ENGLISH FICTION REVISION PACK
SUBJECT CODE 0058/02
1. Genre
Definition:
A genre is a category or type of literature, music, or art, based on
specific style, content, or form.
Examples of genres.
• Mystery: A clue-filled story where a clever detective solves a
puzzling crime.
The fog was thick as soup, and every shadow seemed to whisper
a secret.
• Fantasy: A magical, imaginative story often filled with
dragons, enchanted forests, and powerful wizards.
The silver-winged unicorn galloped through the twilight sky like
a comet set free.
• Science Fiction: A futuristic, technology-rich story that may
include space travel, robots, or alien life.
The gleaming spaceship hovered silently, its engines humming
like a sleeping beast.
• Historical Fiction: A realistic, time-traveling story set in the
past, often involving real historical events.
Dusty streets and horse-drawn carriages came to life as the
brave girl clutched her lantern and stepped into 1800s London.
• Adventure: A fast-paced, exciting story filled with danger,
exploration, and unexpected twists.
Their raft raced down the wild, churning river like a leaf caught
in a storm.
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2. Prefix
Definition:
A prefix is a group of letters added to the beginning of a word to
change its meaning.
Examples (with explanation):
• Un- (meaning not):
Unkind – not kind.
The unkind wind slapped her cheeks with icy fingers.
• Re- (meaning again):
Rewrite – to write again.
He had to rewrite the mysterious message until it glowed with
meaning.
• Dis- (meaning opposite of):
Disagree – to not agree.
They disagreed so fiercely, their voices thundered like clashing
clouds.
3. Suffix
Definition:
A suffix is a group of letters added to the end of a word to change
its meaning or word class (like turning a verb into a noun).
Examples (with adjectives and description):
• -ful (meaning full of):
Hopeful – full of hope.
Her eyes sparkled with a hopeful gleam, like stars waiting to
rise.
• -ness (turns an adjective into a noun):
Kindness – the quality of being kind.
The old man's kindness was like a warm blanket on a freezing
night.
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• -ly (turns an adjective into an adverb):
Quickly – in a quick way.
The fox darted quickly through the moonlit forest.
4. Adjective
Definition:
An adjective is a describing word. It tells us more about a noun –
such as how something looks, feels, smells, or behaves.
Examples (with figurative language and vivid description):
• The crimson sky blazed like fire at sunset.
• Her silent, shadowy movements made her as invisible as a
whisper.
• The gigantic, ancient tree stood like a proud giant watching
over the meadow.
5. Figurative Language
Definition:
Figurative language uses creative expressions to make writing more
interesting, vivid, and imaginative. It is not meant to be taken
literally.
Examples:
• Simile – compares two things using like or as:
The cave was as dark as midnight in a thunderstorm.
• Metaphor – A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares
two different things by saying that one thing is the other, even
though it is not literally true.
• Personification – gives human qualities to non-human things:
The wind howled angrily through the trees.
• Hyperbole – exaggerated statement:
I’ve told you a million times!
Modal Verbs
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Definition:
Modal verbs are helping verbs that show the possibility, ability,
permission, or necessity of something happening.
Examples of modal verbs: can, could, will, would, shall, should,
may, might, must
Example:
You must finish your magical quest before the moon disappears
behind the clouds.
(Shows necessity)
2. Themes in stories.
Definition:
A theme is the central idea or message in a story. It tells what the
story is really about beneath the surface.
Example:
In a story where a lonely dragon learns to make friends, the theme
might be "friendship" or "accepting others who are different."
Example sentence:
The glowing heart of the story is the theme of kindness conquering
fear.
3. Classic Stories
Definition:
Classic stories are well-known tales that have been loved and retold
for many years, often with important messages or timeless
characters.
Example:
“Cinderella” is a classic story where a kind girl, treated cruelly, is
rewarded with happiness.
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Example sentence:
In the classic tale of Cinderella, goodness sparkles brighter than
gold.
4. Apostrophes
Definition:
Apostrophes are punctuation marks used to show possession or form
contractions (shortened words).
Two uses:
• Possession:
The dragon’s treasure (The treasure belongs to the dragon)
• Contraction:
It’s raining (It’s = it is) They ’re= (they are)
Example sentence:
The knight’s sword gleamed under the moonlight.
(Shows possession – the sword belongs to the knight)
5. Fables
Definition:
A fable is a short story with talking animals or objects, written to
teach a moral or lesson.
Example:
In “The Tortoise and the Hare,” the slow but steady tortoise wins the
race, teaching the lesson: “Slow and steady wins the race.”
Example sentence:
The clever fox in the fable taught us that flattery can be a dangerous
trap.
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Writers use exclamation marks to show strong emotion or emphasis.
They help readers understand the tone of what’s being said. Here are
a few common reasons writers use them:
1. To show excitement or joy
Example: We won the game!
2. To express surprise or shock
Example: What a beautiful dress!
3. To give a strong command or warning
Example: Watch out!
4. To show anger or frustration
Example: I can’t believe you did that!
5. To create a lively or dramatic tone
Example: It was the best day ever!
Writers use command verbs (also called imperative verbs) to give
instructions, orders, or requests. These verbs tell the reader what to
do, making the writing direct and clear. Here’s why writers use them:
1. To give clear instructions
Example: Mix the flour with water.
(used in recipes, manuals, or how-to guides)
2. To give orders or commands
Example: Sit down and listen.
(used in speeches, rules, or directions)
3. To encourage or persuade
Example: Join us today!
(used in advertisements or posters)
4. To create a sense of urgency
Example: Act now before it’s too late!
(used in warnings or calls to action)
5. Definition of Pronouns:
6. Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns to avoid
repetition. They help make sentences clearer and less repetitive.
Example: Instead of saying "Sarah went to Sarah's house," we
say "Sarah went to her house."
7. Definition of Possessive Pronouns:
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8. Possessive pronouns show ownership or that something
belongs to someone or something. They replace the noun and
show who owns it.
9. Common Possessive Pronouns:
Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
Example Sentence:This book is hers.
(The word hers shows that the book belongs to her.)
10.What is an ellipsis?
An ellipsis is a set of three dots (...) used in writing.
How is it used in suspense?
To show a pause or silence
→ This makes the reader wait... and wonder what will happen.
Example:
She heard a creak behind the door... but no one was there.
To stop a sentence before it’s finished
→ This leaves the reader guessing.
Example:
“I saw something move in the shadows, and then I...”
To slow down the action
→ This builds tension by making the moment feel longer.
Example:
He reached for the doorknob... slowly turned it... and peeked
inside...
11.Why do writers use single-word paragraphs?
To create suspense or tension
A single word can slow down the reader and build excitement
or fear.
Example:
She opened the door.
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Silence.
Darkness.
Footsteps.
Each word feels more dramatic and makes the reader wonder
what’s coming next?
Onomatopoeia
These are sound words that imitate the noise they describe (like
bang, buzz, crash).
Why writers use it:
• To make the writing more lively and realistic
• To help the reader hear what’s happening in the story
• To grab attention and create mood or excitement
Example:
The firework went boom in the sky.
2. Rhyme
Rhyme is when words sound the same at the end (like cat and hat).
Why writers use it:
• To make writing musical and fun to read
• To help with memory (rhyme sticks in your mind!)
• To create a pattern or flow in poems and sometimes in stories
Example:
The moon is high, up in the sky.
The stars are bright, they shine all night.
3. Personification
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This is when a non-human thing is given human actions or feelings
(like "the wind whispered").
Why writers use it:
• To make objects or nature feel alive
• To help readers imagine better
• To add emotion and creativity to the description
Example:
The trees danced in the wind.
The clock watched her as she waited.
What to Include in a Fiction Story:
A good fiction story usually includes the following elements:
1. Characters – The people or animals in the story.
2. Setting – Where and when the story takes place.
3. Plot – The main events of the story (beginning, middle, and
end).
4. Problem/Conflict – Something the main character has to face
or solve.
5. Solution – How the problem is solved.
6. Theme – The message or lesson of the story.
Example of a Short Fiction Story:
The Lost Puppy
One sunny afternoon, Maya, a kind-hearted girl, was walking home
from school when she heard a soft whimper near the bushes (setting).
Curious, she peeked inside and found a tiny brown puppy that
looked scared and hungry (characters).
Maya wanted to help but knew her parents might not allow pets
(problem/conflict). She took the puppy home, gave it food, and made
a warm bed in the garage. The next day, she made posters and asked
around the neighbourhood.
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After a few days, a little boy came to their house, crying and holding
one of the posters. It was his puppy! Maya was sad to say goodbye,
but happy to see them reunited (solution).
The boy’s family was so grateful that they let Maya visit the puppy
whenever she wanted. She learned that doing the right thing feels
better than keeping something that doesn’t belong to you (theme).
Please note that you do not have to indicate, setting or problem or
themes this has been done for example purposes only.
What to Do When Asked to Complete a Story:
When you're asked to complete a story, you're given part of a story
(the beginning or middle), and your job is to:
1. Read the given part carefully. Understand the characters,
setting, and problem.
2. Think about what could happen next. Use your imagination,
but keep the events logical and connected to the first part.
3. Add details to make your part interesting.
4. Finish the story with a clear ending – solve the problem or
show what happens to the characters.
5. Stick to the same tone or style as the beginning.
6. When you are given Part 1 of a story and asked to complete
Part 2, the title of the story usually stays the same as the one
given in Part 1. You should not change the title unless the
instructions tell you to do so.
7. Example:
8. Story Title (given): The Mysterious Footprints
Part 1 (given): One morning, Lila found strange footprints
outside her window...
Your Task: Complete Part 2 of The Mysterious Footprints.
9. Keep the same title: The Mysterious Footprints
Don’t create a new title like Lila’s Big Discovery
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So, the correct thing to do is:
Use the original title given in Part 1
Continue the story from where it stopped
When ending stories donot say the end.
Here are some genres to explore
Zara and the Starship Question
Zara was a twelve-year-old girl who lived on Planet Lumina, a place
full of flying cars, robot helpers, and shining buildings. She loved
to read books about space travel and aliens. More than anything,
Zara wanted to be a space explorer.
One morning, while Zara was eating breakfast, her smart-watch
beeped. A message appeared:
"Emergency! Lost robot found on Moon Zeta. Help needed!"
Zara jumped up. She was ready for an adventure. She wore her silver
space suit, packed her tools, and called her flying robot, Zeno.
Together, they climbed into her mini starship and blasted off into
space.
Zara and Zeno flew past stars and planets. After a few hours, they
landed on Moon Zeta, a quiet moon with grey rocks, dusty ground,
and deep craters. They followed the signal to a small cave. There,
sitting in the cold, was the lost robot. It looked broken and scared.
"Don’t worry," said Zara. "We are here to help."
Zeno used his tools to fix the robot's wires and lights. Soon, its eyes
turned on. "Thank you," it said in a soft voice.
Just then, they heard a strange sound. Three alien creatures came out
of the cave. They had green skin, big eyes, and four arms. Zara was
a little scared, but she stayed calm.
“We come in peace,” Zara said.
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The aliens looked at her. Then, they smiled and spoke in a friendly
voice. “Thank you for helping our robot. You are brave and kind.”
As a gift, one alien gave Zara a glowing stone. “This is a light from
our moon. It will guide you when you are lost,” the alien said.
Zara smiled and thanked them. She, Zeno, and the fixed robot
climbed back into the starship. They waved goodbye to the aliens and
flew home to Planet Lumina.
Zara felt proud. She had completed her first space mission. She
looked at the glowing stone and smiled.
This was just the beginning of many more adventures to come.
Below is an example of Historical fiction
The Lantern and the London Fog
Dusty streets and horse-drawn carriages came to life as the brave girl
clutched her lantern and stepped into 1800s London.
Her name was Emma, and just moments ago, she had been in her
grandmother’s attic in the year 2025. She had found an old lantern
hidden in a wooden chest. When she lit it, a strong wind had blown
through the attic, and everything around her had changed.
Now, Emma stood in a narrow street with tall buildings, chimney
smoke in the air, and people in long coats and hats walking past. The
lantern still glowed softly in her hand.
“What is this place?” she whispered. “It’s London... but not the
London I know.”
Emma walked carefully through the foggy streets. She passed bakers,
chimney sweeps, and flower girls calling out in the cold morning air.
Everyone looked busy, and the city felt alive with history.
Suddenly, she heard a cry. A small boy was sitting by the side of the
road, rubbing his arm. “Are you alright?” Emma asked.
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“I fell,” he said, “and I lost my bread for the factory workers.”
Emma helped him up and offered to find the bread. Together, they ran
to the bakery. The baker, a kind man with a white apron, gave them a
warm loaf.
“Thank you, miss,” the boy said. “My name is Thomas. I work at the
match factory. It’s hard work, but I must help my family.”
Emma listened with surprise. She had read about child labour in
school, but now she was seeing it with her own eyes.
That evening, as the sky turned orange, Thomas took Emma to the
River Thames. “This is where the rich live,” he said, pointing at the
large houses. “But many of us live in small, cold rooms.”
Emma looked at the city—so different from her time, yet so full of
real people and stories. She realized she had travelled not just through
time, but into history.As Emma held the lantern again, the wind
returned. It spun around her, lifting her coat and blowing her hair. In a
flash, she was back in her grandmother’s attic.
The lantern was still glowing, but only for a second. Then it went out.
Emma looked around. Everything was normal again—dusty boxes,
old books, and silence. But in her hand was something new: a small
copper coin from the 1800s.
She smiled.
Emma now understood the past in a way she never had before. And
though the lantern was quiet, she knew its magic might return one
day… when another story was ready to be told.
Features of an Autobiography
An autobiography is a true story of a person's life written by that
person. It often includes personal experiences, thoughts, and
emotions. Here are its key features:
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Key Features of an Autobiography:
1. First-person point of view
o Uses "I", "me", "my" to tell the story from the writer’s
perspective.
2. Chronological order
o Events are usually told in the order they happened.
3. Personal experiences and memories
o Focuses on real-life events that were meaningful to the
writer.
4. Descriptive language
o Includes vivid details to help the reader visualize the
events.
5. Emotions and reflections
o Shares how the writer felt and what they learned from the
experience.
6. True information
o All events and details are based on the writer’s real life.
What Is a Biography?
A biography is a true story about someone’s life, written by another
person. It tells important facts and events from that person’s life,
such as their childhood, achievements, challenges, and contributions
to society.
Features of a Biography
• Third-person point of view
• Written using he, she, or the person’s name (not "I" or "me").
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• Factual information
• Based on real events and truthful details (dates, places, names).
• Chronological order
• Events are told in the order they happened (from birth to later
life).
• Important life events
• Focuses on key moments, such as education, career, and
accomplishments.
• Influence or impact
• Explains how the person influenced others or made a
difference.
• Objective tone
• Written in a neutral and informative way—not emotional or
personal like an autobiography.
Includes quotes or sources (in longer biographies)
May include what the person said or what others said about them.
Example of a biography of Cristiano Ronaldo
Cristiano Ronaldo is a famous footballer from Portugal. He was born
on February 5, 1985, on the island of Madeira. As a child, he loved
playing football and practiced every day. He joined a local team when
he was very young, and people quickly noticed his amazing talent.
When he was a teenager, Ronaldo moved to the mainland to play for
Sporting Lisbon. Later, he played for big clubs like Manchester United,
Real Madrid, and Juventus. He scored many goals and won many
trophies, including the Ballon d'Or, which is given to the best football
player in the world.
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Ronaldo is known for his speed, powerful shots, and hard work. He
also helps children through charity work and has donated money to
hospitals and schools. Many kids around the world look up to him
because he never gave up on his dreams.
Writing Prompt for Students:
Write your own biography of a footballer you admire. Use these
questions to help you:
What is the footballer’s full name?
When and where were they born?
When did they start playing football?
What teams have they played for?
What are some of their achievements?
Why do you admire them?
What Is an Information Text?
An information text (also called informative or non-fiction text) gives
facts about a topic. It helps the reader learn something new. These
texts can be found in textbooks, encyclopedias, websites, and
newspapers.
Features of an Information Text
Title
– Tells the reader what the text is about.
Introduction
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– Gives a short opening about the topic.
Subheadings
– Break the text into sections with smaller titles.
Facts and details
– Provides true information, not opinions.
Pictures or diagrams (sometimes)
– Help the reader understand better.
Labels or captions
– Explain pictures or parts of diagrams.
Technical or topic-specific words
– Words related to the subject (e.g., "photosynthesis" in a plant text).
Present tense
– Usually written in the present tense.
Example of an Information Text
Elephants
Elephants are the largest land animals in the world. They are known
for their big ears, long trunks, and strong tusks.
Types of Elephants
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There are two main types of elephants: African elephants and Asian
elephants. African elephants are bigger and have larger ears. Asian
elephants are smaller and have rounded ears.
What Elephants Eat
Elephants are herbivores, which means they only eat plants. They eat
grass, fruits, and tree bark. An adult elephant can eat over 100
kilograms of food each day!
How Elephants Live
Elephants live in herds. A herd is a group of elephants led by the
oldest female, called the matriarch. Elephants are very social and
help each other, especially when a baby is born.
An autobiography of something memorable that happened
A Memorable Day I Will Never Forget
My name is ….. and I am in CP5. I have had many exciting and fun
days in my life, but one day stands out more than all the others. It
was the day I won my first medal at the school sports day. That day
made me feel proud, happy, and confident, and I will always
remember it.
It all started when our school announced that we would have a
sports day. I was both nervous and excited. I had never joined a race
before, but my teacher encouraged me to try. I signed up for the 100-
meter sprint race. Every day after school, I practised running in my
backyard. My younger brother would time me using a stopwatch. I
knew I wasn't the fastest runner, but I wanted to give it my best.
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On the day of the race, I woke up early. I wore my school sports
uniform and packed my water bottle and cap. My parents came to
watch me, and that made me even more excited. When it was finally
time to race, my heart was beating fast. I stood on the track with the
other runners, waiting for the whistle to blow.
“Ready... set... GO!” shouted the coach. I ran as fast as I could. At
first, I was behind, but I didn’t give up. I remembered all the times I
had practised and pushed myself harder. Suddenly, I was in front! I
ran with all my energy and crossed the finish line first. I couldn’t
believe it! I had won the race!
Everyone clapped, and my parents cheered loudly. I was given a gold
medal and a certificate. My teacher gave me a high five and told me
she was proud of me. I smiled the whole day and even slept with my
medal beside my pillow that night.
That day taught me something very important: if you try your best
and believe in yourself, you can do amazing things. I will always
remember the feeling of running fast, crossing the line, and hearing
my name called as the winner. It was one of the best days of my life.
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