AL- RASHEED UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
Computer Engineering Techniques Department
Modern Computer Network Techniques
B.E Course – 4th Year - 2024-2025
Internet of Things (IoT)
• Computer Networks
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• How IoT works?
• Applications of IoT
Outlines
• IoT Technologies
• IoT Challenges
• Future of IoT
• References
COMPUTER
NETWORKS
A set of devices connected through links. A node can be computer, printer, or
any other device capable of sending or receiving the data.
COMPUTER NETWORKS
Network Types
PAN - Personal Area Network
LAN - Local Area Network
WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
GAN - Global Area Network
WAN - Wide Area Network
VPN - Virtual Private Network
SAN - Storage Area Network
CAN - Controller Area Network
DAN - Desk Area Network
COMPUTER NETWORKS
The Internet
The wider network that allows computer networks around the world run by
companies, governments, universities and other organizations to talk to one
another. (Network of Networks)
Internet of Internet of Things
Things
A network of Internet connected objects able to collect and
exchange data. In a simple way to put it, You have "things"
that sense and collect data and send it to the internet.
INTERNET of THINGS (IoT)
• The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing
devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people
that are provided with unique identifiers ( UIDs ) and the ability to
transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or
human-to-computer interaction.
• A thing in the IoT can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm
animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in
sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low or any other
natural or man-made object that can be assigned an IP address and is
able to transfer data over a network.
• IoT is a sensor network of billions of smart devices that connect
people, systems and other applications to collect and share data.
INTERNET of THINGS (IoT)
• IoT is a concept of connecting any device with an ON and OFF switch
to the Internet (and/or to each other). This includes everything from
cellphones, coffee makers, washing machines, headphones, lamps,
wearable devices and almost anything else you can think of. This also
applies to components of machines, for example a jet engine of an
airplane or the drill of an oil rig – Forbes.
• The IoT is a giant network of connected "things" (which also includes
people).
• The relationship will be between people-people, people-things, and
things-things.
INTERNET of THINGS (IoT)
• Ability to access information from anywhere at any time on any device
• Improved communication between connected electronic devices
• Transferring data packets over a connected network saving time and
money
• Automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a business's
services and reducing the need for human intervention.
o Sensors/Devices
o Connectivity
o Data Processing
o User Interface
How IoT Works?
HOW IOT WORKS?
Sensors/Devices
• Sensors or devices are a key component that helps you to collect live
data from the surrounding environment.
• All this data may have various levels of complexities.
• It could be a simple temperature monitoring sensor, or it may be in the
form of the video feed.
• Humidity, Temperature, Motion, Flame, Heartbeat, …etc.
HOW IOT WORKS?
Connectivity
• All the collected data is sent to a cloud infrastructure.
• The sensors should be connected to the cloud using various mediums
of communications.
• These communication mediums include mobile or satellite networks,
Bluetooth, WI-FI, WAN, etc.
HOW IOT WORKS?
Data Processing
• Once that data is collected, and it gets to the cloud, the software
performs processing on the gathered data.
• This process can be just checking the temperature, reading on devices
like AC or heaters.
• However, it can sometimes also be very complex like identifying
objects, using computer vision on video.
HOW IOT WORKS?
User Interface
• The information needs to be available to the end-user in some way
which can be achieved by triggering alarms on their phones or sending
them notification through email or text message.
• The user sometimes might need an interface which actively checks
their IoT system.
• For example, the user has a camera installed at his home. He wants to
access video recording and all the feeds with the help of a web server.
Applications of IoT
APPLICATIONS of IoT
APPLICATIONS of IoT
APPLICATIONS of IoT
APPLICATIONS of IoT
APPLICATIONS of IoT
APPLICATIONS of IoT
o RFID
o Wi-Fi
IoT
TECHNOLOGIES
o Zig bee (XBee)
o Bluetooth
o Barcode e Qr code
IoT TECHNOLOGIES
Wi-Fi
• Wi-Fi is the wireless technology used to connect computers, tablets,
smartphones and other devices to the internet.
• Wi-Fi is the radio signal sent from a wireless router to a nearby device,
which translates the signal into data you can see and use. The device
transmits a radio signal back to the router, which connects to the
internet by wire or cable.
• Wireless Fidelity
IoT TECHNOLOGIES
RFID
• Is a form of wireless communication that incorporates the use of
electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an
object, animal or person.
• Every RFID system consists of three components: a scanning antenna,
a transceiver and a transponder.
• Radio Frequency Identification.
IoT TECHNOLOGIES
Zig Bee (XBee)
• Zig Bee: Is a wireless communications protocol for low-power, local area
wireless mesh networking with modern security, that is standards-based, and
operates on global frequencies. It’s commonly used in home automation,
smart energy, wireless sensing and industrial automation.
• Xbee: Is a brand name that refers to a family of devices from Digi
International. Digi XBee radio modules share common form factors, a
standard host interface, supporting tools and software, and a group of
protocols to select from including Wi-Fi, LTE cellular, DigiMesh® as well as
Zigbee. Therefore there are XBee modules running the Zigbee protocol, but
not every XBee is Zigbee, or vice versa.
IoT TECHNOLOGIES
Bluetooth
• Bluetooth technology allows devices to communicate with each other
without cables or wires.
• Bluetooth relies on short-range radio frequency, and any device that
incorporates the technology can communicate as long as it is within
the required distance.
• Many personal electronic devices (PEDs) use Bluetooth technology. For
example, you may be able to operate your computer with a wireless
keyboard or use a wireless headset to talk on your mobile phone.
• Insufficient testing and updating
• Concern regarding data security and privacy
• Software complexity
• Data volumes and interpretation
IoT CHALLENGES
• Integration with AI and automation
• Devices require a constant power supply which is
difficult
• Interaction and short-range communication
Drawbacks
FUTURE of IoT
2015
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FUTURE of IoT
COURSEWORK
[7] David Hanes, Gonzalo Salgueiro, Patrick Grossetete, Rob Barton and
Jerome Henry, IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols and
Use Cases for Internet of Things, Cisco Press, 2017.
REFERENCES
