FONA XPan

Service and Installation Manual

 FONA XPan - Service & Installation Manual

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FONA XPan Service and Installation Manual

English Edition

Version 111104 November 2011

Code 69 682 70210

Manufactured by FONA S.r.l.

Via Idiomi 1/8-33 - 20090 Assago (MI) Italy

Distributed by FONA Dental s.r.o.

Stefanikova 7 SK-811 06 Bratislava, Slovakia www.fonadental.com

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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 6
1.1 Destination of Use.............................................................................6
1.2 Product Documentation.....................................................................6
1.3 Warnings for the installer ..................................................................6
1.4 Caution .............................................................................................6
1.5 Environmental Data ..........................................................................7
1.6 Safety ................................................................................................7
2. GENERAL........................................................................................................ 8
2.1 Film System ......................................................................................8
2.2 Control Panels ...................................................................................9
2.3 Tools for System Verification .........................................................10
3. BASIC INSTALLATION ............................................................................... 11
3.1 Room Preparation ...........................................................................11
3.2 Unpacking.......................................................................................12
3.3 Assembling the column ...................................................................13
3.4 Erecting the system .........................................................................14
3.5 Cover removal.................................................................................15
3.6 Carriage Release .............................................................................15
3.7 Ceph Arm .......................................................................................16
3.8 Electrical installation.......................................................................17
3.9 Mode Setting...................................................................................20
4. ACCEPTANCE TEST .................................................................................... 21
4.1 System Test.....................................................................................21
4.2 Radiation Check in Panoramic Mode ..............................................22
4.3 Radiation Check in Cephalometric Mode........................................22
5. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ..................................................................... 23
5.1 Block Diagram ................................................................................23
5.2 Mains Connection Module ..............................................................24
5.3 Power Supply Unit ..........................................................................25
5.4 Column Motor Driver Board ...........................................................26
5.5 Power Switching & Regulation Unit ...............................................28
5.6 Control Unit ....................................................................................30
5.7 Tube-Housing Assembly.................................................................31
6. SERVICE FUNCTIONS ................................................................................. 32
6.1 Pan Calibration (Offset Values) ......................................................33
6.2 Languages .......................................................................................33
6.3 Ceph Formats ..................................................................................33
6.4 Tube Head Statistics........................................................................33
6.5 Exposure Setting .............................................................................33
6.6 Battery Change ...............................................................................34
6.7 Software Info ..................................................................................34
6.8 CAM Setting ...................................................................................34

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6.9 Thermal Settings .............................................................................35

6.10 Key Buttons Test.............................................................................35
6.11 LED Test.........................................................................................35
6.12 Automatic Cycling ..........................................................................35
6.13 Radiation Test .................................................................................36
6.14 Test position sensors .......................................................................37
6.15 Test Voltages ..................................................................................37
6.16 Ceph Alignment ..............................................................................37
7. SERVICE PROCEDURES ............................................................................. 38
7.1 Plastic and Metal Covers.................................................................38
7.2 Replacement of Low Voltage Transformer .....................................40
7.3 Replacement of Power Supply Board ..............................................41
7.4 Replacement of Control Unit Board ................................................42
7.5 Replacement of Power Switching and Regulation Unit Board .......43
7.6 Replacement of Tube Housing Assembly .......................................44
7.7 Replacement of Position Sensors ....................................................49
8. ALARM MESSAGES .................................................................................... 52
8.1 Warning Messages ..........................................................................52
8.2 Error Messages ...............................................................................52
8.3 Mains Fuse Blows at X-ray On .......................................................56
8.4 Other Alarm Messages ...................................................................56
9. MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................... 57
10. SPARE PARTS .............................................................................................. 58
10.1 Positioning & Test Items.................................................................58
10.2 Power Supply & Control Modules ..................................................59
10.3 Mechanical Items ............................................................................61
Appendix A Alarm Messages .................................................................................. 62
Appendix B Icons .................................................................................................... 63
Appendix C Technical Data ..................................................................................... 64
Appendix D Labels .................................................................................................. 65
Appendix E Cooling Curves .................................................................................... 66
Appendix F Fuse Table ........................................................................................... 67

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Destination of Use
The family of products for extra-oral dental radiology includes traditional sys-
tems with film cassette or digital ones for direct image acquisition on computer.
These models are traditional units equipped with cassette for use of films
 either for chemical processing
 or phosphor plates for laser scanning and digital acquisition.
Two versions are available
 Panoramic Solo (Pan Solo) and
 Panoramic and Cephalometric (Pan Ceph) with arm for teleradiography.
Each system can be equipped with temporo mandibular resting bars, on request.
A panoramic cassette holder for 24x30 cm cassette is optionally available.

1.2 Product Documentation

The Operator’s and the Service and Installation Manuals supplied with the sys-
tem are integral part of the product and must be kept with the product.
The original language of the manuals is English.
Quick Reference Data is provided at the end of each manual
 Appendix A: Error Messages
 Appendix B: Icons
 Appendix C: Technical Data
 Appendix D: Labels
 Appendix E: Cooling Curves
 Appendix F: Fuse Table

1.3 Warnings for the installer

The installer has the following obligations:
 Check that the mains voltage specified by the machine manufacturer is with-
in the limits indicated.
 For safety reasons, check that there is a main switch in the room to discon-
nect the mains during installation.
 Diligently install and test the machine following the installation instructions
provided by the manufacturer.

1.4 Caution
X-ray equipment produces ionizing radiation that may be harmful if
not properly controlled. It is therefore recommended that the equip-
ment be operated by trained personnel only, in accordance with existing law.
Even if compliant to specifications of electromagnetic compatibility, it is

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recommended not to use the equipment in presence of external electromagnetic
fields, such as those generated by cellular phones, which might interfere with
the electronic circuits of the system.

1.5 Environmental Data

Applicable ranges of temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure are re-
ported here below both for operation and transport conditions.
Ambient Transport & Storage
Temperature from 10 to 40 °C from –20 to +50 °C
Relative Humidity from 30 to 75% 10 to 100%
Pressure from700 to 1060 hPa from 500 to 1060 hPa

1.6 Safety
 Electrical.
 Trained and qualified technicians only are authorized to remove covers
and have access to power circuits.
 Power supply lines must comply with safety legislation and have ground
terminals for protective earth connection.
 Switch the equipment off and possibly disconnect it from mains before
cleaning or disinfecting the unit.
 Mechanical.
 Make sure that fingers or other parts of the patient or of the operator are not
pinched during the movement of the unit.
 Explosion.
 The equipment cannot be used in presence of flammable gases or vapors.
 Radiation.
 Trained and qualified personnel only are authorized to operate the
equipment always complying with existing law for Radiation Protection.
 Safety distance. The operator is invited to stay 3 meters from the column
(in the designated significant zone of occupancy) or exit the room, always
with patient in view, ready to terminate the exposure in case of need.
 Make sure that the equipment is not left unattended.
 Environmental.
 The machine contains components that cannot be disposed of in the envi-
ronment and it must be disposed of in accordance with the laws in force.

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2. GENERAL
2.1 Film System

CONTROL PANEL
CASSETTE HOLDER
PANORAMIC

CEPH ARM

CEPHALOSTAT

CASSETTE HOLDER
CEPHALOMETRIC

CHIN REST HOLDER

COLLIMATOR WHEEL

TUBE HOUSING ASSEMBLY

SAFE ZONE OF
COLUMN OCCUPANCY
FOR OPERATOR

3m
SELF STANDING BASE 10 foot

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2.2 Control Panels

12 13 14 15
1 16
3
2
6 6
17

7 8 9 10 11

1 BACKWORD Shift
System ON
11 (referred to patient)
2 11 FORWORD Shift
System READY
(referred to patient)
3 PROGRAM number
X-ray emission 12 1 through 7 for PAN,
8 through 10 for CEPH
SHIFT
4 PROGRAM Selection 13 rotating arm in mm
PATIENT build: small, Collimator: PAN A,
5 medium, large, very large 14 PAN B, CEPH
15
INCREASE
6 ALARM or ERROR;
/DECREASE: kV (left),
consult documentation
mA (right)
X-ray Indicator
MOVEMENT in se-
7 16 (Ionizing Radiation
quence /initialization
Emission)
LIGHT beams: LASER 17 X-RAY control button
8 beams on (30 s)
9 TEST 18
UP movement
without radiation
10 BACK to patient entrance 19 DOWN movement
position /Alarm Reset

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2.3 Tools for System Verification

These tools are provided on request and have to be
ordered.
 Needles phantom to check the panoramic projec-
tion which is used mounted on the chin rest.
 Alignment plate.
 Phosphor plate X-ray detector for analog systems
to check the radiation beam on the image recep-
tor.

 Here below the marking of the left (L) side

indicators on the lower edge of the intensify-
ing phosphor screen, X-ray tube side.

EXTERNAL SIDE

PANORAMIC CASSETTE 15X30

WITH INTENSIFYING SCRRENS

TUBE SIDE

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3. BASIC INSTALLATION
3.1 Room Preparation
Room Width for Pan Ceph
240 cm / 95 inch

Column
to Wall
85 cm
33 inch
Room
Depth
150 cm
59 inch
Room-
minimum Height
110 cm 225 cm
44 inch 89 inch

140 cm / 55 inch
Room Width for Pan Solo
A visit to the installation site has to be planned to prepare the room.
 Minimum room size:
 Pan Solo: cm 140x110x225 (inch 55x44x89)
 Pan Ceph: cm 240x110x225 (inch 95x44x89)
 Wall support at 210 cm (82” 11/16) from the floor.
 The use of self standing base requires that the same be secured to the
floor with adequate bolts.
 Electrical issues:
 The connection to the mains line has to be intercepted by a safety switch
to disconnect the equipment from the mains when needed.
 The connection to the mains line has to be made on the wall just on the
left side of the column at about 80 cm (31”) from the floor.
 In case of need the exposure hand-switch can be placed remotely using a
4 wire cable (kit for remote mounting is available).
 Radiation Protection.
 The system is equipped with lead barriers to cut residual radiation. Addi-
tional shielding to the walls is depending on local regulations.

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3.2 Unpacking
A Packaging Size and Weight
System Column Ceph Standing
Overhead Arm Base
Width 120 cm / 47” 240 cm / 95” 150 /60” 120 cm / 47”
Depth 80 / 32” 30 cm / 12” 60 cm / 24” 100 cm
Heigth 60 cm / 24” 36 cm / 14” 60 cm / 24” 20 cm / 8”

B Unpack the components and check the following:

 Each item is in good condition and did not suffer damages during transporta-
tion.
 All the items for the specific configuration are available.
C Mounting steps are listed below:
 Prepare the column.
 Attach the optional self standing base if in the configuration.
 Slide the overhead assembly on the column.
 Raise the column with overhead assembly.
 Secure the column to the wall or alternatively secure the self standing base
to the floor (MANDATORY).
 Complete the installation with accessories and perform connection to the
mains line.

A detailed description of the mounting steps follows.

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3.3 Assembling the column

MOTOR CABLES

FRONT DOWN SAFETY PIN

HOLDING PLATE

CARRIAGE FRONT UP FOOT

INSERTION

SAFETY PIN

Take the body of the column out of the package and lay it
down front up on two wooden blocks.
Verify the presence of 2 safety pins.
In case the self standing base has to be mounted remove the
foot and fix the base with 6 bolts M 10x25.
LEVEL ADJUSTMENTS

FLOOR SECURING POINTS

Loosen for 10 mm the parking screws of the holding plate
Slide in the carriage (body of the system) carefully.
Fix the holding plate on the back of the vertical carriage using the 2 spacing
blocks and the 4 bolts M8x35 provided.
Tighten the parking screws for extra support while raising the system.

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3.4 Erecting the system

 The wall holder has to be mounted at 210 cm
(82” 11/16) from the floor.
 The room on the right side necessary for the
operator to enter is of about 85 cm (34”). from
mid plane of the column.
 Fix the wall holder to the wall by proper
screws.
 Steel or nylon anchors for solid concrete or solid bricks
 Anchors for wood on wooden walls
 Chemical anchors for perforated bricks
 The sizes of the core of the bolts are listed below.
 In case the wall is not in condition to withstand the indicated load, the
adoption of reinforcing plates and connection with bolts through the wall
can be considered.
 Raise the system and bring the column close to the wall holder.
Next fix the column to the wall holder with the two M 8x20 screws without
tightening.
 Assure proper leveling of the column preventing left or right, forward or
backward tilting. When leveling is fine, tighten the bolts.
 The same type of bolts can be used to secure the self standing base to the
floor.
Recommended Screws
Diameter Class Core Section mm2
M 8X1.25 ISO 8.8 36.6
M 8X1 ISO 8.8 39.2
5/16” – 18 UNC SAE- Grade 5 33.8
5/16 –24 UNF SAE- Grade 5 37.41

INSUFFICIENT WALL OR HARDWARE STRENGHT MAY CAUSE

THE WALL HOLDER TO PULL OUT FROM THE WALL AND THE
FULL SYSTEM TO FALL ON TO THE
PATIENT OR THE OPERATOR CAUSING INJURIES.

INSUFFICIENT FLOOR OR HARDWARE STRENGHT MAY CAUSE

THE SELF STANDING BASE TO PULL OUT FROM THE FLOOR
AND THE FULL SYSTEM TO FALL ON TO THE
PATIENT OR THE OPERATOR CAUSING INJURIES.

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3.5 Cover removal

Remove:
 Top cover to have access to mains supply board
 Mirror cover, to have access to vertical displacement motor drive board on
the left side and for main connection board on the right side

3.6 Carriage Release

One transport bracket is
mounted on the top of the
unit to prevent the move- TRANSPORT
ment of carriage during BRACKET
transportation and has to
be removed before switch-
ing the system ON.
TRANSPORT
BRACKET

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3.7 Ceph Arm

 Cephalometric version requires the
Ceph arm on the left side of the col-
umn.
 Additional weight to be added to the
basic counterweight to balance.
The additional weight is delivered
loose and has to be assembled with
the existing counterweight. CEPH
 Once the column with the panoramic ARM
overhead assembly has been raised
and has been secured to the wall or
to the floor, the Ceph arm can be
bolted to the holding plate on the
back of the vertical carriage using
the 4 screws M8x16 and washers
supplied.
 Cephalostat, cassette holder, accesso-
ries and covers have to be mounted
too.

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3.8 Electrical installation

A Mains voltage configuration

PLUG ON LEFT SIDE FOR 115 V PLUG ON RIGHT SIDE FOR 230 V

The system is delivered with voltage selector

jumper and fuses NOT mounted. The system has
to be configured to work at 115 or 230 V depend-
ing on local mains line voltage. Access to the
F 501 Power Supply Unit placed on top of vertical car-
riage and to the right side of the body behind the
mirror is required. Refer to section 7.1, Plastic
HANDSWITCH
and Metal Covers, at page 38 for cover removal
SOCKET  Remove Vertical Upper Top cover, metal shield
on Power Supply Unit and mirror cover.
 115 V configuration:
 jumper on left side: MAINS CABLE SUP-
PORTING GUIDE
 3.15 AT on FU303
 16 AT on F501
 230 V configuration:
 jumper on left side:
 1.6 AT on FU303
 8 AT on F501
 Common to 115 V and
230 V fuses rated 6.3 AF
on FU304 and FU305

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B Connection to Mains
 Proper cabling to be in place in the room for connection to the mains.
 Connection to be made behind the column at 40 inches (about 100 cm) from
the floor, with cable free to move up and down with the carriage.
 Mount the supporting guide for the mains cable.
 Perform polarity check to make sure that the “live” wire is actually the “hot”
one connected to the mains fuse:
 Turn “OFF”. the mains room switch and system mains switch
 Connect an AC voltmeter between the “fuse contact” and “ground”.
 Turn “ON” the mains room switch and system mains switch.
If full line voltage is measured the wiring is correct.
If not, turn “OFF” the mains room switch and system mains switch, re-
verse “live in” and “neutral in” wires, then repeat measurement.
Eventually the full line voltage is read between the “live” point on the
fuse contact and “ground”.
Line wires are either colored or numbered for easier identification.
The wire connected to the fuse contact has to be the “live” one.
 Make sure no voltage is read between the “neutral” wire and “ground”. If
not check line voltage distribution.
 Turn “OFF” the mains room switch and system mains switch
 Connect the power supply cable to the mains line block, permanently
 Apply fuse label for selected mains voltage close to the mains fuse holder or
check the applicable box on the existing label
 Be ready to turn “ON” the mains room switch and system mains switch to
supply the system when needed.
C Exposure Hand-Switch
 Connect the exposure hand-switch plug into the
relevant socket on the right side on the vertical
carriage.
 In case of use of remote hand-switch disconnect
the coiled cord of the hand-switch and connect
the extension cable (4 wires cable).

YELLOW LIGHT

EXPOSURE HAND-
SWITCH CABLE EXPOSURE
PUSHBUTTON

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D Connection of motor for vertical movement

 Remove the 5 screws of the white rail on the left

side and slide it apart (communications cables are
F MOT FUSE connected at bottom for digital units)
 Mount the limit switches using a 0.5 mm spacer to
fix them at proper distance.
 Place back the white rail.
XD7  Verify presence
of the fuse
XD4 F MOT at top,
4 AT size 5x20.
 Connect the limit WHITE RAIL
switches
to XD7
 Connect the motor
supply cable
XD2 to XD2
 Connect the motor
encoder cable LIMIT
to XD4 SWITCHES

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3.9 Mode Setting

The dip switches on top of Control Unit board are set during manufacturing to
match the system configuration as indicated above.

To complete the configuration of Pan Ceph versions the applicable Ceph image
formats are defined with a specific Service Function.
The jumper for the signal of the temperature sensor has to be in place.

DIP 1 DIP 2
0 OFF ANALOG 0 OFF PAN CEPH
1 ON DIGITAL 1 ON PAN SOLO

DIP 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 - 7- 8
0 OFF

JUMPER FOR SIGNAL

OF THERMAL SENSOR

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4. ACCEPTANCE TEST
4.1 System Test
A Switching System On
 The unit connected to the mains is
turned ON with the switch below the
chin support body.
 Initialization is performed with count-
down on the display.
 “Do Reset” is required. Press
START Arm or EXPOSURE MAINS
push button to reset the system. SWITCH

B Positioning the Carriage

 By pressing the UP or DOWN keys it is possible to adjust the vertic-
al carriage at proper position.
 By pressing the LEFT or RIGHT displacement key, the rotating
carriage is shifted forward or backward respectively
C Aiming Lights
Three LASER beams are generated as aiming light for patient alignment..

WARNING. DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM OR VIEW DIRECT-

LY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
 Press the LAMP push-
button on the keyboard to MIDSAGITTAL
test the aiming lights. LIGHT SOURCE
 Three laser beams are gen-
erated:
 Midsgittal vertical line,
 Frankfurt horizontal line
 Lateral vertical line FRANKFURT
LIGHT
(focal trough).
 The lights go off after 30 s.
LATERAL LINE

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4.2 Radiation Check in Panoramic Mode

 On Pan Ceph systems make sure the tube-head is rotated in favor of the pa-
noramic cassette and select collimator for Standard Adult Panoramic.
 Activate the service function for test of radiation.
 Place the phosphor plate on the secondary collimating window on the cas-
sette holder
 Keep the room dark to see the marked lines. Watch the light of the beam
from below the X-ray generator, at a convenient distance and with proper
radiation shielding.
 Select the Service Function X-Ray Test /Continue
 Activate test of radiation at 70 kV and 6.3 mA
 Expose for few seconds. The irradiated field has to be symmetric to the ver-
tical median line of the detector, and has to fall in between the upper and
lower horizontal marks.
 For corrections of Panoramic field deviations refer to section 7.6, Replace-
ment of Tube Housing Assembly, at page 44 and following.

4.3 Radiation Check in Cephalometric Mode

 Enable Service Function Tarature Ceph
 Select Ceph Mode by rotating the tube-head towards the Cephalostat
 Values of 61 kV and 5 mAs are usually adequate for checking the beam us-
ing regular films.
 Select the AP collimator (18x24S or 8x10S on display)
 Place a loaded cassette on the cassette holder in the AP position (18x24S or
8x10S).
 Rotate the Cephalostat with ear supports directed along the beam and
opened to the maximum extent.
 Expose and check (1) the alignment of the exposed area on the film (unex-
posed edges should be seen all around the picture) and (2) that the ear sup-
ports for side radiographs (LL projection) are aligned.
 For corrections of Cephalometric field deviations refer to section 7.6.

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5. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
5.1 Block Diagram
 The mains line is connected to the terminal block on the right side of the
Vertical Carriage. The mains power is fed to the Power Supply Unit located
on top of the unit.
 Supply and signal conductors bring power from the Power Supply Unit to
the Power Switching Unit located in the rotating carriage. The power supply
board is providing necessary low voltages to feed the circuits.
Two auxiliary circuits are specifically dedicated to the laser lights and the
electric brakes.
 The power switching unit is connected to the tube-head and to the Regula-
tion Unit with a flat cable.
 The Regulation Unit is located above the control panel, which is a part of the
system control unit.
 The system control unit drives the control panel, the power regulator and the
motors making use of the information from the position sensors.

DUAL POWER POWER TUBE-HEAD

SUPPLY SWITCHING X-RAY GEN-
115/230 V ERATOR
MAINS
POWER X-RAY
EMISSION
LASER
REGULATOR KV & mA
LIGHTS
FEEDBACK

MOTOR
FOR VERTICAL CONTROL
PANEL
TRANSLATION

X-RAY
PUSHBUTTON
ROTATION FONA XPan

CARRIAGE
TRANSLATION
SYSTEM
CONTROL
SENSOR POSITION UNIT

CASSETTE TRANSLATION

SENSOR POSITION

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5.2 Mains Connection Module

The mains connection module is MAINS
placed on the right side of the unit, FUSE
behind the mirror cover. F 501
On the left side of the board the
supply line which goes up to the dual
voltage supply board via fuse F501,
varistors, EMI filter and the low vol-
tage transformer.
On the right side of the board XC503
 the contacts for the external signal
lights (system ON and X-ray ON),
 the contacts for the door switch,
 the connector XC503 for the X-ray
pushbutton (actual X-ray switch on CONTACTS
wires 3 and 4). FOR DOOR
SWITCH
 the block for low voltage distribution
at top
EXTERNAL LIGHT
X-RAY ON

EXTERNAL LIGHT
SYSTEM ON

MAINS INPUT

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5.3 Power Supply Unit

LOW VOLTAGE MAINS

TRAFO FILTER

MAINS
INPUT

FU 303

PLUG ON THE
RIGHT SIDE
FOR 230V
OUTPUT
LEFT SIDE
FOR 115V

FU 304 FU 305
CONNECTORS FOR
ADDITIONAL X-RAY
EXPOSURE LIGHTS
At installation the unit can be set to work at 115 or 230 V with insertion of con-
figuration plug and fuses (see table below). Mains power is fed via the EMI fil-
ter to the low voltage transformer and via the relay to the line voltage rectifier.
The stabilized voltages of +15V, +24V and non-stabilized of +38V are generat-
ed. Specific low voltages are available for the motor for vertical displacement
and for the laser lights.
During the preparation phase (filament heating) a signal from the control unit
causes the relay to close. During exposure the mains voltage rectified is con-
nected to the Power Switching Unit. The yellow light on the exposure hand-
switch (push button) and the buzzer are activated too.
System Fuses
Fuse Code Use 230 V Version 115 V Version
F 501 Mains Power Input 8 AT 16 AT
FU 303 Low Voltage Circuit 1.6 AT 3.15 AT
FU 304 Output Power to Switching 6.3 AF 6.3 AF
FU 305 Output Power to Switching 6.3 AF 6.3 AF
F MOT Column Motor Driver fuse 4 AT 4 AT
The equipment is protected by fuse F 501 (input power from mains), lo-
cated on the top part of the mains connection module, on the right side of
the vertical carriage.

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The circuit of the low voltage transformer is protected by fuse FU 303.
The Output Power circuit (to the Power Switching Unit) is connected by
fuses FU 304 and FU 305

5.4 Column Motor Driver Board

The column motor driver board supplies the motor for vertical movement of the
carriage. The speed which is initially low is increased for long travels. Limit
switches at top and at bottom contain the displacement.

LED 8 F MOT
POWER ON FUSE

XD8
RESERVED XD1
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
XD3 25.5 VAC
MOTOR ENABLE

XD4 LED SW-T

MOTOR ENCODER LED SW-B

XD7
LED TOP & BOTTOM
MOTOR ENABLE LIMIT
MICRO SWITCHES
XD5 & XD6
UP & DOWN UPPER LED
PUSHBUTTONS ERR-ENC
LEFT / RIGHT SIDE ENCODER
ERROR
UPPER LED
UP
PUSHBUTTON LOWER LED
PRESSED ERR-T
TEMPERATURE
ERROR
LOWER LED
DOWN
PUSHBUTTON
PRESSED

XD2
MOTOR SUPPLY

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The connectors on the column motor driver board refer to:
 XD1: Supply voltage 25.5 VAC.
Top position for yellow-green ground wire connection.
 XD2: Motor supply (to be connected at system assembly)
 XD3: Motor enable
 XD4: Motor encoder (to be connected at system assembly)
 XD5: Up and down pushbuttons
 XD6: Up and down pushbuttons
 XD7: Top and bottom limit micro-switches (to be connected at system as-
sembly)
 XD8: Reserved.

The LED lights on the column motor driver board indicate:

 LED 8: power supply ON
 LED SW-T: ON when top micro-switch is engaged with carriage at top
 LED SW-B: ON when bottom micro-switch is engaged with carriage at bot-
tom
 LED MOTOR ENABLE: ON when the rotating arm is in patient entry or
patient exit position
 LED UP
 LED DOWN
 LED ERR-ENC: Encoder error ON for 30 s when no movement is detected
 LED ERR-T: ON when motor temperature exceeds 75°C.

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5.5 Power Switching & Regulation Unit

RP 103
TRIMMER
SA101
mA
TEST
POINT 300 VDC
FDB INPUT

REGULATION
SECTION CONTROL OF
GROUND HIGH VOLTAGE
RP 104 GENERATION
TRIMMER
FDB
CONTROL OF
FILAMENT
SUPPLY

OUTPUT
TO FILAMENT
TRANSFORMER OUTPUT TO HV
TEST TRANSFORMER
POINT
KV & mA

The power switching and regulation unit module is divided in three parts: on
the left side the circuits for the control of the filament supply, on the right side
the circuits for high voltage generation and in the middle the regulation section.
 During preparation and exposure the rectified mains voltage (300 VDC) is
fed into the unit.
 Pulses with a frequency of 80 kHz pass to the filament regulator driver. The
output voltage depends on the duty cycle of the driving pulses.
 Feedback from the regulator output is fed to the regulation unit.
 Pulses with the frequency of 40 kHz pass to the filament inverter driver.
Output of the inverter goes to the filament transformer in the tube-head.
 The inverter current is sensed by a dedicated resistor and the signal is fed to
the regulation unit.
 During preparation, the pulses with the frequency of 20 kHz pass to the
High Voltage (HV) inverter driver.
During exposure the pulses pass also to the HV regulator driver.
The output voltage of the regulator depends on the duty cycle of the driving
pulses.

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 Feedback from the regulator output is fed via the opto-coupler to the regula-
tion unit.
 Output of the inverter is connected to the HV transformer in the tube-head.
The inverter current is sensed by a current transformer and relevant informa-
tion passed to the regulation unit.

The purpose of the regulation section is to control the level of the technique
factors kV and mA by checking the feedback signals coming from the tube-
head, and comparing them with the reference signals set by the control unit.
The necessary information is passed to the voltage regulators.
 The level of the anode voltage (kV) is controlled by acting on the input vol-
tage to the high voltage transformer (tube-head).
 The level of the anode current (mA) is controlled by acting on the filament
supply.
 Calibration is required only for the part controlling the filament (and there-
fore the resulting anode current in mA) and has to be performed every time
either the tube-head, or the power switching with the regulation unit itself is
replaced.
 Calibration of the kV level is done automatically by the control unit.
 The Switch SA101 ON during calibration, on OFF for normal use.

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5.6 Control Unit

The control unit represents the heart of the system.

 It controls input from the operator, to set up the system when selecting prop-
er technique factors and type of projection, and output and control of X-ray
emission and mechanical movements during exposure.
 A number of error messages is handled to react to improper commands or to
signal non correct or unsafe working conditions.
 More in detail:
 Driving motors for carriage rotation and carriage translation during the
execution of panoramic projections.
 Driving motors for cassette on analog systems.
 Digital Sensor synchronization for digital systems.
 Analog inputs for supply voltage control (38 V).
 Analog output for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control of high vol-
tage (kV) and filament current (resulting in mA control).
 Digital output for X-ray on and heating alarm off.
 Reset DRK. By keeping pressed the PLUS and the MINUS keys on
the left side for 5 seconds a reset is performed of the control unit board.

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5.7 Tube-Housing Assembly

FEEDBACK
INTERFACE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

 Power for high voltage generation is

supplied through points 4 and 5. High
voltage is generated by means of a
transformer plus a cascade multiplier.
 Filament supply is given through points
2 and 3. The X-ray tube filament is
supplied by a dedicated transformer.
 The feedback signals of both the anode
voltage (point 6 to kV point on the
feedback interface board) and the anode
current (point 1 to mA point on the
feedback interface board) are supplied
to the regulation unit.
 A sensor is available to generate a tem-
perature feedback (7) handled by the
control unit, to inhibit X-ray emission
when the temperature is out of limit.

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6. SERVICE FUNCTIONS
By keeping pressed the RETURN key for 5 s the system enters Service
Mode. Service function can be selected with plus and minus keys on
the right side of the display.
Functions of the other buttons are:

(TEST) to exit service menu.

(RETURN) to go back to the beginning of the service menu.
(PLUS on the right side of the display) to select the service function.
(MINUS on the right side of the display) to select the service function.
(PROGRAM) to enter selected program. Keep pressed to store the cur-
rent value (not valid in “Exposure Setting” where the LASER key is
used instead ).
(START Arm Movement) to start some service functions.

Service Functions appear as listed below when scrolling downward with the
MINUS key.
Functions for Ceph mode appear only for systems configured as such (refer to
section 3.9, Mode Setting, at page 20).

Service Functions
1 PAN Calibration
2 Languages
3 Ceph Formats (Ceph only)
4 Tube Head Statistics
5 Exposure Settings
6 Battery Change
7 Software Info
8 Cam Setting
9 Thermal Setting
10 Keyboard Test
11 Leds
12 Automatic Test
13 X-ray Test
14 Encoders Test
15 Voltages Test
16 Calibration CEPH (Ceph only)

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6.1 Pan Calibration (Offset Values)

The program is intended to perform mechanical alignment of the machine and
compensate for mechanical tolerances.
WARNING. The determination of the Offset values must be performed
in sequence: Axe Cassette (not for digital systems), Axe Rotation, and
Axe X.
 AXE CASSETTE to set the offset value for cassette movement
 AXE ROTATION to set the offset value for rotation movement
 AXE X to set the offset value for X-axis movement (forward direction is
moving towards column and backward direction is far from column)
For further information on parameters’ changes refer to Technical Service.

6.2 Languages
The function allows for the selection of the proper language for the messages
on the display among English, Italian, French, Spanish, German, and 3 availa-
ble slots. The list is scrolled with the PLUS or the MINUS keys, then
selection is done with the PROGRAM key.

6.3 Ceph Formats

The function is intended to set the formats of Ceph collimators.
This function can be accessed when the dip number 2 of Control Board is in
Pan/Ceph position and allows for selection of configurations.
 Ceph Mode on Analog System (Dip Switch 1 to OFF):
 Metric 18x24 cm (vertical)
 Inches 8x10” (vertical)
 Inches 10x8” (horizontal)
 Ceph Mode on Digital System (Dip Switch 1 to ON):
 Digital type A: 24x24 cm (10x10”)
The value displayed is set during manufacturing and in case the need for
change arises please refer to Technical Service.

6.4 Tube Head Statistics

Press PROGRAM to enter. The number of exposures panoramic (P), cepha-
lometric (C), and Total (T) is displayed.

6.5 Exposure Setting

Values of technique factors for each patient type (4 patient builds) can be set by
changing kV and mA in panoramic mode (programs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 separate

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from program 2 – 8 positions) or kV and mAs values in Ceph mode (programs
8, 9, and 10 separate – 12 positions).
Keep pressed the LASER key to store the selected value.
The TEST key to reset all values to default conditions.
RETURN key and TEST key to exit.
6.6 Battery Change
This function supports the replacement of the battery for the non volatile mem-
ory NVRAM on the control unit board with LCD display.
In case the need please refer to Technical Service.

6.7 Software Info

SOFTWARE INFO to retrieve the code of the version of software loaded into
the memory of the control unit.
Press the PROGRAM key to display the first level code of the loaded ver-
sion, and press a second time to get the second level code.

6.8 CAM Setting

mm 88-90 pixel 900-940

This function is used to align the panoramic projection with the bite block
and the lateral light by checking and setting the distance of the two pins of
the test phantom.
The current value of CAM Setting appears on display when entering this func-
tion. Set up is fine when the pin distance is of 89 +/- 1 mm (88-90) for film sys-
tems, 920 +/-20 pixels (900-940) for digital systems.
 mA MINUS key on the right, to increase the pin distance.
 mA PLUS key on the right, to decrease the pin distance.
Keep pressed the PATIENT key to store the value.

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6.9 Thermal Settings

Function to enable or disable the use of the thermal sensor and set the limit
temperature.
 First part: Enable / Disable
 Second part: Editor thermal values.
Refer to Technical Service in case of need. RETURN key to exit.

6.10 Key Buttons Test

TEST KEY function to display the code of the pushbutton key. The corres-
ponding codes are reported in the table below.

2sx 2sx 2dx 2dx 4 13 5 6 7 8 9 11

Keep RETURN key pressed to exit.

6.11 LED Test
Test LED to let all lights on the panel to blink and the display as well.
Use ARM MOVEMENT key to start

6.12 Automatic Cycling

Select FULL ROTATION to have the unit performing a number of panoramic
cycles according to the selected program, using the technique factors set before
entering the function.
A 100 PAN NO RX
Function to perform 100 panoramic movements without X-ray emission.
 Use ARM MOVEMENT key to start.
 Use EXPOSURE key on the hand-switch to terminate.

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B 10 PAN + RX
Function to perform rotation with radiation using the technique factors indi-
cated on the display, as set prior to entering service mode.
 Use EXPOSURE key on the hand-switch to start.
 Use ALARM RESET key to terminate.

6.13 Radiation Test

Select X-RAY TEST to perform irradiation without motion:
 PULSE mode (pre-defined time), by setting of kV and mAs.
 ALIGN X-Ray. To reproduce the beam shape on sensor.
 CONTINUOUS mode (time set by the operator), by setting kV and mA.
A Setting kV and mAs
kV and mAs at different mA values can be set within the defined ranges.

 To set kV use kV PLUS and MINUS keys on the left

kV 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85

 To set mA use mA PLUS and MINUS keys on the right

mA 4 6.3 8 10

 Once set the mA value, use LEFT and RIGHT keys to set mAs value
mAs 2 2.5 3.2 4 5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 20

 mAs can be set at different mA value

mAs
2 2.5 3.2 4 5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 20
mA
4 0.5 0.63 0.8 1.0 1.25 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.0 5.0
5 0.4 0.5 0.63 0.8 1.0 1.25 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.0
6.3 0.32 0.4 0.5 0.63 0.8 1.0 1.25 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.2
8 0.25 0.32 0.4 0.5 0.63 0.8 1.0 1.25 1.6 2.0 2.5
10 0.2 0.25 0.32 0.4 0.5 0.63 0.8 1.0 1.25 1.6 2.0

Irradiation can thus be obtained at different exposure times.

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B Setting kV and mA
 To set kV use kV PLUS and MINUS keys on the left
kV 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85

 To set mA use mA PLUS and MINUS keys on the right

mA 4 6.3 8 10

Irradiation can thus be obtained for the desired time.

WARNING. Wait for X-ray tube cool down after each exposure.
Cool down diagrams are reported on Appendix E.
5 min waiting time is required after each panoramic of 20 s exposure at 85
kV, 10 mA (about 13000 J).
6.14 Test position sensors
Select this function to perform test of position and motion sensors.
Control of the motion is done with LEFT and RIGHT keys.
 Axe Rotation.
 Axe Cassette.
 Axe X.

6.15 Test Voltages

TEST VOLTAGE to get indication of actual levels of low voltage supply at 38,
24, 15, and 5V with indication on the display.

6.16 Ceph Alignment

TARATURE CEPH to set manually the alignment position of the rotating arm
in cephalometric mode (angle of the rotation carriage).
The values displayed are set in manufacturing.
Please refer to Technical Service for possible changes.

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7. SERVICE PROCEDURES
7.1 Plastic and Metal Covers

A
F
B

E
K
G C D
H
L

I J
N

A Vertical Upper Top cover Two Allen screws on top and two on the back
B Vertical Upper Bottom cover Two Allen screws on the back and one in front
C Mirror Cover Four Allen screws on the back
D Display cover Two Phillips screws on top
E Two Phillips screws at bottom, tube head side
Driver Lower Cover Remove D, F, J, I, G, H
F Four Allen and four Phillips screws
Driver Upper Metal Cover
Remove D and G first
G Drive External Cover Two Phillips
H Four Phillips (in case of system with cassette
Sensor/Cassette Cover holder 2 Phillips in addition)
I Inner Tube Head Cover Two Phillips screws
J Outer Tube Head Cover Two Phillips screws
K Cephalostat Upper Cover Clamped. Pull upward to remove
L Cephalostat Lower Metal Cover Five Allen screws

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M
N

M Metal Shield on Power Supply Unit Two Phillips screws on top

N Metal Shield on Control Unit Four Phillips screws in front
O Metal Shield on Regulation Board Two Phillips screws at sides

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7.2 Replacement of Low Voltage Transformer

 Remove Vertical Upper Top Cover and Metal Shield on Power Supply (see
§ 7.1 at page 38).

PRIMARY SIDE SECONDARY SIDE

Ub S1
BLACK
BROWN
S2
WHITE S3
Nb
GREY
Ua S4
RED
ORANGE TF
BLUE
Na TF

LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

 The low voltage transformer

has two primary windings
which are combined to connect
to 115 or 230 V mains.
 The wires on primary side are
connected to XT301 on the
power supply following the in-
dicated colors.
 The orange wires on block
XT301 refer to the thermal
fuse (TF).
 The brown wires on secondary
side for 25.5 VAC 3.5 A low
voltage are connected to block
XT302.
 The grey wires on secondary
side for 25.5 VAC 4 A low
voltage are connected to the block XD1 on the column motor driver board.

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7.3 Replacement of Power Supply Board

XC301
XT301 XT302

XC308
VT303
XT305

TEST
15V
38V
24V

EXP
ZH
SA301

XC303 XC304 XC302

 Remove Vertical Upper Top Cover and Metal Shield on Power Supply
 XC305: input of mains voltage from output of mains filter
 XC303: 300 VDC output voltage to power switching unit
 XC304: exposure lights (24 VDC, used for digital ceph)
 XC302: multipole cable
 TEST 15, 38, 24: test point for low voltages 15, 24, and 38 VDC
 ZH: Filament supply signal
 EXP: Exposure signal
 XC301: Hand Switch connection with ground wire to XC302
 XC308: laser supply at – 3.1 V
 VT303: jumper to supply at 24 V
 SA301: ON for normal use, OFF to prevent exposures on demo units
 Perform filament calibration to compensate supply variances.

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7.4 Replacement of Control Unit Board

DISPLAY

CONNECTOR
CONTROL PANEL XC11 XC9

SERIAL XC12
MICROSWITCHES XC14
PORT FOR MODE SETTING XC10

JUMPER XC20
SIGNAL
THERMAL
MOTOR SENSOR XC18
X AXIS XC19
MOTOR MOTOR INPUT
ROTATION CASSETTE 38VDC

TO TO TO TO
XC5 XC6 XC7 OUTPUT XC101
 Remove Display Cover, Driver 38VDC
Upper Metal Cover and Metal Shield on
Regulation Board, unlock the control unit module, swing it out open and
remove Metal Shield on Control Unit.
 Disconnect all the cables, mount the new control unit board, and then con-
nect back all the cables as indicated.
 Configure the unit with mode setting (see § 3.9 at page 20).
 New firmware to be uploaded with the loading tool via the serial port and
null modem cable.
Code of loaded software can be read with service function.
 Load Rotation and Translation Offset values for panoramic.
 Load CAM setting value.
 Load Rotation and Translation Offset values for Ceph mode.
 Perform connections of cables as indicated.

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7.5 Replacement of
Power Switching and Regulation Unit Board
XC101 XC203 XC201

XC204

XT202 XT201

 Remove Display Cover (D), Driver Upper Metal Cover (F), unlock the con-
trol unit module, swing it out open.
 XC201: 300VDC power supply to HV converter
 XC202: Flat cable from/to regulation board
 XC203: Multiple cable
 XC204: 38VDC supply to digital sensor
 XT201: Supply to HV transformer in the Tube Housing Assembly
 XT202: Filament supply (ZH1, ZH2) and feedback signals (mA, kV)
 Disconnect all the cables and replace the board
 Filament calibration is required.

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7.6 Replacement of Tube Housing Assembly

The procedure includes:
 Hardware replacement
 Filament calibration
 Beam alignment for Pan Solo systems
 Beam alignment for Pan Ceph systems
A Hardware replacement
 Remove Display Cover, Driver Upper Metal Cover, Metal Shield on Regu-
lation Board, unlock the control unit module, swing it out open and remove
Metal Shield on Power Switching Board (see § 7.1 at page 38).
 Disconnect all wires of the Tube Housing Assembly (THA) from the Power
Switching & Regulation Unit (PSWRU) and ground wire from the frame.
 Filament Supply (two wires: ZH1, ZH2)
 Ground connection (GND)
 mA feedback (mA)
 kV feedback (kV)
 TER Thermal Sensor
 High Voltage Supply (two wires plus ground : UN1, UN2, GND)
 Dismount the tube housing assembly THA and mount the new one.
 Connect the wires to the PSWRU.

FEEDBACK POWER SWITCHING & REGULATION UNIT

SIGNALS
FILAMENT kV & mA
SUPPLY

THERMAL
SENSOR HIGH VOLTAGE
TER SUPPLY

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B Filament Calibration
This calibration is required every time a Tube Housing Assembly or a Power
Switching and Regulation Unit is replaced.

RP 103
TRIMMER
SA101
mA
TEST
POINT
FDB

GROUND RP 104
TRIMMER
FDB
mA
TEST POINT

kV
TEST POINT

WARNING: wait for cooling time between one exposure and the other.
Make sure the DC voltmeter to be used is calibrated
 Enter Service program “X-RAY TEST”, “CONTINUE” mode.
 Set the anodic voltage to 61 kV and anodic current to 10 mA.
 Switch to ON both switches SA101.
 Monitor the voltage to Ground and mA point.
 Tune trimmer RP103 (mA) for 6V during exposure.
 Switch to OFF both switches SA101.
If this procedure is done after replacement of a Power Switching and Regu-
lation Unit, the feedback signal (FDB) has to be calibrated too:
 Monitor the voltage to Ground and FDB test point.
 Set the anodic voltage to 85 kV and anodic current to 10 mA.
 Tune trimmer RP104 (FDB) for 10V during exposure.
 Exit Service Program “X-RAY TEST CONTINUE” mode (return key).

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C Panoramic Field Check for film systems

 Shoot X-ray, by using Service function “X-RAY TEST – CONTINUE
mode” at 70 kV. The room should be dark enough to be able to see the
marked lines. Watch the light of the beam from below the X-ray generator,
at a convenient distance and with proper radiation shielding. Always wait
for cooling time between one exposure and the other.
 Check the beam for rotation UP UP UP

and align it to be vertical by

loosening the three screws
around the body of the colli-
mator.
 The irradiated field in vertical
height must stay between the
upper and lower lines. Align
it using the screws on the col-
limator.
 The irradiated field must be
symmetrical in relation to the
central line of the radiation
detector. If not, a horizontal
shift has to be done by unlocking the tube head and acting on the shift tuning
screw for side movements.

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D Panoramic Beam Vertical Shift

 Both on a Pan Solo or on Pan Ceph system the vertical correction of the
beam is obtained by shifting the supporting plate of the collimator.
 Pan Solo Vertical Alignment: Loosen the 4 screws of the collimator
move it up or down then tighten the screws to block it again.
 Pan Ceph Vertical Alignment: select the Adult Pan slit, release the block-
ing screws of the holding support then move up or down the holding cy-
linder. At the end tighten all the screws loosen.
E Panoramic Beam Horizontal Shift
 Both on a Pan Solo or on Pan Ceph system the horizontal correction of the
beam is obtained by shifting on the left or on the right the tube housing as-
sembly by loosening the 4 screws holding it.
A shift tuning screw is available to fine tune the position.

SUPPORTING PLATE

SHIFT
TUNING
SCREW

COLLIMATOR
HOLDING
SCREWS

 Select the AP collimator

(18x24S or 8x10S on display)
 Place a loaded cassette on the cassette holder in the AP position.
 Rotate the Cephalostat with ear supports along the beam and opened to the
maximum extent.
 Expose and check (1) the alignment of the exposed area on the film (unex-
posed edge should be seen all around the picture) and (2) that the ear sup-
ports for side radiographs (LL projection) are aligned.

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F Correction of Ceph Field Deviations

 Deviations in vertical direction are corrected by raising or lowering the Ce-
phalostat by acting on the leverage screw on the mounting plate
 Horizontal deviations are corrected fine tuning of the angle of the rotation
carriage by means of the service function.
G Ear Plugs Horizontal Shift

The shift of the inner (smaller) ring HORIZONTAL

to the right is obtained by loosen- TUNING SCREW
ing the horizontal tuning screw
over the cephalostat .
H Ear Plugs Vertical Shift

VERTICAL
TUNING SCREW

The raise of the inner (closer) ring

is obtained by loosening the vertic-
al tuning screw.
I Ceph Soft Tissue Filters
Two positions for Latero Lateral (LL) exposures with soft tissue filter.
The actual position of the copper filter can be adjusted to the desired extent for
Adult (A1) or Child (A2) by loosening the blocking screws.
The following table indicates typical distance of copper filters at center.
Collimator Type Format Measure (mm)
cm 18x24 A1 7.8
cm 18x24 A2 6.8
inch 10x8 A1 13
inch 10x8 A2 12

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7.7 Replacement of Position Sensors

The procedure comprises:
 Sensor module description
 Position Sensor for rotating arm rotation
 Position sensor for rotating arm translation
 Position Sensor for Pan Ceph disk collimator
A Electro-Optical Sensors
The sensors to monitor the movement of the
rotation carriage are made of three electro-
optical devices on a small board.
Each one sensor is made of a light source
(light emitting diode) and of a device sensitive
to light (photo-transistor).
The presence of light detected by the photo-
transistor, or the absence of the same due to a
non transparent object intersecting the beam of
light, define two conditions. C
In the side picture A, B, and C are the posi- B
tions where the three sensors are located. A
Using a plate with proper profile we can gen-
erate 3 sets of signals depending on presence
or absence of light for the 3 sensors.
In order to generate the necessary movement
signals for the rotating carriage a metal disk is
used with shaped external profile and a full set
of small holes to interact with the sensitive
area of the sensors.
 Sensor A intercepts both the beginning and
the end of the movement.
 Sensor B intercepts the intermediate point
of the movement (mid-rotation or mid-
translation).
 Sensor C is aligned with the sequence of
holes to generate pulse signals during the
movement.

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ROTATION
SENSOR
XC10

XC9 TRANSLATION
SENSOR

B Replacement of Position Sensor Rotation

 Switch the system OFF
 Remove Vertical Upper Top Cover (see § 7.1 at page 38).
 Disconnect connector XC9 (rotation).
 Remove the two holding screws and replace the sensor module.
 Align the electro optical device (A) on to the holes of the encoder disk.
 Place back connector XC9 and switch the unit ON.
 Enter Service Menu TEST SENSOR (see § 6.14 at page 37) and select AXE
ROTATION.
 Verify the OFFSET value to be correct and in case load new value.
 Record date of change and new offset value.
C Replacement of Position Sensors for Translation
 Switch the system OFF
 Remove Vertical Upper Top Cover (see § 7.1 at page 38).
 Disconnect connector XC10 (translation).
 Remove the two holding screws and replace the sensor module.
 Align the electro optical device (A) on to the holes of the linear guide.
 Place back connector XC10 and switch the unit ON.
 Enter Service Menu TEST SENSOR (see § 6.14 at page 37) and select AXE
X.
 Verify the OFFSET value to be correct and in case load new value.

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D Replacement of Position Sensors

for Pan Ceph Collimator
 Turn the system OFF.
 Remove Display Cover (D), Driver
Upper Metal Cover (F).
 Disengage tube head rotation by
removing the blocking pin or the 4
blocking screws.
 Rotate the tube head to remove the
cover screws on left and right BLOCKING PIN
sides.
 Remove the Inner Tube Head Cov-
er (I).
 Remove the Knob of Frankfurt
Light and remove Outer Tube Head COVER SCREWS RIGHT SIDE
Cover (J).

 Remove the two screws holding the

position sensor and replace it

 Put back the blocking pin or the 4

blocking screws
 Turn the system ON for test and COVER SCREWS LEFT SIDE
sensor alignment.
 Once set proceed in reverse order
to put back covers.

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8. ALARM MESSAGES
8.1 Warning Messages
Warning messages inform about the occurrence of certain events which might
require the user to operate.
A Low Battery
The internal battery is generating low voltage and needs to be replaced in about
one month from first warning message.
B X-ray generator high temperature
The system is cooling down and the requested exposure would exceed the load-
ing capacity. Wait until ready.
C CAM init
Wait for system to complete initialization until ready.
D Adjust Arm Position
 The rotation arm was moved out of position with unit switched OFF and
cannot be initialized.
 Turn the system OFF.
 Place manually the arm in “patient entrance” position by rotating and shift-
ing the carriage slowly.
 Turn system ON and perform initial reset.
E Wait PC ready
The communication line to the computer is missing or the application program
is not in acquisition mode. Perform necessary correction.
This warning message is not active in test mode (service functions).

8.2 Error Messages

In the following indications are given on possible corrective actions in relation
to the error messages generated or other abnormal situations.
A Error 1 kV reference signal out of range
Measure the voltage value at test point 11 (reference kV, 10 kV/V from 6.1 to
8.5 V) on the Regulation board. Replace the Control Unit if the signal is not
corresponding to the display setting.
B Error 2 mA reference signal out of range
Measure the voltage value at test point 12 (reference mA, 1 V/mA from 4 to 10
V) on the Regulation board. Replace the Control Unit if the signal is not cor-
responding to the display setting.

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C Error 3 Carriage rotation encoder failure

Position sensor to be replaced or aligned.
D Error 4 Carriage displacement encoder failure
Position sensor to be replaced or aligned.
E Error 5 Carriage rotation sensor failure
Position sensor to be replaced or aligned.
F Error 6 Carriage displacement sensor failure
Position sensor to be replaced or aligned.
G Error 7 Cassette displacement sensor failure
Check the micro-switch on the cassette carriage and align or replace it.
H Error 9 Tube-head temperature exceeding limit
If the tube-head is at high temperature wait for it to cool down.
I Error 11 Exposure aborted during irradiation
This is usually a consequence of the “dead man functionality” which terminates
irradiation upon release of the exposure hand-switch. In case the error appeared
without specific request by the operator a malfunction could be present in the
cable of the hand-switch, in its connector or in the Control Unit itself. Fix or
replace accordingly.
J Error 12 Exposure aborted before irradiation
This is usually a consequence of the “dead man functionality” which terminates
irradiation upon release of the exposure hand-switch. This error is generated by
interruption during movement before irradiation. In case the error appeared
without specific request by the operator a malfunction could be present in the
cable of the hand-switch, in its connector or in the Control Unit itself. Fix or
replace accordingly.
K Error 13 38 V DC supply out of range
Verify the actual voltage readout with service function “Test Voltages”. If val-
ue is lover than 32 V check for proper mains voltage supply and raise it with
mains transformer, if low.
In case no voltage is detected, the power supply board might or the control unit
for value readout might be defective. Replace accordingly.
Check also the integrity of the connecting cables.
L Error 14 24 V DC supply out of range
Check the value with a volt meter on the test point of the Power Supply Board
and replace it if the value is out of the range 23to 25 V. Conversely, if the elec-
trical value is in the range, with the service function “Test Voltages” verify on

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the display the abnormal readout of the control unit and replace it in case.
Check also the integrity of the connecting cables.
M Error 15 15 V DC supply out of range
Check the value with a volt meter on the test point of the Power Supply Board
and replace it if the value is out of the range 14.5 to 15.5 V. Conversely, if the
electrical value is in the range, with the service function “Test Voltages” verify
on the display the abnormal readout of the control unit and replace it in case.
Check also the integrity of the connecting cables.
N Error 16 5 V DC supply out of range
Check the value with a volt meter on the test point of the Regulation Unit
Board and replace it if the value is out of the range 4.75 to 5.25 V. Conversely,
if the electrical value is in the range, with the service function “Test Voltages”
verify on the display the abnormal readout of the control unit and replace it in
case. Check also the integrity of the connecting cables.
O Error 17 High voltage failure
This message is generated when the inverter current or tube voltage are increas-
ing abnormally.
Failure on the Power Switching Unit or in the tube-head itself is possible.
Replace the Power Switching Unit board first and the tube-head in case.
P Error 19 Exposure time exceeded
This can be caused by a malfunction in the control unit. Replace it.
Q Error 20 Exposure aborted after irradiation
This error is generated by interruption during movement after irradiation. Re-
take is not needed, unless quitting of exposure occurred in the middle of the
TMJ procedure.
In case the error appeared without specific request by the operator (dead man
functionality) a malfunction could be present in the cable of the hand-switch, in
its connector or in the Control Unit. Fix or replace accordingly.

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R Error 21 No tube current

No or low anode current. This error can be caused
 by interruption of High Voltage power supply (right side of the Power
Switching Unit board)
 or by interruption of the filament power supply (left side of the Power
Switching Unit board)
 or by interruption of the driving circuits (in the regulation board)
 or by fault in the tube-head (input transformer or multiplying circuits).
Check the supplying circuit in the bushing and the flat cable between the regu-
lation and power switching boards.
On the Power Supply unit check the switch SA 301 (must be ON), fuses FU
304 and FU 305. If they are OK, switch exposure and check the driving signals
for HV regulator and inverter (points 1, 2, 6 and 7 on the Regulation Unit) and
the HV inverter supplying voltage (between points D3 and S5 in the Power
Switching Unit) – should be in range from 50 to 100 volts (depending on kV
and mA setting). Then measure the primary circuit of HV transformer.
If all is correct, the circuit between the secondary of HV transformer and tube is
broken.
Depending on the location of the fault, consider to replace the Power Switching
Unit board, the Regulation Unit board, the connecting cables or the tube-head.
This error can be also activated by sparking in the tube, when a very short over-
current signal switches off the HV regulator only, but is not trapped by the
Control Unit in order to activate error 17.
In this case try to perform the tube seasoning (de-gassing by making a number
of exposures at low kV) or replace the tube-head if necessary.
S Error 23 Filament current out of range
It appears when filament current value is exceeding the permitted range.
Power switching unit to be replaced first, regulation unit second, and control
unit in case.
T Error 25 Thermal sensor failure
The thermal sensor is broken or disconnected. Verify continuity and presence
of thermal sensor jumper on the control unit board. Fix accordingly.
In case of failure of the thermal sensor inside the tube-head, the tube-head
should be replaced. Alternatively the functionality for minimization of waiting
time for cool down can be disabled through “Thermal Settings” in Service
Mode and control loading manually using the cooling curves.
U Error 26 Battery fault
Battery voltage too low. Replace battery.

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V Error 32 Control unit fault

Replace control unit board.

8.3 Mains Fuse Blows at X-ray On

Check resistors R321, R322, R323, R324, R325 (connected to the relay in the
Power Supply Unit board).
If defective, charging of capacitors C305, C306, C307, C308 could not be done
properly during the preheating time. The capacitors will be charged directly as
soon as the radiation is started with the consequence of burning the fuse due to
the very high charging current.
Causes of resistor breaking could be:
 Pulse overloading of the resistor during the capacitors charging.
 Too high leakage current of capacitors C305, C306, C307, and C308.
 Short circuit in the input of the power switching unit (JED26 - XC201).
Replace the Power Supply Unit board or in case the involved module causing
the short circuit to occur.
8.4 Other Alarm Messages
 Internal Software Error, with error code xxh and ?? ISE ??
address yyyyyyyh. Switch the system OFF and ON C: xxh A:yyyyyyyh
again to try to overcome the problem.
 Over-Current. Over Current
This occurs with a short circuit of a stepper motor: Axe: A B C
A = Axe Rotation, B = Axe X, C = Axe cassette
Switch the system OFF and remove the short cir-
cuit on the motor, then switch the system ON.
 TRIPOS, microprocessor’s operating system error.
 Application abort.
Take a note of the message generated and refer to the Technical Service.

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9. MAINTENANCE
Machine maintenance must be carried out at least once a year by qualified per-
sonnel.
Before carrying out any maintenance operation, disconnect the system
from the mains using the main switch in the room where the machine is
installed.

The following activities are to be carried out:

 Verify smooth movement of vertical carriage. If not, intercept bad bearing or
defect in motor or supporting screw. Replace if necessary.
 Avoid using liquid or spray detergents which may enter into the equipment
and cause corrosion.
 Complete check of system performance (kV, mA, s).
 Verify proper alignment of aiming lights (laser beams) and clean the output
window of each source.
WARNING. The laser aiming system is a Class I laser product.
Avoid during operation unnecessary exposure of the eyes of the pa-
tient or of the operator to the laser radiation. Also pay attention that
the laser beams are not intercepted by any optical device.

 Check for proper working conditions of all mechanical and electrical safety
features.

 WARNING. ANY DEFECTIVE PART AFFECTING SAFE USE

OF THE SYSTEM MUST BE REPAIRED OR REPLACED

Only original certified components and spare parts must be used for repairs or
replacements.
Correction of damages to the identification labels to be handled with the Manu-
facturer.
Any defect or non-compliance must be reported promptly to the Manufacturer
or to its Local Agent.

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10. SPARE PARTS

10.1 Positioning & Test E Line Laser Module

Items
A Bite Block

Code Code 76 190 24195

76 680 10016
F Test Phantom

Code
76 680 10035
B Chin Rest

Code
76 680 10026 G Radiation Detector
Analog System

C Temporal Code 76 680 10040

Resting Bars

H Alignment Plate

Code Code
76 680 30056 79 680 10101

D Ear Plug Ceph

Code
76 680 30066

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10.2 Power Supply & F Low Voltage

Control Modules Transformer 2S

A Dual Voltage Supply Board Code

115-230V 76 190 20260
For Dual
Voltage Supply
& Column

G Mains
Switch

Code 76 190 24760

Version 13.11.2007
B Mains Connec- Code 76 190 26190
tion Module
H EMI Filter
Code
76 680 20095

C Mains Cable Code 76 190 24730

20A 120/250V 50-60Hz
Code I Set of Fuses 115 V
76 680 20400 4 Types
Code
D Power cable Inverter 76 190 24475
Set of 10
Code each type
76 680 20200 J Set of Fuses 230 V
4 Types
E Signal Cable Inverter Code
76 190 24470
Set of 10
each type

Code 76 680 20300

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K Control Unit Board P Power Switching

& Regulation Unit

Code Codice76 680 20170 Code 76 680 20370

L Control Panel
Q Tube Housing
Assembly

Code 76 680 20031

M Position Sensor
Code
76 680 20020

Code 76 680 20160

N Microswitch

Code
76 680 20080

O Limit Switches Column

Code
76 680 20085

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R Hand Switch 10.3 Mechanical Items

Code
76 190 25596 A Side Nylon Bearing

Code
S Coiled Cable 76 680 30075

Code
76 190 25580
B Eccentric Nylon Bearing

T Kit Remote Hand-Switch Code

76 680 30080
Code
93 300 02000
C Nylon Bearing

Code
76 680 30085
U Up/Down Pushbuttons
D Stepping
Code Motor
76 680 20079
Code
76 680 20060

E Raising Motor Kit

Code 76 680 30100

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Appendix A
Alarm Messages

Warning Messages
A Low Battery
B X-ray generator hot
C CAM init
D Adjust Arm Position
E Wait for PC ready

Num Error Messages

1 kV reference signal out of range
2 mA reference signal out of range
3 Carriage rotation encoder failure
4 Carriage displacement encoder failure
5 Carriage rotation sensor failure
6 Carriage displacement sensor failure
7 Cassette displacement sensor failure
9 Tube-head temperature exceeding limit
11 Exposure aborted during irradiation
12 Exposure aborted before irradiation
13 38 V DC supply out of range
14 24 V DC supply out of range
15 15 V DC supply out of range
16 5 V DC supply out of range
17 High voltage failure
19 Exposure time exceeded
20 Exposure aborted after irradiation
21 No tube current
23 Filament current out of range
25 Thermal Sensor Failure
26 Battery fault (low voltage)
32 Control unit fault

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Appendix B
Icons
Compliance to Compliance to
IEC Type B Equipment European Commu- North American
nity Requirements Safety Requirements

The unit is ON OFF (disconnected See the Annexed

from mains supply) Documentation

X-ray indicator
ON (connected
The unit is READY (ionizing radiation
to mains supply)
emission)

Radiation Emission Radiography Digital Detector

Light Push Button indicator (green light)

Program selected
Program selection 1 through 7 for
USB Interface
panoramic and cepha- Pan,
(orange light)
lometric 8 through 10 for
Ceph
Patient size selection:
Standard panoram- UP
small, medium, large
ic carriage movement
extralarge

Increase parameter DOWN

kV level Child Panoramic
Carriage movement
mA or mAs level

Decrease parameter
Half Panoramic
kV level Fuse
Left
mA or mAs level

Carriage shift right

for patient positioning
Half Panoramic
Right ~ Alternate Current

Carriage shift left

Anterior Dentition Protective Earth
for patient positioning

Entity of carriage
TMJ Open and
displacement Inherent Filtration
Closed Mouth
in mm

Type of collimator Dispose properly

selected (Pan, Child, Maxillary Sinus Do not abandon in the
AP, LLA, LLB, APXL) environment

Arm Sequential Ceph Fragile, Handle With

Movement Latero Lateral Care

Patient alignment
Ceph
laser beams Fear of Humidity
Antero Posterior
(15 s ON)

Test mode without Wrist Up, Do Not Overturn

radiation emission

Size Adult/Child:
Alarm Reset Stacking Limit Num-
small, medium,
large extra-large ber

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Appendix C
Technical Data
EXTRAORAL RADIOGRAPHIC SYSTEM
FDA Classification Class II (21CFR872-1800, 21CFR892.1650)
IEC Classification: Class I, type B
Power Supply: 230 V ± 10%, 50/60 Hz, 8 A, slow fuse
115 V ± 10%, 50/60 Hz, 16 A, slow fuse
Mains Resistance: < 0.8 ohm at 230 V, < 0.4 ohm at 115 V
X-ray generator: Multipulse at 40-80 kHz
Anode Voltage: 61 - 85 kV ± 10%, constant potential
Anode Current: 4 - 10 mA ± 10%, direct current (DC)
Focus size: 0.5 IEC 336
Inherent Filtration > 3.0 mm Al @ 85 kV
Leakage Radiation < 50 mR/h (0.43 mGy/h) @ 100 cm, 85 kV, 10 mA
Column Heigth 222 cm/87”
Displacement 92 cm/36.2”, from 90 to 182 cm (35 to 71.7”)
Vertical Movement Motorized vertical displacement
Patient Positioning Motorized horizontal displacement
Centering Light 3 lasers: Lateral, Median sagittal, Frankfurt
Centering Reference Bite block and chin rest for edentulous, tunable
temporal resting bars (option)
Source Image Distance Pan 51.3 cm/20.2”, Ceph 165 cm/65”
Vertical Magnification Pan 27%, Ceph 10%
Panoramic Projections: Adult standard with constant vertical magnification
on dental arch(14 s), Child at reduced dose (13 s),
Half Dentition Left (7 s), Half Dentition Right (7 s),
Anterior Teeth (7 s), TMJ habitual occlusion or
opened at maximum extent (4 s), Maxillary Sinuses
(12 s)
Ceph projections Antero Posterior, Latero Lateral Adult,
Latero Lateral Child, Carpus
Cooling pause: Variabkle pause depending on requested tube load
Weight: Pan Solo 100 kg/220 lb, Pan Ceph 120 kg/264 lb

LASER LIGHTS
FDA Classification Class I
Wavelength 650 nm
Output Power < 0.11 mW at 100 mm

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Appendix D
Labels

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Appendix E
Cooling Curves

COOLING CURVE OF X-RAY TUBE

kJ

20

18

16

14

12

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (min)

COOLING CURVE OF TUBE HOUSING ASSEMBLY

kJ
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 Time
165(min)
180

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Appendix F
Fuse Table
FU 303
CONFIGURATION 230 V 115 V
CONNECTOR PLUG
T8A T 16 A
F 501
5x20 6.3x32
T 1.6 A T 3.15 A
FU 303
5x20 5x20
FU 304 FU 305 F 6.3 A F 6.3 A
FU 304
5x20 5x20
F 6.3 A F 6.3 A
FU 305
5x20 5x20

F MOT T4A T4A

5x20 5x20
POWER SUPPLY UNIT IS
AT TOP OF VERTICAL
CARRIAGE

TO ACCESS REMOVE TOP PLASTIC COVER FIXED WITH

TOP PLASTIC COVER 2 ALLEN SCREWS ON TOP
AND TOP METAL COVER 2 ALLEN SCREWS ON THE BACK

TOP METAL COVER FIXED WITH

2 PHILLIPS SCREWS ON TOP

FUSE MOT IS ON FUSE F 501 IS ON

THE LEFT SIDE THE RIGHT SIDE
BEHIND MIRROR BEHIND MIRROR
PLASTIC COVER PLASTIC COVER

F MOT F 501

MIRROR PLASTIC
COVER IS FIXED
WITH 4 ALLEN
SCREWS
ON THE BACK

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FONA Dental s.r.o.

Stefanikova 7 SK-811 06
Bratislava, Slovakia
www.fonadental.com