International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

————————————————————————–
Volume 68 No. 1 2011, 1-11

ON NON-STANDARD n-NORM ON SOME SEQUENCE SPACES

Hemen Dutta1 , B. Surender Reddy2 §

1 Department
of Mathematics
Gauhati University
Kokrajhar Campus, Assam, INDIA
e-mail: hemen [email protected]
2 Department of Mathematics

Post Graduate College of Science - PGCS, Saifabad

Osmania University
Hyderabad, 500004, AP, INDIA
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In this paper, we construct some difference sequence spaces which

we call the spaces of ∆s(r) -convergent, ∆s(r) -null and ∆s(r) -bounded sequences
with respect to n-norm on a real linear space X. We study these spaces by
defining non-standard n-norm and (n − r)-norm for every r = 1, 2 . . . , n − 1.
We show that under certain cases, convergence and completeness in the n-norm
is equivalent to those in the (n−r)-norm. We also prove the fixed point theorem
for these spaces, which are n-Banach spaces.

AMS Subject Classification: 40A05, 46A45, 46B70

Key Words: n-normed spaces, completeness, fixed point theorem

1. Introduction

Let w, ℓ∞ , c and c0 denote the spaces of all, bounded, convergent and null se-
quences x = (xk ) with complex terms respectively, normed by kxk∞ = sup|xk |,
k
where k ∈ N = {1, 2, 3, . . . } – the set of positive integers.

Received: October 22, 2009 c 2011 Academic Publications

§ Correspondence author
2 H. Dutta, B.S. Reddy

Kizmaz [12] defined the difference sequence spaces ℓ∞ (∆), c(∆) and c0 (∆)
by Z(∆) = {x = (xk ) : ∆x ∈ Z}, for Z = ℓ∞ , c and c0 , where ∆x=(∆xk )
= (xk − xk+1 ) for all k ∈ N and these spaces are Banach spaces with norm
kxk= |x1 |+k∆xk∞ .
Mikail Et and Rifat Colak [3] defined further generalization of the difference
sequence spaces ℓ∞ (∆m ), c(∆m ) and c0 (∆m ) by Z(∆m )={x = (xk ) : ∆m x ∈
Z}, for Z = ℓ∞ , c and c0 , where m ∈ N , ∆0 x = (xk ), ∆x=(∆xk ) = (xk −xk+1 ),
∆m x = (∆m xk ) = (∆m−1 xk − ∆m−1 xk+1 ) for all k ∈ N and which is equivalent
m
to the binomial representation ∆m xk = (−1)v m
P

v xk+v and these spaces are
v=0
m m
|xi |+k∆m xk∞ = |xi |+ sup|∆m xk |.
P P
Banach spaces with norm kxk∆m =
i=1 i=1 k
B.C. Tripathy and Ayhan Esi [14] defined another type of generalization
of the difference sequence spaces ℓ∞ (∆r ), c(∆r ) and c0 (∆r ) by Z(∆r ) = {x =
(xk ) : ∆r x ∈ Z}, for Z = ℓ∞ , c and c0 , where r ∈ N , ∆r x = (∆r xk ) =
(xk − xk+r ) for all k ∈ N and these spaces are Banach spaces with norm kxk∆r
P r Pr
= |xi | + k∆r xk∞ = |xi | + sup|∆r xk |. For r = 1, we get the spaces
i=1 i=1 k
ℓ∞ (∆r ) = ℓ∞ (∆), c(∆r ) = c(∆) and c0 (∆r ) = c0 (∆).
Let r, s be non-negative integers then Hemen Dutta [1] defined the difference
sequence spaces ℓ∞ (∆s(r) ), c(∆s(r) ) and c0 (∆s(r) ) by Z(∆s(r) )={x = (xk ) : ∆s(r) x ∈
Z}, for Z = ℓ∞ , c and c0 , where ∆(r)s x = (∆s(r) xk ) = (∆(r)
s−1 s−1
xk − ∆(r) xk−r )
and ∆0(r) x = (xk ) for all k ∈ N and which is equivalent to the binomial repre-
s
sentation ∆s(r) xk = (−1)v vs xk−rv . For s = 1, we get the spaces ℓ∞ (∆s(r) )
P

v=0
= ℓ∞ (∆(r) ), c(∆s(r) ) = c(∆(r) ) and c0 (∆s(r) ) = c0 (∆(r) ) (see [2]). For r = s = 1,
we get the spaces ℓ∞ (∆s(r) ) = ℓ∞ (∆), c(∆s(r) ) = c(∆) and c0 (∆s(r) ) = c0 (∆).
The concept of 2-normed spaces was first developed by Gähler [4], [5], [6],
[7] in the mid of 1960’s, while that of n-normed space can be found in Misiak
[13]. A systematic development of n-normed spaces has been extensively made
by many authors including Gunawan [8], [9], Gunawan and Mashadi [11].
Let n ∈ N and X be a real linear space of dimension d ≥ n ≥ 2. A real
valued function k•, •, . . . , •k: X n → R satisfying the following four properties:
(nN1 ) kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn k= 0 if and only if x1 , x2 , . . . , xn are linearly dependent
vectors.
(nN2 ) kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn k= kxj1 , xj2 , . . . , xjn k for every permutation (j1 , j2 ,
. . . , jn ) of (1, 2, . . . , n), i.e. kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn k is invariant under any permuta-
tion of x1 , x2 , . . . , xn .
(nN3 ) kαx1 , x2 , . . . , xn k= |α| kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn k for all α ∈ R.
 ON NON-STANDARD n-NORM ON SOME SEQUENCE SPACES 3

(nN4 ) kx + x′ , x2 , . . . , xn k≤ kx, x2 , . . . , xn k+kx′ , x2 , . . . , xn k for all x, x′ , x2 ,

. . . , xn ∈ X, is called an n-norm on X and the pair (X, k•, •, . . . , •k) is called
linear n-normed space.
A trivial example of an n-normed space is X = Rn equipped with the
following Euclidean n-norm:
 
x11 x12 . . . x1n
 x21 x22 . . . x2n 
kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kE = |det(xij )|= abs  .. .. .. ,
 
..
 . . . . 
xn1 xn2 . . . xnn

where xi = (xi1 , . . . , xin ) ∈ Rn for each i = 1, 2, . . . , n.

Example 1. Consider the linear space Pm of real polynomials of degree
≤ m on the interval [0, 1]. Let {xi }nm i=0 be nm + 1 arbitrary but distinct fixed
points in [0, 1]. For f1 , f2 , . . . , fn in Pm , let us define


 0, if f1 , f2 , . . . , fn are

linearly dependent,



kf1 , f2 , . . . , fn k= nm
P

 |f1 (xi )f2 (xi ) . . . fn (xi )|, if f1 , f2 , . . . , fn are
i=0


linearly independent.


Then k•, •, . . . , •k is an n-norm on Pm .

Proof. If f1 , f2 , . . . , fn are linearly dependent, then kf1 , f2 , . . . , fn k= 0.

Conversely assume
nm
X
|f1 (xi )f2 (xi ) . . . fn (xi )|= 0.
i=0

This implies that

f1 (xi )f2 (xi ) . . . fn (xi ) = 0 at nm + 1 distinct points.

Since the degree of each fi ≤ m, we must have at least one fi = 0. Thus

kf1 , f2 , . . . , fn k= 0 if and only if f1 , f2 , . . . , fn are linearly dependent.

Other properties for n-norm can be easily verified.

4 H. Dutta, B.S. Reddy

If (X, k•, •, . . . , •k) is an n-normed space of dimension d ≥ n ≥ 2 and

{a1 , a2 , . . . , an } be a linearly independent set in X, then the following function
k•, •, . . . , •k∞ on X n−1 defined by

kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn−1 k∞ = max{kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn−1 , ai k: i = 1, 2, . . . , n}

defines an (n − 1)-norm on X with respect to {a1 , a2 , . . . , an } and this is known

as derived (n − 1)-norm on X (see [11]).
The standard n-norm on X, a real inner product space of dimension d ≥ n
is as follows:
1
hx1 , x1 i . . . hx1 , xn i 2

kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kS = .. .. .. ,
. . .
hxn , x1 i . . . hxn , xn i

where h•, •i denotes the inner product on X. If X = Rn , then this n-norm is

exactly the same as the Euclidean n-norm k•, • . . . , •kE mentioned earlier. For
1
n = 1, this n-norm is the usual norm kx1 kS = hx1 , x1 i 2 .
A sequence (xk ) in an n-normed space (X, k•, •, . . . , •k) is said to converge
to some L ∈ X in the n-norm if lim kxk − L, w2 , w3 . . . , wn k= 0, for every
k→∞
w2 , w3 . . . , wn ∈ X.
A sequence (xk ) in an n-normed space (X, k•, •, . . . , •k) is said to be Cauchy
with respect to the n-norm if lim kxk − xl , w2 , w3 . . . , wn k= 0, for every
k,l→∞
w2 , w3 . . . , wn ∈ X.
If every Cauchy sequence in X converges to some L ∈ X, then X is said to
be complete with respect to the n-norm. Any complete n-normed space is said
to be n-Banach space.
Now we state the following three usefull results as Lemmas which can be
found in [11].
Lemma 1. Every n-normed space is an (n − r)-normed space for all r =
1, 2, . . . , n − 1. In particular, every n-normed space is a normed space.
Lemma 2. A standard n-normed space is complete if and only if it is
1
complete with respect to the usual norm k•kS =< •, • > 2 .
Lemma 3. On a standard n-normed space X, the derived (n − 1)-norm
k., . . . , .k∞ , defined with respect to orthonormal set {e1 , e2 , . . . , en }, is equiva-
lent to the standard (n − 1)-norm k•, •, . . . , •kS . Precisely, we have
√
kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn−1 k∞ ≤ kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn−1 kS ≤ nkx1 , x2 , . . . , xn−1 k∞
 ON NON-STANDARD n-NORM ON SOME SEQUENCE SPACES 5

for all x1 , x2 , . . . , xn−1 , where kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn−1 k∞ =max{kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn−1 , ei kS :

i = 1, 2, . . . , n}
Let (X, k•, •, . . . , •kX ) be an n-normed space and w(n − X) denotes X-
valued sequence space. Let r and s be non-negative integers, then we define
the following sequence spaces:
c0 (X, ∆s(r) ) = {(xk ) ∈ w(n − X) : lim k∆s(r) xk , z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX
k→∞
= 0, for every z1 , . . . , zn−1 ∈ X},

c(X, ∆s(r) ) = {(xk ) ∈ w(n − X) : lim k∆s(r) xk − L, z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX

k→∞
= 0, for every z1 , . . . , zn−1 ∈ X and some L},

ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ) = {(xk ) ∈ w(n − X) : supk∆s(r) xk , z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX

k
< ∞, for every z1 , . . . , zn−1 ∈ X}.

We call these spaces c(X, ∆s(r) ), c0 (X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ) as the spaces of
∆s(r) -convergent, ∆s(r) -null and ∆s(r) -bounded sequences with respect to n-norm
k•, •, . . . , •kX on the space X.
In the above definition of spaces, n-norm k•, •, . . . , •kX on X is either a stan-
dard n-norm or a non-standard n-norm. In general, we write k•, •, . . . , •kX and
for standard case we write k•, •, . . . , •kS . For derived norms we use k•, •, . . . , •k∞ .
It is obvious that c0 (X, ∆s(r) ) ⊂ c(X, ∆s(r) ) ⊂ ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ).

2. Main Results

In this section we investigate the main results of this article involving the se-
quence spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ).
Theorem 1. The spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ) are linear
spaces.

Proof. The proof of this theorem can be proved very easily.

Theorem 2. Let Y be any one of the spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and
ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ). We define the following function k•, •, . . . , •kY on Y × . . . × Y
(n-factors) by

kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY = 0, if x1 , x2 , . . . , xn are linearly dependent and

6 H. Dutta, B.S. Reddy

kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY = supk∆s(r) x1k , z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX ,

k≥1

for every z1 , . . . , zn−1 ∈ X, if x1 , x2 , . . . , xn are linearly independent.

Then
k•, •, . . . , •kY is a non-standard n-norm on Y . (2.1)

Proof. If x1 , x2 , . . . , xn are linearly dependent, then kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY = 0.

Conversely assume that kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY = 0. Then using (2.1), we have

supk∆s(r) x1k , z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX = 0, for every z1 , . . . , zn−1 ∈ X.

k≥1

This implies that

k∆s(r) x1k , z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX = 0, for every z1 , . . . , zn−1 ∈ X and k ∈ N.

Hence we must have ∆s(r) x1k = 0 for all k ∈ N . Let k = 1, then ∆s(r) x1k =
s
(−1)v vs x11−rv = 0 and so x11 = 0, by putting x11−rv = 0 for v = 1, 2, . . . , s.
P

v=0
Similarly taking k = 2, we have x12 = 0 and so on. Proceeding in this way
inductively, we get x1 = θ and hence x1 , x2 , . . . , xn are linearly dependent.
Since k•, •, . . . , •kX is an n-norm on X and

kx2 , x1 , . . . , xn kY = supkz1 , ∆s(r) x1k , . . . , zn−1 kX ,

k≥1

etc., it is clear that kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY is invariant under permutation.

Let α ∈ R be any element. If αx1 , x2 , . . . , xn are linearly dependent, then
it is obvious that

kαx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY = |α|kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY .

Otherwise,

kαx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY = supk∆s(r) αx1k , z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX = |α|kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY .

k≥1

Finally, let x1 = (x1k ) and y 1 = (yk1 ) ∈ Y , then clearly

kx1 + y 1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY ≤ kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY +ky 1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY .

Thus we can conclude that k•, •, . . . , •kY is an n-norm on Y.

ON NON-STANDARD n-NORM ON SOME SEQUENCE SPACES 7

The following corollary is a consequence of Lemma 1.

Corollary 3. The spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ) are
(n − r)-normed spaces for all r = 1, 2, . . . , n − 1. In particular these spaces are
normed spaces.
In fact we can define (n − r)-norm on the spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and
ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ) for all r = 1, 2, . . . , n − 1. This is the aim of the next theorem.
Theorem 4. Let Y be any one of the spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and
ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ). We define the following function k•, •, . . . , •kY on Y × . . . × Y
((n − r)-factors) by
kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn−r kY = 0 if x1 , x2 , . . . , xn−r are linearly dependent and
kx1 , x2 , . . . , xn−r kY = supk∆s(r) x1k , z1 , . . . , zn−r−1 kX , for every z1 , . . . ,
k≥1
zn−r−1 ∈ X, if x1 , x2 , . . . , xn−r are linearly independent.
Then

k•, •, . . . , •kY
is a non-standard (n − r)-norm on Y for all r = 1, 2, . . . , n − 1. (2.2)

Proof. The proof is similar to that of Theorem 2.

Remark 1. In (2.2) above, for any linearly independent set {a1 , a2 , . . . , an },

k∆s(r) x1k , z1 , . . . , zn−r−1 k∞ = max{k∆s(r) x1k , z1 , . . . , zn−r−1 , ai1 , ai2 , . . . , air kX },

{i1 , i2 , . . . , ir } ⊆ {1, 2, . . . , n} is an derived (n − r)-norm on X for each k ∈ N

and for all r = 1, 2, . . . , n − 1.
Theorem 5. If X is an n-Banach space, then the spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ),
c(X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ) are n-Banach spaces under the norm (2.1).

Proof. Let Y be any one of the spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ).
Let (xi ) be any Cauchy sequence in Y . Let ε > 0 be given. Then there
exists a positive integer n0 such that kxi − xj , u2 , . . . , un kY < ε, for every
u2 , . . . , un ∈ Y and i, j ≥ n0 . Using the definition of n-norm, we get

supk∆s(r) (xik − xjk ), z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX < ε, for all i, j ≥ n0 .

k

It follows that

k∆s(r) (xik − xjk ), z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX < ε, for all i, j ≥ n0 and k ∈ N.

8 H. Dutta, B.S. Reddy

Hence ∆s(r) (xik ) is a Cauchy sequence in X for all k ∈ N and so it is convergent in

X for all k ∈ N , since X is an n-Banach space. For simplicity, let lim ∆s(r) xik =
i→∞
yk , for each k ∈ N . Putting k = 1, 2, 3, . . . , we can easily argue that lim xik =
i→∞
xk , exists for each k ∈ N . Since n-norm is a continuous function, we can have

supk∆s(r) (xik − xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX < ε, for all i ≥ n0 and j → ∞.

k

It follows that (xi − x) ∈ Y . Since (xi ) ∈ Y and Y is a linear space, so we have

x = xi − (xi − x) ∈ Y . This completes the proof of the theorem.

Using Lemma 2, we get the next corollary.

Corollary 6. If X is a Banach space under the standard n-norm, then
the spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ) are n-Banach spaces.
Theorem 7. Let Y be any one of the spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and
ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ). If (xi ) converges to x in Y in the n-norm (2.1), then (xi ) also
converges to x in the (n − 1)-norm (2.2).

Proof. Let (xi ) converges to x in Y in the n-norm (2.1), then

kxi − x, u1 , . . . , un−1 kY → 0 as i → ∞ for every u1 , . . . , un−1 ∈ Y.

Using definition of n-norm (2.1), we get

supk∆s(r) (xik − xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−1 kX → 0 as i → ∞.

k

Then for any linearly independent set {a1 , a2 , . . . , an } we have

supk∆s(r) (xik − xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−2 , aj kX → 0 as i → ∞

k

and for each j = 1, 2, . . . , n. This implies that

supk∆s(r) (xik − xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−2 k∞ → 0 as i → ∞.

k

Thus kxi − x, u1 , . . . , un−2 kY → 0 as i → ∞ for every u1 , . . . , un−2 ∈ Y .

Hence (xi ) converges to x in the (n − 1)-norm.

If X is equipped with standard n-norm and derived norm is with respect

to an orthonormal set, then the converse of the above theorem is valid.
ON NON-STANDARD n-NORM ON SOME SEQUENCE SPACES 9

Theorem 8. Let X be a standard n-normed space and the derived (n−1)-

norm on X is with respect to an orthonormal set. Let Y be any one of the spaces
c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ). If (xi ) convergent in Y in the n-norm
(2.1) if and only if (xi ) is convergent in Y in the (n − 1)-norm (2.2).

Proof. In view of the above theorem, it is enough to prove that (xi ) is

convergent in the (n − 1)-norm which implies (xi ) is convergent in the n-norm.
Let (xi ) converge to x in Y in the (n − 1)-norm. Then

kxi − x, u1 , . . . , un−2 kY → 0 as i → ∞ for every u1 , . . . , un−2 ∈ Y.

Using the definition of (n − 1)-norm (2.2), we get

supk∆s(r) (xik − xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−2 k∞ → 0 as i → ∞.

k

Now we have

k∆s(r) (xik − xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−1 kS ≤ k∆s(r) (xik − xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−2 kS kzn−1 kS ,

where k•, •, . . . , •kS and k•kS on the right hand side denote the standard (n−1)-
norm and the usual norm on X respectively. Since derived (n − 1)-norm on
X is with respect to an orthonormal set, using Lemma 3, we have k∆s(r) (xik −
√
xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−1 kS ≤ nk∆s(r) (xik − xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−2 k∞ kzn−1 kS and in this case
k•, •, . . . , •k∞ on the right hand side is the derived (n − 1)-norm which we use
to define the (n − 1)-norm (2.2). Hence

supk∆s(r) (xik − xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−1 kS

k
√
≤ sup( nk∆s(r) (xik − xk ), z1 , . . . , zn−2 k∞ kzn−1 kS ).
k

Thus we get kxi − x, u1 , . . . , un−1 kY → 0 as i → ∞ for every u1 , . . . , un−1 ∈

Y. Therefore (xi ) converges to x in Y in the n-norm.

Corollary 9. Let X be a standard n-normed space and derived (n − r)-

norms on X for all r = 1, 2, . . . , n − 1 are with respect to an orthonormal set.
Let Y be any one of the spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ). Then a
sequence in Y is convergent in the n-norm if and only if it is convergent in the
(n − 1)-norm and by induction in the (n − r)-norm for all r = 1, 2, . . . , n − 1.
In particular, a sequence in Y is convergent in the n-norm (2.1) if and only if
it is convergent in the norm (2.2) for r = n − 1.
10 H. Dutta, B.S. Reddy

Theorem 10. Let X be a standard n-normed space and derived (n − r)-

norms on X for all r = 1, 2, . . . , n − 1 are with respect to an orthonormal set.
Let Y be any one of the spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ), c(X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ). Then Y
is complete with respect to the n-norm if and only if it is complete with respect
to the (n − 1)-norm. By induction, Y is complete with respect to the n-norm
(2.1) if and only if it is complete with respect to the norm (2.2) for r = n − 1.

Proof. By replacing the phrases “(xi ) converges to x” with “(xi ) is Cauchy”

and “xi − x” with “xi − xj ” we see that the analogues of Theorem 7, Theorem
8 and Corollary 9 hold for Cauchy sequences. This completes the proof.

For the next theorem, we shall consider that X is a standard n-normed space
and derived (n − r)-norms on X for all r = 1, 2, . . . , n − 1 are with respect to
an orthonormal set. Also we assume Y to be any one of the spaces c0 (X, ∆s(r) ),
c(X, ∆s(r) ) and ℓ∞ (X, ∆s(r) ).
Theorem 11. (Fixed Point Theorem) Let Y be an n-Banach space under
the n-norm (2.1) and T be a contractive mapping of Y into itself, that is,
there exists a constant C ∈ (0, 1) such that kT y 1 − T z 1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY ≤ Cky 1 −
z 1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY , for all y 1 , z 1 , x2 , . . . , xn in Y. Then T has a unique fixed point
in Y .

Proof. If we can show that T is also contractive with respect to norm (2.2)
for r = n-1, then we are done by Theorem 10 and the fixed point theorem
for Banach spaces. Now by hypothesis kT y 1 − T z 1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY ≤ Cky 1 −
z 1 , x2 , . . . , xn kY , for all y 1 , z 1 , x2 , . . . , xn in Y . Using (2.1), we get

supk∆s(r) (T yk1 − T zk1 ), z1 , . . . , zn−1 kS ≤ C supk∆s(r) (yk1 − zk1 ), z1 , . . . , zn−1 kS .

k k

Then for an orthonormal set {e1 , e2 , . . . , en } in X, we get

supk∆s(r) (T yk1 − T zk1 ), ei1 , . . . , ein−1 kS ≤ C supk∆s(r) (yk1 − zk1 ), ei1 , . . . , ein−1 kS ,
k k

for all y 1 , z 1 in Y and {i1 , i2 , . . . , in−1 } ⊆ {1, 2, . . . , n − 1}. Thus we have

supk∆s(r) (T yk1 − T zk1 )k∞ ≤ C supk∆s(r) (yk1 − zk1 )k∞ , where derived norms are
k k
defined as in Remark 1. Hence kT y 1 − T z 1 kY ≤ Cky 1 − z 1 kY , for all y 1 , z 1 in
Y . This completes the proof.
ON NON-STANDARD n-NORM ON SOME SEQUENCE SPACES 11

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