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Classnotes Student 18583772068 Week8airandflame

Air is a vital mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen, essential for life and combustion, with various properties and uses including respiration and industrial applications. A flame, the visible part of a fire, results from combustion and can be classified into complete and incomplete combustion, each producing different byproducts and flame characteristics. The document also describes different types of flames, such as hydrogen, Bunsen burner, and candle flames, highlighting their unique features and combustion zones.

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8 views3 pages

Classnotes Student 18583772068 Week8airandflame

Air is a vital mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen, essential for life and combustion, with various properties and uses including respiration and industrial applications. A flame, the visible part of a fire, results from combustion and can be classified into complete and incomplete combustion, each producing different byproducts and flame characteristics. The document also describes different types of flames, such as hydrogen, Bunsen burner, and candle flames, highlighting their unique features and combustion zones.

Uploaded by

wylgloenterprise1
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WEEK 8

AIR AND FLAME

AIR

Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth and is essential for life and combustion.

Composition of Air (by volume):

Nitrogen (N₂) 78%

Oxygen (O₂) 21%

Noble gases 1%

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 0.03%

Water vapor Variable

Impurities Variable

Properties of Air:

Colorless, odorless, and tasteless.

Supports combustion (due to oxygen).

Exerts pressure.

Can be compressed and expanded.

Has mass and volume.

USES

Breathing (respiration).

Combustion (burning fuels).

Photosynthesis (plants use CO₂).

Industrial uses (oxygen for welding, nitrogen for preservation).

Aviation (air pressure and lift).


FLAME

A flame is the visible, gaseous part of a fire. It is produced during combustion (burning) of a substance in
air.

Types of Combustion:

1. Complete Combustion

Occurs in excess oxygen.

Produces carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).

Clean, blue flame.

More energy produced.

Example: CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

2. Incomplete Combustion

Occurs in limited oxygen.

Produces carbon monoxide (CO) or soot (C).

Yellow, smoky flame.

Less energy and harmful gases.

Example: 2CH₄ + 3O₂ → 2CO + 4H₂O

Zones of a Flame (e.g., Bunsen burner flame):

1. Inner zone (Dark zone):

Least hot.

Contains unburnt gas.

2. Middle zone (Luminous zone):

Partially burnt fuel.


Yellow and bright.

Less hot, sooty.

3. Outer zone (Non-luminous zone):

Complete combustion.

Blue and hottest zone.

Characteristics of Flames:

Color depends on the fuel and amount of oxygen.

Blue flame = hot, complete combustion.

Yellow flame = cooler, incomplete combustion.

TYPES OF FLAME

1. Hydrogen Flame

Invisible flame in dust free air

Burns with a pale blue non luminous flame

2. Bunsen Burner Flame:

Used in laboratories.

Has a collar to adjust air intake.

Air hole closed: Luminous (yellow) flame – cooler.

Air hole open: Non-luminous (blue) flame – hotter.

3. Candle flame

Burns with luminous flame

Has four zones: Zone of unburnt gas around the wick, bright yellow luminous zone, non luminous zone
on the outside and blue zone at the base of the flame

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