INSUFFISANT

Abbreviation for AFFRANCHISMENT INSUFFISANT, handstamps struck on

covers to alert the delivering office that postage had been not been pre-paid or
was under-franked and tax or postage due was to be collected.

Various wordings (including German and Italian) and styles (including framed).
Main period of use was 1850-70s

N. it ,‘
gC. 111tr,1
;2
/aidlil 2

\
.1

-*.oi
•
*TO ,
6 -. , •

•
1860 cover from Fribourg to Bern

Postal rate 1852 — 1862 for letter up to'/ Loth weight and third Rayon = 15r, hence
underpaid as indicated by red crayon '5'. Struck with 547..leyratood (Grp 16/9).

No postage due stamps affixed but the cover was back-stamped twice with different Bern
cds at 5.30 am and 6.30 am, suggesting the deficiency may have been collected.
 AFFR. INSUF.
Abbreviation for AFFRANCHISMENT INSUFFISANT.

Kt,„, _ _.
411•111FORMir

i) ".•> "IV. )
n
i- i % • i i 4 •- JI c_r) V.
; t IAP`
b1/41gr
"I

4-"i6,14,-, ieeTex-1

/./ ; 11-:71(45 Zt,

t/-eet.if71"--
- f_
/
• / •
7c

e 72-11CD:t -'_
4‘;,36Le7,
• 7 (7-
,.." 1(41

r millon•

January 1862 cover with 3 x 5r Strubels.

Posted from Bern to Delêmont (JU) — the cover has a heavy seal affixed to the rear and
the imprint of heavy contents. Postal rate 1852 — July 1862 for letter over 1/2 Loth weight
and to third Rayon = 20r, hence the item was underpaid as indicated by red crayon '5'.
AFFR. INSUF. (Grp 16/2) struck off-stamp.

No postage due stamps affixed. Cover back-stamped with Delemont; no evidence that
the deficiency was collected
a a
AFFR. INSUF.
Abbreviation for AFFRANCHISMENT INSUFFISANT.

Handstamps usually struck off-stamp on covers but rarely on stamps. This

version (AW Group 16/2) was used in Porrentruy and French-speaking postal
districts in 1850-60s.

AFFR. INSUF (Grp 16/2) struck on

Sitting Helvetia 5c yellow-brown (1867-70)

Vt..•
14U/V ge
4 '
'

1866 cover from Neuchatel to St. Blaise (NE)

Postal rate 1862 — 1871 for letter up to 10 gm weight and within local Rayon (10km in a
straight line) = 10r. However, the cover has the imprint from containing possibly a heavy
card thus exceeding 10 gm, hence the item was underpaid as indicated by red crayon '5'.
AFFR. INSUF. (Grp 16/2) struck off-stamp.

No postage due stamps affixed. Cover back-stamped with `Fingershutstemper (thimble)

St Blaise Grp 104-I/S8 (Type 3); no evidence that the deficiency was collected
 `T' CANCELLERS EARLY USE
The earliest use of 'T' cancellers was for telegraph purposes from 1830s
onwards. The original purpose of the 'Outline T' was for telegraph money
orders.

The first use for postage due after 1874 when the UPU congress approved
use of the letter T to represent an internationally recognisable expression
`Taxe a Payer'.

rte. Canbc-
— 1111111
and _Rennelub Marienbad.

1894 cover from Austria to Zurich. Posted in what was then known as Marienbad, Austria (now
Marienskê Lãzné in the Czech Republic). The Austrian serifed 'T' and blue crayoned '3' in
indicated the postage shortfall in Austrian kreuzer.

Swiss Outline-T handstamp confirmed a deficiency on arrival at Zurich. Initially '50' was blue-
crayoned advising the deficiency to be collected at the address in Zurich district V; one 10c + two
20c postage due stamps were affixed and cancelled by cds ZURICH BRIEFTRGR on 12/6/1894.

The letter was re-directed to Usteristrasse (Zurich district I) and postman and amount payable in
Swiss centimes. The tax payable was apparently re-calculated and the blue-crayoned amount
was changed to '100. An additional 50c stamp was affixed and cancelled with cds ZURICH BRF.
DIST. on 13/6/1894. Presumably the full 100c was collected upon delivery.
 El 13
`T' CANCELLERS - EARLY USE

T cancellers were issued to main post offices on external postal routes and
were intended for use only for under-franked international mail, both incoming
and outgoing.

1914 cover from Zurich to WOrttemburg, Germany.

Pencilled in corner confirms the second weight-category, i.e. 20 — 35 gm.:

correct postage was 40c. Outline T handstamp confirmed under-franking.

Blue-crayoned `30c1' (?) and crayoned '25' confirmed deficiency/payable (?)

 ▪ •
•

a
TWO 'T's
A contrast of T-cancellers — Italian and Swiss, for outgoing and incoming
international mail respectively.

CAPRI
StazIone FunIcolere
(.)
s 'F , •

c.
gr ...) . CI
CC
..., 1
f°4 1
:7.

a ()
'
'''
(MA tk_Z-
r r- ;
)`6`)T\ /
. . C) '''' 1"-k- ., -..

0
---,2—'•:4• 1
::!....)
C.) 0 C .S),
‘(i S1 \ 1:11
,,. -
2
(4. 4 e
szz,
,z
ek) c
/-
f0 >. ... !LI 0 0Yity I./01;0 L-t.-
v /0 'c' i&.
(".C ..- 7\--4...
r-% (
:'. (1'I
..1)
r • ,

,.4de in 4'a IV

InAL

1966 under-franked cover from Italy to Yverdon.

Italian plain 'T handstamp and manuscript '30/55' advised of deficiency in franking.
`Par Avion' hand-stamp cancelled and card presumably despatched surface-mail.

Swiss 20c 1960 postal history stamp applied and cancelled with Outline-T
handstamp for collection
 `T' CANCELLERS and
FRANKING ON REVERSE SIDE
Use of the 'Outline T' became scarce from the early 20th century until the
introduction of T-cancellers hand-stamped on ordinary postage stamps for
postage due purposes.

At the same time, the introduction of picture postcards at the same time
brought about a fad of affixing postage stamps to the reverse of the card. This
in turn prompted the issue of hand-stamps confirming that postage was on the
reverse. This would have avoided incorrect treatment for postage due.

Affranchisn ent au verso

katur the R ickseite
olAmittiAL Qt

(-1.001.4/a

1909 postcard from Montreux to Paris. Correct postage was 10c.

5c stamp affixed to picture side: hand-stamp AFFRANCHISSEMENT AU VERSO /

FRANKATUR SIEHE RUCKSEITE confirmed this and 'Outline-T' and blue-crayoned 5
confirmed deficiency in franking.

French 10c postage due affixed and cancelled in Paris for tax collected.
a
MID-1950s TRANSITION PERIOD
With the intention of withdrawing postage due stamps, the post office instructed that
old T hand-stamps were to be struck on ordinary postage stamps for this purpose
from I' January 1954 onwards and, after an initial period of confusion, post offices
started using T hand-stamps. The system settled down and postage due stamps were
withdrawn on 1" April 1956.

Both 'Outline T' (Type I) and 'Circled T' (Type 2) were used, the latter being much
the commoner, particularly in later years (1960s).

Ye lie%.,

i
z
• 4.. . / f

1955 unfranked cover from Wilderswil to Zurzach.

Correct postage was 20c. Pencilled `-40' advised double-deficiency payable.

40c (I 949) definitive stamp struck with outline T hand-stamp for collection of postage due.
 IOUTLINE-T' HANDSTAMPS - LATE USE
From May 1977 an example of late use of what was, by then, a very old T
hand-stamp.

17

C N.V.
n 99
SSEL

1977 under-franked cover from Belgium to Basel.

Belgian manuscript 'T 5/15' confirmed deficiency in franking

On arrival, 5c (1973) and 20c (1964) definitive stamps affixed and cancelled with outline-T
handstamp for collection of postage due.
 `CIRCLED-T' CANCELLERS

From 1911 onwards, 'Circled T' cancellers were issued to post offices not
already holding 'Outline T' cancellers. Over 30 variants are known.

Oni

1916 cover from Bulgaria to Clarens.

Sofia post office noted the deficiency with blue-crayoned '5'.

Austrian military handstamp (mauve ink) authorised wartime transit.

Clarens post office applied a 'Circled T' handstamp and noted blue-crayoned '20' for
the deficiency payable.

1 20c postage due stamp was affixed and cancelled for tax collected.
1E1
`CIRCLED T' CANCELLERS
Known as 'Type 2', these became increasingly the commoner of
the two types of T cancellers struck on postage stamps from 1954
onwards.

07'

Frau
Lena Rapp
Hanterger Steig 6
Zurich 8
Schweiz

1955 under franked cover from West Germany.

Pencilled 15 confirmed deficiency payable.

15c 1949 definitive stamp applied with Type 2 hand-stamp to collect postage due
 FOUR 'T's and FOUR 'FRAMAS'
In order to facilitate the handling of large quantities of postage due items to
commercial addresses, main post offices printed Frama labels and struck
them with T-cancels in advance in order to speed up the processing of
postage due collection.

P)

IIRA"^YE DE L'ETAT DE FRIBOURG

Case postale

CH -17,01 FRIBOURG 1

1980 unfranked cover from La Tour-de-Trême to Fribourg.

Correct postage was 40c. Pencilled '90' confirmed the deficiency + 50c penalty payable;
Frama labels to this value, pre-struck with circled-T handstamp, applied for collection.
 `T' CANCELLERS
- FOR MULTIPLE POSTAGE DUE
The use of stamps was primarily for audit purposes, to account for the
collection of postage due by the delivering postman.

For multiple items of postage due, the total could be collected through
recording on one of the mail items.

2, Mrz ICA

COUTURE ERIKA
Grie der + Cie AG
FRIDEL BIRRER Stoff-Versand
FORCHSTR. 61 95892485
8704 HERRLIBERG/ZH Postfach

8 o 48 Ziirich

1974 unfranked business postcard from Herrliberg to Zurich.

Correct postage was 30c. Manuscript 'T60' confirmed double deficiency to be collected.

90c 1960 architecture stamp applied and cancelled with Circled-T handstamp —
presumably to collect a further 30c postage due for another item in the same delivery
 MANY 'T's
Major commercial organisations — especially banks — receive large amounts of
unfranked or under-franked mail. For bulk processing of multiple postage due
items, the Post Office printed special cards on which multiple stamps were
affixed to the aggregate value of postage due for the day's mail.

" t 4} • kw/At!
OL d-
0
z
Pin <
.10 E., „iesah ipA
wi w itsat,
z -4 .11
> Pr.1
.
11 I
m 1.1

Ersatzbeleg fUr ausstehende Versandkarte

Duplicata pour carte d'expedition manquante
Duplicato per cartollna dl spedizione mancante
Paket Ankunftsdatum
Coils Date d'arrivee
Pacco Fr. Data d'arrivo

Aufgabestelle ....
•
Lieu de depot
Ufficio d'impostazione
Absender
Ezpediteur
Mittente
Empfanger
Destinatalre
Destinatario
Verrechnet am
Zusteiibezlrk Mis en compte le
Circonscription de distr. Mesa. incobto
Circolo di distribuzlone

Kontrollnummer oder -zeichen

No ou marque de contrOle
No o segno di controllo

PTT 412.68 V 06 A 6 K 120

Undated 1960s Post Office card PTT stationery no. 412.68 V66 A6 K120 for collection of
postage due. Card noted with manuscript 'Fr 6.70 a paye' for total deficiency to be collected.

1960/1964 architecture stamps applied and cancelled with Circled-T handstamps.

 CENTERING THE 'CIRCLED-I'
In the application of T-cancellers post offices were instructed to 'tie' the stamp
to the cover to prevent their removal and re-use. This was not always easy
when using the Type 2 canceller (`Circled-T') which was only 12mm in
diameter.

On Her Majesty's Service

Mrs. G. L. Diedermann,

Jungfrau Str 4.,

3000 Bern,

SWITZERLAND.
Post Office
NS4

1955 official cover from Britain to Bern.

Official cover and 'OFFICIAL PAID' machine franking not recognised by the Swiss receiving
office. Manuscript 1.- indicated deficiency payable. Fr1.00 1960 landscape stamp affixed and
cancelled with Circled-T.

Examples on
various stamps.

,
HELFT HEILEN .0, AIDEZ A 01JERIR
It seems that
4 latterly the
I:k; - ii
instruction was
.

;? lii>1, >

t ignored or
-I "
>.w
forgotten - even
5 when using the
HELFT HEIL ,
4n10E. A 01JERIR

4 larger 'Outline-T'
canceller.

t4
 `OUTLINE T' and `STRAFPORT0'
THE BANK'S REVENGE?
Commercial treatment of postage due mail received at a bank's PO box address.

R
CUTE

Strafporto ENTLOHNUNG
GESUNDE
IA BO- WIRTSCHAFT
QI 19-20
to 1 1963
1 )1
V E.1
(;
5'

Absender:
Aiinenfrankierte Briefe erfordern
'4 ' Angabe des Absenders : P. 0. 835
-

Schweizerische Volksbank
Postfach 394

Bern -Transit
(F. M. 4030)

•
1963 unfranked cover within Bern to 'Postfach' (PO Box) address of bank.

Receiving post office inscribed manuscript '20' in violet pencil advising deficiency
payable.

Partly-gummed, pink label attached to left-hand side of cover, advising recipient to

arrange payment of the deficiency immediately.

On presentation of the mail item at the post office for payment of postage due, 20c
1964 Expo stamp affixed and cancelled with 'Outline T' handstamp and pink label
removed (leaving remains on cover).

Straight-line `Strafporto' handstamp struck on cover internally by the bank,

highlighting that the 'punitive tax' had been paid. Was this an instruction for the tax to
be passed on to the bank's account holder?
 `CIRCLED-T' IN BLUE
Officially T-handstamps were to be struck only in black ink. Occasionally
examples can be found struck in other colours, for non-specific or philatelic
reasons.

n\I
N 14001 e/401V av
( l dit'Fiere
is dns,:H r almalesn,cpsyr7ides d'Euseigne

g 2

rc
4

M .5 e `"
•2--(
-.

R -e
fi)
s-' -6 Wecf__,fc-
0

N,
\N4C)
e Lc e cie
1 • \t,
Imprimter(Suisse-10

f
r

1968 unfranked postcard from Gr6ne (VS) to Glarus.

Correct postage was 20c. Circled-T handstamp struck off-stamp in blue ink.

Manuscript '20', later changed to '40' confirming the double-deficiency payable,

presumably the amount collected on delivery
 RARE 'T'S
The use of T-cancellers on ordinary postage stamps for collection of postage
due commenced in January 1954 but was formalised only from 1s t April 1956.
The 1936 landscape definitive series was invalidated on 31 st December 1955
so there was a short period during the transition stage that T-cancellers were
applied to this stamp issue. Examples are rare.

10c z. 203z

The use of semi-postal (charity) stamps was not permitted for postage due
purposes. Nonetheless examples are to be found — quite possibly struck and
paid for as a favour strictly for philatelic novelty purposes.

Pro-Juventute 1952 Pro-Juventute 1956

5 + 5c z. 143 5 + 5c z. 163
1:31
One 'T' and a RARITY
A 'Circled-T' handstamp on a coil stamp. Only normal postage stamps of
current availability over the counter were permitted to be used — this is
because stamps had to be affixed within the post office prior to payment of the
postage due. So how did a coil stamp come to be used?

It is recorded that from 9th May to 20th May 1966 a central Zurich post office
ran out of 35c stamps (a . common amount of postage due payable at the
time). The postmaster authorised use of his stock of coil stamps in order to
address the problem as a short-term measure.

REP0i3LIQUE
PRA,N.ZALSE

*040
1?-1`TB-111
12V66 -1-PARIS-108= -777,7,7
N.

0")

CREDIT SUISSE
Case Postale I
ZURICH
(Suisse) 'x
GD

S
1966 under-franked air-mail cover from France to Zurich.

Swiss manuscript '35' confirmed deficiency payable. 15c and 20c (coil-printing phosphor
paper) 1960 postal history stamps affixed and cancelled with Circled-T handstamp. The
bank's arrival date mark of 16/5/1966 confirms the date of arrival within this period.

Only 50 or so examples are

known to exist.

A further example (left) alongside

a normal sheet stamp (right):
 `CIRCLED-1" CANCELLERS —
THE FINAL YEARS
The use of T-handstamps struck on postage stamps gradually started to be
phased out from the late 1960s onwards with the introduction of boxed-T
handstamps that also provided space for noting the franking deficiency.

The last stamps regularly struck were issues of 1987. In the long period of
transition, variations on the theme developed again with T-cancellers being
struck off-stamp

Flugaufnahme
CH-8733 Eschenbach SG

%:)42-Lee-le
eE
/kite( e‘4,,, 2/7'/)

gl i4w,e4

Verlag: Verkehrsv
COL 8645

1975 postcard from Eschenbach (SG) to Glarus.

Franked with two 10c stamps and cancelled with K-cancel 8733 Eschenbach (SG)

Correct postage was 30c. Circled-T handstamp struck off-stamp with manuscript '20'
confirming the double-deficiency payable, presumably collected on delivery.
 `CIRCLED-T'- STOP PRESS!

Whilst visiting Ticino in September 2009 I posted an under-franked letter to myself

at Morcote post office, on the shores of Lake Lugano to see how Swiss Post treats
such items.

On arrival back home I was amazed to see that the envelope had been struck with a
(somewhat blurred) circled-T handstamp. The annotation correctly advises that
there was a franking shortfall of 30c from the Chf1.30 that should have been paid.

• nn1•n=1nn•

APRIORITY
MPRIORITAIRE

N GvAtAi,„‘ 3
s
 `P.P', 'T's and the U.N.
Latterly issuing their own stamps the United Nations offices in Geneva were
also subject to the Swiss postal administration and U.P.U. regulations
including payment of postage due for unfranked or underpaid mail.

As much of the offices' mail was of official nature, examples of postage due on
U.N. items are relatively uncommon.

ARMY '
F_

International Telecommunications Union,

Palais Wilson, 52, rue des Pa
Geneva Switzerland.

1961 under-franked cover from Canada to the I.T.U.

Canadian 5c postage paid insufficient. Canadian circular 'T 10 CENTIMES' advised of the
franking deficiency.

Swiss manuscript '0.15' confirmed the deficiency payable. 15c 1960 postal history stamp
affixed and (unusually) cancelled with hexagonal P.P. for payment.

Examples on
three values of
1969/70 definitive
UN stamps.
NATIONS UNIES
 MACHINE-FRANKED T-CANCELS
Increases in the volume of mail in the 1960s brought corresponding increases
in under-franked items. The PTT made attempts at automating the process by
introducing machine-franking of boxed T-cancels.

Machines (Hasler Model F88) were provided at the 16 main post offices,
solely for this purpose. The cancels indicated simply the relevant post office
and the amount of postage 'due and were printed in red ink.

7:17 1- BP!EFAUSGABE n. CI!

I
T
L 070 20
75

deidee,v
/1-&-rvier11.4 V
3o

2 .7(-4(4.44.4(/

1977 under-franked cover from The Netherlands to Bern.

Dutch circular, T-fraction handstamp advised of the deficiency.

Machine-franked T-cancel BERN 1 — BRIEFAUSGABE 070 confirmed deficiency payable,

presumably collected.
 MACHINE-FRANKED T-CANCELS
The location of the T-cancels appears irregular but in fact is always within
20mm of the edge of the cover/card and usually on the left-hand side (if fed
into the machine correctly.

M.
Geschaftsantwortkarte
Porto von Empfanger bezahlt
= i , /pi i..4- ireMictete 0
I
Carte commerciale - reponse - (Tie pts- /aftralichir" -
Port paye par le destinataire \orctrifirtrn
at77, /
=
Cartolina commerciale - risposta IL ---
=
=
Tassa pagata dal destinatario

JETRO Ire°
1=1 16, chemin de la Voie'Creuse
CD
CC)
1202 GENEVE CD

1975 business postcard for post-payment within Geneva.

The correct postage payable was 30c.

Machine-franked T-cancel GENEVE 1 POST. LETTRES - 060 confirmed double-

deficiency payable as postage due (one year later the postage due payable included a
penalty payment and would have risen to 90c).
 I" ON A LABEL
Reportedly Hasler machine T-cancels were printed on A6-sized stickers for
attaching to larger and bulkier items — these seem rather large at 148 x
105mm. Smaller-sized labels would appear to have been more suitable for
this purpose.

COM PUTER &)

PALAL3 DE EEAULLEU
LAUSA
22 - 25 AVR:t..

• LI.LE1RES 1

T
Distributeurs êlectronique
de guichet
Case postal
1001 LAUSANNE

1980 postage due cover within Lausanne.

The correct postage payable was 40c. Machine-printed T-cancel LAUSANNE 1 DIST.
LETTRES - 070 on an adhesive label confirmed postage due payable, being 20c
deficiency in franking and 50c penalty.

All may not be as it seems, however. The envelope was clearly not used and
addressed to an electronic 'sort code' company. Whilst almost certainly not a
`philatelic' item, perhaps it was a demonstration item from a trade fair?
 1E1
`T' FRACTIONS

In order to standardise postage due arrangements and improve international

recognition of markings, in 1964 the UPU Congress approved a procedure
whereby the franking deficiency was to be shown as a fraction of the minimum
postage rate.

This led to the introduction of T-cancellers for under-franked, international

mail. Some examples have an additional bar for the fraction, sometimes also
the facility to be pre-set with the minimum postage rate and deficiency.

7 ffff ffff Arff ffil ffil

r

Ar arff ffff ArAdr Affff Aril 77 4f4

1980 under-franked cover to The Netherlands.

Correct postage within CEPT was 80c. T-fraction' handstamp struck with minimum at
default 90c (incorrect) but taxed correctly at 30c in manuscript.
 UNGOLTIG ANNULE ANNULLATO
Where postage due stamps had been affixed to mail prior to delivery, the
delivering postman was accountable for collection of all tax due against such
stamps. When the postman was unable to collect the postage due
(undeliverable for some reason or acceptance refused), on his return to the
post office the postman had to ensure that postage due stamps were recorded
as cancelled in lieu of having collected the tax.

This was done by the application of a straight-line canceller in German,

French or Italian, UNGULTIG, ANNULE or ANNULLATO respectively. If
unable to deliver, the postman would leave an advice note for the item to be
collected from a special 'window' on payment of the postage due, whereupon
a second postage due stamp would be affixed.

1
1 Unbekannt.
', Inconnu.
1
••

ei0

gM

11$

2±_a9,
t‘C> f

1889 cover from Germany, internal post, redirected to hotel in St Moritz (GR)

Blue-crayoned '3' (changed to '10') confirmed postage due payable. Letter re-directed
several times to different hotels. After about 10 days, eventually postal label 'Unbekannt.
Inconnu.' affixed, postage dues cancelled with cds AW 142/106 ST MORIZ BAD 30/8/89
and letter returned to Germany.
0 0
UNGOLTIG & ANNULE on stamps
These handstamps were supplied to post offices virtually from same the time
that postage dues stamps were introduced. Around 30 varieties are known.
Mostly struck in black ink although in the 19 th century they are less commonly
struck in red, blue or violet ink.
 121
ANNULE and a 'T
A re-directed cover from Britain to Switzerland and back that earned various
handstamps en route.

1949 internal cover

within London, redirected
to Château d'Oex

I British hexagonal 'T' with

manuscript '7' advised of
under-franking for
international postage.

1938 'Large numeral'

r 10c postage due affixed
and cancelled with cds
CHATEAU D'OEX
2/11/49.

Manuscript 'Refuse'
signed by addressee.
Letter returned to post
office: postal label
'Ahhahme verweigert.
Refuse. Respinto.' affixed
and postage due stamp
cancelled with straight-
line handstamp
`ANNULe, also struck on
cover.

Letter returned to Britain

where id I.S.F.'
handstamp and
manuscript To pay' in
red ink confirmed
a)
postage due to be
collected from sender.

What was the purpose of

the British (?) handstamp
'14' in black ink?
 ANNULLATO & UNGULTIG
A letter that did the rounds in Switzerland before being returned to sender —
with literally more than meets the eye.

1930s postcard from Burnley, Lancs, addressed originally to Carlton Hotel, Luzern

• Machine-cancelled with Burnley Lancs crown and killer wavy-lines

• Struck with hexagonal T 20 L handstamp by outgoing overseas mail office in
London confirming under-franking equal to 20 gold centimes
• Marked with manuscript crayon 25 on arrival at Luzern confirming postage due
payable and 25c postage due affixed and. .
• Letter re-directed to Lugano: pd stamp cancelled with cds LUZERN BRIEFAUSG
and sl UNGULTIG
• On arrival at Lugano, second 25c postage due affixed but letter re-directed to
Interlaken so cancelled with cds LUGANO LETTERE 18/6/1930 and sl
ANNULLATO
• On arrival at Interlaken, a third 25c postage due stamp affixed on top of the first
one but re-directed to London address so cancelled with cds INTERLAKEN
19/6/1930
• On arrival in London, back-stamped with cds LONDON W.1. 27/6/1930 and re-
directed finally back to Carlton House, Burnley
a ANNULLATO and a 'T'
The reversal of postage due for post office accounts was confirmed by striking
the postage due stamp with a straight-line canceller. Around 30 variations are
known, mainly the German UNGULTIG or French ANNULEE. Only two
versions are known of the Italian version ANNULLATO, used by some (but not
all) post offices in Canton Ticino. Both versions are very scarce.

1950s unfranked business envelope within Ticino.

Correct postage for local post was 10c. Pencilled 20' confirmed double-deficiency payable.

1949 'Landscape' issue 20c stamp affixed and struck with 'Circled-T'.

Pencilled note 'Respinto rinvia' advised acceptance was refused. Postage due stamp
cancelled with straight-line handstamp 'ANNULLATO.
 121
UNGULTIG and 'MIST BIS . .
In the 1960s the expiry date would be noted, marked Trist bis . . .' and the last
date for collection, otherwise the item would be returned to the sender.

1966 cover from Greece

to Zurich

Greek red-ballpoint `T'/'

advised of under-
franking
(;)
I O (t)

Cover back-stamped
with cds 8025 Zurich 25
MOhlegasse On 10/10/66.

15c definitive affixed and

struck with 'Circled-T'
handstamp. The postage
due could not be
collected on the
postman's round;
returned and cancelled
with straight-line
handstamp 'UNGOLTIG'
back at post office.

For clerical purposes,

handstamped with 'Frist
bis 17. Okt. 1966'
confirmed deadline for
collection. Recipient paid
postage due: second 15c
definitive affixed and
struck with 'Circled-T'
handstamp.
 UNGULTIG and MIXED POSTAGE DUES
When the postponement or redirection of postage dues coincided with the
issue of news sets of stamps it sometimes produced interesting examples of
`mixed franking'.

31.12,!..4-574 51

7
/ 7

1937/38 cover from Dresden, Germany to Zurich.

German blue-crayoned 'T' advised of under-franking.

Swiss post office manuscript '5' in black crayon confirmed deficiency payable.

1924 'Children' 5c postage due affixed and struck with cds ZURICH 1 BRIEFAUSGABE 1/1/1938.
The postage due could not be collected on the postman's round so returned and cancelled with
straight-line handstamp 'UNGULTIG' back at the post office.

Letter delivered with partly-gummed, pink label attached to left-hand side of cover, advising
recipient to arrange to collect the letter on payment of the deficiency.

On collection and payment, 1937 provisional overprint 5c postage due affixed and cancelled with
cds ZURICH 2 FRAUMUNSTER (POSTLAGER) on 3/1/1938.
 121
UNGULTIG and MIXED POSTAGE DUES

Another example of 'mixed franking' with postage dues — in reverse order of

issue — following refusal and cancelling of the first.

9:/

1939 cover from Lausanne to Olten with 5c stamp

cancelled with cds LAUSANNE 5 MOUSQUINES 20/4/39.

Correct postage was 20c. Blue-crayoned '30' confirmed double-deficiency payable.

1938 'Large numeral' 30c postage due affixed and cancelled with
cds OLTEN 1 BRIEFPOST 20/4/39.

Pencilled note advised acceptance was refused and gave forwarding address. Postal
label `Ahhahme verweigert. Refuse. Respinto'. was affixed and first postage due
cancelled with straight-line handstamp 'UNGOLTIG'.

Letter forwarded to Luzern where 1924 'Children' 30c postage due affixed and cancelled
with cds LUZERN 2 BRIEFAUSGABE 26/4/1939.
 1E3
OUTLINE 'T' and UNGULTIG
International incoming mail with fairly late use of an outline-T canceller, with
`Unknown' postal label and postage due collected on return to Great Britain.

1960 cover from Colchester to Aeschi bei Spiez (BE)

British blue-crayoned '6' and 'T 210 F.S.' in hexagon advised of under-franking.

Cover back-stamped (on arrival or return?) with K-cancel AESCHI B. SPIEZ.

Swiss pencilled '40' confirmed postage due payable. 40c definitive affixed and struck with
`Outline-T' handstamp. The intended recipient was not known at the hotel where addressed
so postal label 'Unbekannt Inconnu Sconosciuto' affixed and postage due stamp cancelled
with straight-line handstamp 'UNGULTIG' back at post office.

Letter returned to Great Britain where the sender incurred '6d to pay' postage due.
 A MYSTERY 'T'
What appears to be a rubber-stamped handstamp struck on a cover from
Germany in 1916. The date (and style) are too late for recording in AW but
this seems to be a little-known handstamp.

C. A. Uhlmann
Strumpf-Fabriken
EXPORT
Gornsdorf I. Erzgeb.

1916 under-franked cover from Gornsdorf, Germany to Bern.

German blue-crayoned 'T' advised of deficiency in franking.

Swiss violet-crayoned '25' and violet handstamped 25c.' confirmed postage due to be
collected.

5c postage due affixed and cancelled with cds BERN for collection.
 `T' and a FOREIGN LABEL
Outline-T canceller used for outgoing foreign mail — matched with Austrian
hand-stamped label.

r
4531 MOrren 1645 m
0Mittaghorn - Grosshorn - Breithorn -
in eih

Za..22-744_

113H3S0d9 SHfl930H3VN
02 0 >9 . 8'S

• 59 N31M

1964 under-franked picture postcard from MOrren to Vienna, Austria.

Swiss 'Outline-T' handstamp and manuscript '10' advised the receiving postal
service of the deficiency in franking.

Austrian manuscript '1.20' confirmed the deficiency payable in Groschen.

Partly-gummed, plain label attached and struck in red ink with

'WIEN 65 NACHGEBUHR 0120' for collection of postage due
 DELIBERATE POST-PAYMENT
A cover with two handstamps in red ink. What was the purpose of an
organisation (and a 'French representative') for military permits after the
second world war?

DAS SCHUNL ALTS

Bt.!'
ERN
LE
I

'? 4

Monsieur Paul KIRCHBERG,

13, rue des Vernes,

COLOMBIER

Neuchfitel

1946 unfranked cover from Bern to Neuchatel. Machine-cancelled with BERN 1

BRIEFVERSAND and Bern city publicity slogan. Handstamped twice in red ink:

BUREAU DES PERMIS MILITAIRES

LE REPRESENTANT FRANCAIS EN SUISSE
CASE POSTALE 20 BERNE

`Port a la charge du destinataire'.

Apparently this was recognised by the post office: a pencilled '40' confirmed the
deficiency payable, duly collected by affixing of two 20c postage due stamps cancelled
with cds COLOMBIER (NEUCHATEL)