Quarter 1 - Module 1:

Functions

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
key concepts of functions specifically on representing functions in real life
situations. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recall the concepts of relations and functions;
2. define and explain functional relationship as a mathematical model of situation; and
3. represent real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise function.

What I Know

Before you proceed with this module, let’s assess what you have already know about the
lesson.

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one
value in the range by some rules?
a. Function c. Domain
b. Range d. Independent

2. Which of the following relations is/are function/s?

a. x = {(1,2), (3,4), (1,7), (5,1)}
b. g = {(3,2), (2,1), (8,2), (5,7)}
c. h = {(4,1), (2,3), (2, 6), (7, 2)}
d. y = {(2,9), (3,4), (9,2), (6,7)}

3. In a relation, what do you call the set of x values or the input?

a. Piecewise c. Domain
b. Range d. Dependent

4. What is the range of the function shown by the diagram?

a.R:{3, 2, 1}
b. R:{a, b}
c. R:{3, 2, 1, a, b}
d. R:{all real numbers}

1
5. Which of the following tables represent a function?
a.
x 0 1 1 0
y 4 5 6 7

b. x -1 -1 3 0
y 0 -3 0 3

x 1 2 1 -2
c.
y -1 -2 -2 -1

x 0 -1 3 2
d.
y 3 4 5 6

6. Which of the following real-life relationships represent a function?

a. The rule which assigns to each person the name of his aunt.
b. The rule which assigns to each person the name of his father.
c. The rule which assigns to each cellular phone unit to its phone number.
d. The rule which assigns to each person a name of his pet.

7. Which of the following relations is NOT a function?

a. The rule which assigns a capital city to each province.
b. The rule which assigns a President to each country.
c. The rule which assigns religion to each person.
d. The rule which assigns tourist spot to each province.

8. A person is earning ₱500.00 per day for doing a certain job. Which of the following
expresses the total salary S as a function of the number n of days that the person
works?
a. S(n)=500+n
500
b. S(n)=
n
c. S(n)=500 n
d. S(n)=500−n

For number 9 - 10 use the problem below.

During GCQ, the proposed tricycle fare in Lucena City is ₱15.00 for the first 4 km of
travel and ₱2.00 for each additional kilometer over the proposed fare.

9. How much a passenger would pay for a 2-kilometer travel?

a. ₱5.00
b. ₱7.50
c. ₱15.00
d. ₱17.00

10.Find the fare function f(x) where x represents the number of kilometers travelled.
a. f (x)=15+2 x
b. f (x)=15.00−2.00 x
c. f (x)=15.00 x
2
 15
d. f (x)=
2x

For number 11 - 12 use the problem below.

A jeepney ride in Lucena costs ₱ 9.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each additional
kilometers adds ₱0.75 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the
jeepney fare F in terms of the distance d in kilometers.

{
F (d )= 11.¿
12. ¿
11.
a. F (d )={ 9 if 0> d ≤ 4
b. F (d )={ 9 if 0< d< 4
c. F (d )={ 9 if 0 ≥ d ≥ 4
d. F (d )={ 9 if 0< d ≤ 4
12.

a. F (d )={ 9+ 0.75 ( n ) if 0>d ≤ 4

b. F (d )={ ( 9+ 0.75 ) if d >4

c. F (d )={ ( 9+ 0.75 ) if d <4
d. F (d )=¿

For number 13 – 15 use the problem below.

Under a certain Law, the first ₱30,000.00 of earnings are subjected to 12% tax, earning
greater than ₱30,000.00 and up to ₱50,000.00 are subjected to 15% tax, and earnings
greater than ₱50,000.00 are taxed at 20%.

Write a piecewise function that models this situation.

{
13.¿
t (x)= 14.¿
15.¿

13.

a. t ( x )=0.12 x if x ≤ 30,000
b. t ( x )=0.12 x if x< 30,000
c. t ( x )=0.12 x if x> 30,000
d. t ( x )=0.12 x if x ≥ 30,000

14.

a. t ( x )=0.15 x if 30,000< x ≥50,000

b. t ( x )=0.15 x if 30,000< x ≤50,000
c. t ( x )=0.15 x if 30,000 ≤ x ≥ 50,000
d. t ( x )=0.15 x if 30,000 ≥ x ≥ 50,000

15.

a. t ( x )=0.20 x if x ≥ 50,000
b. t ( x )=0.20 x if x ≤ 50,000
c. t ( x )=0.20 x if x >50,000
d. t ( x )=0.20 x if x <50,000

3
 Lesso
n Representing Real-Life
1 Situations Using Functions
Welcome to the first lesson of your General Mathematics. This lesson will give you
the practical application of functions in a real-life scenario including the piece-wise function.
When you are in Grade 8, you already encountered relation and function. But in this
module, let’s take into a deeper sense on how this topic can be useful in our daily life. Are
you all ready?

What’s In

Before we proceed in representing real-life scenario using function, let’s go back to where
we start. What have you remembered about relations and functions?

A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first elements of the ordered pairs is
called the domain of the relation, and the set of all second elements is called the range.

A function is a relation or rule of correspondence between two elements (domain and

range) such that each element in the domain corresponds to exactly one element in the
range.

To further understand function, let’s study the following.

Given the following ordered pairs, which relations are functions?

A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}

B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}

C = {(1,0), (0, 1, (-1,0), (0,-1)}

D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}

You are right! The relations A and B are functions because each element in the domain
corresponds to a unique element in the range. Meanwhile, relations C and D are not
functions because they contain ordered pairs with the same domain [C = (0,1) and (0,-1), D
= (a,b) and (a,d)].

How about from the given table of values, which relation shows a function?
A.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2 4 6 8 10 12
B.
x 4 -3 1 2 5
y -5 -2 -2 -2 0

C.
x 0 -1 4 2 -1
y 3 4 0 -1 1
4
That’s right! A and B are functions since all the values of x corresponds to exactly one value
of y. Unlike table C, where -1 corresponds to two values, 4 and 1.

We can also identify a function given a diagram. On the following mapping diagrams, which
do you think represent functions?

Domain Range
A.

a x

b y

B.
x a

y b

C.

Jana Ken

Dona Mark

Maya Rey

You are correct! The relations A and C are functions because each element in the domain
corresponds to a unique element in the range. However, B is a mere relation and not
function because there is a domain which corresponds to more than one range.

How about if the given are graphs of relations, can you identify which are functions? Do you
still remember the vertical line test? Let’s recall.

A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by graph in the

Cartesian plane, and that a function passes the vertical line test.

A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical line drawn passing through

the graph intersects it at exactly one point.

Using the vertical line test, can you identify the graph/s of function?
A. C.

5
 B. D.

Yes, that’s right! A and C are graphs of functions while B and D are not because they do
not pass the vertical line test.

In Mathematics, we can represent functions in different ways. It can be represented

through words, tables, mappings, equations and graphs.

What’s New

We said that for a relation to become a function, the value of the domain must correspond
to a single value of the range. Let’s read some of the conversations and determine if they
can be classified as function or not.

Scenario 1: J une and Mae are in a long-time relationship until J une realized
that he wants to marry Mae.

If I said yes, what

We’re together for the could you promise me?
last 7 years and I
believe you are my
forever. Will you marry
me?

I love you too and I will

marry you.
I promise to love you
forever, to be faithful
and loyal to you until
my last
Scenario 2:breath.
Kim is
a naturally born Filipino but because of her eyes, many people
confused if she is a Chinese. Let’s see how she responds to her new classmates
who are asking if she’s a Chinese.

6
 Hey classmate, are
you a Chinese?

Haha, many have

said that. But my
veins run a pure
Filipino blood.

Hey Kim, can you

teach me some Haha, many have
Chinese language? said that. But my
veins run a pure
Filipino blood.

Kim, I thought you are I love Chinese, but

a Chinese because of I’m sorry I can’t teach
your feature. you because I am
Filipino. I was born
Filipino and will die as
Filipino.
Scenario 3: As part of their requirements in Statistics class, Andrei made a
survey on the religion of his classmates and here’s what he found out.
Andrei: Good morning classmates, as our requirement in Statistics may I
know your religion. This data will be part of my input in the survey that I am
doing.
Ana 1: I am a Catholic.
Kevin: I am also a Catholic.
Sam: I am a member of the Iglesia ni Cristo.
Joey: I am a Born Again Christian.
Lanie: My family is a Muslim.
Jen: We are sacred a Catholic Family.
Andrei: Thank you classmates for your responses.
Reflect on this!
1. From the above conversations, which scenario/s do you think can be classified as
function? ____________________________________________________________________

2. State the reason/s why or why not the above scenarios a function.

Scenario 1:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Scenario 2:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Scenario 3:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

What is It
Functions as representations of real-life situations

Functions can often be used to model real-life situations. Identifying an appropriate

functional model will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.

The above scenarios are all examples of relations that show function. Marriage is an
example of function when there is faith and loyalty. Let say, June is the domain and Mae is
the range, when there is faithfulness in their marriage, there will be one-to-one relationship
- one domain to one range. But if June tries to look for someone else, the relation is not a
function anymore since June will have two wives (range).
7
Nationality could also illustrate a function. We expect that at least a person has one
nationality. Let say Kim is the domain and her nationality is the range, therefore there is a
one-to-one relationship. Since Kim was born and live in the Philippines, she can never have
multiple nationalities except Filipino.

Religion is also an example of function because a person can never have two religions.
Inside the classroom, three classmates said that they are Catholic. This shows a many-to-
one relationship. Classmates being the domain and religion being the range indicate that
different values of domain can have one value of range.

Can you name other real-life situations that show functions?

The Function Machine

Function can be illustrated as a machine where there is the input and the output. When you
put an object into a machine, you expect a product as output after the process being done
by the machine. For example, when you put an orange fruit into a juicer, you expect an
orange juice as the output and not a grape juice. Or you will never expect to have two kinds
of juices - orange and grapes.

INPUTS

OUPUTS
Function
Machine

You have learned that function can be represented by equation. Since output (y) is
dependent on input (x), we can say that y is a function of x. For example, if a function
machine always adds three (3) to whatever you put in it. Therefore, we can derive an
equation of x + 3 = y or f(x) = x+ 3 where f(x) = y.

Let’s try the following real-life situation.

A. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a function H that can represent the height
of a person in a age, if every year the height is added by 2 inches.

Solution:

Since every year the height is added by 2 inches, then the height function is
H (a)=2+a
B. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a function D that can represent the
distance a car travels in t time, if every hour the car travels 60 kilometers.

Solution:

Since every hour, the car travels 60 kilometers, therefore the distance function
is given by D(t )=60 t

C. Give a function B that can represent the amount of battery charge of a cellular phone
in h hour, if 12% of battery was loss every hour.

Solution:

8
 Since every hour losses 12% of the battery, then the amount of battery
function is B(h)=100−0.12 h

D. Squares of side x are cut from each corner of a 10 in x 8 in rectangle, so that its
sides can be folded to make a box with no top. Define a function in terms of x that can
represent the volume of the box.
Solution:
The length and width of the box are 10 - 2x and 8 - 2x, respectively. Its height
is x. Thus, the volume of the box can be represented by the function.
2 3
V (x )=(10−2 x)(8−2 x)( x )=80 x−36 x + 4 x

Piecewise Functions

There are functions that requires more than one formula in order to obtain the given output.
There are instances when we need to describe situations in which a rule or relationship
changes as the input value crosses certain boundaries. In this case, we need to apply the
piecewise function.

A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is used to define the
output. Each formula has its own domain, and the domain of the function is the union of all
these smaller domains. We notate this idea like this:

{
formula 1 if x is in domain 1
f (x)= formula 2 if x is in domain 2
formula 3 if x is in domain 3
Look at these examples!

A. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 200
free text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged ₱1.00 each. Represent
the monthly cost for text messaging using the function t(m), where m is the number
of messages sent in a month.
Answer:
For sending messages of not exceeding 200
t (m)= {(250+
250if 0<m ≤200
m ) if m>200 In case the messages sent were more than 200

B. A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more than 5
pieces they will mark down to a price of ₱48.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function to
represent the cost in terms of the number of chocolate bars bought.
Answer:

{( 48 n ) if n>5
50 if 0<n ≤ 5 For buying 5 chocolate bars or less
f (n)=
For buying more than 5 chocolate bars

C. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is ₱250.00 per head for
50 persons or less, ₱200.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons, and ₱150.00 per head for
more than 100. Represent the total cost as a piecewise function of the number of
attendees to the party.

Answer:
Cost for a service to at least 50 persons

{
250 if n ≤ 50
C (h)= 200 if 51≤ n ≥ 100 Cost for a service to 51 t0 100 persons
150if n>100
Cost for a service to at least 50 persons

9
 What’s More

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of your paper.

Independent Practice 1

1. A person is earning ₱750.00 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary S as a
function of the number n of days that the person works.
Answer:
S(n) = _________ (Hint: Think of the operation needed in order to
obtain the total salary?)

2. Xandria rides through a jeepney which charges ₱ 8.00 for the first 4 kilometers and
additional ₱0.50 for each additional kilometer. Express the jeepney fare (F) as function of
the number of kilometers (d) that Xandria pays for the ride.
Answer:
F(d) = __________ (Hint: Aside from the usual fare charge, don’t
forget to include in the equation the additional
fare charge for the exceeding distance)

Independent Assessment 1

1. A computer shop charges ₱15.00 in every hour of computer rental. Represent your
computer rental fee (R) using the function R(t) where t is the number of hours you spent
on the computer.
Answer:

2. Squares of side a are cut from each corner of a 8 in x 6 in rectangle, so that its
sides can be folded to make a box with no top. Represent a function in terms of a that
can define the volume of the box.
Answer:

Independent Practice 2
1. A tricycle ride costs ₱10.00 for the first 2 kilometers, and each additional kilometer adds
₱8.00 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the tricycle fare in terms of the
distance d in kilometers.

Answer:

C (d )=¿ (Fill in the missing terms to show the

piecewise function of the problem)

2. A fee to the park of SM Lucena costs ₱25.00 for the first two hours and an extra
₱5.00 for each hour of extension. If you park for more than twelve hours, you
instead pay a flat rate of ₱100.00. Represent your parking fee using the
function p(t) where t is the number of hours you parked in the mall.
Answer:

10
 p(t )=
{ 25 if ¿
( 25+5 t ) if ¿ >12
(Fill in the missing terms to show the

piecewise function of the problem)

Independent Assessment 2

1. A van rental charges ₱5,500.00 flat rate for a whole-day tour in CALABARZON of 5
passengers and each additional passenger added ₱500.00 to the tour fare. Express a
piecewise function to show to represent the van rental in terms number of passenger n.

Answer:

2. An internet company charges ₱500.00 for the first 30 GB used in a month. Every
exceeding GB will then cost ₱30.00 But if the costumer reach a total of 50 GB and above,
a flat rate of ₱1,000.00 will be charge instead. Write a piecewise function C(g) that
represents the charge according to GB used?

Answer:

What I Have Learned

A. Read and analyze the following statements. If you think the statement suggests an
incorrect idea, rewrite it on the given space, otherwise leave it blank.

1. A relation is a set of ordered pairs where the first element is called the range while the
second element is the domain.

____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. A function can be classified as one-to-one correspondence, one-to-many correspondence
and many-to-one correspondence.

____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. In a function machine, the input represents the independent variable while the output is
the dependent variable.

____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
B. In three to five sentences, write the significance of function in showing real-life
situations.

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________.
C. In your own words, discuss when a piecewise function is being used.

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
11
 What I Can Do

At home or in your community, look for the at least three (3) situations that could represent
functions. From the identified situations, write a sample problem and its corresponding
function equation.
Example:
Situation: The budget for food is a function of the number of family members.
Problem: Reyes family has Php ₱1,500.00 food budget for each member of their family in a
month. Express the total food budget (B) as a function of number of family members (n) in
one month.
Function: B(x)=1500 x

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is not true about function?

a. Function is composed of two quantities where one depends on the other.
b. One-to-one correspondence is a function.
c. Many-to-one correspondence is a function.
d. One-to-many correspondence is a function.

2. In a relation, what do you call the y values or the output?

a. Piecewise
b. Range
c. Domain
d. Independent

3. Which of the following tables is NOT a representation of functions?

a.
x 2 1 0 1
y 3 6 7 2

b.
x -2 -1 0 1
y 0 -3 0 3

c.
x -1 -2 -3 -4
y 1 2 3 4

d.
x 0 2 4 6
y 6 5 4 3

4. In this table, what is the domain of the function?

12
 x 1 2 3 4 5

y a b c d e

a. D: {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
b. D: {a, b, c, d, e}
c. D: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
d. y = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, a, b, c, d}

5. Which of the following relations is/are function/s?

a. x = {(-1,2), (-3,4), (-1,7), (5,1)}
b. g = {(-3,2), (3,1), (-3,2), (5,7)}
c. h = {(6,1), (-2,3), (2, 6), (7, 2)}`
d. y = {(2,3), (3,2), (-2,3), (3, -2)}

6. Which of the following relations is/are function/s?

a. the rule which assigns to each person the name of his brother
b. the rule which assigns the name of teachers you have
c. the rule which assigns a pen and the color of its ink
d. the rule which assigns each person a surname

7. A person can encode 1000 words in every hour of typing job. Which of the following
expresses the total words W as a function of the number n of hours that the person can
encode?
a. W (n)=1000+n
1000
b. W ( n)=
n
c. W (n)=1000 n
d. W ( n)=1000−n

8. Judy is earning ₱300.00 per day for cleaning the house of Mrs. Perez and additional
₱25.00 for an hour of taking care Mrs. Perez’s child. Express the total salary (S) of Judy
including the time (h) spent for taking care the child.
a. S(x )=300+25 h
b. S(h)=300−25 h
c. S(h)=300(25 h)
300
d. S(h)=
25 h

9. Which of the following functions define the volume of a cube?

a. V =3 s, where s is the length of the edge
b. V =s 3, where s is the length of the edge
c. V =2 s3 , where s is the length of the edge
s
d. V = , where s is the length of the edge
3

10. Eighty meters of fencing is available to enclose the rectangular garden of Mang Gustin.
Give a function A that can represent the area that can be enclosed in terms of x.
a. A(x )=40 x −x2
2
b. A( x )=80 x−x
2
c. A(x )=40 x −x
2
d. A( x )=80 x −x

For number 11 - 12 use the problem below.

13
A user is charged ₱400.00 monthly for a Sun and Text mobile plan which include 500 free
texts messages. Messages in excess of 500 is charged ₱1.00. Represent a monthly cost for
the mobile plan using s(t) where t is the number of messages sent in a month.

s(t )=
{11.
¿
12. ¿

11.
a. s(t )={ 400 , if 0< t ≤ 500
b. s(t )={ 400 , if 0< t ≥ 500
c. s(t )={ 400 , if 0< t<500
d. s(t )={ 400 , if 0> t>500

12.
a. s ( t )=400+ t , if t ≥ 500
b. s ( t )=400+ t , if t ≤ 500
c. s ( t )=400+ 2t ,if t ≥500
d. s(t )=400+ 2t ,ift ≤ 500

For number 13 - 15 use the problem below.

Cotta National High School GPTA officers want to give t-shirts to all the students for
the foundation day. They found a supplier that sells t-shirt for ₱200.00 per piece but
can charge to ₱18,000.00 for a bulk order of 100 shirts and ₱175.00 for each excess
t-shirt after that. Use a piecewise function to express the cost in terms of the number
of t-shirt purchase

{
13.¿
t (s )= 14.¿ 13.
15.¿
a. t (s )={ 200 s ,if 0<s ≤100
b. t ( s )={ 200 s ,if 0 ≥ s ≤ 99
c. t ( s )={ 200 s ,if 0> s ≤ 100
d. t (s )={ 200 s ,if 0<s ≤99

14.
a. t ( s )={18,000 , if s ≥100
b. t ( s )={18,000 , if s>100
c. t ( s )={18,000 , if s=100
d. t (s )={18,000 , if s<100

15.
a. t (s )={ 18,000+175 ( s−100 ) ,if s> 100
b. t (s )={ 18,000+175 ( s−100 ) ,if s ≥ 100
c. t (s )={ 18,000+175 s , if s >100
d. t (s )={ 18,000+175 s , if s ≤ 100

14
 Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Evaluating Functions

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
key concepts of functions specifically on evaluating functions. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recall the process of substitution;
2. identify the various types of functions; and
3. evaluate functions.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a polynomial function?

a. f ( x )=2 x 2−10 x +7 p( x)=‖x 3 −7‖

c.

15
 b. g( x)=4|x 2 −3 x+8| s( x )=2m−1
d.

3
2. What kind of function is being illustrated by f ( x)=|2 x −3 x|+5 ?
a. Rational Function c. Greatest Integer Function
b. Constant Function d. Absolute Value Function

3. Find the function value given h( x )=17+8 x of x=4 d .

a. 17−32 d c.
17+32 d
2
b. 17−32 d d.
17+32 d 2

4. Which of the following shows a logarithmic function?

a. f ( x )=8 x 3 + 8 f ( x)=|3 x −6|

c.

b.
f ( x )=log 9 81 f ( x)=‖x−1‖−8
d.

5. Find the function value given h( x )=7 x−11 , if x=8 m+3 .

a. 56 m+10 c.
56 m 2 +10
b. 56 m−10 d.
56 m 2 −10

6. Which of the following is the value of the function f ( x)=|3 x 2 −15 x+5|+3 given
x = 3?
a. 25 c. 19
b. 16 d. 10

7. Evaluate the function h( x )=‖x‖+31 given x = 2.5.

a. 34 c. -33
b. -34 d. 33

8. Give the value of the of the function c ( x )=5 x 3 −18 at c (3 ) .

a. 117 c. 153
b. 27 d. 63

9. Evaluate: h( x )=5 x2 −8 x +12 given x = 5.

a. 22 c. 97
b. 145 d. -3

10.Find the value of the function h( x )=√ 5 x 2 −4 if x=6 .

a. √ 80 c.
√ 16
b. 2 √ 19 d. 4

11.Evaluate the function f ( x )=3 x 2−5 x +2 given x=2 x+ 5 .

2
a. 12 x +50 x+52 c.
12 x2 −50 x +52
2
b. 12 x +65 x+77 d.
12 x2 −65 x +77

2 x 2 −5
h( x )=
12.Given 3 , determine h(5).
a. -15 c. 15
5 5
−
b. 3 d. 3
2
x x=
13.Evaluate the function k (x )=5 if 3.
16
 a. √3 5 c.
√5
b. √ 25 d.
√3 25

2 x 2−3 x +7
g( x )=
14.Given 3 x−4 , determine g(2 ) .
9 8
a. 2 7
c.
9 8
− −
b. 2 7
d.

3 x+7
f ( x )=
15.For what values of x can we not evaluate the function x 2 −4 ?
a. ±4 c. ±2
b. ±3 d. ±1

Lesso
n
Evaluating Functions
1
Finding the value of “x” for most of the students is what Mathematics is all about.
Sometimes, it seems to be a joke for the students to evaluate an expression, like what is
shown by the illustration.
Find x.
Here it is!

So, if you still confused on how to find your “ex” after your breakup, sorry but this
module is not for you. But, if you want to learn how to find the value of “y”, well then, you
are in the right page. WELCOME to your second module!

What’s In

17
Before we begin, let’s go back to the time when you first encounter how to evaluate
expressions.

Do you still remember?

Given the following expressions, find its value if x = 3.

1. x−9
2. 3 x+ 7
2
3. x + 4 x−10
4. 2 x 2−6 x +26
2
5. 3 x −6

We have learned that, in an algebraic expression, letters can stand for numbers. And to
find the value of the expression, there are two things that you have to do.
1. Replace each letter in the expression with the assigned value.
First, replace each letter in the expression with the value that has been assigned to it.
To make your calculations clear and avoid mistakes, always enclose the numbers
you're substituting inside parentheses. The value that's given to a variable stays the
same throughout the entire problem, even if the letter occurs more than once in the
expression.
However, since variables "vary", the value assigned to a particular variable can change
from problem to problem, just not within a single problem.
2. Perform the operations in the expression using the correct order of
operations.
Once you've substituted the value for the letter, do the operations to find the value of
the expression. Don't forget to use the correct order of operations: first do any
operations involving exponents, then do multiplication and division, and finally do

If in the activity above, you do the same process in order arrive with these answers, then,
this module seems to be very easy to you.

Solutions:

Given the following expressions, find its value if x = 3.

1. x−9
Since x = 3, we just
=x−9 replaced x by 3 in the
=(3)−9 expression, then subtract by
9.
=−6

2. 3 x+ 7

=3 x+7 Following the steps, we just

=3 (3)+7 replace x by 3, multiply it by the
numerical coefficient 3, then
=9+7
add 7
=16

3. x 2 +4 x−10

18
 After replacing x by 3, we
=x 2 +4 x−10 get the squared of 3
2 which is 9, add it to the
¿(3 ) +4(3 )−10
product of 4 and 3, then
¿ 9+12−10 lastly, we subtracted 10
¿ 11 from its sum.

4. 2 x 2−6 x +26
Simply each term inside
=2 x 2 −6 x+26 the parenthesis in order to
¿ 2(3 )2−6 (3)+26 arrive with 18 subtracted
by 18 plus 26
¿ 18−18+26
¿ 26

5. 3 x 3−6

=3 x 3 −6 Get the cubed of 3 which is

27, then multiply it to 3 to
¿3(3 )3 −6 get 81 then subtract 6
¿3(27 )−6
¿81−6
¿75

What’s New

Types of Functions
Before you proceed to with this module, try to look and analyze some of the common types
of functions that you might encounter as you go on with this module.

Types of Description Example

Function
Constant Function A constant function is a function that has the
same output value no matter what your
y=7
input value is. Because of this, a constant

function has the form f ( x )=b , where b is a

constant (a single value that does not
change).
Identity Function The identity function is a function which f (2)=2
returns the same value, which was used as
its argument. In other words, the identity

function is the function f ( x )=x , for all

values of x.
Polynomial A polynomial function is defined by
Function
y=a0 +a1 x +a2 x 2 +.. .+an x n , where n is a
19
 0 1 2
non-negative integer and a , a , a ,
…, n ∈ R.
 Linear Function The polynomial function with degree one. It y=2 x +5
is in the form y=mx+b
 Quadratic If the degree of the polynomial function is
Function two, then it is a quadratic function. It is
y=3 x 2 + 2 x +5
2
expressed as y=ax +bx +c , where a ≠ 0
and a, b, c are constant and x is a variable.
 Cubic Function A cubic polynomial function is a polynomial
of degree three and can be denoted by
y=5 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 2 x +5
f ( x )=ax 3 + bx 2 + cx +d , where a ≠ 0 and
a, b, c, and d are constant & x is a variable.
Power Function A power function is a function in the form
b
f ( x )=8 x 5
y=ax where b is any real constant
number. Many of our parent functions such
as linear functions and quadratic functions
are in fact power functions.

Rational Function A rational function is any function which can

be represented by a rational fraction say,
x 2−3 x +2
p( x) f ( x )=
x 2 −4
q( x ) in which numerator, p(x) and
denominator, q(x) are polynomial functions
of x, where q(x) ≠ 0.
Exponential These are functions of the form:
function x
y=2x
y=ab ,
where x is in an exponent and a and b are
constants. (Note that only b is raised to the
power x; not a.) If the base b is greater than
1 then the result is exponential growth.
Logarithmic Logarithmic functions are the inverses of y=log 7 49
Function exponential functions, and any exponential
function can be expressed in logarithmic
form. Logarithms are very useful in
permitting us to work with very large
numbers while manipulating numbers of a
much more manageable size. It is written in
the form
y=log b x x >0 , where b> 0 and b≠ 1
Absolute Value The absolute value of any number, c is
Function represented in the form of |c|. If any function

f: R→ R is defined by f ( x)=|x|, it is known y=|x−4|+2

as absolute value function. For each non-
negative value of x, f(x) = x and for each
negative value of x, f(x) = -x, i.e.,
f(x) = {x, if x ≥ 0; – x, if x < 0.
Greatest Integer If a function f: R→ R is defined by f(x) = [x], x f ( x)=‖x‖+1
Function ∈ X. It round-off to the real number to the
integer less than the number. Suppose, the where ‖x‖is the
given interval is in the form of (k, k+1), the greatest integer
value of greatest integer function is k which function
is an integer.

What is It

Evaluating function is the process of determining the value of the function at the number
assigned to a given variable. Just like in evaluating algebraic expressions, to evaluate

20
function you just need to a.) replace each letter in the expression with the assigned value
and b.) perform the operations in the expression using the correct order of operations.

Look at these examples!

Example 1: Given f ( x )=2 x−4 , find the value of the function if x = 3.

Solution:

f (3)=2(3)−4  Substitute 3 for x in the function.

f (3)=6−4  Simplify the expression on the

right side of the equation.
f (3)=2

Answer: Given f ( x )=2 x−4 , f (3)=2

Example 2: Given g( x )=3 x 2 +7 , find g(−3) .

Solution:

g(−3 )=3(−3)2 +7  Substitute -3 for x in the function.

g(−3 )=3(9 )+7  Simplify the expression on the
g(−3 )=27+7 right side of the equation.
g(−3 )=34

Answer: Given g( x )=3 x 2 +7 , g(−3)=34

Example 3: Given p( x )=3 x 2 +5 x−2 , find p(0) and p(−1) .

Solution:

p(0 )=3(0 )2 +5 (0)−2

p(0 )=3(0 )+0−2
Treat each of these like two
p(0 )=0+0−2 separate problems. In each
p(0 )=−2 case, you substitute the value
in for x and simplify. Start
p(0 )=3(−1)2 +5(−1)−2 with x = 0, then x=-1.
p(0 )=3(1 )−5−2
p(0 )=3−5−2
p(0 )=−4

Answer: Given p( x )=3 x 2 +5 x−2 , p(0 )=−2 , p(−1)=−4

Example 4: Given f ( x )=5 x +1 , find f (h+1) .

 This time, you substitute (h
Solution: + 1) into the equation for x.
 Use the distributive property
f (h+1)=5(h+1 )+1
on the right side, and then
f (h+1)=5 h+5+1 combine like terms to
f (h+1)=5 h+6 simplify.

Answer: Given f ( x )=5 x +1 , f (h+1)=5 h+6

21
Example 5: Given g( x )=√3 x−2 , find g(9) .
Solution:

g(9 )=√ 3(9 )−2  Substitute 9 for x in the function.

g(9 )=√ 27−2  Simplify the expression on the
g(9 )=√ 25 right side of the equation.

g(9 )=5

Answer: Given g( x )=√3 x−2 , g(9 )=5

4 x +8
h( x )=
Example 6: Given 2 x−4 , find the value of function if x=−5

Solution:

4 (−5)+8
h(−5 )=  Substitute -5 for x in the function.
2(−5)−4
−20+8  Simplify the expression on the right
h(−5 )=
−10−4 side of the equation. (recall the
−12 concepts of integers and
h(−5 )= simplifying fractions)
−14
6
h(−5 )=
7
4 x +8 6
h( x )= h(−5 )=
Answer: Given 2 x−4 , 7

3
x x=
Example 7: Evaluate f ( x )=2 if 2.

Solution:

2¿

() () ( ) ()
33 ¿ 3
3

333
f =2 ¿f =√2¿f =√8¿f =√4⋅2¿f =2√ ¿
 Substitute 2 for x in the function.

¿3  Simplify the expression on the right

side of the equation. (get the
cubed of 2 which is 8, then

22222
simplify)

Answer: Given f ( x )=2 x ,

f ()
3
2
=2 √ 2

Example 8: Evaluate the function h( x )=‖x‖+2 where ⌊ x ⌋ is the greatest integer

function given x=2 . 4 .
Solution:  Substitute 2.4 for x in the function.

 Simplify the expression on the right

22 of the equation. (remember
side
that in greatest integer function,
value was rounded-off to the real
number to the integer less than the
 h(2.4)=‖2. 4‖+2
h(2.4)=2+2
h(2.4)=4

Answer: Given h( x )=‖x‖+2 , h(2 . 4 )=4

Example 9:Evaluate the function f ( x )=|x−8| where |x−8| means the absolute
value of x−8 if x=3 .
Solution:  Substitute 3 for x in the function.
f (3)=|3−8|  Simplify the expression on the right
f (3)=|−5| side of the equation. (remember
that any number in the absolute
f (3)=5 value sign is always positive)

Answer: Given f ( x )=|x−8| , f (3)=5

Example 10: Evaluate the function f ( x )=x 2 −2 x +2 at f (2 x−3) .

Solution:

f (2 x−3)=(2 x −3)2 −2(2 x−3)+2

 Substitute 2 x−3 for x in the
f (2 x−3)=(4 x 2 −12 x+9)−4 x +6+2 function.
f (2 x−3)=4 x 2 −12 x +9−4 x +6+2
 Simplify the expression on
f (2 x−3)=4 x 2 −12 x−4 x +9+6+2 the right side of the
f (2 x−3)=4 x 2 −16 x+17 equation.

What’s More

Your Turn!
Independent Practice 1: Fill Me
Evaluate the following functions by filling up the missing parts of the solution.

1. f ( x)=3 x−5 , find f (2)

Solution:
f (2)=___________________
f (2)=6−5
f (2)=___________________

23
2. g( x)=3|2x|, find g(6)
Solution:
g(6 )=_________________
g(6 )=3|12|
g(6 )=_________________

3. k (a)=|a|−2 , find k (−9)

Solution:
k (−9 )=______________
k (−9 )=9−2
k (−9 )=______________

4. p(a )=−4 a−2 , find p(2 a )

Solution:

p(2 a )=______________
p(2 a )=______________

5. g( t )=t 2 −2 , find g(−2)

Solution:

g(−2)=________________
g(−2)=________________
g(−2)=________________

Independent Assessment 1: Evaluate!

Evaluate the following functions. Write your answer and complete solution on separate
paper.

1. Given w (n )=n−1 , find the value of the function if w = -1.

2. Given f ( x)=‖x‖−3 , find f (9 .3 ) .

3. Evaluate the function w ( x )=|−2 x +3| if x = -1.

4. Evaluate: f ( x)=−x−1 , find f ( a2 )

5. Given f ( x )=4 x−5 , find f (2 x+3 )

Independent Practice 2: TRUE or SOLVE!
Analyze the following functions by evaluating its value. Write TRUE of the indicated answer
and solution is correct, if not, rewrite the solution to arrive with the correct answer on the
space provided.

1. Evaluate f (t )=2 t−3 ; f ( t 2 )

Solution:
Answer:
f (t 2 )=2 (t 2 )−3
f (t 2 )=2 t 2−3
24
2. Given the function g( x )=√ 5 x−13 , find g(9) .
Solution:
g(9)=√ 5(9)−13 Answer:
g(9)=√ 45−13
g(9)=√ 32
g(9)=16 √ 2

5 x−7
f ( x )=
3. Given the function 3 x−2 , find the value of the function if x=−3 .
Solution:
5 (−3 )−7
f (−3 )= Answer:
3 (−3 )−2
−15−7
f (−3 )=
−9−2
22
f (−3 )=
11
f (−3 )=−2

4. Evaluate the function f ( x )=x 2 −3 x+5 at f (3 x−1) .

Solution:
Answer:
f (3 x−1)=(3 x−1)2 −3 x+5
f (3 x−1)=9 x 2 −6 x+1−3 x+5
f (3 x−1)=9 x 2 −9 x+6

4
x x=
5. Evaluate: g( x )=3 if 3
Solution:
4
g( 4
3 )=3 3
Answer:

g( ) =√ 3
4 3 4
3
g( )=√ 81
4 3
3
g( )=√27⋅3
4 3
3
g( )=3 √3
4 3
3

Independent Assessment 2: Find my Value!

Evaluate the following functions. Write your solution on a separate paper.

25
1. g( x)=5 x−7 ; g( x 2 +1 )
Answer: _______________________

2. h(t )=√ x 2 +2 x+4 ; h(2)

Answer: _______________________

3 x 2 −1
k (x )=
3. 2 x+4 ; k (−3)
Answer: _______________________

4. f ( x )=2 x 2 +5 x−9 ; f (5 x−2)

Answer: _______________________
3
x x=
5. g( p )=4 ; 2
Answer: _______________________

What I Have Learned

A. Complete the following statements to show how you understood the different types of
functions. Answer using your own words.

1. A polynomial function is _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

2. An exponential function _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

3. A rational function ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

4. An absolute value function ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

5. A greatest integer function ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.

B. Fill in the blanks to show how we evaluate functions.

Evaluating function is the process of ___________________________ of the function at the

_________________ assigned to a given variable. Just like in evaluating algebraic expressions,
to evaluate function you just need to ________________________________ in the expression with
the assigned value, then _________________________________ in the expression using the
correct order of operations. Don’t forget to _______________________ your answer.

26
 What I Can Do

In this part of the module, you will apply your knowledge on evaluating functions in solving
real-life situations. Write your complete answer on the given space.

1. Mark charges ₱100.00 for an encoding work. In addition, he charges ₱5.00 per page of
printed output.

a. Find a function f(x) where x represents the number page of printed out.

b. How much will Mark charge for 55-page encoding and printing work?

2. Under certain circumstances, a virus spreads according to the function:

1
P(t )=
1+15(2 .1 )−0. 3 t
Where where P(t) is the proportion of the population that has the virus (t) days after
the acquisition of virus started. Find p(4) and p(10), and interpret the results.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is not a polynomial function?

a. f ( x)=2 x−10
b. g( x )=4 x 2 −3 x+8
c. p( x )= x3 −7
d. s( x)=|3 x−4|−9
3 x−11
f ( x )=
2. What kind of function is being illustrated by x +7 ?
a. Rational Function
b. Constant Function
c. Greatest Integer Function
d. Absolute Value Function

3. Find the function value given h( x )=9−5 x of x=3 m .

a. 9−15 m

b. 9−15 m2
c. 9+15 m
2
d. 9+15 m
4. Which of the following shows an exponential function?

a. f ( x )=3 x +8
27
 b. f ( x )=2 x 3−7
c. f ( x )=3 x −6
d. f ( x)=‖x‖−8
5. Find the function value given h( x )=3 x−8 , if x=9 a+1 .
a. 27 a+ 5
b. 27 a−5
c. 18 a+11
d. 18 a−11

6. Which of the following is the value of the function f ( x)=|4 x 2−8|+2 given x = 2?
a. 8
b. 9
c. 10
d. 11

7. Evaluate the function h( x )=‖x‖−11 given x = 3.5.

a. -8
b. 8
c. -9
d. 9

8. Give the value of the of the function c ( x )=3 x 2 −36 at c(5 ) .

a. -21
b. 14
c. 111
d. 39

9. Evaluate: h( x )=5 x3 −3 x +9 given x = 3.

a. 45
b. 63
c. 135
d. 153

10. Find the value of the function f ( x)=√ 2 x2 +3 if x=6 .

a. √ 75
b. 5 √ 3

c. √ 15

d. 2 √ 3

11. Evaluate the functionf ( x )=2 x 2−3 x +1 given x=3 x−5 .

2
a. f (3 x −5)=18 x −69 x+66
2
b. f (3 x −5)=18 x −63 x+51

c. f (3 x −5)=18 x 2 +69 x−66

d. f (3 x −5)=18 x 2 +63 x −51
x2 −3
12. Given g(x) = 2 , determine g(5).
a. 11
7
b. 2
28
 c. -11
7
−
d. 2

5
x x=
13. Evaluate the function g( x )=3 if 3.
3
a. √ 243

b. √ 243
c. 9 √ 3
3
d. 3 √ 9
x 2 −2 x +5
g( x )=
14. Given x+3 , determine g( 4) .
5
a. 7
5
−
b. 7
13
c. 7
13
−
d. 7
x+4
f ( x )=
15. For what values of x can we not evaluate the function x 2−9 ?
a. ±4
b. ±3
c. ±2
d. ±1

Additional Activities

Difference Quotient

f ( x +h )−f ( x )
h this quantity is called difference quotient. Specifically, the difference quotient
is used in the discussion of the rate of change, a fundamental concept in calculus.
Example: Find the difference quotient for each of the following function.
A. f(x) = 4x - 2

B. f(x) = x2

29
 Solution:
A. f(x) = 4x - 2

f ( x  h) 4( x  h)  2 4 x  4h  2
f ( x  h )  f ( x ) 4 x  4 h  2  ( 4 x  2)

h h
4 x  4 h  2  4 x  2)

h
4h

h
4
B. f(x) = x2

f ( x  h) ( x  h) 2  x 2  2hx  h 2
f ( x  h)  f ( x) x 2  2hx  h 2  ( x) 2

h h
2 2 2
x  2hx  h  ( x)

h
2
2hx  h

h
2 x  h
YOUR TURN!

f ( x +h )−f ( x )
Find the value of h , h ≠ 0 for each of the following function .

1. f ( x )=3 x +4
2
2. g( x )=x +3

Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Operations on Functions

30
 What I Need to Know

In this module, the different operations on functions were discussed. Examples were
provided for you to be able to learn the five (5) operations: addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division and composition of functions. Aside from algebraic solutions, these
examples were illustrated, represented in tables and/or mapping diagram for better
understanding of the concepts. Activities were provided to enhance your learning. Finally,
your task is to answer a guided real-world example that involves operations on functions.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define operations on functions

2. identify the different operations on functions
3. perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
composition of functions

What I Know

Direction. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The statement " p(x )−q ¿ ) is the same as q (x)−p (x) ", p(x )≠ q (x) is _____.
a. always true b. never true c. sometimes true d. invalid

2. Given h ( x )=2 x 2−7 x and r ( x )=x 2+ x−1, find (h+ r)(x ).

a. 2 x 2 – 1 b. 3 x 2+ 6 x – 1 c. 3 x 4−6 x 2 – 1 d. 3 x 2−6 x – 1

3. Given: f (a)=2 a+ 1 and g ( a ) =3 a−3 . Find f (a)+ g(a)

a . 5 a−2 b. −5 a+2 c. −2 a+1 d. −6 a−1

4. g ( x )=2 x−4 and h( x)=2 x−7 Find (g+h)(3).

a. -7 b. 1 c.-1 d. 8

5. f ( x )=6 x 2 +7 x +2 and g( x )=5 x 2−x−1, find (f −g)(x).

a. x 2+ 8 x+3 b. 5 x 2+ 8 x – 1 c. x 2+ 6 x – 1 d. x 2+ 8 x−1

6. f ( x )=x −8 and g(x )=x +3 , Find f (x)• g(x )

a. x 2+ 24 b. x 2−5 x+ 24 c. x 2−5 x−24 d. x 2+ 5 x +24

7. If p(x )=x−1 and q ( x )=x −1, what is p(x )• q(x )

a. x 2+ 1 b. x 2+ 2 x−1 c. x 2−2 x+1 d. x 2−1

h
8. Given h ( x )=x−6∧s ( x )=x 2−13 x+ 42. Find (x).
s
1 x−6
a. b. x−7 c. d. x−6
x−7 x−7

9. g ( x )=6 x−7 and h( x)=5 x−1, Find g(h(x))

a. −9 x +11 b. 9 x 2+ 4 x c.30 x+ 13 d. 30 x−13

31
 10. If j(x )=√ x +6 and k ( x )=9−x . Find j(k (−1 ))
a. 9−√ 5 b. √ 14 c. 16 d. 4

For numbers 11-13, refer to figure below

11.Evaluate p ( 5 )
a. 0 b. 3 c. 2 d. 7

12.Find q ( p ( 0 ) )
a. -3 b. 1 c. -3 d. -5

13.Find (q ∘ p)(3)
a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. -1

For numbers 14-15, refer to the table of values below

2
m ( x ) =3 x−5 n ( x ) =x −2 x +1
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
m(x ) -5 -2 1 4 7 10 13 16 19
n( x) 1 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49

14.Find m
(7)
n
a. 4 b. 9 c. 1 d. 0
9 4

15.Find (n ∘ m)(4)
a. 9 b. 16 c. 19 d. 36

Lesso
n
Operation on Functions
1
Operations on functions are similar to operations on numbers. Adding, subtracting and multiplying
two or more functions together will result in another function. Dividing two functions
together will also result in another function if the denominator or divisor is not the zero
function. Lastly, composing two or more functions will also produce another function.

The following are prerequisite skills before moving through this module:

32
  Rules for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing fractions and algebraic
expressions, real numbers (especially fractions and integers).
 Evaluating a function.

A short activity was provided here for you to help in recalling these competencies. If you
feel that you are able to perform those, you may skip the activity below. Enjoy!

What’s In

SECRET MESSAGE

Direction. Answer each question by matching column A with column B. Write the letter of
the correct answer at the blank before each number. Decode the secret message below
using the letters of the answers.

Column A Column B
1
∧2
_____1. Find the LCD of 3 A. (x +4 )(x−3)
.
7
3
∧1 4 x +7
_____2. Find the LCD of x−2 C. 2
x + x−6
x +3
1
∧2 ( x−3)(x +5)
_____3. Find the sum of 3 D.
. ( x−6)(x +3)
7
2 5
_____4. Find the sum of + E. (x−2)(x +3) or x 2+ x−6
x x
3
∧12 x+ 4
_____5. Find the product of 8 . G.
x +2
5
3
∧1
_____6. Find the sum of x−2 H. (x +1)( x−6)
x +3
For numbers 7-14, find the factors.
13
_____7. x 2+ x−12 I.
21
_____8. x 2−5 x−6 L. ¿
_____9. x 2+ 6 x+5 M. −5
_____10. x 2+ 7 x+12 N. 21
_____11. x 2−7 x +12 O.(x−5)(x−3)
_____12. x 2−5 x−14 R. (x +4 )(x+3)
_____13. x 2−8 x +15 S.(x−7)(x−5)
9
_____14. x 2−12 x+35 T.
10
2
x + x−12 2
2
∧x +6 x +5
_____15. Find the product of x −5 x−6 . U.¿
2
x +7 x +12
2 2
x + x−12 x −8 x +15 7
_____16. Divide 2 by 2 W.
x −5 x−14 x −12 x +35 x
_____17. In the function f ( x )=4−x 2, find f (−3) Y. (x +5)(x+ 1)
33
Secret Message:

4 2 11 6 13 17 2 5 13 14 2 1 3 13 10

8 3 16 8 14 6 8 13 13 11 3 17

16 11 7 15 9 13 12 7 10 2 8 2 10 2

What’s New

SAVE FOR A CAUSE

Thru inspiration instilled by their parents and realization brought by Covid-19 pandemic
experience, Neah and Neoh, both Senior High School students decided to save money for a
charity cause. Neah has a piggy bank with ₱10.00 initial coins inside. She then decided to
save ₱5.00 daily out of her allowance. Meanwhile, Neoh who also has a piggy bank with
₱5.00 initial coin inside decided to save ₱3.00 daily. Given the above situation, answer the
following questions:

a. How much money will be saved by Neah and Neah after 30 days? after 365 days
or 1 year? their combined savings for one year?
b. Is the combined savings enough for a charity donation? Why?
c. What values were manifested by the two senior high school students?
d. Will you do the same thing these students did? What are the other ways
that you can help less fortunate people?
e. Do you agree with the statement of Pope John Paul II said that “Nobody is
so poor he has nothing to give, and nobody is so rich he has nothing
to receive"? Justify your answer.
f. What functions can represent the amount of their savings in terms of
number of days?

What is It

In the previous modules, you learned to represent real life situations to functions and
evaluate a function at a certain value. The scenario presented above is an example of real
world problems involving functions. This involves two functions representing the savings of
the two senior high school students.

Below is the representation of two functions represented by a piggy bank:

Neah Neoh Combined
f ( x )=5 x +10 g ( x )=3 x+5 h ( x )=8 x +15

34
 + =

Suppose that we combine the piggy banks of the two students, the resulting is another
piggy bank. It’s just like adding two functions will result to another function.

Definition. Let f and g be functions.

1. Their sum, denoted by f +g , is the function denoted by

(f + g)(x)=f (x )+ g (x).
2. Their difference, denoted by f −g, is the function denoted by
(f −g)(x)=f ( x)−g( x) .
3. Their product, denoted by f • g , is the function denoted by
(f • g)( x)=f (x )• g ( x) .
4. Their quotient, denoted by f /g , is the function denoted by
(f / g)( x)=f (x )/g (x), excluding the values of x where g(x )=0.
5. The composite function denoted by (f ° g)(x)=f (g (x)). The process of obtaining a
composite function is called function composition.

Example 1. Given the functions:

2
f ( x )=x +5 g ( x )=2 x−1 h ( x )=2 x + 9 x −5

Determine the following functions:

a. ( f +g ) ( x ) e .( f + g) ( 3)
b. ( f −g ) ( x ) f . ( f −g ) ( 3 )
c. ( f • g )( x ) g . ( f • g) ( 3)
h h
d. ( )( x ) h .( )(3)
g g

Solution:

a . ( f + g )( x )=f ( x )+ g ( x ) definition of addition of functions

¿ ( x +5 ) + ( 2 x−1 ) replace f(x) and g(x) by the given values
¿ 3 x+ 4 combine like terms

b. ( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g ( x ) definition of subtraction of functions

¿ ( x +5 )−( 2 x−1 ) replace f(x) and g(x) by the given values
¿ x +5−2 x +1 distribute the negative sign
¿−x+ 6 combine like terms

c. ( f • g )( x )=f ( x ) • g ( x ) definition of multiplication of functions

¿ ( x +5 ) • ( 2 x −1 ) replace f(x) and g(x) by the given values
2
¿ 2 x + 9 x−5 multiply the binomials

d. ( hg ) ( x )= hg (( xx )) definition of division of functions

35
 2
2 x +9 x−5
¿ replace h(x) and g(x) by the given values
2 x−1
(x +5)(2 x −1)
¿ factor the numerator
2 x−1
(x +5)(2 x −1)
¿ cancel out common factors
2 x−1
¿ x +5

e. ( f +g ) (3 )=f ( 3 )+ g ( 3 )
Solve for f (3) and g(3) separately:
f ( x )=x +5 g ( x )=2 x−1
f ( 3 )=3+5 g ( 3 )=2( 3)−1
¿8 ¿5

∴ f ( 3 ) + g ( 3 ) =8+5=13

Alternative solution:
We know that ( f +g ) (3 ) means evaluating the function ¿) at 3.

(f + g)(x)=3 x +4 resulted function from item a

(f + g)(3)=3(3)+4 replace x by 3
¿ 9+ 4 multiply
¿ 13 add

For item f ¿ h we will use the values of f ( 3 )=8∧g (3 )=5

f. ( f −g ) ( 3 )=f ( 3 )−g ( 3 ) definition of subtraction of functions

¿ 8−5 replace f(3) and g(3) by the given values
¿3 subtract

Alternative solution:
( f −g ) ( x )=−x +6 resulted function from item b
( f −g ) ( 3 )=−3+6 replace x by 3
¿3 simplify

g. ( f • g )( 3 )=f ( 3 ) • g ( 3 ) definition of multiplication of functions

¿ 8 •5 replace f(3) and g(3) by the given values
¿ 40 multiply

Alternative solution:
( f • g )( x )=2 x 2 +9 x−5 resulted function from item c
( f • g )( 3 )=2 ¿ replace x by 3
¿ 2 ( 9 ) +27−5 square and multiply
¿ 18+27−5 multiply
¿ 40 simplify

h. ( hg ) ( 3)= h(3)
g(3)

36
 Solve for h(3) and g(3) separately:
2
h ( x )=2 x + 9 x −5 g ( x )=2 x−1
2
h ( 3 ) =2(3) + 9 (3 )−5 g ( 3 )=2( 3)−1
¿ 18+27−5 ¿5
¿ 40
∴ ( hg ) ( 3)= h(3) 40
= =8
g(3) 5

Alternative solution:

( hg ) ( x )=x+ 5 resulted function from item d

( hg ) ( x )=3+5 replace x by 3

¿8 simplify

Can you follow with what has been discussed from the above examples? Notice that
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be both performs on real numbers and
functions.
The illustrations below might help you to better understand the concepts on function
operations.
In the illustrations, the numbers above are the inputs which are all 3 while below the
function machine are the outputs. The first two functions are the functions to be added,
subtracted, multiplied and divided while the rightmost function is the resulting function.

Addition

Subtraction

Multiplication

Division
37
 Composition of functions:

In composition of functions, we will have a lot of substitutions. You learned in previous

lesson that to evaluate a function, you will just substitute a certain number in all of the
variables in the given function. Similarly, if a function is substituted to all variables in
another function, you are performing a composition of functions to create another function.
Some authors call this operation as “function of functions”.

Example 2. Given f ( x )=x 2 +5 x+ 6, and h ( x )=x +2

Find the following:

a. ( f ∘ h ) ( x )
b. ( f ∘ h ) ( 4 )
c. ( h ∘ f ) ( x )

Solution.

a. ( f ∘ h ) ( x )=f (h ( x )) definition of function composition

¿ f (x+ 2) replace h(x) by x+2

Since f ( x )=x 2 +5 x+ 6 given

f (x+ 2)=¿ replace x by x+2

2
¿ x + 4 x +4 +5 x+ 10+6 perform the operations
2
¿ x + 9 x+20 combine similar terms

Composition of function is putting a function inside another function. See below figure for
illustration.

b. ( f ∘ h ) ( 4 )=f (h ( 4 ) )
38
 Step 1. Evaluate h(4) Step 2. Evaluate f (6)
2
h ( x )=x +2 f ( x )=x +5 x+ 6
h ( 4 )=4+ 2 f ( 6 )=6 2+5 ( 6 )+ 6
¿6 ¿ 36+30+ 6
¿ 72

(f ∘ h) ( 4 )=f ¿
¿ f (6 )
∴=72

To evaluate composition of function, always start with the inside function (from right to
left). In this case, we first evaluated h(4) and then substituted the resulted value to f (x).

Alternative solution:

(f ∘ h) ( x ) ¿=f ( h(x)) definition of function composition

2 2
f (h(x ))=x + 9 x +20, from item a(f ∘ h) ( 4 ) ¿=4 + 9(4)+20 replace all x’s by 4
¿ 16+36+ 20 perform the indicated operations
¿ 72 simplify

A mapping diagram can also help you to visualize the concept of evaluating a function
composition.

From the definition of function composition, (f ∘ h) ( 4 )=f ¿ . Looking at the mapping diagram
for values and working from right to left, h(4)=6. Substituting 6 to h(4) we have f (6). From
the diagram, f (6) is equal to 72. Therefore, (f ∘ h) ( 4 )=f ¿ In the diagram, the first function
h( x) served as the inside function while the second function f (x) is the outside function.

A table of values is another way to represent a function. The mapping diagram above has a
corresponding table of values below:

h ( x )=x +2 2
f ( x )=x +5 x+ 6
x 1 3 4 6
h( x) 3 5 6 8
f (x) 12 30 42 72

(f ∘ h) ( 4 )=f ¿ definition of composition of functions

¿ f (6 ) substitute h(4) by 6
¿ 72 from the table
c. ( h ∘ f ) ( x )=h(f ( x )) definition of composition of functions
39
¿ h ( x 2 +5 x +6 ) , substitute f(x) by x 2+ 5 x +6 , given
Since h ( x )=x +2 given
2 2
h( x +5 x +6)=x + 5 x +6+ 2 substitute x by x 2 +5 x +6
2
¿ x + 5 x +8 combine similar terms

Notes to the Teacher

The functions ( f ∘ h ) ( x ) and ( h ∘ f ) ( x ) are generally not the same as

we see in the previous examples. It only means that order of
functions counts in composition of function operation. There are
special cases where they will be the same; this is when the two
functions are inverses. Graphing and finding the domain and
range of algebraic operations is not covered by this module but
this is an interesting activity that can be used as enrichment
once this module was mastered.

What’s More

Activity 1:
MATCHING FUNCTIONS
Direction: Match column A with column B by writing the letter of the correct answer on the
blank before each number

Given:
a ( x )=x +2
b ( x )=5 x−3
x+5
c ( x )=
x−7
d (x )=√ x+ 5
3
e (x )=
x−7

Column A Column B
3
______1. ( a+ b ) ( x ) a.
x+5
______2. ( a • b ) ( x ) b. ± 3
______3. ( d ∘ a ) ( x ) c. −7
______4.
e
c ()
(x) d.
−4
5
______5. (c−e)(x) e. √ x+ 7
x +2
______6. ( a+ b ) (−1 ) f.
x−7

40
 ______7. ( a • b ) ( 0 ) g. 6 x−1
______8. ( d ∘ a ) (2 ) h. 1
______9.
e
c ()
(−2 ) i. −6
______10. (c−e)(2) j. 5 x 2+7 x−6

Activity 2:
LET’S SIMPLIFY

2 x +1
A. Let p ( x )=2 x +5 x−3 , m ( x )=2 x−1 ,∧h ( x ) = Find:
1. (m− p)(x )
x−2

2. p ( 5 ) +m (3 )−h(1)

3.
m(x)
p ( x)
4. p ( x+1 )
5. p ( 3 )−3 ¿

B. Given the following:

 m ( x ) =5 x −3
 n ( x )=x +4
 c ( x )=5 x2 +17 x−12
x−5
 t ( x )=
x +2

Determine the following functions.

1. ( m+n ) ( x )
2. ( m ∙n )( x )
3. ( n−c ) ( x )
4. ( c /m ) ( x )
5. (m ∘n ¿(x )
6. (n ∘ c ¿(−3)
7. n(m ( m ( 2 ) ) )

C. Given the functions g ( x )=x 2−4 and h ( x )=x +2, Express the following as the sum,

1. p ( x )=x−2
difference, product, or quotient of the functions above.

2. r ( x )=x 2+ x−2
3. s ( x )=x 3+ 2 x 2−4 x−8
4. t ( x )=−x 2 + x +6

D. Answer the following:

1. Given h ( x )=3 x 2+ 2 x−4 , what is h ( x−3 ) ?

2. Given n ( x )=x +5∧ p ( x )=x 2 +3 x−10 , find :

a. ( n−p ) ( x ) +3 p ( x )
n (x )
b.
p(x)
c. ( p ∘n)(x )
3. Let m ( x ) =√ x +3 , n ( x )=x 3−4 ,∧ p ( x )=9 x−5 , find ( m ∘ ( n− p ) ) ( 3 ) .

41
 4. Given w ( x ) =3 x−2, v ( x )=2 x +7 and k ( x )=−6 x −7, find (w−v−k )(2)
2
5. If s ( x )=3 x−2 and r ( x )= , find 2(s+ r)(x )
x+5
3
6. Given a ( x )=4 x +2 ,b ( x ) = x ,∧c ( x )=x−5 , find (a •b • c)( x )
2

What I Have Learned

Complete the worksheet below with what have you learned regarding operations on
functions. Write your own definition and steps on performing each functions
operation. You may give your own example to better illustrate your point.

Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Composition

What I Can Do

Direction: Read and understand the situation below, then answer the questions that follow.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a global health crisis that
has had a deep impact on the way we perceive our world and our everyday lives,
(https://www.frontiersin.org). Philippines, one of the high-risk countries of this pandemic has
recorded high cases of the disease. As a student, you realize that Mathematics can be a tool
to better assess the situation and formulate strategic plan to control the disease.

Suppose that in a certain part of the country, the following data have been recorded.

d 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I (d ) 3 5 9 12 18 25 35 47 82
Where I(d) is the function of the number of people who got infected in d days
The number of recoveries was also recorded in the following table as the function
R(i) where R as the number of recoveries is dependent to number of infected (I).
I 3 5 9 12 18 25 35 47 82
R(I ) 0 1 2 5 7 9 12 18 25

42
 1. R(I (3))
a. Evaluate the following and then interpret your answer.

2. R(I (8))
3. I (R(18))

b. The number of deaths (M) was also dependent on the number of infected (I).
Complete the table with your own number of deaths values for the given number
of infected.
I 3 5 9 12 18 25 35 47 82
M (I )

Evaluate the following and then interpret your answer.

1. M (I (1))
2. M (I (4))
3. I (M (12))

c. What can you conclude about the data presented?

d. What can you suggest to the government to solve the problem?

Assessment

Direction. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate answer sheet.

1. The following are notations for composite functions EXCEPT,

a. h( p ( x ) ) b. f ( x ) g ( x) c. (s ∘t )(x) d. f (g ( x ))

2. Find h ( 3 ) +d ( 2 ) if h ( x )=x−1∧d ( x )=7 x +3

b. 2 b. 5 c. 14 d. 19

3. t ( x )=−x 2 +7 x +1∧r ( x )=5 x 2−2 x+ 8 , find (t−r )(2).

a. 18 b. -18 c. -13 d. 13

4. f ( x )=4 x +2∧g ( x )=3 x−1 , find (f −g)(4).

a.0 b. -9 c. 7 d. -8

5. If g ( x )=x−4∧f ( x )=x+ 5 Find f (x)• g(x )

a. x 2+ x+20 c. x 2 – x−20
b. x 2 – x+ 20 d. x 2+ x−20
n+6 n+6 h
6. Given h ( n )= ∧ p (k )= 2 . Find ( k ) .
n−4 n + 4 n−32 p
1 1
a. b. n−8 c. d. n+ 8
n+8 n−8

7. If and , find f
f (x)=18 x
2
t (x)=8 x (x ) .
t
a. 9 x b. 4 x c. 4 d. 9
4 9 9x 4x

43
 8. When f ( x )=3 x−5 and g ( x )=2 x2 −5 , find f (g( x )).
a. x 2+ 2 x +3 b. 6 x 2−20 c. 6 x 2+ 20 d. 2 x 2+6

9. r ( x )=x +5 and q ( x )=2 x 2−5, Find q (r (−2))

a. 8 b. -8 c. 13 d. -13

10.Let f ( x )=3 x +8 and g ( x )=x−2. Find f (g( x )).

a. 2 x+3 b. 2 x−3 c. 4 x+1 d. 3 x+ 2

For numbers 11-13, refer to the figure below:

11.Evaluate r ( 2 )
a. -11 b. -3 c. 5 d. 11

12.Find s(r ( 7 ))
a. 7 b. 1 c. -1 d. -7

13.Find (s ∘r )(1)
a. -3 b. 3 c. 5 d. -5
For numbers 14-15, refer to the table of values below

2
t ( x )=2 x +1 k ( x ) =2 x −7 x−5
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t (x) 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
k (x) -5 -10 -11 -8 -1 10 25 44 67

14.Find (k −t)( 4)
a. 8 b. -8 c. 10 d. -10

15.Find (k ∘ t)(2)
a. 10 b. -10 c. -5 d. -1

Additional Activities

PUNCH D LINE
Direction: Find out some of favorite punch lines by answering operations on functions
problems below. Phrases of punch lines were coded by the letters of the correct answers.
Write the punch lines on the lines provided.
Given:
x
f ( x )=2 x−1 g ( x )=|3 x−4| h ( x )=
2
r ( x )=x +3 2
s ( x )=x −4 x−21
44
 Column A Column B
_______1. f ( 0 )=¿ A. −11
_______2. g ( 3 )=¿ B. 2
_______3. s (−1 )=¿ C. 3 x+ 2
_______4. h ( 0 )=¿ D. x−7
_______5. ( f +r ) ( x ) =¿ E. −x +4
_______6. ( f +r ) ( 3 )=¿ F. 0
_______7. ( r −f ) ( x )=¿ G. 2 x 2+5 x−3
_______8.( r −f ) ( 2 )=¿ H. 6
_______9. ( f • r ) ( x ) =¿ I. −16
_______10. ( f • r ) (1 )=¿ J. 2 x+ 2
s
_______11. ( x )=¿ K. 5
r
s
_______12. (−4 )=¿ L. 1
r
_______13. ( r ○ f ) ( x ) =¿ M. 11
_______14. ( r ○ f ) (2 )=¿ N. −1
_______15. ( g ○ f )( 1 ) =¿ O. 4

Code:
tingnan mo ako K ang laman ng utak ko? J
para may attachment lagi tayo L buhay nga pero patay I
ang parents ko E Hindi lahat ng buhay ay buhay N
na ako sa’yo O Di mo pa nga ako binabato B
Masasabi mo bang bobo ako? D na patay naman sa’yo F
Kasi, botong-boto sayo M Tatakbo ka ba sa eleksyon? C
Kung ikaw lamang A pero tinamaan G
Sana naging email na lang ako H

Punch lines:
(1-4) ___________________________________________________________
(5-7) ___________________________________________________________
(8-10) ___________________________________________________________
(11-13) ___________________________________________________________
(14-15) ___________________________________________________________

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Solving Real- Life Problems Involving
Functions

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you solve problems involving functions
bearing in mind that you already know how to represent real – life situation using functions
including piece-wise functions, evaluate functions and perform operations on functions.
These skills will aid you in attaining success on this module.

45
Solving problems involving functions is essential in predicting values that will help in
decision making process. This module covers varied situations that can be seen in real life
such as travel fares, monthly bills sales and the like. It is hoped that upon exploring this
learning kit you will find the eager and enthusiasm in completing the task required. Best of
luck!

After going through this module, you are expected to:

4. represent situations as functions and evaluate functions to determine the

required quantity
5. apply concepts learned in solving real-life problems involving functions
6. solve problems involving functions

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

5 x −6
1. Given h ( x )= , determine h(3)
3
a. -3
b. 3
c. 1
d. -1

2. Let f ( x )=3 x 2−x +5, find f (x+ 1)

a. 3 x 2+5 x +5
b. 3 x 2+5 x +7
c. 3 x 2−x+ 9
d. 3 x 2+5 x +9

3. Which of the following expresses the total earnings (E) as a function of the number
(n) of days if a laborer works and earning ₱400.00 per day?
a. E(n) = 400 + n
b. E(n) = 400 ÷ n
c. E(n) = 400(n)
d. E(n) = 400 – n

4. If the temperature in degrees Celsius inside the Earth is represented by T(d) = 10d
+ 20 where (d) is the depth in kilometers, what is the temperature inside the Earth in
10 kilometers?
a. 40℃
b. 50℃
c. 120℃
d. 180℃

5. Express the perimeter P of a square with side x as a function of its area

2
P
a. A=
16
b. A=16 P 2
2
P
c. A=
4

46
 16
d. A= 2
P

For numbers 6 – 7 use the problem below:

Cotta National High School has 1,200 students enrolled in 2016 and 1,500 students in 2019.
The student population P grows as a linear function of time (t), where t is the number of
years after 2016.

6. Which of the following functions represents the student population that relates to
time t?
a. P(t)= 100t + 1,200
b. P(t) = 1,200t -100
c. P(t) = 1,200t + 100
d. P(t) = 100t – 1,200

7. How many students will be enrolled in Cotta National High School by 2020?
a. 1,800
b. 1,700
c. 1,600
d. 1,650

For numbers 8 – 10 use the problem below:

A proposed tricycle fare would charge ₱20.00 for the first 5 km of travel and
₱0.75 for each additional kilometer over the proposed fare.

8. Find the fare function f(x) where x represents the number of kilometers travelled.
a. f(x) = 20 + 0.75x
b. f(x) = 20 - 0.75x
c. f(x) =16.25 + 0.75x
d. f(x) = 6.25 - 0.75x

9. How much is the proposed fare for distance of 3 km?

a. ₱4.00
b. ₱8.00
c. ₱12.00
d. ₱20.00

10.Find the proposed fare for distance of 55 km.

a. ₱57.50
b. ₱91.25
c. ₱60.50
d. ₱105.75

11.The cost of producing x tools by a B&G Corp. is given by

C(x)=₱1,200.00(x) + ₱5,500.00. How much is 100 tools?
a. ₱6,700.00
b. ₱12,550.00
c. ₱125,500.00
d. ₱551,200.00

For numbers 12 - 15 use the problem below:

Mark charges ₱100.00 for an encoding work. In addition, he charges ₱5.00 per page of
printed output.

12.Find a function f(x) where x represents the number of pages of printed out.
a. f(x) = 100 + 5x
47
 b. f(x) = 100 - 5x
c. f(x) = 100x + 5
d. f(x) = 100x – 5

13.How much will Mark charge for 55-page encoding and printing work?
a. ₱275.00
b. ₱175.00
c. ₱375.00
d. ₱475.00

14.How many pages were printed if Mark received a payment of ₱600.00?

a. 100 pages
b. 80 pages
c. 60 pages
d. 50 pages

15.If Mark offers a promo to loyal costumer that the first 20 pages of the printed output
will be free of charge, how much will he charge to a loyal customer who printed 70
pages of output?
a. ₱250.00
b. ₱50.00
c. ₱350.00
d. ₱350.00

Lesso
n
Solving Real-Life
Problems Involving
1 Functions

Majority of the problems we encounter in real life situation involve relationship between two
quantities where one quantity depends on another. For example, personnel in Department
of Health observes the number of persons infected by a particular virus in a certain
community increases with time. In finding out the exact function relating to the number of
persons infected to time, modelling can be used. Once the model is determined solving and
predicting the properties of the subject being studied can be done. At this point we will
focus on solving in order for us to predict answer to existing problems.

What’s In

YES I CAN!

Listed below are the skills and competencies you should possess before proceeding to this
lesson. Read the statements and assess yourself about your level of understanding by
choosing the number that corresponds to your answer.

2- fully understand, 1- slightly understand, 0 – Did not understand

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 Statement 2 1 0
1. I can carefully read and analyze a given problem
2. I can determine the given and the facts required in a
problem
3. I can represent real – life situation using function,
including piece –wise function
4. I can perform operations on functions
5. I can evaluate functions

 Now add all your answers.

 If you obtain a score of 10 it means that you are very much prepared with the next lesson
you can now proceed to What’s New section.
 However, if the total score that you obtained is 0 – 9 it means that there are some
essential skills that you need to review first to successfully finish this module
Let us take a quick tour to what you learn in the previous modules

1. Being able to understand a problem presented is the first thing that we learn on how to
solve problems in Mathematics. Careful reading leads you to thorough analysis in the
identification of given facts and in determining the required or the unknown quantity.
Precise label of the known and unknown quantities will help you set up a direction
towards the solution.

2. A function is a rule of correspondence between two non-empty sets, such that to each
element of the first set called domain, there corresponds one and only one element of
the second set called range.

3. Functions are used to model real life situations and in representing real – life situations
the quantity of one variable depends or corresponds to or mapped onto another quantity.

4. Piece-wise function are functions that may be represented by a combination or of

equations.

5. If a function f is defined by y = f(x) and an independent variable x is found by

substituting x into the function rule then it undergoes a process of evaluating function.
Moreover, you also studied fundamental operation can be applied to two or more
functions to form a new function. Such operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division.

Consider the examples below and reflect if you are confident enough to proceed

1. Write a function C that represent the cost of buying x facemask, if a facemask cost
₱65.00
C(x) = 65x

2. A commuter pays ₱ 9.00 for a jeepney fare for the first 5 km and an additional ₱ 0.75
for every succeeding distance d in kilometer. Represent the situation as function
F(d) = 9, if 0<d<5
F(d) = 9 + 0.75(d) , if d>5

3. If f ( x )=x +6 , evaluate: a. f(4) b. f(-2) c. f(-x)

Solution: a. f ( x )=x +6 b. f ( x )=x +6 c. f ( x )=x +6

f(4) = 4+ 6 f (−2 )=(−2)+6 f (−x ) =−x+ 6
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 f(4) = 10 f (−2 )=4

4.Le f ( x )=x +3 t and g ( x )=x−2.

f (9)
Find a. f ( 3 )+ g (−2) b. f ( 4 )−g(0) c. f (x)∙ g (x) d.
g (8)
Solution:
a. f ( x )=x +3 g ( x )=x−2
f ( 3 )=3+3 g (−2 )=(−2)−2
f ( 3 )=6 g (−2 )=−4
f ( 3 )+ g (−2 )=6+ (−4 )
f ( 3 )+ g (−2 )=2

b. f ( x )=x +3 g ( x )=x−2
f ( 4 )=4 +3 g ( 0 )=0−2
f ( 4 )=7 g ( 0 )=−2
f ( 4 )−g ( 0 )=7−(−2)
f ( 4 )−g ( 0 )=9

c. f ( x )=x +3 g ( x )=x−2
f ( x ) ∙ g ( x )=( x +3 ) (x−2)
2
f ( x ) ∙ g ( x )=x + x−6

d. f ( x )=x +3 g ( x )=x−2
f ( 9 )=9+ 3 g ( 8 )=8−2
f ( 9 )=12 g ( 8 )=6
f (9) 12
= =2
g (8) 6

At this point you may now proceed to the next section of this module!

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher may also point out the importance of the concept
of zero of linear function in solving problems involving
functions. The zero of a linear function f(x) is the real number a
such that f(a)=0. This suggest that the zero of linear function is
found by equating it to zero and then solving the resulting
equation for x. This will be used in the latter example in the
module.

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 What’s New

JEEPNEY OR TRICYCLE?
Read and analyze the problem below.
Miguel is a senior high school student who commutes from home to school which is 15 km
apart. There are two modes of transportation the first one is through jeep and the other one
is through tricycle. In riding a jeepney the fare charge ₱9.00 for the first 5 km travel and
₱0.75 for each additional kilometer. Meanwhile in riding a tricycle the fare would be ₱15.00
for the first 5 km travel and ₱0.50 for each additional kilometer.
Will you help Miguel analyze his situation?

Questions

1. If you are Miguel which between the two modes of transportation will you choose?
Why? ____________________________________________________

2. If you are Miguel and decided to ride in a jeepney, how much will be your fare?
_____________________________________________________________
Hint: You may use the table below to compute the fare

No. of km 0-5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 15
4
Amount charge 9 0.75 0.75

3. If you decided to ride in a tricycle how much will be your fare? ____________
Hint: You may use the strategy in no. 2

4. What characteristics does Miguel possess if he chose to ride a jeepney?

_______________________________________________________________

5. Is there any advantage in riding a jeepney instead of tricycle? Or riding a tricycle

instead of jeepney? What would it be?
___________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Decision making is always part of our lives, from the moment we wake- up we start to
decide the proper action to undertake be it minor or major decisions. In the problem
presented one of the factors that Miguel can use in making decision about the dilemma he
is facing is the cost of the fare in jeepney and in tricycle. If he will ride a jeepney he will
only pay ₱16.50 however if he will ride a tricycle, he needs to pay ₱20.00 So it will be more
economical if he chose to ride a jeepney. However, the cost of the fare is just one of the
factors. There are times that convenience is also considered in choosing the mode of
transportation since it is not crowded and you can reach your destination faster. Therefore,
in deciding the mode of transportation the priority of the commuters whether to be more
economical or to meet convenience is considered.

In the previous problem we determine the cost of the fare by using a table wherein we
repeatedly add the fare charge per kilometer. Thus, this type of problem can be solved
using functions, and at this point let us determine how we are going to do that.

Example no. 1 LET’S TRAVEL

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A proposed Light Rail Transit System Line 1 (LRT-1) fare would charge ₱18.00 for the first
four stations and ₱5.00 for each additional station over the proposed fare.

a. Find the fare function f(x) where x represents the number of stations traveled
b. Find the proposed fare for 15 stations
c. Find the proposed fare for 20 stations
To solve problems that involve functions you can employ George Polya’s 4-step rule.

George Polya’s 4 – Step Rule

1. Explore. This step involves careful reading, analyzing, identifying the

given and unknown facts in the problem and expressing the unknown in
terms of variables.
2. Plan. In this step writing an equation that describes the relationships
between or among the variables is involve.
3. Solve. This step requires working out with the written equation and other
number relations to determine the required quantities that answer the
question in the problem.
4. Check. The final step that employ the use of other approaches to
examine the appropriateness of the answer.

Solution

a. Explore. Since the first step involves analysis and proper labeling of the known and
unknown facts we will let x = number of stations traveled There are also some
conditions that was set in the problem such as the cost of fare which is set up to 4
stations only thus we can represent x – 4 = number of stations traveled over and
above 4 stations

Plan. In writing an equation that will represent the relationship between the known
and unknown quantities, since we know that if we travelled up to 4 stations we must
pay P18, we can represent it as
f(x) = 18 for 0< x ≤ 4

However, if we travelled more than 4 stations the cost of the fare have different
method of computation so we need to consider it. Since the cost of every station
after the 4th station is ₱5.00 we will now obtain
f(x) = 18 + 5(x – 4)

Now simplifying the equation will lead us to:

f(x) = 18 + 5x – 20
f(x) = 5x – 2

At this point we can say that the fare function is f(x) = 5x - 2

b. Solve. To find the fare charge for 15 stations the fare function f(x) = 5x -2 will be
used and 15 will be substituted to the function
f(15) = 5(15) – 2
= 73
By evaluating the function we obtained f(15) = 73

Check. To check whether we arrived at the correct solution you can use table or
graph.
Thus. the proposed fare for 15-station travel is ₱73.00

c. f(20) = 5 (20) – 2
= 98
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 The proposed fare for 20 – station travel is ₱98

Example no. 2

BINGE WATCH
Lucena Network charges ₱450.00 monthly cable connection fee plus ₱130.00 for each
hour of pay-per-view (PPV) event regardless of a full hour or a fraction of an hour.
a. Find payment function f(x) where x represents the number of PPV hours.
b. What is the monthly bill of a customer who watched 25 hours of PPV events?
c. What is the monthly bill of a customer who watched 0.5 hour of PPV events?
Solution:
a. ₱450.00 = fixed monthly cable connection fee
Let x = number of PPV hours in a month
₱130.00(x) = amount of PPV payment in a specific hour
The payment function is f(x) = 450 + 130(x).

b. The monthly bill of a customer who watched 25 hours PPV events can be represented
by 24 < x ≤ 25.
f(x) = 450 + 130(x).
f(25) = 450 + 130(25)
= 450 + 3,250
= 3,750
The monthly bill of a customer who watched 25 hours of PPV event is ₱3,750.00

c. The monthly bill of a customer who watched 0.5 hour PPV events can be represented
by 0 < x ≤ 1.
f(x) = 450 + 130(x).
f(0.5) = 450 + 130(0.5)
= 450 + 65
= 515
The monthly bill of a customer who watched 0.5 hour of PPV event is ₱515.00

What’s More

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of your paper.

Independent Practice 1

Business As Usual

Bakers’ Club is trying to raise funds by selling premium chocolate chip

cookies in a school fair. The variable cost to make each cookie is ₱15.00
and it is being sold for ₱25.00 So far the organization has already shelled
out ₱790.00 for the cookie sale

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 a. Find the profit function P(x) where x represents the number of cookies sold
Hint: Profit = Total Revenue – Total Cost
Total Revenue = Price per unit x quantity sold
Total Cost = Total variable cost + fixed cost
____________________________________________________________
b. If 146 cookies were sold, how much is the total profit?
_______________________________________________________________

c. How many cookies must be made and sold to break even?

Hint: Break even point is the zero of P(x)
_______________________________________________________________

d. How many cookie should be sold to gain a profit of ₱250.00?

______________________________________________________________

Independent Assessment 1

Baker’s Nook
Elisha just opened a bakery along Macalintal Avenue which sells
fresh doughnuts. The selling price is ₱20.00 per doughnut and the
cost of making it is ₱8.00 The daily operating expense is ₱600.00.
a. Find the profit function P(x) where represent the number of
doughnuts sold.
b. If 100 doughnuts were sold, what is the total profit?
c. How many doughnuts must be made and sold to break
even?
d. How many doughnuts should be sold to gain a profit of
₱600.00?

Independent Practice 2

Hello!

A certain cellphone company offers a plan that costs ₱1,200.00 per

month. The plan includes 180 free minutes of call and charges ₱7.00
for each additional minute of usage.

a. Find the monthly cost function C(x) where x represents the number of minutes
used.
Hint: Monthly Cost = Plan Cost + Additional Charge per Minute
________________________________________________________________

b. How much is the monthly cost incurred if the owner used 180 minutes of call?
____________________________________________________________

c. How much is the monthly cost of the plan if the owner used 300 minutes of call?
______________________________________________________________

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Independent Assessment 2

Connected!
CATV Lucena costs ₱1,500.00 a month which also includes 15 GB of
data monthly. It charges ₱50.00 for each additional gigabytes usage.
Find the monthly cost incurred if the owner used 45 GB of data in a
month.

What I Have Learned

According to Alice Hoffman every problem has a solution. In finding the solution one
important aspect to consider is the “how” or the process of finding it. In solving problems
involving functions there are different process that we can employ to attain the solution.
In three to five sentences write the process that you follow in solving problems involving
functions.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

You wanted to join a booth fair, and you are aiming to get a profit that is twice as your
capital. Your starting capital is ₱15,000.00. Make a financial plan for the booth that you will
set up and the product that you will sell. You may use the sample plan below:

FINANCIAL PLAN
Product: _________________________

Description of product: ________________________

Goal: _____________________________________

Capital: ₱15,000.00

Fixed Cost (Labor, Machineries, Expenses for the booth etc): _______

Variable Cost (Materials, Ingredients, etc): ____________

Profit function: ___________________

Prove that profit function will yield an amount that is twice the capital

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

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Rubrics for the Task

Categories Excellent Fair Poor

3 2 1

Budgeting Excellent Some understanding Little to no

understanding in in creating a plan for understanding in
creating a plan for spending the money creating a plan for
spending the money spending the money

Planning The goal set is The goal set is hard The goal set is not
achievable and to achieve achievable and not
realistic realistic

Accuracy of Solution The computation in The computation in There is no attempt

obtaining the obtaining the in computing the
desired profit using desired profit using desired profit using
the profit function is the profit function the profit function
correct has flaws

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

For numbers 1- 5 use the problem below:

Emmanuel decided to put up a candy shop that sells a dairy chocolate that cost ₱135.00 per
pack. The cost of making the chocolate is ₱90.00 and the operating expense is ₱4,500.00

1. Which of the following pertains to the profit function?

a. P(x) = 45x – 4,500
b. P(x) = 225x – 4,500
c. P(x) = 45x + 4,500
d. P(x) = 225x + 4,500

2. How many packs of dairy chocolate must be sold to break even?

a. 50
b. 100
c. 150
d. 200
3. Which value of x will make Emmanuel’s candy shop suffer loss for selling packs of
chocolates?
a. X> 100
b. x≤ 100
c. x< 100
d. x≥ 100

4. How many chocolate bars must be sold if Emmanuel wanted to earn a profit of
₱6,750.00?
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 a. 100
b. 150
c. 250
d. 350

5. How much is the gain if Emmanuel sold 350 packs of chocolates?

a. ₱6,750.00
b. ₱9,750.00
c. ₱11.250.00
d. ₱15,250.00

For numbers 6- 10 use the problem below

Mariel wanted to avail a cellphone plan that offers a monthly fee of ₱2,500.00. It
includes 240 minutes of call and charges ₱7.50 for each additional minute of usage.

6. Which of the following pertains to the monthly cost function?

a. C(x) = 2,500 -1800x
b. C(x) = 2,500 + 1800x
c. C(x) = 700 + 7.50x
d. C(x) = 700 – 7.50x

7. What value of x will not require any additional charge in her monthly bill?
a. x > 240
b. x < 240
c. x≥ 240
d. x ≤240

8. How many additional minutes of call did she make, if she paid ₱2,800.00 in her
monthly bill?
a. 20 minutes
b. 40 minutes
c. 60 minutes
d. 80 minutes

9. How much is her monthly cost incurred if she made an additional usage of 20
minutes of call?
a. ₱2,500.00
b. ₱2,600.00
c. ₱2,650.00
d. ₱3,350.00

10. How much will she need to pay from using a total of 350 minutes of call in one
month?
a. ₱950.00
b. ₱2,610.00
c. ₱3,325.00
d. ₱4,325.00

For numbers 11- 15 use the problem below

A local cable network charges ₱950.00 monthly connection fee plus ₱100.00 for each
hour of pay-per-view (PPV) event regardless of a full hour or a fraction of an hour.

11.Which of the following pertains to the payment function suggested in the problem?
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 a. f(x) = 100x + 950
b. f(x) = 100x – 950
c. f(x) = 950x + 100
d. f(x) = 950x – 100

12.What is the monthly bill of a customer who watched 20 hours of PPV events?
a. ₱2,950.00
b. ₱3,950.00
c. ₱4,950.00
d. ₱5,950.00

13.How much is the monthly bill of a customer who watched 0.5 hours of PPV events?
a. ₱950.00
b. ₱1,050.00
c. ₱2,050.00
d. ₱3,050.00

14.What will be the monthly bill of a customer who watched 12.3 hours of PPV events?
a. ₱1,250.00
b. ₱2,250.00
c. ₱3,250.00
d. ₱4,250.00

15.How many hours did a customer watched PPV events if the monthly payment is
₱1,450.00?
a. 2 hours
b. 3 hours
c. 4 hours
d. 5 hours

Additional Activities

To practice your skills in solving problems involving functions the exercises below is for you.

Read and solve the problem.

Mall Goers

1. Inter Global Mall charges ₱30.00 for the first hour or a fraction of an hour for the parking
fee. An additional ₱15.00 is charged for every additional hour of parking. The parking area
operates from 7am to 12 midnight everyday.

a. Write a function rule for the problem

b. How much will be charged to the car owner if he parked his car from 7am to 3pm?

c. How much will be charged to a car owner who parked his car from 9am to 11:30pm?

Geometry

A man with 200 ft. of fencing material wishes to fence off an area in the shape of a
rectangle. What should be the dimensions of the area if the enclosed space is to be as large
as possible? What is the largest area?
Hint: A = lw, P = 2l + 2w

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