SCIENCE SQP (2024-25)

CLASS X
(Science 086)
Max. Marks: 80 Time Allowed: 3 hours
General Instructions:
1. All questions would be compulsory. However, an internal choice of approximately 33%
would be provided. 50% marks are to be allotted to competency-based questions.
2. Section A would have 16 simple/complex MCQs and 04 Assertion-Reasoning type
questions carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B would have 6 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C would have 7 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D would have 3 Long Answer (LA) type questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E would have 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of
assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the values of 1/2/3 marks.

Section-A
Question 1 to 16 are multiple choice questions. Only one of the choices is correct. Select and
write the correct choice as well as the answer to these questions.

1 Identify ‘p’, ‘q’ and ‘r’ in the following balanced reaction

1
Heat
p Pb (NO3)2(s) ------> q PbO(s) + r NO2(g) + O2(g)
A. 2,2,4
B. 2,4,2
C. 2,4,4
D. 4,2,2

2 Match column I with column II and select the correct option using the given
codes. 1

Column I Column II

a. A metal that forms amphoteric oxides (i) Ga

b. A metal which melts when kept on our palm (ii) Au

c. A metal that reacts with nitric acid (iii) Al

d. A metal which cannot displace hydrogen from
(iv) Mn
acids

A. a – (ii), b – (i), c – (iii), d – (iv)

B. a – (iii), b – (i), c – (iv), d – (ii)
C. a – (iv), b – (ii), c – (iii), d – (i)
D. a – (iii), b – (ii), c – (i), d – (iv)
3
1

The solution in the given figure is likely to be

A. HNO3
B. C2H5OH
C. H2SO4
D. CO2 in water
--------------
For Visual Impaired Students
Which among the following is considered as the strongest electrolyte?
A. Dilute acid
B. Dilute sugar solution
C. Glucose solution
D. Ethanol in water

4 An aqueous solution ‘A’ turns the phenolphthalein solution pink. On addition of

an aqueous solution ‘B’ to ‘A’, the pink colour disappears. Which of the following 1
statement is true for the solutions ‘A’ and ‘B’.
A. A is strongly basic and B is a weak base.
B. A is strongly acidic and B is a weak acid.
C. A has a pH greater than 7 and B has a pH less than 7.
D. A has a pH less than 7 and B has a pH greater than 7.

5 When 50g of lead powder is added to 300 ml of blue copper sulphate

solution, after a few hours, the solution becomes colourless. This is an 1
example of
A. Combination reaction
B. Decomposition reaction
C. Displacement reaction
D. Double displacement reaction

6 The electronic configuration of three elements X, Y and Z are X- 2, 8, 7; Y- 2,

8, 2; and Z - 2, 8 1
A. Y and Z are metals
B. Y and X are non-metals
C. X is a non -metal and Y is a metal
D. Y is a non-metal and Z is a metal

7 Which of the following is an endothermic reaction?

A. Burning of candle. 1
B. Cooking of food.
C. Decomposition of Vegetable matter.
D. Reaction of Sodium with air
8 During cellular oxidation of Glucose, ATP is produced along with formation of 1
other products in this reaction. Which of the following events is associated with
production of maximum ATP molecules per molecule of Glucose during this
process? Synthesis of
A. ethanol in yeast
B. lactic acid in muscle cells
C. carbon dioxide in yeast cells
D. carbon dioxide in human cells

9 During which of the following stages of the circulation of blood in a normal 1

human being, the oxygenated blood is pumped to all parts of the body?
A. contraction of the left atrium
B. contraction of left ventricle
C. relaxation of the right atrium
D. relaxation of the right ventricle

10 Which of the following adaptations in herbivores helps in digestions of 1

cellulose?
A. Longer large intestine
B. Smaller large intestine
C. Smaller small intestine
D. Longer small intestine

11 There was a cerebellar dysfunction in a patient. Which of the following activities 1

will get disturbed in this patient as a result of this?
A. Salivation
B. Hunger control
C. Posture and balance
D. Regulation of blood pressure

12 In snails individuals can begin life as male and depending on environmental 1

conditions they can become female as they grow. This is because
A. male snails have dominant genetic makeup.
B. female snails have dominant genetic makeup.
C. expression of sex chromosomes can change in a snail’s life time.
D. sex is not genetically determined in snails.

13 In the following cases, a ray is incident on a concave mirror. In which case 1

is the angle of incidence equal to zero?
A. A ray parallel to the principal axis.
B. A ray passing through the centre of curvature and incident obliquely.
C. A ray passing through the principal focus and incident obliquely.
D. A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis, at the pole of the mirror.
14 1

Choose the correct option for the colour of rays for A and B.

Colour of Ray A Colour of Ray B

A. Blue Red
B. Green Yellow
C. Red Violet
D. Violet Indigo

15 Identify the incorrect statement 1

‘The energy available to the producers is maximum’ because:
A. It is the first trophic level which absorbs1% of light energy directly from
the source.
B. It utilizes the most of the chemical energy for its own respiration, growth,
reproduction, movement etc.
C. It utilizes 10% of light energy and transfers the rest to the next trophic
level.
D. It transfers only 10% of light energy to the next trophic level.

16 Which of the following is not a role of decomposers in the ecosystem? 1

A. Natural replenishment of soil.
B. Enrichment of oxygen in atmosphere.
C. Waste decomposition.
D. Break-down of dead remains.

Question No. 17 to 20 consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true

17 Assertion (A): On adding dil. HCl to a test tube containing a substance ‘X’, a 1
colourless gas is produced which gives a pop sound when a burning match
stick is brought near it.
Reason (R): In this reaction metal ‘X’ is displaced by Hydrogen.

18 Assertion (A): Generally, the number of chromosomes in a cell and in a germ 1

cell is not the same in species.
Reason (R): When two germ cells combine, they restore the normal number of
chromosomes in a species.
19 Assertion (A): A convex mirror always forms an image behind it and the image 1
formed is virtual.
Reason (R): According to the sign convention, the focal length of a convex
mirror is positive.

20 Assertion (A): If the lions are removed from a food chain it will not affect the 1
food chain, however if the plants are removed from a food chain it will disturb
the ecosystem.
Reason (R): Plants are producers who can make food using sunlight, while
lions are consumers.

Section-B
Question No. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions

21 Identify the type of each of the following reactions stating the reason for your 2
answers.
A. Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe + heat
B. Pb (NO3)2 + 2KI → PbI2( )+ 2KNO3

22 Differentiate between alveoli and nephron on the basis of the following points: 2
S. No. Feature Alveoli Nephron
1 Structure and location
2 Function

23 Attempt either option A or B. 2

A. List the steps for the synthesis of glucose by the plants. What special
feature is found in desert plants related to this process?
OR
B. Explain the role of the following enzymes in the process of digestion of food
in humans:
(i) Salivary amylase
(ii) Pepsin
(iii) Trypsin
(iv) Lipase

24 2

The above figure shows the formation of an image by a lens shown by a thick
line.
 Analyse the figure and answer the following questions.
A. What is the type of lens used?
B. What is the nature of the image?
C. If the image is formed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens and the
image is twice the size of the object, then where is the object placed?
--------------
For visually impaired students
A. What type of lens always forms a virtual erect and diminished image?
B. List two uses of such a lens.

25 Attempt either option A or B. 2

A.

The electric circuit (above figure) in a clothes dryer contains two heaters X
and Y in parallel. The above figure shows the circuit connected to a 230 V
power supply. When both switches are closed, the current in X is 3.5 A.

Analyse the circuit given above and answer the following questions.
(i) Calculate the power developed in heater X.
(ii) If the resistance of X is double that of Y calculate the current in heater
Y.
OR
B.

The above figure shows two resistors X and Y connected in series to a

battery. The power dissipated for this combination is P1. When these resistors
 are connected in parallel to the same battery then the power dissipated is
𝑃
given by P2. Find out the ratio 𝑃1 .
2

--------------
For visually impaired students
A. We have four resistors A, B, C and D of resistance 3 Ω, 6 Ω ,9 Ω and 12
Ω respectively. Find out the lowest resistance which can be obtained by
combining these four resistors.
OR
B. You are given 2 fuse wires A and B with current ratings 2A and 5A
respectively. Justify with reason which of the two would you use with a
1000W, 220V room heater?

26 The cartoon below addresses a growing concern: 2

main.jpg (1148×574) (frontiersin.org)

What impact will the process shown in the image have on Humans if they
occupy the last trophic level? Explain.
--------------
For visually impaired students
Create a food chain with more than 2 trophic levels that exists in the
cabbage farm. If Humans occupy the last trophic level, then how would
spraying pesticide affect the humans? Explain.

Section-C
Question No. 27 to 33 are short answer questions

27 A. Anirudh took two metal oxides; aluminium oxide and magnesium oxide as
shown in the pictures given below. But he forgot to label them. How will 3
you guide/ help Anirudh to identify the oxides and label them?
 B. In an activity Aishu was given two substances; Copper Sulphide (Cu 2S)
and Copper Oxide (Cu2O) to obtain copper from these compounds. She
was able to extract Copper successfully. Illustrate with the help of chemical
equations how Aishu might have completed the activity.
--------------
For visually impaired students
Give reasons for the following
i. Certain metals are used for making cooking utensils.
ii. Hydrogen gas does not evolve when certain metals except Mg & Mn
react with nitric acid.

28 Attempt either option A or B.

A. 3
(i) In the given series of reactions, name the compounds X and Z.
(ii) Which type of reaction is X to Z?

(iii) You are given 3 unknown solutions A, B, and C with pH values of 6, 8

and 9.5 respectively. In which solution will the maximum number of
hydronium ions be present? Arrange the given samples in the
increasing order of H+ ion concentration.
OR
B. Comment on the following statements:
(i) Bee sting is treated with baking soda paste whereas wasp sting is
treated with dilute vinegar.
(ii) Farmers treat soil with quicklime when tilling.
(iii) Ancient sculptures and marble structures are conserved by treating
them with certain chemicals.”

29 Water is used by the leaves of the plants for photosynthesis but rather than 3
watering the leaves, we water the plant through the soil. How does this water
reach the leaves of the plant?
30 A. In a family of four individuals, the father possessed long ears and the mother 3
possessed short ears. If the parents had pure dominant and recessive traits
respectively and F1 individual is married to an unrelated individual of the
same genotype, then calculate the ratio of genetic makeup of F2 generation.
Show a suitable cross. (2)
B. If father had short ears and the mother had long ears, and both the parents
are homozygous for the allelic pair of genes, explain what effect it will have
on the ratio of genetic makeup in F2 generation, if F1 individual is married
to an unrelated individual of the same genotype. (1)

31 A. What is the fundamental difference between hypermetropia and myopia 3

in terms of the optical experience of a person?
B. The diagram below shows a special case of an eye defect.
(i) What is the defect that is shown in the figure?
(ii) State one cause for such a defect?
(iii) Explain with reason if a concave lens can be used to correct the
defect.

--------------
For visually impaired students
A. What is the fundamental difference between hypermetropia and myopia
in terms of the optical experience of a person?
B. What are the causes of myopia in the human eye?

32 A. State the relationship between the resistance R of a wire to its length l 3

and cross sectional area A. Use the mathematical symbols to arrive at
the final formula.
B. Using the formula define the resistivity of a material.

33 3

Mona was doing an experiment with a magnetic compass and a straight

current-carrying wire. She observed that as she moved the compass away
from the current-carrying wire, the deflection of the compass needle reduced.
A. Explain why the deflection of the compass needle reduced as Mona moved
away the compass needle from the current carrying wire.
 B. Mention one thing that could have changed in the circuit of the wire that
could increase the deflection of the needle.
C. Explain with reason what will be the direction of the magnetic field
associated with the wire for the case described by the above figure.
--------------
For visually impaired students
A. Explain why the deflection of the compass needle reduced as Mona moved
away the compass needle from the current carrying wire.
B. Mention one thing that could have changed in the circuit of the wire that
could increase the deflection of the needle.
C. Explain with reason how the direction of the magnetic field associated with
the wire changes if the polarity of battery reversed.

Section-D
Question No. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.

34 Attempt either option A or B. 5

A.
(i) “Keerthi thinks that Substitution reaction occurs in saturated
Hydrocarbons, on the contrary Krishi thinks, it occurs in unsaturated
Hydrocarbons.” Justify with valid reasoning whose thinking is correct.
(ii) “Methane and Propane and their Isomers are used as fuels” Comment.
Draw the electron dot structure of the immediate lower homologue of
Propane. Give any two characteristics of homologues of a given
homologous series.
(iii) A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you predict
why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
OR
B.
(i) ‘A’ & ‘B’ are sodium salts of long-chain carboxylic acid and long chain
Sulphonic acid respectively. Which one of A or B will you prefer as a
cleansing agent while using underground water (hand pump water)?
Give the reason for your answer.
(ii) Elaborate on the process of cleansing action. Illustrate micelle with the
help of labelled diagram.
(iii) Write the chemical equation of the preparation of soap from an ester
CH3COOCH3. What is the name of this process?

35 Attempt either option A or B. 5

A. The image below shows a banana plant which is growing with the help of
suckers. These suckers are small plant stem outgrowths which can be
separated from the main plant and planted separately and they will grow
into a new plant subsequently.
 Fig.-1-Parts-of-Banana-plant-FAO-2021.png (623×609) (wp.com)
(i) Give the name and type of reproduction that is shown in the image
above. (1)
(ii) List two advantages the farmer will have on using the type of
reproduction mentioned above. (2)
(iii) The above plant produces male flowers. Explain how this plant will be
involved in the process of pollination. (1)
(iv) Why is the offspring of this banana plant not absolutely identical to its
parent plant? (1)
--------------
For visually impaired students
A. A banana plant is growing with the help of suckers. These suckers are
small plant stem outgrowths which can be separated from the main plant
and planted separately and they will grow into a new plant subsequently.
(i) Give the name and type of reproduction. (1)
(ii) List two advantages the farmer will have on using the type of
reproduction mentioned above. (2)
(iii) The above plant produces only male flower. Explain how this plant will
be involved in the process of pollination. (1)
(iv) Why is the offspring of this banana plant not absolutely identical to its
parent plant? (1)
OR
B. The image below shows a developing fetus in the mother's womb. The
developing fetus is connected to the placenta by means of umbilical cord.
The Umbilical vein and artery run inside the umbilical cord.
 (i) Name two substance that moves through the blood vessels. (1)
(ii) If the placenta has less villi how will it affect the baby’s growth? (1)
(iii) Name the region where the embryo develops inside the female body.
Explain how this region is adapted for nourishing the baby. (1)
(iv) Some of the fetal cells fall off into the amniotic fluid and can be
collected by careful procedure. The cells were screened and found to
contain XY chromosome. (2)
a) What is the sex of the foetus?
b) How is this prenatal sex determination misused?
--------------
For visually impaired students
B. A developing fetus is connected to the placenta by means of umbilical cord.
The Umbilical vein and artery run inside the umbilical cord.
(i) Name two substance that moves through the blood vessels. (1)
(ii) If the placenta has less villi how will it affect the baby’s growth? (1)
(iii) Name the region where the embryo develops inside the female body.
Explain how this region is adapted for nourishing the baby. (1)
(iv) Some of the fetal cells fall off into the amniotic fluid and can be
collected by careful procedure. The cells were screened and found to
contain XY chromosome.
a) What is the sex of the foetus?
b) How is this prenatal sex determination misused? (2)

36 Attempt either option A or B. 5

A.
 The above circuit is a part of an electrical device. Use the information
given in the question to calculate the following.
(i) Potential Difference across R2.
(ii) Value of the resistance R2.
(iii) Value of resistance R1

OR
B.

As shown in the figure above A and B are two lamps. Lamp A is rated at 12 V,
24W. Lamp B is rated at 6.0 V. When lamp B operates at its rated voltage, the
current in it is 3.0 A. The values of R1 and R2 are chosen so that both lamps
operate at their rated voltages.
Based on the information given, answer the following.
(i) Calculate the current in Lamp A.
(ii) State and give reason for the reading of the Voltmeter.
(iii) Calculate the resistance of R2.
(iv) Find the value of the resistance R1.

--------------
For visually impaired students
A.
(i) State the law and write the formula connecting the electric current
flowing through a conductor and voltage applied across it.
(ii) In a household five fans each of 100W are used for 4 hours and an
electric press of 500W for 2 hours every day. Calculate the cost of
using the fans and electric press for 60 days if the cost of 1 unit of
electrical energy is Rs. 6.5.
OR
B.
(i) State Joules law of heating and write its mathematical expression.
(ii) Two resistors of resistances 2𝛺 and 4𝛺 are connected in
a) series
b) parallel
with a battery of given potential difference. Compute the ratio of total
quantity of heat produced in the combination in the two cases if the
total voltage and time are kept the same for both.
 Section – E
Question No. 37 to 39 are case-based/data -based questions.

37 4

A. Derive the names of A, Y, Z, M, P & R

Attempt either subpart B or C.
B. Improvise an activity to test Z.
OR
C. Name the process in which compounds X, Y & Z are formed from A.
Justify your response.
--------------
For visually impaired students
A. Distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid experimentally.
Attempt either subpart B or C.
B. Give the IUPAC name of the first member of Alkene which is formed by
addition of conc. sulphuric acid to it. Illustrate the change with the help
of a chemical equation.
OR
C. “All combustion reactions are oxidation but all oxidation reactions are
not combustion.” Justify.

38 Mohan and Rohit observed that shoots of a plant growing in shade bend 4
towards the sunlight. Whereas, leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant fold and droop
soon after touching. They were curious to know how these movements occur
in plants.
 A. Shoots of a plant bending towards light

B. Folding of leaves Touch me not plant

In order to help them understand the movements in the plants, answer the
following questions:
Attempt either subpart A or B.
A. What causes the bending of shoots in the plants as shown in figure A?
OR
B. What causes the folding of the leaves in ‘Touch me not’ plant as shown
in figure B? (2)
C. Compare the movement of growth of the pollen tube towards ovule with
the movements shown in part A of the above figure. (1)
D. Compare the movement shown in figure B with the movement of body
parts in the animals. (1)

--------------
For visually impaired students

During a field trip, Mohan and Rohit observed that shoots of sunflower plants
bend towards the sunlight. Whereas, leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant begin to
fold and droop soon after touching even during the day. They were curious to
know how these movements occur in plants.
Attempt either subpart A or B.
A. What causes the bending of shoots in the sunflower plants towards
sunlight?
OR
B. What causes the folding of the leaves in ‘Touch me not’ plants when
touched by hand? (2)
 C. Compare the movement of growth of the pollen tube towards ovule with
the bending of shoots of sunflower plant towards sunlight. (1)
D. Compare the movement in folding of leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plants with
the movement of body parts in the animals. (1)

39 4

The above image is that of a reflecting telescope. Reflecting telescopes

revolutionised our ways of looking into the sky. They employ mirrors to gather
and focus light, rather than relying solely on lenses as in their refracting
counterparts. These telescopes utilise precisely shaped and polished mirrors
to capture incoming light and reflect it to a focal point, where it forms an image
for observation.
A. What kind of image of the star is seen by the observer at the eyepiece?
B. What kind of mirror is used in this reflecting telescope?
Attempt either subpart C or D.
C. Explain with reason what kind of optical device (type of lens or mirror)
that is used at the eyepiece.
OR
D. What is the role of the plane mirror in the telescope?
--------------
For visually impaired students

Azim Taraporewala was a traveller and science enthusiast. During one of his
travels he found himself on the edge of an island without any mode of
communication. As he had read in many stories, he thought he would light a
fire on the beach and travelling boats or ships could see that fire and come to
give him a ride. He had run out of lighters and match-sticks but had a reading
glass. Being a science enthusiast he knew some tricks and used that lens and
a scrap of paper to light a fire, with the help of scorching rays from the sun.
A. Which lens can be used by Azim to create the fire?
B. What property of the lens helps Azim to create the fire?
Attempt either subpart C or D.
C. List two more uses of this kind of lens.
OR
D. Explain with reason the condition under which the lens can form both
real as well as virtual images.

***********
 MARKING SCHEME
2024 -25
Class X Science (086)

Section-A

1 A. 2,2,4 1

2 B. a – (iii), b – (i), c – (iv), d – (ii) 1

3 A. C2H5OH 1
Alternate question for VI
A. Dilute acid

4 C. A has a pH greater than 7 and B has a pH less than 7 1

5 C. Displacement reaction 1

6 C. X is a non-metal and Y is a metal. 1

7 B. Cooking of food 1

8 D. carbon dioxide in human cells 1

9 B. contraction of left ventricle. 1

10 D. Longer small intestine. 1

11 C. Posture and balance. 1

12 D. sex is not genetically determined in snails. 1

13 B. A ray passing through the centre of curvature and incident obliquely. 1

14 C. Red Violet 1

15 C. It utilizes 10% of light energy and transfers the rest to the next trophic 1
level.

16 B. Enrichment of oxygen in the atmosphere. 1

17 C. A is true but R is false 1

18 A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. 1

19 B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A 1

20 D. A is false but R is true. 1

 Section-B

21 A. Exothermic Displacement reaction/Redox reaction. (0.5) 2

Heat is evolved or a More reactive element displaces a less reactive
element or aluminium reduces iron (II) oxide to iron (0.5)
B. Double displacement / Precipitation reaction (0.5)
As there is an exchange of ions between reactants and products /
(Yellow) precipitate (of Lead iodide) is formed (0.5)

22 S. 2
No. Feature Alveoli Nephron

1 Structure Balloon like structures Tubular structure

and present at the terminal present in
location ends of bronchioles in kidneys
lungs
2 Function Exchange of gases Filtration of blood
to form urine

23 Students to attempt either option A or B. 2

A. Steps of synthesis of glucose in plants:
 Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
 Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water
molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
 Reduction of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
 Desert plants take up carbon dioxide at night and prepare an
intermediate which is acted upon by the energy absorbed by the
chlorophyll during the day. (0.5 x 4)
OR
B.
 Salivary amylase – breaks down starch which is a complex molecule
to sugar.
 Pepsin – Helps to digest proteins in stomach.
 Trypsin – It helps in digesting proteins to amino acids.
 Lipase – Breaking down of emulsified fats to fatty acids and glycerol.
(0.5 x 4)

24 A. The lens is a convex lens. 2

B. The image is virtual.
𝑣 ℎ𝑖
C. Magnification for lens = 𝑢 = = 2.
ℎ𝑜
−30𝑐𝑚
=2
𝑢
Hence u = -15 cm
------------
For visually impaired students
A. concave lens (1)
B. correction of myopia and peepholes of doors or any other correct
alternative. (1)
25 Student to attempt either A or B. 2
A. P = VI (1)
= 230 × 3.5 = 805 W
1
I ∝𝑅, so half the resistance means double the current.
Therefore, current in Y = 7.0 A. (1)
OR
B. For series total resistance is R+2R = 3R (0.5)
𝑉2
P1 = 3𝑅. (0.5)
2𝑅
For parallel total Resistance is . (0.5)
3
𝑉2 3𝑉 2
P2 = = .
2𝑅/3 2𝑅
𝑃1 2
= . (0.5)
𝑃2 9
------------
For visually impaired students

A. The resistance will be lowest/minimum if all the resistors are

connected in parallel.
The equivalent resistance in parallel combination is given by (0.5)
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑣 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅4
(0.5)
Substituting the values, we get
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑣 3 6 9 12
(0.5)
12 + 6 + 4 + 2 24 2
= = =
36 36 3
3
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑣 = = 1.5 𝛺
2
(0.5)

OR
B. 𝑃 = 𝑉 × 𝐼 (0.5)
𝑃 1000
𝐼=𝑉 = = 4.54 𝐴 (0.5)
220
We will be using fuse B with is rated as 5A. This is because it will be
able to sustain the current (4.54 A) passing through it. Whereas fuse A
will melt and break the circuit as the current exceeds its rating. (1)

26 Pesticide is non-biodegradable/keep getting accumulated at each trophic 2

level, persist for longer time/ and thus last trophic level has highest
concentration/ humans will have the highest concentration of pesticides/leads
to bio-magnification. (any 2 points)
------------
For visually impaired students
 Cabbage/plant-> rabbit-> snake-> owl (Any other relevant food chain) (1)
Pesticides are non-biodegradable and persist for long. So when humans
consume plants or any animal that consume this plant, the pesticide enters
the food chain and keeps getting accumulated at each trophic level, thus the
organism in the last trophic level-human being has the highest concentration
of pesticide and this is called biological magnification. (1)

Section-C

27 A. Aqueous solution of magnesium oxide turns red litmus to blue. Aluminium 3

oxide is amphoteric and insoluble in water. Thus, it does not change the
colour of either blue or red litmus.
OR
Magnesium oxide reacts with acid only whereas Aluminium oxide reacts
with both acids and bases, being amphoteric in nature. (1)
B.

(1+1)

------------
For visually impaired students
A. Certain metals (like aluminium/ copper) are used for making cooking
utensils as they are good conductors of heat and have high melting
points. (0.5 + 0.5)
B. Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid. This is
because HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent. It oxidises the H2 produced to
water and itself gets reduced to any of the nitrogen oxides (N 2O, NO,
NO2). But magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) react with very dilute
HNO3 to evolve H2 gas. (1+1)

28 Students to attempt either A or B. 3

A.
(i) X = NaHCO3; Z = Na2CO3 (0.5+0.5)
(ii) Decomposition reaction (0.5)
(iii) Solution A (0.5)
(iv) Increasing order or H+ ions C<B<A (1)
OR
B.
(i) As bee sting is acidic and wasp sting is basic. (1)
(ii) To change the nature of soil to (neutral or basic). (1)
(iii) To protect sculptures from the effects of certain gases present in
environment and acid rain. (1)

29 ● In plants, the water is absorbed by the plants from the soil through the 3
roots. Xylem tissue of the roots, stems and leaves are interconnected to
form a continuous system of water conducting channels. (1)
● During the day, when stomata are open, the transpiration pull becomes
 the major driving force for the movement of water in the xylem. (1)
● Evaporation of water molecules from the stomata creates a suction which
pulls water from the xylem cells of roots to the stem and then to the
leaves. (1)

30 (Any letter which clearly indicated dominant and recessive ears, example, L or 3
E or any other)
A. LL × ll
F1= Ll
Ll X Ll
1LL:2Ll:1ll. (2)

B. No change in ratio/the ratio of F2 generation will still be 1LL:2Ll:1ll/ ratio

will be the same.
As the cross is still between a pure dominant and recessive allele/ genes/
traits/characters /as shown in the cross above. (1)

31 A. Hypermetropia is a defect that causes difficulty in focusing on near 3

objects, with clearer vision observed for distant objects. In Myopia distant
objects appear blurry while near objects are seen clearly. (1)
B.
(i) The image shows a case of hypermetropia. (0.5)
(ii) shortening of the eyeball or focal length of the eye lens becomes too
long. (0.5)
(iii) No the concave lens would diverge the rays coming to the eyeball
and will push the image even further, but a convex lens should be
used which will help to converge the rays and create the image at the
exact place on the retina. (1)

------------
For visually impaired students
A. Hypermetropia is a defect that causes difficulty in focusing on near
objects, with clearer vision observed for distant objects. In Myopia distant
objects appear blurry while near objects are seen clearly. (1)
B. High converging power of eye lens, elongation of eye-ball. (2)

32 A. 3
R∝𝑙
𝑙
R∝𝐴
𝑙
R=𝜌 . (1.5)
𝐴
B.
𝑙
R = 𝜌𝐴
𝐴
𝜌 = R 𝑙 for A =1m2 and l =1m, we have
𝜌=R
Hence resistivity is the resistance offered by a wire of length 1 m having a
cross sectional area of 1 m2 . (1.5)

33 A. Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the distance from the 3

current carrying wire. Hence when Mona moved the compass away from
 the current carrying wire, the magnetic effect was less on it and hence the
deflection was less. (1)
B. Magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the current in the wire. So,
Mona could increase the current in the circuit to observe a greater
deflection in the compass needle. (1)
C. The battery suggests that the current is going from top of the plane to the
bottom of the plane. Using the right hand thumb rule we can say that the
magnetic field will be clockwise. (1)

------------
For visually impaired students
A. Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the distance from the
current carrying wire. Hence when Mona moved the compass away from
the current carrying wire, the magnetic effect was less on it and hence the
deflection was less. (1)
B. Magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the current in the wire. So,
Mona could increase the current in the circuit to observe a greater
deflection in the compass needle. (1)
C. When the polarity of the battery is reversed, the direction of the current
flowing in the wire and the direction of the magnetic field will also be
reversed. (1)

Section-D

34 Student to attempt either option A or B. 5

A.
(i) Keerthi’s thinking is correct as substitution reactions occur in saturated
hydrocarbons, hydrogen atoms are replaced with heteroatoms in
saturated hydrocarbons. Whereas in unsaturated hydrocarbons an
addition reaction occurs, simple molecules are added across double
and/or triple bonds. (1)
(ii) Methane and propane undergo combustion reaction in presence of
oxygen and produce large amount of energy. (1)
The lower homologue of propane is ethane has the following electron
dot structure:

(1)
 ANY TWO CHARACTERISTICS
- Difference in -CH2- / 14u molecular mass of any two adjacent
homologues.
- Same general formula/ functional group
- Similar chemical properties
- Gradual change in physical properties (1)
(iii) The mixture of ethyne and oxygen in sufficient amounts undergoes
complete combustion to fire a clean blue flame. In pressure of
insufficient supply of oxygen or in presence of air, ethyne does not
undergo complete combustion and produces sooty flame. (1)
OR
B.
(i) ‘B’ is preferred for cleansing action. The calcium and magnesium salts
present in underground water are precipitated with carboxylic acids.
The Ca++ and Mg++ salts of sulphonic acid are soluble in water. ‘B’ is a
more effective cleansing agent in presence of Ca and Mg salts. (1)
(ii)
 Soaps are molecules in which the two ends have differing
properties, one is hydrophilic, that is, it dissolves in water, while the
other end is hydrophobic, that is, it dissolves in hydrocarbons.
 The molecules of soap are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain
carboxylic acids. The ionic end of soap dissolves in water while the
carbon chain dissolves in oil. The soap molecules, thus form
structures called micelles where one end of the molecules is
towards the oil droplet while the ionic end faces outside. This forms
an emulsion in water. The soap micelle thus helps in dissolving the
dirt in water and we can wash our clothes clean.

(Labelled fig - 1 + 2)
(iii) CH3(CH2)16COOR + NaOH CH3(CH2)16COONa+ROH
The process is saponification. (0.5 + 0.5)

35 Students to attempt either option A or B. 5

A.
(i) Vegetative propagation/ asexual reproduction. (0.5+0.5)
(ii) More crops in same time interval, genetically identical, flower fruit
faster, no need to depend on pollinators. (1+1)
(iii) Cross pollination, the pollen from anther will be transferred the stigma
of another banana plant using agents like wind, water, or insects etc.
(0.5+0.5)
 (iv) There would be minor changes/some variation during the process of
copying of the DNA. (1)
------------
For visually impaired students
(i) Vegetative propagation/ asexual reproduction. (0.5+0.5)
(ii) More crops in same time interval, genetically identical, flower fruit
faster, no need to depend on pollinators. (1+1)
(iii) Cross pollination, the pollen from anther will be transferred the stigma
of another banana plant using agents like wind, water, or insects etc.
(0.5+0.5)
(iv) There would be minor changes/some variation during the process of
copying of the DNA. (1)
OR
B.
(i) Nutrients/glucose/oxygen/waste. (any two) (1)
(ii) less surface area for nutrients (glucose/oxygen) to pass from mother to
embryo slow growth. (1)
(iii) uterus; has thick lining with rich supply of blood to nourish the embryo.
(1)
(iv)
a) male child
b) misused as if the foetus is female, some people engage in aborting
the child leading to female foeticide. (2)
------------
For visually impaired students
A.
(i) Nutrients/glucose/oxygen/waste. (any two) (1)
(ii) less surface area for nutrients (glucose/oxygen) to pass from mother to
embryo slow growth. (1)
(iii) uterus; has thick lining with rich supply of blood to nourish the
embryo. (1)
(iv)
a) male child
b) misused as if the foetus is female, some people engage in aborting
the child leading to female foeticide. (2)

36 Students to attempt either option A or B. 5

A.
(i) p.d. across 4 Ω resistor = p.d. Across R2 as both are in parallel.
(0.5)
1.5 (A) × 4 (Ω) = 6 V (0.5)
(ii) Total Current through 4 Ω and R2 = 2.0 A (given).
Current through 4 Ω = 1.5 A (given) (0.5)
Hence current through R2 = 2-1.5= 0.5 A
 Using Ohm’s law for R2 we get (0.5)
6 V= 0.5 A x R2
Hence R2 = 6/0.5 = 12 Ω (0.5)
(iii) p.d. across R1 = Total p.d. - (p.d. across R2) - (p.d. across 2.0 Ω)
(0.5)
p.d. across 2.0 Ω = 2x2 = 4 V
p.d. across R2 = 6 V (calculated before) (0.5)

Hence p.d. across R1 = 12 − 6 − 4 = 2 V (0.5)

Current through R1 = 2A (0.5)
Using Ohm’s Law, we get
R1 = 2V/2A = 1Ω (0.5)

Alternative method
(4 𝑥 12)
Total Resistance = R1 + (4+12) + 2 = 12V/2 A = 6Ω (0.5)
R1 = 6 – (3 + 2) = 1 Ω (0.5)
OR
B.
(i) Use of P = IV (0.5)
I = P ÷ V = 24 W ÷ 12V
Current in lamp A – 2 A (0.5)
(ii) Voltmeter reading = 12 V (0.5)
Lamp A and Lamp B are in parallel.
Hence p.d. across the arm containing A = p.d. across arm
containing B
= 12 V (from a) (0.5)
(iii) p.d. across R2 + p.d. across B = 12 V. (0.5)
p.d. across B = 6 V (given)
Hence p.d. across R2 = 12 V - 6 V = 6V (0.5)

Current through R2 = Current through B = 3A (given) (0.5)

Use of R = V/I
R2 =6V/3A = 2Ω (0.5)
(iv) Current through R1 = Total Current = 3A+2A = 5A
p.d. across R1 = 15V -12 V = 3V (0.5)
R1=3V/5A = 0.6 Ω (0.5)

------------
For visually impaired students
A.
(i) Ohm's Law is the law, which states that the electric current (I)
flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage (V)
applied across it and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) of
the conductor. Mathematically, it can be represented as: (1)

𝑉 ∝𝐼
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 (1)

(ii) Let the energy consumed by the fans be 𝐸𝑓 and the energy
consumed by the electric press be 𝐸𝑝 .
 100 ×4
 𝐸𝑓 = 𝑃 × 𝑡 = = 0.4 𝑘𝑊ℎ
1000
500 ×2
 𝐸𝑝 = 𝑃 × 𝑡 = = 1 𝑘𝑊ℎ (1)
1000
 Total energy consumed in 1 day = 𝐸𝑝 + 𝐸𝑓 = 1.4 𝑘𝑊ℎ
Total energy consumed in 60 days = 1.4 × 60 = 84 𝑘𝑊ℎ.
Total cost = 84 × 𝑅𝑠. 6.5 = 𝑅𝑠. 546.00 (2)
OR
B.
(i) Joule's Law of Heating states that the amount of heat produced in
a conductor is directly proportional to the square of the electric
current passing through it, the resistance of the conductor, and the
time for which the current flows. Mathematically, it can be
expressed as
𝐻 = 𝐼 2 𝑅𝑡
● H is the heat produced (in joules),
● I is the electric current (in amperes),
● R is the resistance of the conductor (in ohms),
● t is the time for which the current flows (in seconds).
(ii) Let the equivalent resistance in series be denoted by 𝑅𝑠 and that
for parallel be denoted by 𝑅𝑝 . Total voltage of the circuit is given
by 𝑉 in both cases and the time is denoted by 𝑡.
 𝑅𝑠 = 2 + 4 = 6𝛺
1 1 1 3 4
 = 2 + 4 = 4 , 𝑅𝑝 =
𝑅𝑝 3
𝑉2 𝑉2
 𝐻𝑠 = 𝑡, 𝐻𝑝 = 𝑡
𝑅𝑠 𝑅𝑝
𝐻𝑠 𝑅𝑝 2
 = =
𝐻𝑝 𝑅𝑠 9

SECTION – E

37 A. A - Sodium chloride 4
Y - Chlorine gas,
Z - Hydrogen gas,
M - Sodium metal,
P - Sodium ethanoate &
R - Ethyl ethanoate/ester (0.5 X 6 = 3)
Student to attempt either subpart B or C.
B. Any activity similar to the given figure (1)
 OR
C. Chlor alkali process
The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of the products
formed from chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide. (1)
-----------
For visually impaired students
A.
Ethanoic Acid Ethanol
Reaction with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates: No reaction
Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates and hydrogen
carbonates to give rise to salt, carbon dioxide and water.
The slat produced is commonly called Sodium acetate.

2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

B. Ethene
C2H5OH-------Hot Conc. Sulphuric acid---- CH2=CH2 + H2O

C. In combustion reactions oxygen is added hence all combustion

reactions are oxidation, whereas in oxidation reactions, energy may
or may not be released (along with the products), hence all oxidation
reactions are not combustion reactions.

38 Students to attempt either subpart A or B. 4

A.
● Bending of shoots of plants is a response to the stimulus and a
directional, growth-related movement.
● When growing plants detect sunlight, a hormone called auxin,
synthesized at shoot tip helps the cells to grow longer.
● When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses to the
shady side of the shoot.
● This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells of the shoot to grow
 longer on the side of the shoot which is away from the light. Thus, plant
appears to bend towards light. (0.5 x 4 =2)
OR
B.
● Leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant respond to the stimulus by showing
growth independent movement.
● These plants use electrical–chemical means to convey the information
from cell to cell.
● Movement happens at a point different from the point of touch.
● Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them,
resulting in swelling or shrinking, and therefore in changing shape.
(0.5 x 4 =2)
C. Growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule is an example of
chemotropism whereas bending of shoots towards sunlight is an
example of phototropism. (1)
D.
i) Although both plants and animals show electrical–chemical means to
convey the information from cell to cell but unlike nerve cells in
animals there is no specialized tissue in plants for conduction of
information. (0.5)
ii) In animal cells, change in shape occurs because of the specialized
proteins found in muscle cells; plant cells change shape by changing
the amount of water in them. (0.5)

------------
For visually impaired students
Students to attempt either subpart A or B.
A.
● Bending of shoots of plants is a response to the stimulus and a
directional, growth-related movement.
● When growing plants detect sunlight, a hormone called auxin,
synthesized at shoot tip helps the cells to grow longer.
● When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses to the
shady side of the shoot.
● This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells of the shoot to grow
longer on the side of the shoot which is away from the light. Thus,
plant appears to bend towards light. (0.5 x 4 =2)
OR
B.
● Leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant respond to the stimulus by showing
growth independent movement.
● These plants use electrical–chemical means to convey the
information from cell to cell.
 ● Movement happens at a point different from the point of touch.
● Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them,
resulting in swelling or shrinking, and therefore in changing shape.
(0.5 x 4 =2)
C. Growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule is an example of
chemotropism whereas bending of shoots towards sunlight is an
example of phototropism. (1)

D.
i) Although both plants and animals show electrical–chemical means to
convey the information from cell to cell but unlike nerve cells in
animals there is no specialized tissue in plants for conduction of
information. (0.5)
ii) In animal cells, change in shape occurs because of the specialized
proteins found in muscle cells; plant cells change shape by changing
the amount of water in them. (0.5)

39 A. Real Image (the final image is formed due to the lens at the eye-piece) 4
(1)
B. Concave Mirror (1)
Student to attempt either subpart C or D.
C. A converging lens is used at the eyepiece to collect the rays from the
plane mirror and help the viewer to see a real erect image of the star.
(2)
OR
D. The plane mirror laterally inverts the image formed by the curved mirror
and its position helps to direct the rays towards the eye-piece.
(2)
------------
For visually impaired students
A. Convex lens. (1)
B. Converging property. The lens can converge parallel rays to one point.
(1)
Student to attempt either subpart C or D
C. To correct hypermetropia, lenses of telescopes, microscopes and slide
projectors. (2)
OR
D. If the object is kept between the optical centre and the focus the image
obtained is virtual, rest in all cases the image is real.

**********