International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 9 Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2025 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Health and Well-Being in Education: A Global Imperative

Dr. Charu Sharma
Associate Professor, A&M Institute of Management & Technology, Pathankot, Punjab, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Dr. Charu

Healthy children and adolescents are more likely to receive high- Sharma "Health and Well-Being in
quality education. Similarly, healthy kids and teenagers learn more Education: A Global Imperative"
effectively. The best health and wellbeing instruction begins early Published in
and increases gradually as students get older. Foundational education International Journal
of Trend in
for health and well-being (FEHW) programs in primary schools, Scientific Research
which are adapted to the various requirements and developmental and Development
stages of learners, are essential to establishing the foundation for (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
children and very young adolescents to have healthy, satisfying lives. 6470, Volume-9 | IJTSRD73837
With the help of organizations like the World Bank, the World Issue-1, February
Health Organization, and the Institute of Medicine, the field has 2025, pp.185-194, URL:
advanced significantly in the last fifty years on a worldwide scale. www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd73837.pdf
Strategic concepts establish operational structures, while competency
frameworks direct career and educational trajectories. All of these Copyright © 2025 by author (s) and
must be adjusted to reflect local, national, and international realities. International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Its multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary atmosphere, as well as the Journal. This is an
chance to accomplish treatments that truly improve people's lives, Open Access article
attract talented and driven individuals. Based on merit, the area is distributed under the
open to professionals from a wide range of backgrounds and is highly terms of the Creative Commons
competitive worldwide. Its competencies align with population needs Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
assessments and the development of plans and services. As a result, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
its instructional design is evidence-based and needs-based. More
extensive school health initiatives have recently been created, such as KEYWORDS: Health, Well- Being,
the WHO's "health promoting school" and the "coordinated school Education, Global Imperative,
health program" in the United States. They concentrate on the Children, Adolescents, Learners,
implementation of health education and promotion in schools. To Physical, Mental Health, Secondary
organize and assess school development programs, however, a Education, Education Contributes,
theoretically grounded model based on the sociological concept of Ending Vicious Cycles, Lifting
well-being is required. The School Well-Being Model evaluates well- People, Increased Health, Accessing
being as a whole in a school context and is founded on Allard's Clean Water, Health-Promoting
sociological theory of welfare. Teaching, education, learning, and Schools
accomplishments are all related to well-being, which we will address
in this paper. wellbeing and health in education.

INTRODUCTION
Education develops students' health-related decisions as they grow older and throughout their
awareness, skills, and positive attitudes. It encourages lives, schools place a strong emphasis on the value of
students to stay healthy, reduce dangerous behavior, health.
and improve their health, among other things.
Using information, skills, and behavior modification
Through health education programs and training,
to promote physical, mental, and emotional well-
students acquire skills that will help them lead
being is the goal of the broad and ever-evolving
healthier lives. In health education, mental,
subject of health and wellness education. It covers a
emotional, and social health are all important
broad range of subjects, such as mental health
subjects. The outcome is the fact that they work to
awareness, substance abuse prevention, sleep
promote health, prevent illness, and refrain from
hygiene, stress management, exercise, diet, and
negative behavior. To help children make healthier
sexual health.

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Empowering people to take charge of their own Five ways Education Contributes to Health and Well-
health and make wise decisions that advance general Being:
well-being is the goal of health and wellness 1. Ending vicious cycles
education. Health educators assist people create There is a strong relationship between water,
healthy behaviors, set reasonable objectives, and sanitation, health, hunger, poverty, and education. In
navigate the complicated healthcare system by order to help families and communities overcome the
offering knowledge, tools, and support. cycles of poverty, hunger, and illness, education is
Promoting a holistic approach to health that takes into vital. People can have more possibilities to develop
account the interdependence of the mind, body, and their abilities and skills, improve their employment
spirit is the goal of health and wellness education, prospects, and earn the money they need to meet their
which goes beyond only preventing illness or treating families' nutritional needs through education.
its symptoms. The significance of self-care, self- Additionally, education can assist communities and
compassion, and self-advocacy in preserving people in gaining the knowledge necessary to lessen
optimum health and quality of life is emphasized. [1] the causes of hunger.

A high-quality education increases the likelihood that 2. Lifting people out of poverty
children and young people will be healthy, and The key to boosting prosperity and permanently
healthy people are better learners. eradicating poverty is education. According to the
Global Education Monitoring Report, if every kid in
There are many obstacles that students around the low-income nations graduated from school with a
world must overcome in order to complete their rudimentary understanding of reading, 171 million
education and prepare for their futures. Some of these people could be lifted out of poverty. This equates to
have to do with their health and welfare. By lowering a 12% reduction in world poverty. Furthermore, just
health-related obstacles to learning, such as gender one additional year of education can raise both
inequality, HIV and other STIs, early and unplanned individual and national prosperity: the annual GDP
pregnancy, violence and discrimination, and can rise by 0.37% and an individual's earnings can
malnutrition, UNESCO seeks to improve the rise by up to 10%.
physical, mental, and overall well-being of all
students during and after their education. 3. Ending hunger
Millions of people still go hungry even though the
It is obvious how education affects health and globe produces enough food to meet everyone's
wellbeing. Through education, students acquire the nutritional needs, as Amartya Sen showed. In fact,
knowledge, values, and attitudes necessary to make according to the World Food Programme's most
wise decisions, live happy, healthy lives, and interact recent statistics, over 821 million people do not eat
positively with others. Academic performance and enough.
attendance at school might be negatively impacted by
poor health. All children and youth must attend safe, Food waste, poverty, inequality, war, lack of access to
inclusive schools that promote their health in order to education, and crises brought on by climate change
study. are all directly linked to hunger. Families with low
educational attainment are more likely to experience
According to statistics, moms with greater levels of hunger and hunger-related illnesses. This isn't just
education had better nutrition and vaccination rates because they had to decide between funding their
for their kids while also lowering HIV infections, kids' education and purchasing food due to a lack of
maternal mortality, and avoidable child deaths. All cash and opportunity to get it. This is also related
females completing elementary school would save since their chances of finding employment, providing
98,000 lives by reducing maternal deaths by two for their families, and escaping the poverty and
thirds. If all females finished secondary school, there hunger traps are diminished when they lack academic
would be a two-thirds decrease in child marriages and abilities. Furthermore, studies by the World Food
a rise in the use of contemporary contraceptives. Programme demonstrate that children who are
UNESCO defines education for health and well-being malnourished do worse in school, finding it extremely
as robust, health-promoting educational systems that difficult to focus and having less learning
incorporate school health and well-being as an opportunities.
essential component of their everyday work. Only
then will our students be ready to study, grow, and 4. Increased Health
create sustainable, peaceful, and healthy futures for Campaigns for education have been essential in
everybody. [2] preventing sickness. One important line of defense
against the effect and spread of AIDS, for example, is
education. There is mounting evidence that young

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people with greater levels of education are less likely activities could be improved by emphasizing
to engage in casual intercourse and more likely to use cognitive performance and implementing appropriate
condoms than their less educated peers in nations Health Promoting School (HPS) framework
with serious epidemics. For sexual and reproductive components. Using dynamic tools that complement
health care services to combat gender-based violence the curriculum and providing teachers with
and inequality, comprehensive sexuality education opportunities for professional development are also
programs must be developed through systematic essential. The paper's recommendations include ways
educational processes. In addition to increasing to improve health promotion and health education as
secondary school enrollment, this has a deterrent well as a potential framework for putting traffic safety
effect on adolescent pregnancy and child marriage. education (TSE) programs into schools.
Lastly, higher education systems must support the Education in Health and Psychological Wellness
training of experts in health and welfare promotion. Providing people with health-related knowledge and
Scaling up educational programs to create awareness is the foundation of health education.
multidisciplinary service delivery teams, which Because people are so driven to raise their
comprise a carefully balanced mix of clinicians, educational standards, health education plays a vital
community health workers, and health managers, is function in modern culture. When people are properly
"clearly urgent and essential," according to the World informed about their health concerns, public health
Health Organization. can advance. Students' efforts to advance their health
5. Accessing Clean Water rise over time when they are inspired to do so.
Through education, people can acquire the knowledge Students' conduct and academic performance improve
and skills necessary to assert, defend, and help create when they have access to health education.
improved health and hygiene conditions in their local Students' awareness of health education increases
communities and, more broadly, throughout their when they have a strong desire to learn about their
nations. Building the capacity of parents, families, health. Enrollment and education-related courses are
teachers, and students has a direct impact on daily required of the pupils. Students must be in good
living and can facilitate the pursuit of culturally physical and mental health in order to achieve well
relevant community solutions. [3] academically. Students give improving their health a
Barriers to advancing well-being and integrated lot of thought while they are physically capable. On
health the other hand, students are not expected to raise their
The inertia of a large public health system that has health standards while they are physically ill.
prioritized physical health as the end objective is one Although health education is essential for people, it
of the main obstacles. Physical health is manageable should be enhanced throughout time to improve
since it is tangible, quantifiable, intelligible, and people's behavior and knowledge. Students learn how
factual. In light of this fact, practitioners will to enhance their physical and mental well-being when
inevitably be under pressure to advance aims that they are exposed to health education. Students who
align with national physical health objectives and are physically well have the stamina to learn more
goals, which will guide procedures for allocating effectively and perform better in both extracurricular
funds and other resources. and academic settings.

The unpredictable nature of dealing with aspects of However, students may have difficulties in raising
health that are ethereal, seem unquantifiable, and their level of health if they are unaware of health
have little to no standard explanation is another education. In industrialized nations, those who create
challenge. Each aspect of health must be educational policies prioritize the health education of
appropriately defined, applied, and have a method of students. Students in wealthy countries are far more
justifiable, trustworthy measurement in contrast to adept at improving their health in this way.
this pitiful unpredictability in order to be a valid Therefore, because they are not given a proper
endpoint for health education programmers. For many education that promotes health, kids in poor countries
of the most important health domains, this has not yet are less productive in their health. Improving
occurred. In addition to having a positive impact on students' health and raising their awareness of health
physical and mental health outcomes, high levels of issues are the main goals of health education. When
spiritual, emotional, and social well-being can also compared to pupils who are not pushed to enhance
boost the desire to participate in healthy activities, their mental health, those who have strong mental
which is the real goal of health education. Even if health perform more productively. The researchers
every school participates in health promotion and talked about psychological well-being and health
health education programs, school health-related education separately, but they didn't come up with a

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way to assess how health education affects students' domain expresses contentment with life and school.
psychological well-being directly. The eudaimonic view's proponents frequently define
Review of Literature: well-being as performing well in school and
In order to highlight significant challenges affecting concentrate on a variety of areas that reflect the best
the connection between mental health and education, possible student functioning, like school engagement
this study explores several current theories about (Thorsteinsen & Vittersø, 2018). However, the
mental health, wellness, and schooling. Although this multifaceted nature of student well-being cannot be
research focuses specifically on concepts and fully captured or evaluated by either a hedonic or
practices in England, the conclusions have broader eudaimonic perspective alone (Thorsteinsen &
worldwide implications because schools around the Vittersø, 2018). This flaw could lead to the exclusion
world are expected to address children's and of crucial domains while assessing the construct. To
adolescents' mental health needs (WHO, 2017). [4] provide a more comprehensive measure of students'
well-being at school, an integrative mapping of the
Environmental influences are described by domains that are available in the body of existing
Bronfenbrenner (1994) as a setting for child work is required. [7]
development. By using this ecological theory, It could be necessary for individual teachers and
Bronfenbrenner highlights how crucial it is to schools as a whole to incorporate a number of novel
examine children in a variety of settings in order to ideas into their management and instructional
have a more thorough understanding of their strategies in order to better support health and well-
development. The microsystem, or the individual's being and meet the goals of these reforms. According
experience in situations that are closely relevant to to a qualitative study on teacher-student connections,
them, is the level that is closest to the child. The teachers believed that their close relationships and
home and school environments are examples of more discussion of subjects outside of the classroom
microsystems. Although families and schools are helped students' mental health (Maelan, Tjomsland
separate microsystems for children, their interactions 2018). However, only data from teachers were
will have an impact on how the children develop. gathered for this study. In fact, a large portion of the
Ensuring children have a positive school experience literature on the importance of school personnel to
as they acquire the necessary cognitive skills is student well-being has thus far tended to minimize
crucial. According to research, positive emotions or "school staff" to "teachers" and overlook the
feelings of pleasure serve as both markers of expanding range of support positions in schools and
wellbeing and the foundation for future well-being their potential to contribute to students' well-being.
development. Negative emotions, on the other hand, [8]
will limit one's capacity for thought and conduct and
diminish the source of learning and adaptability. [5] The need for students to have an alternative to
teaching staff when it comes to choose who to
From elementary school through high school, kids approach was emphasized, even though this study
spend a significant amount of time in school. showed that both teaching and support personnel can
Indonesian youngsters spend an average of five to be seen as approachable. This might be because of the
eight hours a day in school, engaging with staff, professional aspect of the teacher-student interaction,
teachers, and peers. Schools can have an affect on a which views teachers as authoritative figures and may
child's well-being in both positive and negative ways, make it challenging to bring up delicate subjects
depending on the situation. According to Greenberg (Hargreaves, 2000). This demonstrates the necessity
et al. (2003), schools serve as crucial settings for of having support personnel committed to health and
teaching a variety of life skills as well as fostering wellbeing. Furthermore, the primary distinction
interpersonal connections and identity development. between how teaching and support staff were
On the other hand, students may encounter stress perceived was how helpful it was to establish
related to schoolwork and other adverse situations trustworthy relationships with students by providing
that really lower their subjective well-being. [6] them with time and space for well-being. This could
Hedonic and eudaimonic viewpoints are two different help to promote well-being in the educational system.
philosophical stances that have historically served as It is believed that this time and location gave support
the foundation for the idea of well-being. Proponents staff members a better understanding of the
of the hedonic perspective emphasize the cognitive backgrounds of the kids, which could help them be
and affective domains and define well-being as the more proactive in addressing health and wellbeing
state of feeling good. While the affective domain concerns. [9]
reflects both positive (e.g. joy) and negative (e.g. In recent years, there has been a significant increase
anxiety) emotions associated to school, the cognitive in the amount of research on wellbeing and concern

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for the welfare of teachers and pupils. Students'  To Study the Role of Health and well- being in
perceived mental health crisis, teachers' and students' Education
high levels of stress in the age of high-stakes testing,
Research Methodology:
and the shortcomings of neoliberal educational policy This study's overall design was exploratory. The
based on purported links between economic growth research paper is an endeavor that relies on secondary
and high reading, math, and science scores have all
data collected from reliable sources, including
contributed to the worry (Spratt, 2017). [10] newspapers, textbooks, journals, and the internet. The
Thus, the emphasis of the educational goals conveyed research design of the study is mostly descriptive.
to educators and learners is on "doing well" in Around the world, a lot of research has been done on
accordance with neoliberal educational principles. In school well-being employing participants from
our work, teachers acknowledge that "doing well" has different school levels, genders, tactics, and factors
numerous protective benefits for some people, but that influence school well-being. Reviewing the
they also see that focusing on education's limited concept of school well-being, the topic, the tools, and
definition of success damages relationships between the variables affecting school well-being in Indonesia
instructors and students as well as their ability to be is the goal of this essay. The impact of school well-
inclusive and adaptable. According to Wilson et al. being on pupils will be beneficial and help to improve
(Citation 2023a), these are the cornerstones of "being their quality both academically and extra-curricular,
well." According to the teachers in our most recent making it a topic worth investigating further. This
study, a more expansive concept of "doing well" study searched Schi-Hub, Pub Med, Science Direct,
would emerge if "being well" were made the Google Scholar, and Open Knowledge Access as part
educational priority. Despite the neoliberal approach's of a research review methodology. According to the
assumption that "being well" leads to "doing well," study's findings, schools can implement a number of
the opposite is actually true. [11] tactics to enhance the academic wellbeing of their
pupils, such as setting up seating arrangements for
Objectives:
students according to gender and offering a variety of
 To Evaluate and Understand the concept of health
intra-curricular and extracurricular activities. To find
and wellness
out which factors have the biggest effects on school
 To Develop life skills for achieving enhanced
well-being, the next researcher must likewise test or
Learning Outcomes related to health and
search for the determinants that influence it.
wellness.
Result and Discussion:
Health-Promoting Schools and Systems:
The eight global standards are a framework of interrelated components (Fig.1) That include community
collaborations (standard 4), governance structures (standards 1–4), and school operations (standards 5–8). A
systems approach guarantees the sustainable promotion of health and well-being policies, methods, and
resources in all facets of school life. This calls for capacity-building, distributed leadership models, cross-
sectoral cooperation, participatory procedures, and efficient monitoring and assessment. [12,13]

Figure 1: The eight global standards for health-promoting schools and

systems (Source: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/)

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Conceptions of Wellbeing:
The term "wellbeing" is widely used in academic and popular discourse across a wide range of fields and
specialties. Ereaut and Whiting (2008) have mapped its expansion in the UK since the 1970s, adding several
interpretations to it but not much in common beyond the statement "it's a good thing." Some people interpret the
absence of critical analysis and uncertainty surrounding wellbeing as the function and usage of wellbeing
discourse. According to these scholars, the term "wellbeing" has gained significant policy impact from a critical
discourse standpoint. [14]

Figure 2: Dual-factor model of wellbeing and mental health difficulties [Source:

wileyonlinelibrary.com]
According to modern positive psychology, wellbeing is a complicated idea that can be divided into two
categories: subjective wellbeing, which is related to subjective experiences, and objective wellbeing, which is
defined as having the resources to meet fundamental needs in terms of social norms and values. Many concepts,
including happiness and thriving, are linked to subjective wellbeing and are frequently used interchangeably. A
focus on emotions (hedonic wellbeing) and what is considered to be the best functioning that constitutes a "good
life" (eudaimonic wellbeing) are distinguished within the context of subjective wellbeing. [15]
Some wellbeing models, like the PERMA model, which covers P for positive feelings, E for engagement, R for
relationships, M for meaning, and A for accomplishments, combine hedonic and eudaemonic forms. The
intricacy of wellness in the context of child protection has been addressed by others. These notions of wellbeing,
however, are primarily focused on individuals (see to Figure 3) [16]. This has led to criticism that the idea of
wellbeing places too much emphasis on how individuals feel and behave and not enough on the social groups
and communities that they are a part of. This suggests that the ecological wellbeing framework's collective
measures of social relationships need to be expanded. Similar to this, Taylor (2011) has questioned the focus on
marketized and individualized wellbeing, which takes away from the collective social provision of material
conditions that greatly influence individual wellbeing. His view of wellbeing is relational, contextual, and a
process rather than merely an outcome. This critique of individual wellbeing is unduly centered on rational
cognitive action, minimizes emotions, and ignores people who live "well enough" yet fall short of the "wellbeing
ideal." In such an ecological, social, and relational approach to wellbeing, schools undoubtedly play a big part.
[17, 18]

Figure 3: Types of wellbeing [Source: wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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Allardt's model of well-being has served as the foundation for the development of a conceptual model of school
well-being known as the School Well-being Model (Figure 4). By using the research on school evaluation and
school health, it has been tailored to the educational environment. According to this approach, learning and
achievement, teaching and education, and well- being are all interrelated. "Teaching and education" has an
impact on all aspects of wellbeing and is linked to learning. Health education is a crucial component of
education that aims to improve students' health literacy. Here, the School Well-being Model (Figure 4) is shown
from the perspective of the student. Although it would appear somewhat comparable to teachers and other school
staff, several of the indicators in the well-being categories would need to be modified. It would also be necessary
to replace "teaching and education" with more appropriate supplemental education. "Learning" could be
enhanced by professional accomplishments. [19,20]

Figure 4: The School Well-being Model. [21]

Health and Well-Being Aspects

Figure 5: Dimensions of Health and Well-being

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"A conscious, intentional process that necessitates an individual's awareness and decision-making for a more
fulfilling lifestyle." Swarbrick developed an eight-dimensional model of wellness in order to provide a strong
framework for wellness initiatives. These encompass the following: financial, occupational, spiritual, social,
intellectual, emotional/mental, and environmental. This methodology's strength-focused approach to establishing
and strengthening new habits in people's everyday routines and habits has been found to be its most successful
aspect. There are close relationships between these eight dimensions. When these eight factors are combined, the
result is optimal wellness. See Fig. 5 as well.
Physical wellness: This dimension encompasses all aspects of health that are related to the physical attributes of
the body, such as diet, exercise, weight control, personal hygiene, alcohol and tobacco use, diseases and how to
prevent them, and more.
Spiritual well-being: Every person has a unique spiritual well-being. It is all about reaching out and raising
awareness of one's meaning and purpose for being in this world, as well as developing a meaning for life that
extends beyond one's physical self. By improving your relationships with nature, yourself, and other people, you
may bring harmony and calm into your life.
Social Wellness: We need to keep up our ties with friends, family, and coworkers since we are social animals.
One of the finest ways to improve your social graces is to get engaged in your community and contribute.
Emotional well-being: The emotional component emphasizes acknowledging and embracing one's feelings. It
involves a person's emotional intelligence, which allows them to comprehend and control their own emotions in
response to their surroundings. Your capacity to identify and accept a broad spectrum of emotions in both
yourself and other people is essential to emotional wellness.
Financial wellness: This includes all facets of financial well-being, including competence and understanding in
managing expenditure and budgeting. Emotional stress can be brought on by financial uncertainty. As a result,
being financially aware and prepared is crucial.
Occupational Wellness: This encompasses all aspects of health related to job satisfaction or career satisfaction.
That entails a profession that will enrich and fulfill one personally. To avoid professional stress, it is better to
pick a career that fits with our personal values, interests, and beliefs than to pick one that doesn't fulfill us.
Intellectual wellness: A person's creative, fascinating psychological endeavors are revealed by their intellectual
component. This idea means learning throughout one's life and applying what one has learnt to spread it around
the world. People will be able to pursue their passions and keep opening doors for others by helping and
supporting others. [22]
A worldwide imperative for health and well-being in education
In this regard, the United Nations (UN) acknowledges that education is crucial to children's worldwide
development and a major contributor to the health of young people. While our Unesco Chair on Educational
Health and Sustainable Development is specifically focused on addressing the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), with special attention to SDG3 regarding the promotion of "good health and wellbeing" and SDG4 to
"ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all," the UN
agency UNESCO is focused on putting the educational commitments set by the UN "2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development" into action (Figure 6). Due to socioeconomic disadvantages, vulnerable social groups
are more likely to develop unhealthy behaviors in Southern Italy, where schoolchildren live. The Unesco Chair's
school-based activities aim to prevent harmful habits and promote wellbeing among these students.

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Figure 6: School System: education and wellbeing promotion in the frame of Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (Source: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)
The improvement of children's physical, mental, and social health should be the main priority of educational
systems, in addition to students' academic success, when considering holistic individual development. Since
educators have the chance to positively impact students' lifelong learning and strive to lessen health disparities
among young people, we believe that schools may be the best place to showcase educational health-related
solutions. [23]
Conclusion: to the accomplishment of both personal and
Schools have a significant role in promoting students' professional goals when they actively enhance their
wellbeing and mental health. Academic health and well-being. Participation in sports and
accomplishment is one aspect of the learning process physical activities, the implementation of targeted
that will benefit from students' well-being. As a programs, the creation of safe environments, the
result, it is critical that policymakers include student encouragement of leadership, collaboration, and
well-being in educational objectives beyond academic parental support, the emphasis on lifelong healthy
success. A good school is one that fosters both eating habits, the midday meal program, and the
academic success and student well-being. Give staff maintenance of sociable terms and relationships with
members and instructors the information and abilities others are all factors in educational institutions that
they need to better support the wellbeing of their contribute to the promotion of health and well-being.
students. Assisting children' well-being in school also
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD73837 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 1 | Jan-Feb 2025 Page 194