*ABOUT TORQUE CONVERTER*
-A Torque converter is a fluid coupling device which transmit drive (force and motion) from engine to th
transmission by means of fluid motion,,it is mounted on the input shaft of the transmission gear train
and connected to the drive plate/flex plate (diaphragm)..th drive plate/ flexi plates connects e converter
2 e crankshaft flywheel flange of e engine..
*#..Role of the t/converter:*
-multiplies torque generated by th engine .
-serves as an automatic clutch wch transmit engine torque to th transmission.
-smoothes out engine rotation
-drives the oil pump o e hydraulic control system.
*#..T/c components are as follows:*
-impeller wch is mounted to t/c case..It has many curved vanes that are radially mounted inside.. A
guide ring is installed on th inner edge of th vanes to provide a path fr smooth fluid flow.
-Turbine runner also got curved vanes attached 2 it and are opposite from that of th impeller.
-Stator wc is located betwn th impeller & turbine, and is mounted on the stator reaction shaft wc is fixed
to th transmission case..The vanes of th stator catch e fluid as it leaves th turbine runner and redirects it
so that it strikes e back of th vanes of th impeller, giving th impeller an added boost or torque
-some are equipped wth lock-up mechanism..th unit comprise of a piston, frictional clutches and
reactional/steel disc
-then mune maspacers, bearings nezvimwewo zvakangodaro daro..
*T/Converter operation*
-It operates in 3 phases/stages and th phases are as follows:
Vortex flow , Rotary flow and Coupling phase
#Stage 1: *Vortex flow*(Stall)
-Is th spiral flow wch continues as long as there is a difference speed btween the impeller and turbine..
So with th engine running, th convertor charge pump(driven by th shaft splined to th centre hub of
impeller) draws oil from th transmission sump & directs it thru oil filters to th th regulating vlve..Frm th
RV it is then directed thru th control cover of th transmission to th impeller wch wil be rotating at an
equal speed to th engine & creates a centrifugal force tht throws oil in th convertor housing to th
outside walls and creats vacuum at th center of th housing wch draws th oil back to th center thru th
turbine..When th oil strikes th curved fins on th turbine , it causes it to rotate and due to tht curvature of
tb fins, th turbine is forced to rotate in th opposite direction of th impeller and th oil flow is changed as
a result. . This reversed oil flow is redirected again by th stationary stator wch is also hvng curved fins b4
it reaches th impeller and cause th oil to flow at th same direction wth th impeller ..The oil wil then
circulate thrown against th turbine (wch is splined to th output shaft)- thus passing around th circuit
again, and force it to turn there by transmitting th torque to transmission. .After tht process th oil wil
then pass thru a distributor wch wil directs it out of th convertor down stream to th cooler then to
lubrication of trnsmssn bearings, clutches then to th sump..
##Note at this stage the stator wil be stationery and th speed wil be low and th result is "torque
multiplication"
#Stage 2: *Rotary flow*(Acceleration):
-Is fluid flow wch circulate wth converter body rotation, this flow is great whn the difference in speed
between th impeller and turbine is small, as when vehicle/machine is being driven at a constant speed..
-So wth th increase in engine speed, th impeller wil also cause th velocity of oil flow to increase and as a
result th turbine wil olso bcme similar and th outcme to th transmission is high speed..However, this
result in increase of oil speed leaving th turbine hits th stator "at a different angel" and moves it in th
same direction as th impeller and turbine..
##Note..at this stage(th stator wil be rotating) no torque multiplication wil be achieved coz th result of
high speed is less torque..
#Stage 3: *Coupling phase*
Not all T/Converters are having lockup clutches systems..
However, in convertors equipped with Lock-up clutches, or hydraulic clutch (assembly of a piston wth a
seal, reactional discs and frictional discs splines to th impeller housing and retainers/springs and a steel
locker)..It used to lock th engine mechanically to th output shaft..Th result of tht previous speed I
mentioned above wil also cause th increase in hydraulic pressure. And th lock up is accomplished by
hydraulic pressure actuating th clutch which in turn locks th impeller cover to th turbine and during this
stage th torque convertor wil be essentially eliminated frm th power train and allows th engine and
transmission to rotate at a near 1:1 ratio..
##Note..Some lock-ups wil not automatically engage, th operator wil actuate th lock-up option (and if he
actuates, th lockup solenoid energises and opens th remote mounted lockup valve and it wil directs oil
frm th transmission to th lockup clutch in th torque convertor wch mechanically couples tb turbine wth
th impeller and wil remain coupled until th operator turns off th lock up option..And pasystem iyi lockup
can be engaged in all forward gears asi haiite pa reverse.
FURTHER RESEARCH IS ADVISABLE
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