Electric Charges

and Fields
Quick Revision

1. Charge is the property associated with matter 1

Also, --= 9x 109 N-m2 /C2
due to which it produces/experiences electric 4n£0
and magnetic effects. There are two types of where, £0 = permittivity of free space
charges namely positive charge and negative
= 8.85419x 10-12 C2 /N-m2
charge.
Charge is a scalar quantity, it can be added and In vector form,
subtracted as a number. Its SI unit is coulomb F = _l_ . q I q2 r or F = _l_ q I 2q2 r
and its dimensional formula is [M O L0 TA]. 4n£0 r I 1
3

4n£0 r
2. Conservation of Electric Charge During any 5. Relative Permittivity It is given by the ratio
process,the net electric charge of an isolated E (absolute permittivity of the medium)
system remains constant,i.e. conserved. In E , =----�- - � ------
simple words,charge can neither be created Eo
nor be destroyed. where,£, is called relative permittivity of the
3. Quantisation of Charge Charge exists in medium with respect to vacuum. It is also
discrete amount rather than continuous value denoted by K, which is called dielectric
and hence it is quantised. Mathematically, constant of the medium. It has no units.
charge on an object, q = ± ne, where n is an £ F
Kor E =- = � and E = K £0
integer and e is the electronic charge. r Eo Fme&um
where, e = - .1 6 x 10- 19 C. -l_lq1q2I
4. Coulomb's Law It states that, the electrostatic Fmedium = 4
n E o K r2
force of attraction or repulsion acting between
two stationary point charges is given by 6. Principle of Superposition of Electrostatic
Forces states that, the net force experienced by
-_ 1 _ q1 q2
F = a given charge particle q0 due to a system of
4n £0 r 2 charged particles is equal to the vector sum of
-------� F
the forces exerted on it due to all the other
+q 2 charged particles of the system. i.e.

where, q 1 and q2 are the magnitudes of Fo = Fo1 + Fo2 + Fo3 + · · · + Fo n

stationary point charges and r is the distance of
Fo _
--- 1 q I qo q2 qo
[ --- r 10 +- 3-
q n-
r20 + ...+ -
qo
3 rn o
]
separation between them in air or vacuum. 47tEo lr 10 I 3 lr 2ol lr.ol
02

where, r10 = r0 - r1 ; F01 = force on q0 due to q 1 Electric field intensity at P,

Similarly, r.0 = r0 - r .; F0 • = force on q0 due to 1
E=- -.!L2 r ...(i)
4rc£0 r
q 1 •
Fo = _o_ L �--3
q; 7 The magnitude of the electric field at a point
I '
r-oJ Pis given by
4 TCEo l ; = I r ;o
I q
E=--·- 1
7. Electrostatic Force due to Continuous 4n£0 r 2
Charge Distribution If q > 0, i.e. positive charge, E is directed
The region in which charges are closely spaced away from source charge. On the other
is said to have continuous charge hand, if q < 0, i.e. negative charge, Eis
distribution. directed towards the source charge.
• Electric force at a point due to a linear 11. Electric Field due to System of Charges
charge distribution is given by If E is electric field at point P due to the
F - __<h_ f
A dL system of charges, then by principle of
_ 4n£ L J ro superposition of electric fields, we get
0 r n
• Electric force at a point due to a surface E=E 1+E2+E3 + .. ·+E. =_IE;
I= 1
charge distribution is given by Using Eq. (i), we obtain
f
F = __<h_ adf ro
4rcEo s ro
E= f _l__ {J__;__r
; = i 4 TCEo r;2 '
• Electric force at a point due to volume 1
charge distribution is given by or E=- - L {J__;__r. ...(ii)
4rcEo ; = i r;2 '
f
F = __<h_ pd;'
4n£o v ro
r0 12. Electric Lines of Force Imaginary curves
drawn in electric field along which an unit
8. Electric Field due to a charge Q,at a point in positive test charge tends to move.
space may be defined as the force that a unit The tangent to a electric line of force at any
positive charge would experience, if placed at point gives the direction of electric field at that
that point. point.
The charge which is producing the field is 13. Electric Dipole Two point charges of equal
called source charge and the charge which magnitude and opposite nature separated by a
experiences the effect of source charge is called small distance altogether forms an electric
test charge. dipole.
9. Electric Field Intensity A charge q0 14. Electric Dipole Moment
experiences an electric force F, then electric Magnitude of electric dipole moment is equal
field intensity at that point is given by to product of magnitude of any charge q and
separation between two charges ( 2!).
E = lim !_
qo .... o q p=q(2l)
o

where, q0 ➔ 0 means the test charge q0 must 2l

be small. -q p +q
It is a vector quantity and its SI unit is Nc-1•
10. Electric Field Intensity due to a Point Direction of electric dipole moment is taken
Charge from negative charge (- q) to positive charge

___ ___
q p (+ q). Its SI unit is C-m and it is a vector
•---------------·- ---E quantity.
,
 03

15. Electric field at any point on the axial equilibrium, i.e. when 8 1 = 0° and 8 2 = re,
line of electric dipole is given by W = 2pE.
__ l_ 2pr • Work done in rotating the dipole from the
Eaxiat -
4reEo (r2 _ /2)2 position of stable equilibrium to the position
1 2p in which dipole experiences maximum torque,
When l<<r, EaxiaJ =- i.e. when 8 1 = 0° and 8 2 = 90° , W = pE.
-
4reE 0 --
r3
21. Potential energy of electric dipole, when it
Direction of electric field at any point on makes an angle 8 with the direction of electric
axial line is along the direction of electric field, U = - pE cos 8 = - p · E
dipole moment.
22. The electric flux linked with a surface, when
16. Electric field at any point on equatorial
• surface is held normal to the direction of
line of electric dipole is given by
p uniform electric field E, �<I> E = E -�S.
Eequatorial =-1- 2 /2 3/2
4reEo (r + ) • area vector of surface makes an angle 8 with
the direction of uniform electric field E,
If l << r, Eequatorial =---
l p
�<I> E = BS cos 8
4 recc 0 r 3
In vector form, �<I> E = E . �s
Direction of electric field intensity ( E) due to a
23. SI unit of electric flux is N-m 2 / C and CGS unit
dipole at any point on equatorial line is
is dyne-cm 2/stat-C.
parallel to dipole and opposite to the
direction of dipole moment. 24. Gauss's Law The total electric flux linked with
E=a·1 closed surface S,
17. When l <<r, =2 E -dS = _J___
Eequatorial <l>E =f Eo
18. Torque on an electric dipole placed in where, q is the total charge enclosed by the
uniform electric field is given by closed gaussian (imaginary) surface.
't = p x E or 't = pE sin 8 25. Electric field intensity due to an infinitely
where, p = electric dipole moment, long thin straight charged wire at a
distance r,
E = electric field
'A
and 8 = angle between p and E. E =--
2reE 0r
• Minimum torque experienced by electric
dipole in electric field, when 8 = 0° or re; where, A is the uniform linear charge density.
26. Electric field due to a thin infinite plane
⇒ 't = 'tmin = 0
sheet of charge with uniform surface charge
• Maximum torque, when sin 8 = 1
density cr at any nearby point
⇒ 8 = re/2, 't = -. max = pE
E=-5!_
• Dipole is in stable equilibrium in uniform 2 E0
electric field, when angle between p and E (for thin non-conducting plate)
is 0° and unstable equilibrium, when angle
8 = 180° . and E= � (for conducting plate)
Eo
19. Net force on electric dipole placed in uniform
electric field is zero. 27. Electric field due to two equally and
oppositely charged parallel plane sheets of
20. Work done in rotating the electric dipole charge at any point,
from 8 1 to 8 2, W = pE (cos 8 1 - cos 8 2). cr
E = - (between the two plates)
• Work done in rotating the dipole from the Eo
position of stable equilibrium to unstable and (outside the plates)
 Objective Questions
Multiple Choice Questions (a) 1.6x 10- 19 (b) 6.25x 10 9
(c) 6.25xl0 27 (d) 6.25x 10 28
1. If a plastic rod rubbed with fur is made
to touch two small pith balls suspended 6. Charge on a body is q1 and it is used to
nearby, then which figu re shows their

TI
charge another body by induction.
final configuration? Charge on second body is found to be q 2
after charging, then
(al (bl/\

T
(a) �=1 (b) �<1 (c) ��1 (d) �e':1

TI
q2 q2 q2 q2

7. Force (F) between two charges varies

le) (d)
with distance (r) between them as
F F
2. A comb runs through one's dry hair
(a) (b)
attracts small bits of paper. This
happens because
(a) comb is a good conductor F \ F
(b) paper is a good conductor
(cl the atoms in the paper get polarised by the (c) (d)
charged comb �
(d) the comb possesses magnetic properties r r
3. One metallic sphere A is given positive 8. The unit of electrical permittivity is
charge whereas another identical (a) C 2/N-m 2 (b) N-m 2 /C 2
metallic sphere B of exactly same mass (c) N/C (d) N-V/m 2
as of A is given equal amount of
negative charge. Then,
9. The force of interaction between two
charges q 1 = 6 µC and q2 = 2 µC is
(a) masses of A and B still remain equal
12 N. If charge q = - 2 µC is added to
(b) mass of A increases
each of the charges, then the new force
(c) mass of B decreases
of interaction is
(d) mass of B increases 1
(a) 2x 10- N (b) zero
4. In nature, the electric charge of any (c) 30 N (d) 2xl0-3N
system is always equal to
(a) half integral multiple of the least amount of
10. A charge q is placed at the centre of the
charge line joining two equal charges Q, and Q,.
(b) zero The system of the three charges will be
(c) square of the least amount of charge in equilibrium, if q is equal to
(d) integral multiple of the least amount of (a) - 012 (b) - 0 / 4 (c) + 0 /4 ( d) + 012
charge
11. Two point charges A and B, having
5. If the charge on the body is 1 nC, then charges +Q, and -Q, respectively, are
how many electrons are present on the placed at certain distance apart and
body?
 05

force acting between them is F. If 25% Charge at A is in equilibrium, then the

charge of A is transferred to B, then ratio !f.J_ will be
force between the charges becomes q2
16F
(a) 9F (b) (a) 1 (b) 2-fi.
16 9 1
4 (c) -fj_ (d)-
(c) F (d) F -fj_
3
17. The force between two charges 0.06 m
12. Two particles of equal mass m and apart is 5 N. If each charge is moved
charge q are placed at a distance of
towards each other by 0.04 m, then the
16 cm. They do not experience any
force between them will become
force. The value of J_ is (a) 7.20 N (b) 11.25 N
m (c) 22.50 N (d) 45.00 N
(a) I (b) ✓n� 0
18. When the charge of a body becomes
half, the electric field becomes
(d) .J4nE0 G
(a) half (b) twice
(c) thrice (d) No change
13. Two point charges placed at a certain
distance r in air exert a force F on each 19. Forces exerted by a uniform electric
other. Then, the distance r' at which field on an electron having mass m, and
these charges will exert the same force in proton of mass m P are represented as
a medium of dielectric constant K is F, and FP respectively are related as
given by F. m.
(a) FP =F. (b) =
(a) r K (b) r!KK FP mp
(cl rl✓ (d) r✓ F m
(d) = ;
0

FP m�
14. An object A has a charge of -2 µC and
the object B has a charge of +6 µC. 20. A positively charged ball hangs from a
Which of the following is true? silk thread. We put a positive test
(a) FAa =-3FaA (b) FAa = -FaA charge q O at a point and measure
FI q 0 , then it can be predicted that the
electric field strength E
15. Electric charges of lµC, - lµC and 2µC (a) >Flq 0
F
are placed in air at the corners A, B and (b) =-
q
C respectively of an equilateral triangle
ABC having length of each side 10 cm. (c)<Flq 0
(d) Cannot be estimated
The resultant force on the charge at C is
(a) 0.9 N (b) 1.8 N 21. In the diagram shown below
(c) 2.7 N (d) 3.6 N

16. Each corner A and Chas charge q, and

on the each corner B and D, has charge
- q2 of a square ABCD of side l.
06

(a) field strength at point Pis less than field 26. Which of the following is not a property
strength at point O
of electric field lines?
(b) field strength at points Pand Oare equal
(a) Field lines are continuous curves without
(c) field is more strong at point Pand less
any breaks.
strong at point O
(b) Two field lines cannot cross each other.
(d)cannot be determined from the figure
(c) Field lines start at positive charges and end
22. Two unlike charges of the same at negative charges.
magnitude Q, are placed at a distance d. (d) They does not form closed loops.
The intensity of the electric field at the
centre of the line joining the two 27. The figure shows some of the electric
charges, is field lines corresponding to an electric
field. The figure suggests
(a) zero

�
23. Two point charges +8 q and - 2q are
located at x = 0 and x = L, respectively. (a) EA >Ea >Ee (b) EA= Ea= Ee

The location of a point on the X-axis at (c) EA= Ee >Ea (d) EA= Ee < Ea

which the net electric field due to these 28. Find the correct diagram of electric
two point charges is zero, is lines of forces for negative charge.
(a) BL (b) 4L (c) 2L (d) L/4

24. Figure below show regular hexagons,

with charges at the vertices. In which
case, the electric field at the centre (a) (b)
zero?
q q q -q

a (b)
( ) qoq o
q q
q q
(cl* (di
-2q 2q -2q -q

(d)
( )q q qo q
o
c -2 2q 2q q 2 29. An electron enters uniform electric field
maintained by parallel plates and of
25. A charged particle is free to move in an
electric field. It will travel value E Vm-1 with a velocity v ms-1,
(a) always along a line of force
the plates are separated by a distance d
(b) along a line of force, if its initial velocity is metre, then acceleration of the electron
zero in the field is
(c) along a line of force, if it has same initial Ee -Ee
(a) (b)
velocity in the direction of an active angle m m
with the line of force d
(c)� (d) fe-
(d) None of the above md m
 07

30. The given figure shows tracks of three 35. An electric dipole with dipole moment
charged particles in a uniform 4 X 10- 9 C-m is aligned at 30° with the
electrostatic field. Which particle has direction of a uniform electric field of
the highest charge to mass ratio? magnitude 5 x 10 4 N/C. Calculate the
magnitude of the torque acting on the
dipole.
(a) 10-4 N -m (b) 4xl0-4 N -m
(c) 10-5 N-m (d) lOxl0-4 N-m
36. The dipole moment of a dipole in an
uniform external field E is p, then the
torque ( 't) acting on the dipole is
(a) 1:=p xE (b) 1:=p-E
(c) 1:=2(p + E) (d) 1:=(p + E)
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) All are equal 37. An electric dipole is placed in an
uniform electric field with the dipole
31. Charges ± 20 nC are separated by
axis making an angle 8 with the
5 mm. Calculate the magnitude of direction of the electric field. The
dipole moment. orientation of the dipole for stable
(a) 10 cm (b) 10-10 cm equilibrium is
(c) 2 xl0-6 cm (d) 102 cm (a) n/6 (b) n/3
32. Electric charges q, q,-2q are placed at (c) 0 (d) n/2
the corners of an equilateral � ABC of 38. Electric flux emanating_ through a
side l. The magnitude of electric dipole surface element dS = 5 i placed in an
moment of the system is
electric field E = 4i + 4j + 4k is
(a) qi (b) 2q/
(c) .J3 ql (d) 4q/ (a) 10 units (b) 20 units
(c) 4 units (d) 16 units
33. What is the angle between the electric
dipole moment and the electric field 39. What is the nature of gaussian surface
strength due to it on the equatorial line? involved in Gauss's law of
(a) 0 ° electrostatics?
(b) 90
° (a) Scalar (b) Electrical
(c) 180
° (c) Magnetic (d) Vector
(d) None of the above 40. The gaussian surface for calculating the
34. Let Ea be the electric field due to a electric field due to a charge
distribution is
dipole in its axial plane distant l and let
(a) any surface near the charge distribution
Eq be the field in the equatorial plane
(b) always a spherical surface
distant l ', then the relation between
(c) a symmetrical closed surface containing
E a and Eq will be
the charge distribution, at every point of
(a) Ea =4Eq (b) Eq =2Ea which electric field has a single fixed value
(c) Ea =2Eq (d) Eq = 3Ea (d) None of the above
08

41. Flux coming out from a unit positive (a) in Fig. (iv) is the largest
charge enclosed in air is (b) in Fig. (iii) is the least
(c) in Fig. (ii) is same as Fig. (iii), but is smaller
(a) £0 (b) (r0 i-1 (c) (4nr0 i-1 (d) 4n£0 than Fig. (iv)
42. A charge q is placed at the point of (d) is the same for all the figures
intersection of body diagonals of a
46. Eight dipoles of charges of magnitude e
cube. The electric flux passing through
each are placed inside a cube. The total
any one of its face is (CBSE SQP 2020)
electric flux coming out of the cube will
3
(a) _9_ (b) q (c) _§__g_ (d) _9_ be
6� � � �o
43. The electric flux through a closed
gaussian surface depends upon (d) zero
(CBSE Delhi 2020)
(a) net charge enclosed and permittivity of the 47. Two parallel infinite line charges+ 'A
medium
(b) net charge enclosed, permittivity of the and - 'A are placed with a separation
medium and the size of the Gaussian distance R in free space. The net
surface electric field exactly mid-way between
(c) net charge enclosed only the two line charges is
(d) permittivity of the medium only
(a) zero (b) �
n£ 0 R
44. A point charge+ 10 µC is at a distance 1
5 cm directly above the centre of a (d)--
2nc0 R
square of side 10 cm, as shown in
figu re. What is the magnitude of the 48. Two plates each having an area A are
electric flux through the square? kept parallel to each other at a short
5cm distance d . They carry charges+ Q, and
- Q,, respectively. The electric field in
1 the space between the plates will be
(a) 01£0 A
§ (b) £ 0 Al0-d
2

,_____,j
f------- 1 0 cm �
49. An infinite line charge produces a field
of 18 x 10 4 N/C at 0.02 m. The linear
(a) zero (b) l.Bxl0 2 Nm2 c-1 charge density is
(c) l.8xl04 Nm2 C-1 (d) l.8xl0 5 Nm2 c-1 (a) 2 xl0-7 C/m
(b) 10-sC/m
45. The electric flux through the surface (c) 107 C/m

s0GvJ
(NCERT Exemplar) 4
(d)l0- C/m

50. A long cylindrical wire carries a

positive charge of linear density 'A. An
electron (- e, m) revolves around it in a
circular path under the influence of the
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) attractive electrostatic force.
 09

The speed of electron is (b) By convention, the charge on an electron is

taken to be negative.
(a) V ocr0 (b) V ocr2
1 1 (c) The fact that electric charge is always an
(c) V oc- (d) V oc- integral multiple of e is termed as
r f
quantisation of charge.
51. Electrification by rubbing two bodies (d) The quantisation of charge was
experimentally demonstrated by Newton in
together is due to transference of
1912
......... from one body to the other.
(a) ions (b) electrons 57. The spatial distribution of the electric
(c) holes (d) positrons field due to charges (A, B) is shown in
figure. Which one of the following
52. The point charges each equal to 1 C statements is correct?
exert a force ......... mutually when
they are placed lm apart in air.
(a)10 8 N (b) 9 xl0 9 N
(c)10 10 N (d) 9 xl0 6 N B

53. Two spheres have their surface charge

densities in the ratio of 2 : 3 and their
(a) A is positive and 8 is negative IAI>IBI.
radii 3 : 2. The ratio of the charges on
(b) A is negative and 8 is positive JAi = IBI.
them is ......... .
(cl Both are positive but A>8.
(a)3: 2 (b)4: 2 (c)2:3 (d)2:4
(d) Both are negative but A>B.
54. An electric charge q is placed at one of
the corners of a cube of side a. The 58. Figure shows electric field lines in
electric flux on one of its faces will be which an electric dipole P is placed as
shown. Which of the following
(a)--9__ (b)-q- statements is correct? (NCERT Exemplar)
2
0€0 €00

(c)-q- -
(d)-q
41teao 2 24e 0

55. According the Gauss's theorem, electric p

-P-'--+---.... +p
field of an infinitely long straight wire is
inversely proportional to ......... .
(a) distance
(a) The dipole will not experience any force.
(b) diameter
(b) The dipole will experience a force
(c) radius
towards right.
(d) surface charge density
(c) The dipole will experience a force
56. Which of the following statement(s) towards left.
(d) The dipole will experience a force upwards.
is/are incorrect regarding the point
charge? 59. Match the Column I (electric lines of
(a) The charge q on a body is always given by force) with Column II (types of charge)
q =ne, wheren is any integer, positive or and select the correct answer from the
negative. codes given below.
10

Column I Column II Assertion/Reasoning MCOs

P· A pair of For question numbers 61 to 76, two
equal and
opposite statements are given-one labelled
charges Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to
these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c)
q. A pair of
positive and (d) are as given below
charges (a) Both A and Rare true and R is the
correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and Rare true but R is not the
r. A single correct explanation of A.
positive (c) A is true but R is false.
charge (d) A is false and R is also false.

61. Assertion When we produce charge q1

s. A single on a body by rubbing it against another
negative
body which gets a charge q2 in the
charge
process, then q1 + q2 = 0.
Codes Reason Charge on an isolated system
A B C D A B C D
remains constant.
(a) p q s (b) r q p s
(c) r s p q (d) r s q p 62. Assertion When charges are shared
between any two bodies, then no
60. Match the Column I (type of body) with charge is really lost but some loss of
Column II (electric field) and select the energy does occur.
correct answer from the codes given
Reason Some energy disappears in the
below. form of heat, sparking, etc.
Column I Column II 63. Assertion At macroscopic level,
A. Infinite plane P· 'A quantisation of charge has no practical
sheet of charge 2n£0r consequence and can be ignored.
B. Infinite plane q. (J Reason 1 µC charge contains 10 15 times
sheet of uniform 2£0 electronic charge e approximately.
thickness
C. Infinitely long r. (J 64. Assertion Mass of a body does not
uniformly charged fo decreases, when it is negatively
straight wire charged.
Codes Reason Charging is not mainly due to
A B C transfer of electrons.
(a) q p 65. Assertion The gravitational force is the
(b) r q p dominating force in the universe.
(c) p q Reason The coulomb force is weaker
(d) q p than the gravitational force.
 11

66. Assertion At the centre of the line 73. Assertion If a dipole is enclosed by a
joining two equal and opposite charges, surface, then according to Gauss's law,
E =0. electric flux linked with it will be zero.
Reason At the centre of the line joining Reason The charge enclosed by a
two equal and similar charge, E #- 0. surface is zero.

67. Assertion A point charge is brought in 74. Assertion In a region, where

an electric field, then electric field at a uniform electric field exists, the net
nearby point may increase or decrease. charge within volume of any size is
zero.
Reason The electric field is dependent
on the nature of charge. Reason The electric flux within any
closed surface in a region of uniform
68. Assertion Acceleration of charged electric field is zero.
particle in non-uniform electric field does
not depend on velocity of charged 75. Assertion Upon displacement of
particle. charges within a closed surface, E at
Reason Charge is an invariant quantity. any point on the surface does change.
Reason The flux crossing through a
69. Assertion Electric lines of force cross closed surface is dependent on the
each other.
location of charge within the surface.
Reason Electric field at a point does not
superimposes to give one resultant 76. Assertion E in outside vicinity of a
electric field. conductor depends only on the local
charge density cr and it is independent
70. Assertion Away from a charge field lines of the other charges present anywhere
gets weaker and density of field lines is on the conductor.
less, resulting in well separated lines.
Reason E in outside vicinity of a
Reason Only a finite number of lines
conductor 1s
. given
. b y -.
2cr
can be drawn from a charge. Eo
71. Assertion On going away from a small
electric dipole, electric field decreases. Case Based MCOs
Reason Electric field is inversely Direction Answer the questions from
proportional to square of distance from 77-81 on the following case.
an electric dipole. Electric Charges
72. Assertion In a non-uniform electric The physical property of matter that causes
field, a dipole will have translatory as it to experience a force when placed in an
well as rotatory motion. electromagnetic field is called electric
charge. Electric charge is a characteristic
Reason In non-uniform electric field, that accompanies fundamental particles,
dipole experiences torque only. wherever they exist.
(CBSE SQP 2021)
12

The process of charging a neutral body by (b) decreases slightly by a factor of

bringing a charged body nearby it without □-
9.llxl 31kg
(c) remains the same
making contact between the two bodies is
(d) may increase of decrease
known as charging by induction.
Figures given below are showing the 81. The value of charge on a body which
sequential steps of charging a conductor carries 30 excess electrons is
permanently by using the process of charging (a) -4.8 xl0-18 C □-
(b) 4.8 x1 18 C
by induction. (c) -4 xl0-18 C (d) 48 x10-18C

Direction Answer the questions from

82-86 on the following case.
Charge between Parallel Plates
Surface charge density is defined as the
Fig. (a) Fig. (b) Fig. (c) charge per unit surface area of surface charge
dq
d.IStn.but1on.
. .
1.e. cr = -
dS
77. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, it
becomes positively charged because Two large, thin metal plates are parallel and
close to each other. On their inner faces, the
(a) protons are transferred to silk
(b) electrons are transferred to silk
plates have surface charge densities of
(c) protons are added to it opposite signs having magnitude of
(d) electrons are added to it 17 .0 x 10-22 Cm -2 as shown below
+ 0 - 0
78. Which of the following method can be

[t,�
used to charge a metal sphere positively
without touching it?
(a) Connect the positive terminal of battery
A B
and float the other end of battery.
(b) Rub it with a piece of fur.
The intensity of electric field at a point is
-cr
(c) Bring a negatively charged rod near it and E=
touch it to ground for some time.
Eo
(d) Rub it with a piece of silk.
where, EO = permittivity of free space.
79. We have two bodies with charge q1 and
q2 on them, then q1 + q2 = 0, signify, 82. E in the outer region of the first plate is
(a)17xl0-22 N/C 15
(b)l.5 xl0- N/C
(a) q 1 and q 2 are equal charges
(c)l.9x10-10N/C (d)zero
(b) q 1 and q 2 are equal charges with opposite
signs 83. E in the outer region of the second plate
(c) q 1 and q 2 are equal charges with same signs
is
(d) q 1 and q 2 are not equal charges 15
(a)17x10-22 N/C (b)l.5xl0- N/C
10
80. If an object is positively charged, (c)l.9x10- N/C (d)zero
theoretically, the mass of the object 84. E between the plates is
(a) increases slightly by a factor of (a)17x10-22 N/C (b)l.5x10-15N/C
9.11xl0-31kg
(c)l.9x10-10N/C (d)zero
 13

85. The ratio of E from right side of plate B 88. Choose the correct statement regarding
at distances 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively electric lines of force.
is (a) Emerges from negative charge and meet at
(a) 1: 2 (b)2: 1 positive charge.
(c) 1: 1 (d) 1: ./2 (b) A closely spaced region of electric lines of
force represents strong electric field.
86. In order to estimate the electric field (c) Representation of field lines for a point
due to a thin finite plane metal plate, charge and a solid sphere are same.
the gaussian surface considered is (d) They have physical nature.
(a) spherical (b) cylindrical
(c) straight line (d) None of these
89. The spacing between two electric field
lines indicates its
Direction Answer the questions from (a) charge
87-91 on the following case. (b) position
(c) strength
Electric Field Lines
(d) None of the above
An electric field line in general is a curve
drawn in such a way that the tangent to it at 90. The electric field lines of a negatively
each point is in the direction of the electric charged particle are
field at that point. A field line is a space (a) radial and outwards
curve, i.e. a curve in three dimensions. (b) radial and inwards
(c) circular and anticlockwise
Electric field lines are thus used to pictorially (d) circular and clockwise
map the electric field around a charge or a
configuration of charges. 91. What kind of charges are of 1, 2 and 3?

I l \
Field lines showing electric (a) q, =-ve,q2 =-ve,q3 =-ve
field of a point charge (b) q, =-ve,q2 =+ve,q3 =+ ve
(c) q,=+ve,q2 =-ve,q3 =-ve
The density of field lines is more near the (d)q,=+ve,q2 =+ve,q3 =+ve
charge. Away from the charge, the field is
weak, so the density of field lines is less. Direction Answer the questions from
92-96 on the following case.
87. Electric field lines always move from
(a) higher to lower potential
Electric Dipole
(b) lower to higher potential An electric dipole is a pair of point charges
(c) infinity to zero potential with equal magnitude and opposite in sign
(d) None of the above separated by a very small distance.
14

The mid-point of locations of -q and q is 96. What are the dimensions of dipole
called the centre of the dipole. moment?
o � Centre of dipole (a)[ILT] (bl [IL r1 J
2
(c)[IL T] (d) [IT]
-q +q
The strength of an electric dipole is measured Direction Answer the questions from
by a vector quantity known as electric 97-101 on the following case.
dipole moment (p) which is the product of Faraday Cage
the charge (q) and separation between the A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an
charges (2n. enclosure made of a conducting material. The
In most molecules, the centres of positive fields within a conductor cancel out with any
charges and of negative charges lie at the external fields, so the electric field within the
same place, hence their dipole moment is enclosure is zero.
zero. e.g. CO 2, CH 4• However, they develop a These Faraday cages act as big hollow
dipole moment when an electric field is conductors. You can put things to shield them
applied. But some molecules have permanent from electrical fields. Any electrical shocks
dipole moment. e.g. H 2 0 which are called the cage receives, pass harmlessly around the
polar molecules. If the centre of mass of outside of the cage. (CBSE SQP 2021)
positive charges coincides with the centre of
mass of negative charges, the molecule
behaves as a non-polar molecule.
92. Dipoles in an electric field undergo
(a) magnetism (b) electromagnetism
(c) magnetisation (d) polarisation

93. Calculate the distance (in units)

between two charges of 4C each
forming a dipole with a dipole moment
of 6 units. 97. Which of the following material can be
(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (cl 2
used to make a Faraday cage?
(d) 2.5
(a) Plastic (b) Glass
94. The dipole moment of two equal (c) Copper (d) Wood
charges 2C separated by a distance of
2cm is 98. Example of a real-world Faraday cage
(a) 0.02 C-m is
(b) 0.04 C-m (a) car (bl plastic box
(c) 0.06 C-m (c) lightning rod (d) metal rod
(d) 0.08 C-m 99. What is the electrical force inside a
95. Dipole moments are used to calculate Faraday cage, when it is struck by
the lightning?
(a) electric field intensity (a) The same as the lightning
(b) polarisation pattern (b) Half that of the lightning
(c) strength of the dipole in the field (c) Zero
(d) susceptibility (d) A quarter of the lightning
 15

100. An isolated point charge + q is placed with surface of 9 cm edge. The number
inside the Faraday cage. Its surface of electric field lines passing through
must have charge equal to the cube normally will be
(a) 1.9 x10 5 N-m 2 /C, entering the surface
(a) zero (b) +q 2
(b) 1.9 x10 5 N-m /C, leaving the surface
(c) -q (d) +2q 5 2
(c) 2.01x10 N-m /C, leaving the surface
5 2
101. A point charge of 2C is placed at centre (d) 2.01x10 N-m /C, entering the surface
of Faraday cage in the shape of cube

ANSWERS
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (c)
31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (d) 45. (d) 46 (d) 47. (b) 48. (a) 49 (a) 50 (a)
51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56 (d) 57. (a) 58. (c) 59 (d) 60 (a)

Assertion/Reasoning MCOs
61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (d) 65. (c) 66. (d) 67. (a) 68. (b) 69. (d) 70. (c)
71. (c) 72. (c) 73. (a) 74. (a) 75. (d) 76. (d)

Case Based MCOs

77. (b) 78. (c) 79. (b) 80. (b) 81. (a) 82. (d) 83. (d) 84. (c) 85. (c) 86. (b)
87. (a) 88. (b) 89. (c) 90. (b) 91. (c) 92. (d) 93 (b) 94 (b) 95 (b) 96. (a)
97. (c) 98. (a) 99. (c) 100. (c) 101. (c)