In-class Activity

1. List 10 Manegerial Roles according to Mintzberg. Give examples about each role.
- Interpersonal Roles:
1. Figurehead:
Example: The CEO attends a ribbon-cutting ceremony for a new company office represents the
organization and performs ceremonial duties.
2. Leader:
Example: A department manager provides guidance, motivation, and support to their team
members to achieve organizational goals.
3. Liaison:
Example: A project manager establishes and maintains contacts with external stakeholders, such
as clients or suppliers, to facilitate communication and collaboration.
- Informational Roles:
4. Monitor:
Example: A financial manager regularly reviews financial reports and market trends to stay
informed about the company's performance and external environment.
5. Disseminator:
Example: An HR manager shares important policy changes or organizational updates with
employees to ensure everyone is informed.
6. Spokesperson:
Example: A company spokesperson addresses the media during a press conference to provide
information about a new product launch.
- Decisional Roles:
7. Entrepreneur:
Example: A product manager initiates a new product development project to capitalize on market
opportunities and drive innovation.
8. Disturbance Handler:
Example: A crisis manager resolves conflicts or emergencies, such as a production halt due to
equipment failure, to minimize disruption.
 9. Resource Allocator:
Example: A CFO allocates the annual budget to different departments based on their needs and
strategic priorities.
10. Negotiator:
Example: A sales manager negotiates a contract with a key client to secure a profitable deal for
the company.

2. What is BI? Sketch a model of BI. State the functions of each component in BI.
- Vendors of software and hardware as well as information technology consultants use the
phrase "business intelligence" (BI) to refer to the infrastructure for storing, integrating,
reporting, and analyzing data from the business environment, including big data. The
foundation infrastructure gathers, preserves, purifies, and provides managers with
pertinent data. Better business decision-making is the goal of business intelligence (BI).
Data-driven decision support systems (DSS) are the essence of business intelligence (BI)
systems.
- Components of a BI System and Their Functions:
1. Data from the business environment:
Function: Companies must handle data from a variety of sources, including big data, that is both
structured and unstructured. To be studied and utilized by human decision makers, the data must
be arranged and integrated.
2. Business intelligence infrastructure:
Function: A strong database system that gathers all the information needed to run the company
forms the fundamental basis of business intelligence. Transactional databases, a corporate data
warehouse, or a collection of connected data marts may be used to store the data.
3. Business analytics toolset:
Function: A collection of software tools are used to answer manager inquiries, analyze data and
generate reports, and monitor the company's development using important performance metrics.
4. Managerial users and methods:
Function: Business intelligence is as intelligent as its users, and managers use various methods to
analyze data, such as business performance management and industry strategic analyses.
However, without strong senior management oversight, analytics can produce misleading
information and divert attention from real issues.
5. Delivery platform - MIS, DSS, ESS:
Function: Business intelligence and analytics results are delivered to managers and employees in
various ways, including MIS, DSS, and ESS. These systems, once independent, now integrate data
into a suite of hardware and software tools, allowing it to be accessed on desktops or mobile
platforms.
6. User Interface:
Function: Business analytics software suites now offer data visualization tools like graphs, charts,
dashboards, and maps, enabling users to learn from data more quickly. These suites can deliver
reports on mobile phones, tablets, and the firm's web portal. Examples include Tableau Software,
Siemens AG's process mining software, and BA software, which supports online decision-making
through social media.
- A model of BI:

3. How are Location Analytics and Geographic Information Systems applied in reality?
Give some examples of LA and GIS.
Real-World Applications of Location Analytics (LA):
 1. Retail Store Placement: Businesses use LA to identify the best locations for new stores by
analyzing demographic data, consumer behavior, and competitor locations.
2. Supply Chain Optimization: Companies optimize delivery routes and logistics by analyzing
traffic patterns, weather conditions, and delivery times.
3. Marketing Campaigns: Marketers target specific geographic areas with tailored campaigns
based on consumer behavior and location data.
Real-World Applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS):
1. Agriculture: Farmers use GIS to analyze soil conditions, crop health, and weather patterns
to optimize planting and harvesting schedules.
2. Disaster Management: Emergency responders use GIS to plan evacuation routes, manage
disaster response efforts, and assess damage after natural disasters.
3. Environmental Monitoring: Environmental agencies use GIS to monitor deforestation,
track wildlife populations, and manage natural resources.

4. Read and answer the Interactive Session: “Predictive Maintenance in the Oil and Gas
Industry”
4.1 Why is predictive maintenance so important in the oil and gas industry? What
problems does it solve?
In the oil and gas sector, predictive maintenance is crucial since it increases output and lowers
expensive system downtime. By anticipating equipment issues before they arise, it helps prevent
unplanned breakdowns that could stop production and cost millions of dollars. This ensures
efficient operations. Predictive maintenance, particularly for complex and costly equipment used
in oil and gas production, helps identify abnormalities, maximize performance, and lower
maintenance costs by evaluating sensor data and leveraging IoT-enabled systems.
4.2 What is the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data analytics in
predictive maintenance?
Connecting industrial equipment and gathering real-time sensor data are two important functions
of the Internet of Things (IoT). Big Data analytics is then used to interpret this data in order to
find trends, forecast failures, and offer useful information for maintenance choices. By tracking
equipment statuses, increasing operational effectiveness, and cutting expenses, IoT and Big Data
work together to provide more precise and timely maintenance.
4.3 How did BP and Royal Dutch Shell’s predictive maintenance initiatives change
business operations?
The predictive maintenance programs implemented by BP and Shell greatly increased their
operating effectiveness and decreased maintenance expenses. By proactively managing pipeline
systems and analyzing industrial sensor data using Microsoft Azure, BP was able to cut expenses
and downtime. Shell improved overall productivity and performance while preventing
interruptions by using predictive models and Internet of Things-enabled solutions to monitor and
maintain its equipment more effectively.
4.4 Give an example of how predictive maintenance systems could be used in
another industry.
The aviation sector can make use of predictive maintenance technologies. Airlines, for instance,
can equip aircraft engines with Internet of Things sensors to track their performance in real time.
Airlines can ensure timely maintenance, minimize delays, improve passenger safety, and save
operating costs by evaluating this data to anticipate engine wear or possible problems before they
result in breakdowns.

5. Read and answer the Interactive Session: “Management: GIS Helps Land O’Lakes
Manage Assets Strategically”
5.1 Why is geographic location data so important to Land O’Lakes? What
categories of geographic information does Land O’Lakes use?
For Land O'Lakes, geographic location data is essential since it aids in facility location selection,
transportation optimization, and market opportunity analysis. This information guarantees the
cost-effectiveness and efficiency of processes including dairy production, processing, and
distribution. Land O'Lakes use several geographic data types, such as:
- Demographic information for evaluating labor markets and possible clients.
- Environmental and topographic information to assess site and land conditions.
- Data on infrastructure and transportation is used to identify the best supply chain and
logistics networks.
5.2 How did using GIS improve operations and decision-making at Land O’Lakes?
At Land O'Lakes, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enhanced operations and
decision-making by:
- Supplying information to improve facility location and site selection.
- Enhancing supply chain effectiveness by using the best possible routes for transportation.
- Assisting the business in evaluating geographical and environmental circumstances to
mitigate risks.
 - Utilizing location-based insights to support expansion and strategic planning initiatives.
 Land O'Lakes was able to expedite procedures, cut expenses, and analyze enormous
volumes of data thanks to GIS.

5.3 Give examples of three decisions at Land O’Lakes that were improved by using
GIS.
- Facility Location: The most economical and efficient sites for manufacturing and
processing facilities were identified with the aid of GIS.
- Transportation Optimization: By examining routes and logistics to move goods more
effectively, GIS helped Land O'Lakes enhance their supply chain.
- Strategic Planning: In order to make well-informed judgments on expansion and resource
allocation, GIS aided in the evaluation of prospective markets and environmental
circumstances.