Math NYC- Sample test 3 (A) Student number and Name:

 
−6
−→
1. If B = (5, −4, 7) and AB =  2 , what is A? A = (11, −6, 5)
2
2. Find the length of the following vectors:
 
1 √
(a)  4 3 2
−1
 
cos(s) sin(t)
(b) cos(s) cos(t) 1
sin(s)
√
(c) 4i − j − 3k 26
√
(d) 1 − 2t2 i + tj + tk 1
   
1 k
3. Let u = 2 and v = k + 1. Use calculus to find the value of k for which the distance between u
4 k+2
and v is a minimum and find the minimum distance.

Solution:
√ √
∥ u − v ∥=∥ ⟨1 − k, 1 − k, 2 − k⟩ ∥= (1 − k)2 + (1 − k)2 + (2 − k)2 = 3k 2 − 8k + 6

When k = 43 , 3k 2 − 8k + 6 has minimum value 2

3

4. Suppose A is an n × n matrix such that AT A = I. Let v be any vector in Rn . Show ∥ Av ∥=∥ v ∥.

√ √
Solution: ∥ Av ∥= Av · Av and ∥ v ∥= v · v. Hence it is enough to prove Av · Av = v · v We
have
AT A=I
Av · Av = (Av)T Av = vT AT Av ====== vT v = v · v

5. Find a unit vector of each of the following vectors:

(a) 3i − 5j + 2k √3 i
38
− √5 j
38
+ √2 k
38
   
1 1/2
 1   1/2 
(b)   
−1 −1/2


−1 −1/2
[ ] [ ]
cos t + sin t √1 cos t + sin t
(c)
cos t − sin t 2 cos t − sin t
Math NYC- Sample test 3 (A) Student number and Name:

6. For the following pairs of vectors u and v, calculate u · v and the angle θ between u and v
   
2 4
1 3
(a) u =    
2, v = 2 u · v = 16, θ = arccos 10 3
16
√

1 1
(b) u = ⟨a, b⟩, v = ⟨b, a⟩ u · v = 2ab, θ = arccos a22ab
+b2

(c) u = i − j + k, v = 2i + j + 2k u · v = 3, θ = arccos √13

7. Given the point A(1, 1), B(3, −1) and C(4, k), find the values of k for which the triangle ABC is a
right triangle. k = 0, 4
   
1 2
8. Let u = 2 and v = 1 + k . For what value(s) of k
3 1−k
(a) do u and v have the same length? k = ±2
(b) are u and v orthogonal? k = 7
(c) are u and v parallel? None
√
−1± 7
(d) is the distance between u and v 3? 2

9. Find the direction angles in each case.

 
1 ( )

(a) v = 2  arccos 13 , arccos 32 , arccos − 23
−2
 
−3 ( )
(b) v = 0  arccos − 35 , π2 , arccos 45

4
10. Use the dot product to prove that
( )
∥ x + y ∥2 + ∥ x − y ∥2 = 2 ∥ x ∥2 + ∥ y ∥2

Solution:
∥ x + y ∥2 + ∥ x − y ∥2 = (x + y) · (x + y) + (x − y) · (x − y)
= (x · x + x · y + y · x + y · y) + (x · x − x · y − y · x + y · y)
= 2x · x + 2y · y
( )
= 2 ∥ x ∥2 + ∥ y ∥2

11. Find a parametric vector equation of the line containing points P = (1, 2, 3) and Q = (4, 1, 1)
   
1 3
  
x = 2 + t −1 (the answer is not unique)
3 −2
Math NYC- Sample test 3 (A) Student number and Name:

12. Find a standard equation of the plane containing x0 with normal n.

   
1 3
(a) n =  2 , x0 = 0 x + 2y − z = 1
 
−1 2
   
3 1
(b) n = 3 , x0 = 2 x + y = 3
0 5
(c) n = i + j + 3k, x0 = 2i + 5j − 3k x + y + 3z = −2

13. Find a parametric-vector equation of each of the following planes.

     
3 1 2
(a) x1 + x2 − 2x3 = 3 x = 0 + s −1 + t 0 (the answer is not unique)
0 0 1
     
0 1 0
(b) 3x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 5 x = 0 + s  0  + t  1  (the answer is not unique)
5 −3 −2

14. The plane x + 3y − z = 0 is in fact a subspace of R3 if we consider it as a linear system. Find

a basis for this subspace and find an equation for the line through the origin normal to this plane.
     
−3 1 1
basis  1  , 0 , line x = t  3 
0 1 −1
 
3
15. Find a normal equation for the plane containing 3 and parallel to the plane x − 2y + 4z = 0.

2
x − 2y + 4z = 5

16. Find an parametric vector equation for the line which contains the point (5, 0, −1) and is also perpen-
   
5 1
 
dicular to the plane x + y − 4z = 3 x = 0 + t 1  
−1 −4
   
2 k
17. Let P be the plane x + 3y + 2z = 9 and let L be the line x = 1 + t k + 2. For what value(s) of k
0 2
(a) are P and L orthogonal? k = 1
(b) are P and L parallel? k = − 52

(c) do P and L intersect at the point (8, 3, −4) k = −3

18. Find Proj v u and Perp v u for

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
1 2 −4 5
(a) u = , v= ,
−12 5 −10 −2
Math NYC- Sample test 3 (A) Student number and Name:

     9   23 
1 1 − 14 14
 
(b) u = 1 , v = 2    − 97  ,  16 
7
4 −3 27
14
29
14
   
0 3
(c) u = 3i + 2j − k, v = j − 5k  7   45 
, 26
26
− 3526
9
26
   
0 1

(d) u = i + j, v = j + k 2 ,1  1 
2
1
2
− 12

19. Find the distance from the point x0 to the given line and the point on the line that is closest to the
point x0 .
[ ] [ ] √
3 1 5 2 ( )
(a) x0 = , x=t , the point is 12 , 12
−2 1 2
[ ] [ ] [ ] √
2 1 3 8 13
( 10 41 )
(b) x0 = , x= +t , the point is ,
5 3 −2 13 13 13
     
1 2 1 √ √ ( 5 15 )
(c) x0 = 0 , x = 1 + t  3  2√112 = 2 1122 , the point is 11 , 11 , − 11
5

2 1 −1
20. Find the distance from the point x0 to the given plane
 
2

(a) x0 = 1 , 3x − y − z = 4 √111
0
 
1
(b) x0 =  3  , x + y + 2z = 9 √136
−4
21. Find the point on the given line or the given plane that is closest to x0
[ ] [ ] [ ]
1 1 1 ( 1 3)
(a) x0 = , x= +t −2, 2
3 0 −1
     
0 1 0 ( )
    
(b) x0 = 0 , x = 2 + t 3 1, − 10 1 3
, 10
0 1 1
     
3 0 3 ( )
   
(c) x0 = 1 , x = 1 + t 1 15  , 16 38
11 11 11
,
−1 3 1
 
2 (4 5 )
(d) x0 =  1  , 3x + y − z = 2 11 , 11 , − 115

−1
 
1
(e) x0 = 1 , x + y − z = 4 (2, 2, 0)
1
Math NYC- Sample test 3 (A) Student number and Name:

22. Perform the following tasks.

   
2 3
(a) u = 4 and v = 1. Evaluate u×v, (u+v)×(u−v) and u·(u×v) ⟨5 − 5 − 10⟩, ⟨−10, 10, 20⟩, 0
  
−1 1
(b) Let u = i + 2j − 2k and v = 2i − 2j + k. Evaluate u × v, i × u, and (u + v) × (u − v).
−2i − 5j − 6k, 2j + 2k, 4i + 10j + 12k
23. Find the area of the parallelogram with sides
√
(a) u = 2i + j − 3k and v = i − 4j + 2k 230
   
1 2 √
(b) u = 2 , v = −1 195
3 5
[ ] [ ]
3 −1
(c) u = and v = 17
5 4

24. Use the cross product to find a normal vector to the following planes: (answers are not unique)
      
 1 2  5
(a) Span  3  , 2 −3
 
−1 1 −4
       
1 2 3 5
(b) x = 2 + s 3 + t 1 −1
3 1 2 −7
 
−4
(c) The plane through the origin containing u = i + 2j and v = i − 2k.  2
−2
(d) The plane containing the line through points u and v, and the line through points u and w where
       
1 2 3 0
u = 1 , v = −1 , w = 1 −4
0 2 0 4

25. Find the volume of the parallelepiped with sides u, v and w.

(a) u = 3i + 2j, v = i − j + 3k, w = 4k. 20
(b) u = −i + 2j + 2k, v = 3i + j + 2k, w = i + 4j − k. 41
     
3 4 2
(c) u = 5 , v = 3 , w = −2 17
7 3 −3
26. Given the points A(1, 3, 3), B(0, 2, −1), and C(3, 2, 2), find
√
3 11
(a) The area of triangle ∆ABC. 2

(b) A point-norm and a standard equation of the plane containing A, B and C.

⟨x − 1, y − 3, z − 3⟩ · ⟨1, 3, −1⟩; x + 3y − z = 7
Math NYC- Sample test 3 (A) Student number and Name:

       
x 1 1 2
(c) A parametric vector equation of the plane containing A, B an C. y = 3 + s 1 + t −1
      
z 3 4 −1
   
1 1

(d) An equation of the line through A and B. x = 3 + s 1
 
3 4
   
1 1
27. Let L1 be the line x = s 2 and L2 be the line x = t 0 . Let P be the plane containing L1 and
  
  1 −1
2
L2 . Let v = −1 considered as a point.
3
√
5 2
(a) Find the distance from v to L1 . 2
√
3 6
(b) Find the distance from v to L2 . 2
√
(c) Find the distance from v to P . 2 3
       
1 1 2 1
28. Find the distance between the skew lines x = 1 + s 3 and x = 1 + t 0
       √6
91
0 2 1 3
   
4 2
  
29. The line x = 0 + t 3 lies in which of the following planes?
−1 1
(a) 2x + 3y + z = 7
(b) x + y − 5z = 9
(c) 2x − y − z = 9

(b), (c)