G.D.
MEMORIAL COLLEGE JODHPUR
(AFFILIATED TO JNV UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR)
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
PROJECT REPORT ON PLANT PROTECTION
APPLIANCES (Sprayer and Duster)
2024-2025
SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO :
VISHAL DR. MANJU SISODIYA
MR. SHARVAN GURJAR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of the project successfully many
people have best owned upon me their blessing and the
heart pledged support.
This time I'm utilizing to thank all the people have been
concerned with this project. I sincerely appreciate the
inspiration, support & guidance of all those who have been
instrumental in making this project success. I owe a deep
sense of gratitude towards to DR.
MANJU SISODIYA and MR. SHARVAN GURJAR
who assisted me in completing the project.
Last but not least I place a deep sense of gratitude to my
family members and my friends who have been consent
source of
inspiration during the preparation of this project.
STUDENT NAME:
VISHAL
G.D. MEMORIAL COLLEGE JODHPUR
(AFFILIATED TO JNV UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR)
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that V I S H A L student of
G.D MEMORIAL COLLEGE, JODHPUR has submitted
the project entitled “PLANT PROTECTION APPLIANCES“
as partial fulfilment of practical paper of M.Sc I Vth
Semester year 2024-2025 under my Supervision.
SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO :
VISHAL DR. MANJU SISODIYA
MR. SHARVAN GURJAR
INDEX
❑ Acknowledgement
❑ Certificate
❑ Plant protection appliances
1) Sprayer
• Introduction
• Function
• Parts of sprayer
• Types of sprayer
2) Duster
• Introduction
• Parts of duster
• Types of duster
Typical structure of sprayer
SPRAYER
Introduction of Sprayer
A sprayer is a device used to apply liquid substances such as
water, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, or disinfectants to
surfaces, plants, or crops. Sprayers are essential tools in
agriculture, horticulture, landscaping, and sanitation. Their
primary function is to distribute liquids evenly over a targeted
area, maximizing efficiency and minimizing waste or
environmental impact.
The main functions of a sprayer
• Breaking the chemical solution in to fine droplets of effective
size.
• Distributing the droplets uniformly over the plants.
• Applying the chemicals with sufficient pressure for positive
reaching the plants
• Regulating the amount of liquid applied on plants to avoid
excessive application.
The sprayer consists of different parts as follows:
(i) Tank:
The tank is an important part of a sprayer in which spray
materials are kept. It is generally made of galvanized iron or steel
coated with anticorrosive material particularly on the inside. The
tank is provided with large filler hole fitted with strainer for
pouring of liquid into the tank as well as cleaning of spray
material. The tank is also provided with lid.
(ii) Pump:
The pump is a most essential component of the sprayer as it is
needed for atomization of liquid through air.
Depending on the mechanization of action, the source of power
etc., pumps in use in the sprayer may be broadly put into three
categories as follows:
(a) Pneumatic.
(b) Displacement pump. Plunger, piston, rotary and diaphragm.
(c) Centrifugal or impeller.
(iii) Agitator:
The agitator is usually provided in the power sprayer for
maintenance of a uniform dispersion or suspensions and
emulsions.
(iv) Delivery Horse:
The delivery horse is fitted with sprayer at the end and spray
lance or boom on the other end and made of rubber or synthetic
rubber or plastic tube or nylon. The hose is capable of
withstanding high pressure.
(v) Spray Lance:
The spray lance is a bras tube of variable length. One end of the
spray lance is fitted with a hose and other end with a nozzle. The
nozzle end is usually bent.
(vi) Nozzle:
The nozzle is most important part of a sprayer to break up the
liquid coming out the spray tank into fine droplets. Different
types of nozzles are used in the sprayer.
(vii) Trigger:
The trigger is provided in the sprayer to control the flow of spray
materials.
Types of sprayer
There are several types of sprayers used in agriculture,
horticulture, landscaping, and household applications. These
sprayers are classified based on their operation, design, and
power source. Below is a comprehensive list of the different
types of sprayers:
1. Manual Sprayers
Operated by hand or foot, these are suitable for small-scale use.
1) Handheld sprayer
2) Knap-sack sprayer
3) Compression sprayer
4) Foot sprayer
2. Power Sprayers
Use a power source like petrol engine, electric motor, or battery
for operation. Suitable for medium to large areas.
1) Hydraulic sprayer
2) Tractor mounted sprayer
3) Spinning disc sprayer
Handheld sprayer
Handheld Sprayer
• This sprayer is also ideally suited for home gardens and
small fields.
• It consists of a container of 0.5 to 3.51it capacity a built
in air pump, pressure gauge , nozzle and flow cut
off lever.
• The tank is to be filled with ¾ th volume.
• The pump is operated to build pressure in the tank of
0.15-0.3 kg/cm2 .
• When the flow cut off lever is pressed , the fluid
passes through the nozzle and spraying is done.
• The application rate ranges from 45 to 100 litres /ha.
Knap-sack sprayer
Knapsack Sprayer
• In knap-sack sprayer, the tank is non-pressured and
made of brass or galvanized steel.
• The pump may be fitted inside or outside the tank and
sucks the liquid from the tank and expels it through the
delivery system consisting of lance and nozzle which is
connected with a pump by flexible hose.
• The knap-sack sprayer develops 30-40 psi pressure.
• The operator operates the lever with his left hand and
spraying is done by his right hand.
• A spray boom or rig may be attached when wider areas
have to be covered.
• This sprayer is ideal for spraying all field crops at high
pressure with low volume nozzle.
Compression sprayer
Compression Sprayer
• In compression sprayer, the tank is pressure vessel in
which the liquid is filled to two-third capacity, leaving
one fourth volume for the compressed air.
• It is then pressurised to 60 psi by means of air charge
pump which is fitted vertically inside the tank (i.e.
Container).
• A pressure gauge or safety valve may optionally fitted
to the tank.
• A pressure regulator may also be used when the
discharge pressure needs to be strictly controlled.
• The compressed air forces discharge the liquid through
the nozzle and desired type of spray is achieved.
• This sprayer is ideal for spraying all field crops and
vegetables.
Foot sprayer
Foot/Lever Sprayer
• The pump in the foot sprayer consists of a pump barrel
and a pressure chamber.
• The pump is worked by the upward and downward
movement of the foot used for the purpose.
• The plunger with suction cup or piston drives into
pump barrel, thus sucking the liquid in the pressure
chamber and expelling it through the discharge line.
• The return stroke of the plunger pulls the liquid in
through the suction hose for the next discharge.
• The sprayer develops a pressure of 60-80 psi and has a
provision for attaching two discharge lines.
• It is an ideal all-purpose sprayer suitable for small and
large scale field crops, in orchard, tea and coffee
plantations and rubber estate.
Hydraulic sprayer
Hydraulic Sprayer
• The hydraulic sprayer may be engine or electric motor
driven and is available with single, double and triple
piston pumps which is driven by air cooled or water
cooled engine.
• The single piston pump, double piston pump and triple
piston pump develop a maximum pressure of 150 psi,
300 psi and 400 psi respectively.
• The single piston pump has only two discharge line and
double and triple pumps can accommodate 4-6
discharge lines.
• This sprayer is operated by means of 1-2 HP electric
motor or 2-3 MP Petrol, petrol-kerosene or diesel
engine and this spryer can also be driven power tiller or
tractor.
Tractor Mounted sprayer
Tractor Mounted Sprayer
• As the name indicates, Tractor mounted sprayer is
attached to a tractor for use.
• The pump is driven by PTO shaft of the tractor and the
sprayer unit sucks the chemicals and discharges it
through the spray boom or through discharge line
consisting of a delivery hose and spray gun.
• The boom has a swivel arm to direct the spray
correctly.
• The main frame allows the spray boom to be adjusted
accordingly to the height of crop being sprayed.
• Large field crops (wheat, rice, etc.)
Spinning Disc Sprayer
Spinning Disc Sprayer
• The spinning disc sprayer consists of a battery operated
motor with spinning disc, a liquid tank, a handle and a
set of batteries.
• Liquid is fed from the tank on spinning disc by the force
of gravity.
• The spinning disc which has 180 channels on the world
and 180 teeth on its periphery, operates at 4000-5000
rmp to stir the liquid and create very fine, even
particles for low volume spraying.
• A smooth flow of liquid with highly controlled droplets
(100-165 micron) application is thus achieved.
• The stainless steel disc is interchangeable.
Typical structure of Duster
DUSTER
Introduction of Duster
• A duster used for spraying power is an agricultural
implement designed to apply fine powders such as
pesticides, fungicides, or insecticides to crops.
• It is a crucial tool in plant protection, helping to control
pests and diseases effectively. Unlike sprayers that use
liquid chemicals, dusters disperse dry chemical powders in
a fine mist or cloud, making them especially useful in areas
where water-based solutions may not be practical.
• Dusters can be manual, battery-operated, or engine-
powered, and are widely used in fields, orchards, and
plantations. They are valued for their ability to cover large
areas quickly and uniformly, reducing labour and
increasing efficiency.
• The use of dusters is particularly important in dry or
humid conditions where powdered formulations adhere
better to plant surfaces.
• Modern dusters are often equipped with adjustable
nozzles, high-capacity tanks, and safety features to ensure
effective and safe application. They continue to play a vital
role in sustainable and efficient agricultural practices.
Structure of a Duster (for Spraying Powder)
A duster typically has the following main components:
Hopper/Tank: Holds the powdered chemical. Usually made
of plastic or metal and designed for easy filling.
Agitator: Keeps the powder mixed to ensure uniform flow
during spraying. Can be manual or automatic.
Air Blower/Fan: Creates air pressure to push the powder
out. Operated manually or by a motor.
Delivery Tube/Hose: Directs the powder-air mixture from
the tank to the nozzle for spraying.
Nozzle: Releases the powder in a fine mist. May be
adjustable for spray pattern and flow rate.
Handle/Straps: Used for carrying the duster, especially in
backpack models.
Control Valve: Regulates the amount of powder being
sprayed for precision and efficiency.
Types of Duster
1) Rotary duster
2) Plunger duster
3) Knapsack duster
4) Power operated duster
5) Arial or Crop duster
Hand rotary duster
Rotary Duster
• Hand rotary dusters are useful to apply
chemicals which are in powder form.
• It consists of a hopper, a fan, gear box,
handle, delivery hose and a deflector plate.
• When the handle is rotates the fan rotates at
high speed and draws air from outside.
• The chemical from hopper is fed in to the air
stream in the suction side of the fan.
• The chemical mixes with the air, passes
through the delivery line and is applied on the
plants.
• The rate of delivery can be regulated It is
used to apply powdery chemicals to
vegetables, sorghum etc. crops.
Plunger Duster
Plunger Duster
• A Plunger Duster is a manual dust applicator
used primarily in agriculture and pest control
to apply dry insecticide powders (dusts) over
crops or into insect-infested areas.
• It is a simple duster with a small piston. The
piston drives a current of air over the dust in
the hopper.
• The dust is carried away through a delivery
spout. Small hand pump dusters of this type
are available and are suitable only where the
area to be dusted is small like vegetable
gardens.
• Simple and low-cost. No need for electricity or
fuel. Portable and easy to operate.
Knap-sack Duster
Knap-Sack Duster
• It is a duster with the powder container on the
back of the operator.
• Knapsack dusters have a hopper through
which a current of air is blown to pick up the
dust.
• The air current is produced by lever operated
leather bellows. Shoulder straps or carrying
straps are generally provided in such dusters
and they can be easily carried in the fields.
• These dusters are suited for small areas only.
Power operated Duster
Power operated Duster
• It is a duster with the powder container on the
back of the operator.
• Knapsack dusters have a hopper through
which a current of air is blown to pick up the
dust.
• The air current is produced by lever operated
leather bellows. Shoulder straps or carrying
straps are generally provided in such dusters
and they can be easily carried in the fields.
• These dusters are suited for small areas only.
Arial Duster
Arial Duster or crop Duster
• An Aerial Duster is a type of aerial application
equipment used to disperse dry agricultural
dusts or powders (such as insecticides,
fungicides, or fertilizers) over large crop areas
using aircraft.
• An aircraft is used for dusting or spraying large
acreages with pesticides.
• Aerial spraying and dusting permit prompt
coverage of large areas at the moment when
application of pesticide is most effective and
avoid the need for wheeled vehicles that
might damage crops.
• The technique was greatly improved in the
1960s with the development of ultra-low-
volume applicators, in which concentrated
pesticides are distributed in amounts as small
as 1 ounce per acre (70 grams per hectare).
