‫ساعد‬

‫النو سكريت‬
1. What is Active Gutta-Percha (G.P)?AH
A. G.P with increased stiffness
B. G.P coated with zinc oxide
C. G.P coated by glass ionomer
D. G.P with antibacterial properties

2. Most commonly used file for recapitulation in crown-down technique?

A. File 15
B. File 20
C. File 25
D. File 10

3. What is the motion of the H-file during use?

A. Rotational motion
B. Push only
C. Pulling motion
D. All filling

4. All of the following may exist in under-filling EXCEPT:

A. Ledge formation
B. Lateral perforation
C. Apical perforation
D. Short working length

5. Cause of lateral perforation?

A. Excessive irrigation
B. Use of wide taper files
C. Over-instrumentation through thin wall
D. Incomplete obturation

6. Sealer with good adhesion, dimensional stability, and antibacterial effect?

A. Zinc oxide eugenol
B. AH-26
C. Bio-ceramic sealer
D. Calcium hydroxide

7. Basic principle before starting cleaning and shaping is:

A. Rubber dam isolation
B. Identification of pulp horns
C. Straight-line access to orifice and foramen
D. Periapical x-ray

8. What is Thermafil?
A. Cold lateral technique
B. Paste-based obturation
C. Solid core carrier with G.P coating
D. Injectable gutta-percha

9. Disinfection of gutta-percha cones is done by immersion in:

A. Alcohol
B. Sodium hypochlorite 5.25%
C. Hydrogen peroxide
D. EDTA

10. Main disadvantage of calcium hydroxide as a sealer?

A. High cytotoxicity
B. Short setting time
C. Voids in filling
D. Poor antimicrobial effect

11. iRoot sealer is classified under which category?

A. Resin-based
B. Zinc oxide eugenol
C. Glass ionomer
D. Calcium silicate-based

12. AH-26 sealer is:

A. Zinc oxide based
B. Glass ionomer based
C. Resin based
D. Calcium hydroxide based

13. Composition of bioactive ceramic?

A. Zinc oxide + resin
B. Gutta-percha + wax
C. Glass + calcium phosphate
D. Silicate + acrylic

14. Limitation of laser use in endodontics?

A. Weak sterilization
B. Expensive equipment only
C. Heat generation causing thermal damage to periradicular tissue
D. Need for magnification

15. Most frequent use of ultrasonic devices in endodontics?

A. Removing broken instruments
B. Irrigation activation
C. Access cavity preparation
D. Obturation

16. The only sealer used in single cone technique?

A. Zinc oxide
B. Calcium hydroxide
C. Bio-ceramic sealer
D. AH-26

17. Instrument preferred in calcified canals?

A. K-file
B. Reamer
C. C-file
D. Barbed broach

18. How to reduce dentinal plug formation during shaping?

A. Using rotary files only
B. Frequent irrigation
C. Apical foramen widening
D. Use of barbed broach

19. One of the iatrogenic causes of endodontic failure is:

A. External resorption
B. Dehydration
C. Pulp necrosis
D. Fractured crown

20. One of the idiopathic causes of pathology in endo is:

A. Lateral resorption
B. Apical periodontitis
C. Perforation
D. Root fracture

21. What is the etiology of ledging in canal transportation?

A. Using NiTi files in narrow canals
B. Forcing uncurved instruments apically in curved canals
C. Using irrigants under pressure
D. Excessive obturation forces

22. Contraindication of double flare technique?

A. Curved canal
B. Open apex
C. Wide canal
D. C-shaped canal

23. Using small segments of Gutta-Percha mounted on heated pluggers refers to which technique?
A. Lateral compaction
B. Vertical condensation
C. Warm carrier technique
D. Chicago technique

24. For necrotic pulp, single-visit endodontic treatment can be done when:
A. Patient is symptomatic
B. There is swelling
C. The tooth is asymptomatic
D. Sinus tract is present

25. Monoblock obturation system helps in:

A. Shorter working time
B. Easy retreatment
C. Strengthening root by 20%
D. Reducing cost

26. What is the main purpose of cleaning and shaping?

A. Remove only infected pulp
B. Shape canal for easy obturation
C. Disinfect the canal
D. Achieve best obturation
It diminishes the danger of creating dentinal plugs if:
A) Creating a glide path
B⁠) The use of rotary instruments.
C)The reamer is turned clock wise go.
D)Frequent irigation

2)Coronal apical approach has many advantages

A)Less debris extrusion.
B)More tapered preparation.
C)Rapid short duration preparation.
D)Mo eargement of the apical third

Back and forth oscillation of the endodontic file

A) Watch winding.
B) Filing motion
C) Reaming motion
D)Roan technique

H-files used in:

A)Severe curved canal preparation.
B)Pulling motion.
C) All filling motion.
D)quater turn motion

Which of the following are true functions of the Endotec device?

A. It is a variation of the Endotwinn device
B. It vibrates electronic heated tips
C. It combines lateral and vertical compaction techniques
D. It performs thermo-mechanical compaction of gutta percha

The question is: "...is a chronic trauma resulting in pulp inflammation".

The options are:
*Attrition
*Radicular fracture
*Coronal fracture
*Avulsion

Hedstrom files (H-files) are primarily indicated for which of the following situations?
A. Irrigation of straight canals
B. Obturation of wide canals
C. Severe curved canal preparation
D. Temporary canal sealing

Which endodontic technique is characterized by the back-and-forth oscillation of the file

inside the canal?

A. Watch-winding technique
B. Balanced force technique
C. Roan technique
D. Reaming technique
What is root canal obturation?
a-The process of removing the pulp from a tooth
b-The process of filling a root canal with a biocompatible material
c- The process of shaping the root canal
d-The process of cleaning the root canal

Which of the following materials is commonly used for root canal obturation?
a- Gutta-percha
b- Amalgam
c-Composite resin
d- Glass ionemer eement

What is the purpose of root canal obturation?

a-To prevent further infection of the tootly
b-To restore the tooth's function
c-To improve the tooth's appearance d- All of the above

Which of the following techniques is commonly used for root canal obturation?
Lateral condensation
Vertical condensation
Warm vertical condensation
All of the above

What is zinc oxide eugenol root canal sealer?

A type of dental cement used to fill root canals
A type of dental adhesive used to bond restorations to teeth
A type of dental impression material used to make molds of teeth
A type of dental composite used to restore decayed teeth

What are the advantages of using zine oxide eugenol root canal sealer?
It has antimicrobial properties
It has good sealing ability
It is easy to manipulate
All of the above

What are the disadvantages of using zine oxide eugenol root canal sealer?
a-It has a long setting time
b-It can cause irritation to the periapical tissues
c-Both answers are correct

What are the basic motions involved in root canal shaping ?

a-Reaming. Filing, and Combination of Reaming and Filing
b-Reaming, Filing, and Lateral Compaction
c-Lateral Compaction, Warm Vertical Condensation, and Obturation
d-Obturation, Lateral Compaction, and Warm Vertical Condensation

What is the main concept of Glide Path in rotary instrumentation ?

a-Securing an open pathway to the canal terminus
b-Forcing any instrument
c-Passing any file size
d-Coronal inspection of the canal orifice

What is the etiology of LEDGING in canal transportation ?

a-Forcing uncurved instruments apically short of working length in a curved canal
b-Packed dentinal chips
c-Tissue debris
d-Cotton pellets restorative materials

What is the most likely cause of Interal wall perforation in a curved canal ?
a-Overuse of damaged instruments
b-Inadequate access cavity preparation
c-Over instrumentation through a thin wall
d-Excessive pressure while inserting in canal

What is the recommended management for a separated instrument in the canal ?

a-Always inform the patient immediately
b-Use ultrasonics, adequate magnification, and illumination for instrument retrieval
c-Use of stainless steel patency files to determine canal curvature
d-Use of flexible NiTi files

What is the first sign of cervical canal perforation?

a-Sudden appearance of blood from the canal
b-Complain of pain from the patient
c-Using paper point
d-Placing an instrument into the opening and taking a radiograph

What is the primary objective in cleaning and shaping the root canal system ?
a-Remove infected soft and hard tissue .
b-Create space for the delivery of medicaments ,
c-Retain the integrity of radicular structures.
d- Create space for the obturating materials

A major disadvantage of the lateral compaction technique

a- less voids
b-length control
c- the ability to fill lateral canals
d-master cone can be adapted to fit the apical morphology
the Obtura 11 differ from UltraFIll in which of the following ways;
a-the Obtur canules can be heat sterilized
b-resilon cas be used with UltraFIL unit
c-the Obtura 11 heat the gutta percha to a higher temperature
d- the Obtura 11 require a more tapered preparation
Lentulo spirals are used for:
Locating the canal orifice.
Pulp extirpation.
Enlarging coronal third.
Application of root canal sealer.

Instrumentation short of the apical foramen can result in:

Forcing necrotic material into the periapical region.
Shelfing or ledging of the canal.
Traumatizing the periapical tissues.
Grossly enlarging the apical foramen.

The ideal instrument that is used to widen the canal is:

Broach.
File.
Fissur bar.
Reamer.

The initial pulpal response to any injury is:

Necrosis.
Ulceration.
Calcification.
Inflammation.

Step down technique is:

Preparation from coronal to apical third.
Preparation from apical to coronal third.
Preparation from coronal to middle third.
Just orifice opening.

The main disadvantage of zine oxide eugenol sealer:

Solubility,
Short working time.
Rigidity.
Very expensive.

Carrier- based obturation technique is good for:

a-Open apex canal.
b-Canals with internal resorption.
c-Narrowl curved canals.
d-Large wide canals

Single cone obturation technique accepted with..

a-Silicon based.
b-Bioceramic.
c-Calcium hydroxide.
d-Zinc oxide eugenol
The most important post obturation consideration:
a-Coronal seal.
b-anti-inflammatory drugs.
c-Analgesics.
d-Antibiotics.

the most common cause of pulp pathology is:

a-Microbes.
b-Trauma.
c-Leakage from filling material.
d-condensation of filling materials.
1. A rotary instrument:
A) Has a high modulus of elasticity
B) Shows transformation from austenitic to martensitic phase when stressed
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B
2. SealApex is a:
A) Zinc oxide-eugenol sealer
B) Calcium hydroxide-based sealer
C) Resin-based sealer
D) Glass ionomer sealer
3. Entombment of bacteria is primarily done by:
A) Gutta-percha
B) Sealer
C) Both gutta-percha and sealer
D) None of the above
4. The percentage of two canals in the lower first premolar is approximately:
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
5. The percentage of one canal in the lower first premolar is approximately:
A) 75%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 10%
6. A high-heat obturation system is:
A) Obtura II
B) Thermafil
C) System B
D) None of the above
7. Vertical and lateral compaction is done by:
A) Endotec
B) Obtura II
C) Thermafil
D) None of the above
8. Ultrasound root canal instrumentation:
A) Is used in dry canals
B) Reduces file separation
C) Is not efficient in dentin removal
D) All of the above
9. A patient with thermal stimuli on the upper left side and RCT in the upper first
molar likely has pain due to:
A) Over-instrumentation of the palatal root
B) Pain from another tooth
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
10. The Profile rotary system has:
A) A land area in the flutes
B) No land area
C) A variable pitch
D) None of the above
11. A K-file is more flexible than an H-file.
A) True
B) False
12. An H-file is manufactured by machining around a cross-sectional wire.
A) True
B) False
13. A first molar may have:
A) Three roots
B) Five canals
C) All of the above
D) None of the above
14. A disadvantage of ISO standardized instruments is:
A) A small number of small files
B) A small number of large files
C) All of the above
D) None of the above
 15. It is better to negotiate small curved canals with small-sized files that have:
A) Superior mechanical strength
B) Inherent weakness
C) A high helical angle
D) None of the above
16. Non-surgical RCT may be done in a tooth with normal periodontium and
normal pulp.
A) True
B) False
17. A root with a single tapering canal and a single apical foramen is considered a
concept rather than a rule.
A) True
B) False
18. The result of RCT in a tooth with a patent foramen is:
A) Postoperative pain
B) Allowing debris extrusion
C) None of the above
D) Both A and B
19. The result of passing a #10 file 1 mm beyond the apical foramen is:
A) Elimination of the apical constriction and over-obturation
B) Postoperative pain with masticatory forces
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

Answer: C) Both A and B

20. The highest success rate is seen in teeth with:
A) Long obturation
B) Short obturation (>2mm)
C) Obturation within 0–2 mm from the radiographic apex (flush)
D) None of the above
21. A higher success rate is seen in:
A) Short obturation
B) Long obturation
22. The concentration of EDTA is:
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 17%
D) 25%
23. The action of NaOCl includes all EXCEPT:
A) Chelation
B) Saponification
24. Activation of NaOCl by agitation:
A) Increases bacterial killing ability
B) Removes the smear layer
C) Increases tissue-dissolving ability
D) All of the above
25. NaOCl is used as a primary irrigation solution because it has better tissue-dissolving
capacity.
A) True
B) False
 26. Silver gutta-percha is gutta-percha impregnated with:
A) Glass ionomer
B) Silver particles
C) Resin
D) None of the above
27. The active portion of ISO standardized files is:
A) 31 mm
B) 21 mm
C) 25 mm
D) None of the above

(Standard is 16 mm)

28. Resilon points form a monoblock.

A) True
B) False

Answer: A) True

29. The chemical solution used in chemically modified lateral compaction is:
A) Chloroform
B) Eugenol
C) EDTA
D) NaOCl
30. The main disadvantage of vertical compaction is:
A) Root fracture
B) Overfilling
C) Underfilling
D) None of the above
31. A radicular lingual groove is considered a(n):
A) Bacterial cause of pulp inflammation
B) Idiopathic cause of pulp inflammation
32. Trauma to the pulp without exposure leads to:
A) Chronic closed pulpitis
B) Pulp necrosis

33. Reversible pulpitis is pulp hyperemia.

A) True
B) False
34. The radiographic appearance of vertical root fracture is:
A) J-shaped radiolucency
B) Radiolucency around the apex
C) Radiolucency around the bifurcation
D) All of the above
35. An absolute contraindication for RCT is:
A) Vertical root fracture
B) Periodontal involvement
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
36. A tooth with a medically compromised apparatus and severe mobility is an
absolute indication for extraction.
A) True
B) False
37. Enterococcus faecalis can survive in high pH due to:
A) Hydrogen pump
B) Biofilm formation
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

38. Cell-to-cell communication in bacteria is called:

A) Quorum sensing
B) Biofilm formation
C) Chemotaxis
D) None of the above
39. Defining the type of bacteria is called:
A) Specificity
B) Sensitivity C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
40. The type of test used in defining a tooth with disease is:
A) Sensitivity
B) Specificity
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
41. Tug-back occurs when gutta-percha reaches the apical constriction and shows
resistance on removal.
A) True
B) False
42. The working length ends at the apical constriction.
A) True
B) False
43. The type of PCR that measures bacteria quantitatively and qualitatively is:
A) Real-time PCR
B) Nested PCR
C) Reverse transcriptase PCR
D) None of the above
44. The widest portion of the tooth apically is the major apical foramen.
A) True
B) False
45. Vertucci classification Type IV refers to:**

A) One canal with one foramen

B) Two separate canals merging into one before exiting

C) Two separate canals with two separate foramina

D) One canal dividing into two and merging again

46. Vertucci classification of a root having two separate canals is:

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type V

47. Hany classification of 2,33, 1B1, 1L1 refers to a canine having:

A) One root
B) Two roots
C) Three roots
D) Fused roots
48. A patient with severe sharp pain when eating ice cream and thermal sensitivity
(no spontaneous pain) likely has:
A) Normal pulp
B) Reversible pulpitis
C) Irreversible pulpitis
D) Necrotic pulp
49. A patient with pain on cold and sweating is diagnosed with:
A) Reversible pulpitis
B) Irreversible pulpitis
C) Normal pulp
D) Periodontal abscess
50. Obturation of the canal is done when:
A) The canal is dry
B) Exudate ceases
C) Bleeding stops
D) All of the above
51. An oval root usually has:
A) One canal
B) Two canals
C) Three canals
D) No canal
52. The tooth most commonly having two canals is:
A) Lower central incisor
B) Lower lateral incisor
C) Upper central incisor
D) Upper lateral incisor
53. The average length of an upper lateral incisor is:
A) 18 mm
B) 22.5 mm
C) 24 mm
D) 20 mm
54. Partial or complete calcification of the pulp chamber is called:
A) Pulp stones
B) Calcific metamorphosis
C) Dentin dysplasia
D) Hypercementosis
55. The type of nerve fibers in the pulp are:
A) A-delta fibers
B) C fibers
C) Both A-delta and C fibers
D) Only B fibers
56. The upper first premolar usually has:
A) One root with one canal
B) Two roots with two canals
C) Three roots with three canals
D) One root with two canals
57. Spreader defects are found in which obturation technique?
A) Lateral compaction
B) Vertical compaction
C) Single cone technique
D) Thermoplasticized technique
58. The benefit of pre-enlarging radicular preparation includes all EXCEPT:
A) Reservoir for irrigation
B) Enhanced tactile sensation in the apical portion
C) Prevent entry of pulp tissue in the apical portion
D) Reducing working length
59. The percentage of gutta-percha in a gutta-percha cone is:
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%
60. A side perforation in RCT can be treated with:
A) Tooth extraction
B) Re-establishing a new working length
C) Vertical compaction technique
D) All of the above
61. An access opening error that can be corrected is:
A) Under-extended access
B) Over-extended access
C) Perforation
D) None of the above
62. The cementoenamel junction (CEJ) is the most reliable structure for locating
the pulp chamber and canal orifice.
A) True
B) False
63. The pulp floor is darker than the pulp wall.
A) True
B) False
 64. A lentulo spiral is used for:
A) Canal irrigation
B) Placing sealer in the canal
C) Removing gutta-percha
D) Creating a glide path
65. Torsional stresses in a file are created due to:
A) Tension and compression in curved canals
B) Excessive pressure
C) Over-rotation
D) All of the above

A well-fitted gutta-percha will prevent microbial leakage.

A) True

B) False

67. The best apex locator:

A) Measures impedance between the file and mucosa
B) Requires training for professional use
C) Is affected by canal contents
D) All of the above
68. The form given to the access to enhance instrumentation and visibility is called:
A) Convenience form
B) Retention form
C) Resistance form
D) Outline form
 69. Accessory and lateral canals are communications between the main canal and
the periodontium.
A) True
B) False
1. Lentulo spirals are used for:**
A) Locating the canal orifice.
B) Enlarging coronal third.
C) Application of root canal sealer.
D) Removing gutta-percha.
2. Instrumentation short of the apical foramen can result in:
A) Forcing necrotic material into the periapical region.
B) Shelfing or ledging of the canal.
C) Traumatizing the periapical tissues.
D) Grossly enlarging the apical foramen.
3. The ideal instrument that is used to widen the canal is:
A) Broach. B) File.
C) Fissure bur.
D) Reamer.

4. The initial pulpal response to any injury is:

A) Necrosis.
B) Ulceration.
C) Calcification.
D) Inflammation.
 5. Step-down technique is:
A) Preparation from coronal to apical third.
B) Preparation from apical to coronal third.
C) Preparation from coronal to middle third.
D) Just orifice opening.
6. The main disadvantage of zinc oxide eugenol sealer:
A) Solubility.
B) Short working time.
C) Rigidity.
D) Very expensive.
7. Carrier-based obturation technique is good for:
A) Open apex canal.
B) Canals with internal resorption.
C) Narrow/curved canals.
D) All of the above.

1. What is Active G.P?*

A) G.P coated by resin

B) G.P coated by glass ionomer

C) G.P coated by calcium hydroxide

D) G.P coated by zinc oxide

2. Most common recapitulation file in crown down technique?
A) File 10
B) File 15
C) File 20
D) No recapitulation file is used
3. Motion of H-file?
A) Pushing motion
B) Pulling motion
C) Rotary motion
D) All filling motions
4. All may exist in underfilling EXCEPT:
A) Ledge formation
B) Lateral perforation
C) Apical perforation
D) Short length
5. Cause of lateral perforation?
A) Over instrumentation through thin wall
B) Insufficient irrigation
C) Using too small files
D) Excessive recapitulation
6. Sealer with good adhesion, dimensional stability, antibacterial effect?
A) Zinc oxide eugenol
B) Resin based
C) Bio ceramic sealer
D) Calcium hydroxide
The basic principle before cleaning & shaping?
A) Complete caries removal
B) Straight access to orifice & foramen
C) Rubber dam isolation
D) Coronal flare

8. What's Thermafil?
A) Cold lateral compaction
B) Solid core
C) Single cone
D) Chemical dissolution

9. Disinfection of GP by immersion in...?

A) EDTA 17%
B) Sodium hypochlorite 5.25%
C) Chlorhexidine 2%
D) Saline
10. Main disadvantage of calcium hydroxide?
A) Discoloration
B) Voids
C) Short working time
D) High cost
11. Which category of iRoot?
A) Zinc oxide B) Calcium silicate C) Glass ionomer
D) Resin
12. AH-26 sealer is...
A) Zinc oxide based
B) Resin based
C) Calcium hydroxide based
D) Glass ionomer based
13. Composition of bioactive ceramic?
A) Glass & calcium phosphate
B) Zinc oxide & eugenol
C) Resin & fillers
D) Calcium hydroxide & barium sulfate
14. Limitations of laser?
A) Heat generation causing thermal damage
B) Inability to remove smear layer
C) Requires special training
D) All of the above
15. Most frequent use of ultrasonic in endo treatment?
A) Access refinement
B) Activation of irrigation
C) Removing broken instruments
D) Condensing gutta-percha
16. The only sealer used in single cone technique?
A) Zinc oxide eugenol
B) Bio ceramic sealer
C) Resin sealer
D) Calcium hydroxide
17. For calcified canal...
A) K-file B) H-file C) C-file
D) Rotary file
18. To diminish dentinal plug...
A) Frequent irrigation
B) Larger files
C) Faster instrumentation
D) Less recapitulation
19. One of iatrogenic causes...
A) Dehydration
B) Trauma
C) Caries
D) Aging
20. One of idiopathic causes...
A) Lateral resorption
B) Caries
C) Fracture
D) Trauma
21. Etiology of LEDGING in canal transportation?
A) Insufficient irrigation
B) Forcing uncurved instruments apically
C) Over-enlargement
D) Using rotary files
22. Contraindication of double flare technique?
A) Curved canals
B) Open apex
C) Narrow canals
D) Calcified canals
23. Using small pieces of GP sections mounted to heated pluggers?
A) Warm vertical
B) Chicago technique
C) Continuous wave
D) Lateral compaction
24. For necrotic pulp, to make endo treatment in single visit requires..?
A) Asymptomatic tooth
B) No swelling
C) No sinus tract
D) All of the above
25. Monoblock...
A) Strengthening root 20%
B) Creates perfect seal
C) Eliminates microleakage
D) All of the above