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Latin 1st Edition Mike Seigel Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Mike Seigel
ISBN(s): 9781843312987, 1843312980
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 9.06 MB
Year: 2009
Language: english
 LATIN
A Clear Guide to Syntax

Mike Seigel

ANTHEM PRESS
LONDON * NEW YORK • DELHI
 Anthem Press
An imprint of Wimbledon Publishing Company
www.anthempress.com

This edition first published in UK and USA 2009

by ANTHEM PRESS
75-76 Blackfriars Road, London SEI 8HA, UK
or PO Box 9779, London SW19 7ZG, UK
and
244 Madison Ave. #116, New York, NY 10016, USA

Copyright © Mike Seigel 2009

The moral right of the author has been asserted.

All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved
above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced
into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise),
without the prior written permission of both the copyright
owner and the above publisher of this book.

Images reproduced courtesy of: Leo Curran, the AncientWorlds website,

Ronald Embleton, Mark Hegarty, David Camden, F. Trefeau, the Mary Evans
Picture Library, Barnaby's Picture Gallery, Paula Chabot, Leslie Noles,
John Traupman and Barbara McManus.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Seigel, Mike.
Latin : a clear guide to syntax/Mike Seigel.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-1-84331-298-7 (pbk.)
1. Latin language—Word order. 2. Latin language—Clauses.
3. Latin language—Syntax. I. Title.

PA2293.S45 2008
475—dc22
2007048802

ISBN-10: 1 84331 298 0 (Pbk)

ISBN-13: 978 1 84331 298 7 (Pbk)

1 3579 10 8642

Printed in India
 FOR

Wendy, Emma and Alexander

And for my numerous pupils, past, present and future

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

MIKE SEIGEL

Mike Seigel has had a distinguished academic and teaching career. After being
educated at St Paul’s School, he won an Exhibition to New College, Oxford, to
read Classics. After rejoining St Paul’s School in 1973 as a teacher, Mike became
Head of Classics at Colet Court (St Paul’s Prep School) in 1976 until 1987, dur­
ing which period more than 80 of his pupils succeeded in getting scholarships to
the most prestigious independent schools in the UK, including Eton, St Paul’s,
Winchester and Westminster. He then concentrated his teaching to the GCSE and
A Level classes and was also a Careers and University Adviser at the school with
special responsibility for those going abroad for their higher education (mainly to
US universities), before becoming Headmaster of Rokeby, Kingston upon
Thames, in August 1999. He served as Head for eight years, during which time he
oversaw many developments of the school and became actively involved with the
Independent Association of Preparatory Schools, serving on several educational
committees. He has now returned to the classroom for the next stage of his career
and is teaching Latin and Greek at all levels at Tiffin Boys’ School, Kingston.

Mike Seigel is married with two ‘young adult’ children.

CONTENTS

Foreword ix

Introduction xi

1 Revision of Case Usage 1

2 Time, Manner, Place 7

3 The Infinitive 15

4 Participles 19

5 Relative Clauses 25

6 Indirect Statement 29

7 Purpose Clauses 35

8 Result Clauses 39

9 Direct Commands 43

10 Indirect Commands 47

11 Direct Questions 53

12 Indirect Questions 57

13 Uses of cum 61

14 Simple Causal and Concessive Clauses 65

vii
 CONTENTS

15 Temporal Clauses 69

16 Simple Conditional Clauses 73

17 Verbs of Fearing 77

18 Passages for Translation 81

19 Further Passages for Translation 87

20 Independent Uses of the Subjunctive 95

21 Relative Clauses with the Subjunctive 101

22 Further Conditional Clauses 105

23 Further Indirect Questions 109

24 Gerunds and Gerundives 113

25 Gerunds and Gerundives of Obligation 119

26 Impersonal Verbs 123

27 The Predicative Dative 127

28 Haider Passages for Translation 131

29 Verse Passages for Translation 137

30 Passages for Prose Composition 145

General Vocabulary 151

viii
FOREWORD

The study of Latin provides a firm foundation for the learning of other languages
both ancient and modem, as well as promoting greater clarity of expression in the
pupil’s own language. I am convinced that such a foundation is as important today
as it has ever been and I commend this new book warmly both to teachers and to
pupils. Mr Seigel’s aim is to expound and illustrate all the basic Latin construc­
tions. His explanations are clear and concise, and make the book a valuable vade
mecum, as well as an excellent source of material, for those pupils who already
have some two years of Latin behind them and who want to secure their grasp of
syntax, extend their vocabulary and improve their translation skills.

R.S. Baldock
The High Master
St Paul’s School, London, 1995
INTRODUCTION

Some may feel that there is a plethora of Latin books and courses in the market,
especially in the 21st century. The intention of this book when first published more
than a decade ago was not to replace any of these but rather to act as a supplement
to the existing courses. Its prime purpose remains to increase the understanding of
Latin syntax and to provide further practice in translation for children during
their study of the language when preparing for the challenges of various public
examinations.

It is hoped that the book will continue not only to be used in schools but also to
be helpful for the enterprising pupil working on his or her own, or perhaps with
their parents or a private tutor. No book can be totally self-reliant, and its success
inevitably depends on the skill of the teacher (or pupil) using it. However, this
book aims to provide as much assistance and explanation in as clear and concise
a fashion as possible.

The book progresses from the simple revision of the basics to gradually more
difficult material. Throughout the book there are lists of ten words to be leamt
from each chapter to reinforce knowledge of these particular words. It has always
been my experience as a teacher that children learn best from the reinforcement of
vocabulary they have just met in context.

Learning should of course be both stimulating and enjoyable, and it is very much
hoped that this book will continue to make it so!

M.K.S.
July 2008

xi
 1 REVISION OF CASE
1 USAGE

The Arch of Septimius Severus, which stands in the Forum in Rome

It is assumed that a certain amount of Latin has already been covered at this stage,
but before discussing the more advanced constructions it will be useful to revise
the simple uses of the various cases. Further uses involved in expressions of Time,
Manner and Place will be covered in the next chapter.

NOMINATIVE is used to describe the subject of a sentence:

PUERI ADSUNT.
The boys are present.

VOCATIVE is used to address people and is sometimes preceded by the word ‘o’:
(O) PUERI, UBI ESTIS?
Boys, where are you?

ACCUSATIVE is used
a) as the object of the sentence:
PUEROS VIDEMUS.
Wfe see the boys.

1
 LATIN: A CLEAR GUIDE TO SYNTAX

b) after certain prepositions:

AD PUEROS AMBULAMUS.
We walk towards the boys.

GENITIVE is used to denote possession:

PUERORUM LIBROS HABEO.
I have the boys’ books.

DATIVE is used
a) as the indirect object, often after verbs of giving, showing etc.:
PUERIS LIBROS DO.
I give the books to the boys.
or I give the boys the books.

b) to denote advantage (or disadvantage!):

HIC LIBER PUERIS ERIT UTILIS.
This book will be useful for the boys.

ABLATIVE is used
a) for the instrument with which something is done:
PUER MANU SINISTRA SCRIBIT.
The boy is writing with his left hand.

PUER SAGITTA VULNERATUS EST.

The boy was wounded by an arrow.
and
b) after certain prepositions:
CUM PUERIS AMBULAMUS.
We are walking with the boys.

A PUERIS PETEBAMUR.
We were being chased by the boys.

Exercise 1.1

In the following sentences write out each noun and say what case it is in, and then
translate each sentence into English.

1 agricola cibum animalibus dabat.

2 pueri carmina poetarum legebant.
3 ad oppidum hostium contendemus.
4 dux barbarorum bellum cum Romanis gessit.
5 milites, parate insidias hostibus.

2
 1 REVISION OF CASE USAGE

6 equus ducis hasta militis necatus est.

7 exercitus consulum ab hostibus victus est.
8 vis tempestatis naves Romanorum delevit.
9 incola viam militibus monstravit.
10 o filia, cur domum relinquere vis?

Exercise 1.2

THE SAXONS ARRIVE IN BRITAIN

Britanni per totam insulam miserrimi erant, nam barbari saevi domos eorum
oppugnabant, incolae igitur epistolam ad consulem Romanum scripserunt et
legatos cum hac epistola miserunt.
“duas mortes exspectamus,” scripserant, “barbari enim nos ad mare pellunt, et
mare ad barbaros nos repellit, nisi civibus nostris auxilium dederitis, a barbaris 5
vincemur et patria nostra delebitur. Romani, audite Britannorum clamores et
mittite milites summa celeritate ad insulam nostram!”
Romani tamen cum aliis hostibus prope urbem suam pugnabant, neque
Britannos iuvare poterant. Britanni domos reliquerunt et in silvis montibusque se
celaverunt, multi ab hostibus capti sunt et gladiis occisi sunt, imperium 10
Romanorum incolis insulae melius fuerat, nam hi barbari multo crudeliores quam
Romani erant.

1 Translate the first seven lines down to nostram. (30 marks)

2 From the second paragraph write down:
a) a noun in the nominative case
b) a noun in the vocative case
c) a noun in the accusative case which is the object of its sentence
d) a preposition followed by the accusative case
e) a noun in the genitive case
f) a noun in the dative case
g) a noun in the ablative case without a preposition
h) a preposition followed by the ablative case (8 marks)
3 Answer the following questions on the third paragraph:
a) Why could the Romans not help the Britons? (3 marks)
b) Where did the Britons hide? (2 marks)
c) What happened to many of the Britons? (3 marks)
d) Why had Roman rule been better? (3 marks)
e) What are the cases of hostibus (1.8), urbem (1.8), imperium
(1.10), incolis (1.11), insulae (1.11), Romani (1.12)? (6 marks)

3
 LATIN: A CLEAR GUIDE TO SYNTAX

Exercise 1.3

Translate into Latin.

1 The barbarians sent a large army to the island.

2 The consul gave a letter to the ambassadors.
3 We were being driven out of the city by the enemy.
4 The cruel soldier killed the citizens with his sword.
5 We heard the shouts of the soldiers in the woods.

It should be noted that certain verbs require a case other than the accusative for
their object, and the following verbs should therefore be learnt together with the
case they take:

+ DATIVE + ABLATIVE
credo I believe, trust fruor I enjoy
impero I order, command utor I use
noceo I harm
parco I spare
pareo I obey
persuadeo I persuade
placeo I please
resisto I resist

Exercise 1.4

Translate into English.

1 pueri boni magistris parent.

2 cras libris novis utemur.
3 ille leo captivo non nocebit.
4 haec cena mihi valde placuit, et vino maxime fructus sum.
5 Romani exercitibus barbarorum diu resistebant, sed frustra.

Exercise 1.5

Translate into Latin.

1 The boys enjoy the new book.

2 The good schoolmaster will not harm the boys.
3 The consul trusts the ambassador’s letter.

4
 1 REVISION OF CASE USAGE

4 The large army pleased the consuls.

5 The barbarians did not spare the inhabitants of the island.

In all remaining chapters there will be exercises ofLatin sentences to be translated

into English, and English sentences to be translated into Latin; these will very often
follow a passage of Latin and the vocabulary of these sentences will be based on
that passage. As the book advances, these sentences may be given in the form of a
continuous passage, but may still be translated as separate sentences ifpreferred.
Specific instructions will be given only where appropriate and for the various
language manipulation exercises.

Vocabulary

auxilium, -i (n) help

epistola -ae (f) letter
celo (1) I hide
mitto, -ere, misi, missum (3) I send
nisi unless, if...not
pello, -ere, pepuli, pulsum (3) I drive
relinquo, -ere, reliqui, relictum (3) I leave (behind)
saevus, -a, -um fierce, savage
scribo, -ere, scripsi, scriptum (3) I write
totus, -a, -um whole

5
 TIME, MANNER,
2 PLACE

In the previous chapter we looked at the most common case usages; we shall now
look at some further uses.

Time

The ACCUSATIVE is used to express TIME HOW LONG

REX MULTOS ANNOS REGEBAT.
The king ruled for many years.

TRES DIES IN INSULA MANEBAMUS.

We stayed on the island for three days.

Some times per is used together with the ACCUSATIVE

PER DECEM ANNOS TROIA OBSESSA EST.
For ten years Troy was under siege.

The ABLATIVE is used to express

a) TIME WHEN
SEXTO DIE SENEX MORTUUS EST.
On the sixth day the old man died.

TERTIA HORA DOMUM RELIQUIMUS.

At the third hour (i.e. about 9 a.m.)* we left the house.

b) TIME WITHIN WHICH

SEX DIEBUS AD URBEM REDIBIMUS.
Within six days/In six days’ time we shall return to the city.

DUOBUS DIEBUS URBEM RELIQUI.

Within two days I left the city.

7
 LATIN: A CLEAR GUIDE TO SYNTAX

* You must remember that the Romans lived long before the era of the digital
watch or the mobile phone and were delightfully vague about time. (They had no
trains to catch!!) Hours were counted not as in our manner, starting at midnight
and again at noon, but by sunlight, and this is still done in some parts of Africa
today. So when translating into English you must remember that PRIMA HORA
means the first hour of daylight i.e. about 7 a.m. and not one o’clock.

Another useful point to remember is that CARDINAL numbers (one, two, three etc.)
are used in expressions of time how long and time within which, whereas ORDINAL
numbers (first, second, third etc.) are used to express time when. Remember too that
ALL ORDINALS decline but of the CARDINALS only unus, duo and tres.

Exercise 2.1

1 bellum tres annos gerebatur.

2 quarto anno legati pacem petiverunt.
3 hunc librum duabus horis legi.
4 prima luce ab urbe proficiscemur.
5 sexta hora ad oram perveniemus.
6 secundo die consul ad castra rediit.
7 per multas horas equites hostium castra nostra oppugnabant.
8 illo die plurimi milites occisi sunt.
9 mater fabulas pueris duas horas narrabat.
10 Ulixes decem annos ad insulam suam redire conabatur.

Manner

In the last chapter we looked at the use of the ABLATIVE case to express how
something is done. This is often called the ABLATIVE OF MANNER or the
ABLATIVE OF INSTRUMENT. It is used with inanimate objects and can be used
with either active or passive verbs.

e.g. MAGNA VOCE CLAMAVERUNT.

They shouted loudly, (lit. with a loud voice)

HASTIS OPPUGNATI SUMUS.

We were attacked with spears.

Exercise 2.2

1 feminae consulem clamoribus petiverunt.

2 equites summa celeritate progressi sunt.

8
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Again Sulungai.
Alive Daorem.
All Awning.
Alone Go.
Also Er, Reb.
Always Urun̄ ḡin-e-ran.
Angle Tabethung.
Angry, to become Dur.
Ankle Artsip-u-ei.
Another Be.
Ant (black) Apergok.
Ant (red) Kith.
Areca nut Wu.
Arm Pei, Paei.
Arrangement Ulu ulek.
As Tarebarragon.
Ashes Auat.
Ask, to Ning.
Axe Tou.
Axilla Talilifui, Talibei.

B
Bachelor Mutrubil.
Bachelor-house Pabai, Failu.
Back, the Keiru.
Back-bone Niu-u-keiru.
Bad Kareb.
Badly Bikireb.
Bad man Balbalean.
Balance, to Thik, Ethik.
Balance, to (with the hand) Urukruk.
Bamboo Mor, Puu.
Banana Pau.
Banana fibre mat Umbul.
Basket (semi-circular, for Wai.
carrying betel nut, etc.)
Bat Magilao.
Bathe, to Maluk.
Battle Tsam, Mal.
Be, to Kabai, Per.
Bear, to (give birth) Gergil.
Beard Rob.
Beater for tattoo needle Daiow.
Beautiful Pidorang.
Because Ya.
Become tired, to Magar.
Before (time) Kakarom.
Before (a little while) Kafarom bots.
Begin, to Tungui.
Begone! Kesi!
Belch Lokar.
Below Ubut.
Belly Nei.
Belt used by women when Tugupiai.
dancing
Betel nut Wu.
Big Baga.
Bigamist Tuguru.
Bird Artsé.
Bite, to Kad.
Bitter Mugunin.
Black Run̄ ḡidu.
Blind Malamit.
Blood Artsa.
Bloom, to Kaf.
Blow, to Thoi.
Blue Rungidu; Kalungalung (a word used by
women).
Boat Barko (Spanish), Mu.
Body Daon̄ ḡin.
Boil, to Ligil.
Bone Il.
Book (writing, paper) Babir.
Bore, to Koruf.
Bowels Giligan.
Box Debdeb.
Branch Pan̄ ḡin.
Break, to Pirdi, ming, pilk.
Breast Tẖuṯẖ, aṯẖuṯẖ.
Bring, to Fek.
Brother Olak, Foger.
Brother-in-law Uetsuma.
Burn, to Ek, Methir.
Bury, to Kenikaiak.
Burying-ground Taliu.
Bush Gerger.
Butterfly Burok, Tololobei.
Button Artsip-ne-mad.

C
Calf of leg Tungun-e-ei.
Call Pinning.
Calm Kefalaiefu.
Cancer Rabun̄ ḡek.
Captain (nautical) Ulian.
Carry, to Buek.
Carve Meiloi.
Cat Gatu.
Cat’s-cradle Gagai.
Caterpillar Goroman̄ ḡamang.
Centipede Ouol.
Center Toluk.
Certainly (truly) Riul.
Chant Tam, Tiam.
Charcoal Otofin.
Charm Momok.
Cheek Lin̄ ḡilin̄ ḡi.
Chest, the Ν̄ḡurun̄ ḡ-e-rek.
Chew, to Min̄ ḡieng.
Chicken Numen.
Chief, a Pilun.
Child Fak, Betir.
Chilliness Ulum.
Chin Uotsrei.
Chop, to Toi.
Cigarette Lugud.
Clay Bar.
Clean Matsalabok.
Close, to Ning.
Clothing Mad.
Cloud Kalemulang.
Coconut (young one) Tob.
Coconut (soft and milky) Otsup.
Coconut (ripe) Merau.
Coconut-grove Niu, Aniu.
Coconut leaf (dried) Ul.
Cold Garubeb, Olum.
Cold (corrhyza) Misilipik.
Collar Liguin.
Comb Arouei.
Combat Tsam.
Come, to Ub.
Companion Olak.
Complaint Gil, Egil.
Compound (enclosure) Def.
Content Felfel anuk.
Coral Malang.
Cord Ao, Tal.
Corpse Iam.
Corpse (from violence) L’dou.
Count, to Keëk.
Crackling (slight noise) Ketsop.
Crooked Bụgụbụg.
Crowd, a Kensuk.
Cry, to Ior.
Cry out, to Tolul.
Crystal Kerek.
Curious Tseb-e-tseb.
Custom Matsem, Ethin.
Cut, to Thap.
Cut, a (with a knife) Muth.

D
Dagger (bamboo) Murugil.
Damage Giliu.
Damage (personal injury) Gosur, Denen.
Dance Tsuru.
Dandy Ufuf.
Darkness Lumor.
Dash, to Kaniloi.
Dawn Uots, Kiots, Kakatabul-ni-kakatabul.
Day Ran.
Day-after-to-morrow Lan̄ ḡilad.
Day-before-yesterday Foupelan.
Daylight Ran.
Deep sea Rigurr.
Delicate Don̄ ḡon̄ ḡoi.
Desire, to Botsogu.
Destroyed Keputh-e-puth.
Die, to Moriar.
Difficult Moma Momau.
Diligent Patak.
Dirty Alid.
Discoverer Fal.
Disgust Sunogor.
Disobedient Bodak, Bergel.
Dispute Pūpūan.
Distance Malaf.
Ditch L’ra.
Do, to Flak.
Do not Dari.
Doctor Taflai.
Dog Pelis.
Doll Ūlūlūpei.
Don’t know Dāmānāng.
Door Māb.
Doubled Bụgụbụg.
Doze Tsutsu.
Drag, to Böoi, Nag.
Draw from the mouth Thuak.
Dreams Likai.
Drink, to Num.
Drip, to (drops) Gaf.
Drizzle Fol.
Drown, to. Lumots.
Dry Mororei, Murubidi.

E
Ear Tali, Yuentali (the outside ear).
Early morning Kakatabul.
Earth Bụt.
Earthen jar Athip.
Earthworm Elolei.
Easy Mom.
Eat Koi.
Egg (fowl’s) Fak-e-numen.
Elbow Bungun-u-pei.
Elder Beilel, the elder or senior—Ν̄ḡigak
Ember Karagufin.
End (conclusion) Mus.
Enemy Togor.
Enough Tsotsol, Kaiuk.
Entire Pulo.
Entrails Giligan.
Equally Susun, ued.
Escape Mil.
Evil-doer Balbaleän.
Exceed Räau.
Excellent Manigil.
Excrement Tar.
Express, to Oudi.
Expect (await) Beṯẖon.
Extinguish Tẖang.
Extremity Taban̄ ḡuin.
Eye Lanei utei, Lanimit.
Eyebrows Uathụn̄ ḡin.
Eyelids Mudthar, n̄ ḡanimit.

F
Face Au Utei, Lanimit.
Fall, to Dol.
Fallen, stretched on the Kethik.
ground
Fallen to the ground Keptsa-n̄ ḡa-but.
False Bōar.
Far off Otorel.
Fasten by tying Mak.
Fat Suksuk-dao.
Father, (my, your, his) Chitim, Chitimak, Chitimam, Chitimangen.
Father-in-law Weituma.
Fathom Beridiri.
Fear Tamadak, Beiok.
Feather Ụl.
Few Biltsilits.
Fibrous heart of coconut Būl.
Field Tedilai.
Field, a cultivated Uelduk.
Fillet of flowers Teliau.
Filthy place Tsum.
Finger Guli-pei.
Finish Mus, dakori (no more).
Fire Nifi.
First Mon.
Fish Nik.
Fish, to Fita.
Fish-hook (wooden) Lam.
Fish Weir (bamboo) Ets.
Fish Weir (stone) Thagol.
Flames Taoromrom.
Flat Tamilang.
Flesh Ufin.
Flexible Bụgụbụg.
Flint Agan, Liok.
Float, to Pes.
Flow, to Pōok.
Flower Mokuf.
Fly, a Lol.
Food Gagan, Tomunemun.
Food in Falraman (Heaven) Ν̄ḡirin̄ ḡir.
Fool, foolish Māāi, Alili.
Foot Arifirif-u-ei.
For Fana.
Force, to Ginin̄ ḡirin̄ ḡin.
Forehead Pere.
Forest, a grove Tolomol.
Four days hence Kanin̄ ḡek.
Fowl Numen.
Fraud, a Saban-e-ban.
Fresh Garubeb.
Friend Olak, Foger.
Fright Gin.
From above Uulang.
From below Uubut.
From far Uubutorel.
From inside Uulan̄ ḡin.
From near Uuguchigur.
From yonder Uurom.
From the beginning Kaargon.
Fruit Uaman̄ ḡin.
Fruit tree Kakei.
Fuel Gan.

G
Gall Athibon.
Get, to Kel.
Get up (from sleep) Suon.
Ghost Athegith.
Girl (before puberty) Urgot.
Give, to Pi.
Go! Man; I go—Gowan.
God (Christian) Lios.
God (Uap Creator) Yalafath.
Good Fel, Kafel, Nifel.
Grandfather Tun̄ ḡin.
Grandson Tun̄ ḡin.
Grass Pan.
Grave, a Tsabok.
Green Run̄ ḡidu, light green—Run̄ ḡidu-melalai,
Merialan.
Grief Beior.
Groan, to Beior.
Ground Bụt.
Grow, to Beilel.
Grown up Beilel.
Gums Iguii.
Gun Buyots.

H
Hair of head Pih.
Hair on the body Bunë.
Half Barba.
Halt Matsuri.
Hand Arifirif-u-pei.
Handle Kol.
Handsome (man) Pitsoai.
Hang, to Tining.
Happy Brir, Birir.
Hard Bagel.
Hat Purpur.
Hatchet Tou.
Have, to Kabai.
He Tsanem, Fanem.
Her Ν̄ḡak (acc.) Her (possessive)—rok.
Head Lolugei.
Hear Run̄ ḡak.
Heavy Tomal.
Heel Uerielen-u-ei.
Hence (from here) Uuroi.
Here Uroi.
Hide, to Mith.
High Botolang.
Hill Oburei.
Him Ν̄ḡak.
His Rok, or the suffix —in̄ ḡen.
Hit with the fist Goi, Tugui.
Hither Nairai.
Hole in the ear lobe Lanilii, lii.
Home Oagon, Ted.
Hook Lam.
Hope Bedṯẖon.
Hot Gauel, Tsogou.
House Naun.
How Uargon.
Hunger Bilik.
Hungry Kei.
Husband Figerin̄ ḡen, Len̄ ḡin.
Husk Keru.
Husk of coconut Agapat.

I
I (pronoun) Igak.
Idle Malamal.
If Ni.
Image Fon.
Imitate Giloi reb.
Immediately Katabots, Baikatabots.
Impossible Dabiok.
In Ū.
Incantation Momok.
Inclined Sumrumor.
Ink used in tattooing Būloth.
Inclose, to Lang, Kamelang.
Inside Fethik.
Instantly Tsidiri.
Intelligent Boloan, Solap.
Interior Lan̄ ḡuin.
Iron Kobrë.
Island Don̄ ḡots.
It Tsanem, fanem, n̄ ḡak.
Its Rok.

J
Jest Gosogos.
Joke Mōning, Makarkar.
Jump Oth.
Just Foyen.

K
Key Kei, or—Ki.
Kitchen Pinfi.
Knee Bagun-ei.
Kneel, to Rogobuk.
Knife Yar-ni-matsif (shell knife).
Knots used for beam-lashings Giible, Refungirich.
Know, to Manang.
Knuckles Lebuk.

L
Ladder Falafal.
Lagoon Makef.
Large Baga.
Lashings Mitsibitsi.
Last Uriel, Tomur.
Last night Foungan.
Late Mitri, Mitimit.
Laugh, to Minimin.
Leaf Aran.
Leave, to Pak.
Left hand Gilai.
Leg Ei.
Lemon Gurgur-morets.
Less Baiun.
Liberal Bogol.
Lie, a Palfalegin, Belep, Bepelan.
Light with fire Methir.
Light with flint Liok.
Light (lamp) Magal.
Light (in weight) Baut, Sabaut.
Like this (thus) Arragon.
Lime Uetch, or—Vetch.
Limit Mathil.
Lips Wanlung-e-lun̄ ḡai, Edodei.
Little (quantity) Biltis, Botsu.
Little (size) Pachijik.
Live, to Daorem.
Lobster Somening.
Lock of hair Otsen.
Long Uonu.
Look for, to Gaiogei.
Lose Mul.
Loud Bagel.
Louse (of the body) Bugau.
Louse (of the head) Ienuk.
Love (noun) Taoreng.
Love, to Runguy.
Low in stature Botabut.
Low place or ground Tapining.
Low tide Këei.
Lower, to (from a position Lu.
higher than the ground)
Lower, to (from the level of Lok.
the ground)

M
Maggot Fak-u-lut.
Man Pumawn.
Mankind Gidi.
Manner Mit.
Many Boōr.
Mark Ayol.
Married Kabai-len̄ ḡin.
Master Suon.
Mat Tsop.
Matches Mases.
Meal, a Tomunemun, Gagan.
Mean Matsisi.
Measurement Fol.
Meat Ufin.
Medicine Flai.
Meet, to Petan̄ ḡai, Mafeng.
Memory Laninii.
Metal Kobrë.
Mid-day Misi.
Middle Toluk.
Middle of the morning Aganelai.
Milk Laguen-e-ṯẖuṯẖ.
Milk of coconut Lingir.
Mine, my Rak, or suffix—ak, ek, ik, ok, uk, for parts of
the body or pertaining thereto.
Miser Botebil.
Mistaken Dakafel, Dabikan.
Mixed Tabang.
Molars Ν̄ḡalen niga.
Money Metsaf, Fei.
Moon Pul.
Moribund Ubụtsia.
More Bots.
Morning Kabul.
Mosquito Neng.
Mother Chitin.
Mouldy Peṯẖathou.
Mountain Bebugul.
Moustache Buldui.
Mouth Lungei, Lugunei.
Move Mithemith.
Much Piri.
Mucus Mosul.
Muscle Kanakalei.
My, mine Rak, or suffix—ak, etc. — see Mine.

N
Nail (finger) Kuyun̄ ḡunpei.
Name Fithing.
Nape of neck Beligin.
Navel Tẖei.
Near Guchigur.
Neck Ligin.
Neck cord (woman’s) Marafa.
Necklace Tsrua, Thauei.
Net Kef.
New Bech.
Night Nep, Kainep; midnight—Lukunalang.
Night before last Fouepnep.
Nipple Lanuautan-e-ṯẖuṯẖ.
No Dan̄ ḡai, Aha.
No more Dakori.
Nobody Dare.
Noon Misi.
Nose Pethun̄ ḡui.
Nostril Lani-Pethun̄ ḡui.
Not Dagathi.
Not long ago Kaforombots.
Not, do Dari.
Nothing Dari.

O
Oath, an Pufathin.
Odor Bon.
Of Ni, Ne, Nu, E, Ku, Ko.
Offence Denen.
Offspring Fak.
Often Pirieiai.
Oil Gep-e-gep.
Old (ancient) Kakadai.
Old man Bilibithir.
On the contrary Ketibuli.
One Tareb, Tab.
One or other Tamathath.
Open Bin.
Open up Fal.
Or Fa.
Order Ulu-ulek.
Order (command) Meluol, Thinbots.
Other, the Bë.
Our Rodad.
Out-rigger Tham.
Outside Uen.

P
Paddle Yap.
Paint, to Matsei.
Pain, painful Bamith, Amith.
Palm of the hand Lanipei.
Palm-tree Yu.
Panic Rus.
Papaia Babai.
Paper Babir.
Pardon, to Nak.
Part, portion Lai.
Path Uua.
Patience Igumper.
Pay, to Fodth.
Penurious Matsitsi.
People Gidi.
Perfectly Kirifel.
Perhaps Auna.
Picture Fon.
Pierce, to Koruf.
Pig Babi.
Pig-sty Tsum.
Pinch Kakail.
Pineapple Ν̄ḡon̄ ḡor.
Pit L’ou, Mot.
Place Taguil.
Plant Niung.
Play Gosogos.
Point, a Ν̄ḡualeng.
Point, to, toward Peluon ko, n̄ ḡa.
Pool L’ou.
Poor Garfuku.
Portion, Part Lai.
Positively Riul-ni-riul.
Possible Raiok.
Pouch Bel.
Pound, to Pirdi.
Precious Manigil.
Pregnant Dian.
Pretty Falefan.
Price Peluon.
Property Tafen.
Pull against Pak.
Pupil of eye Tir-u-moro.
Pure Matsalabok.
Put, to Tai.
Put on clothes Un.

Q
Question Fith.
Quick Papai.

R
Raft Fofod.
Rain Nu.
Rain, to Keb-e-nu.
Rat Boro.
Raw Kakalin.
Ray Uluts.
Recompense Peluon.
Recognize Poōī.
Red Raurau.
Relative Olak.
Repentance Kokal-n̄ ḡa-nug.
Return Sul.
Revolve Tseltsel.
Reward Fodth.
Rib Ayong.
Rich Birbir, Metsaf, Abanen.
Right-hand Matau.
Ring Luou.
Rise Tulang.
Roast Fek.
Rob Lingau.
Robber Mororo.
Rope Gafi.
Roof Tsigii.
Root Liken̄ ḡin.
Rotten Orur.
Round Sililibui.
Roundabout Eror.

S
Sad Kebutsen.
Sail Lai.
Salt Sawl.
Sand Ayan.
Satisfied Fas.
Scar Fadth.
Scissors Petsok.
Scratch Kerker.
Scream Tolul.
Sea Adai.
See Gi, Tsan̄ ḡar.
Seed Outsen.
Seldom Tamathath.
Separate Ueruer, Mederek.
Sew, to Up.
Shade Tagulul.
Shadow Fon.
Shame Tamara.
Shark Ν̄ḡol.
Sharp taste Makadkad.
She Tsanem, Fanem.
Shell of coconut Le.
Shell money Yar-nu-betchrek.
Shell (pearl) Yar, Ayar, Botha ayar—shell money.
Shell (tridachna) Abul.
Short Bongots ongots.
Shoulder, to Fel-n̄ ḡa-pon.
Shoulder Poi.
Sick Lili.
Similar Bụtsụgụr.
Sing Adafel.
Sister-in-law Yenen̄ ḡin.
Sit, to Per.
Skein Otsen.
Skilful Solap.
Skin Witan dawei, Ieltsen, Keru.
Skirt Ong.
Skull Lo.
Sky Tharami.
Slanted Sumrumor.
Slave Pimlingai.
Sleep Tsutsu.
Sleep, to Mol, Tsutsu.
Slow Sathoath, Tẖoath.
Small Pachijik, Botsu, Biltis.
Smell, a Bon.
Smell, to Mamori-e-bon.
Smoke Ath.
Smooth Tamilang.
Sneeze Uen̄ ḡith.
Snore Liguil.
So Arragon.
Sole of foot Laniei.
Son Fak pumawn.
Song Adafel.
Soon Baikatabots.
Sore, a Rabun̄ ḡek.
Soul Ian, Tafenai.
Sour Mugunin.
Sour fruit Tebil.
Span (index and thumb) Dëh.
Sparing Melik.
Spark Bep-e-nifi.
Speak Non.
Spear Dilak.
Spill Pȯȯk.
Spin, to Finath.
Spit Madthu.
Spittle Ν̄ḡibotch.
Sprout, a Nuf.
Stain, stained Alid.
Stand, to Tulang, Michibii.
Star Tuf.
Statue Fon.
Steal, to Koerin.
Steal openly Leek.
Stiff Bergel.
Stomach In.
Stone Malang.
Stone money Fei.
Stop Matsuri.
Stop, to Dugil.
Straight Ketugul, Biluū.
Stream Lul.
Strength Ergel.
Stretch, to Maāp.
Strike Toi.
String Ao, Tal.
Strongly Bagel.
Sufficient Makil.
Sugar cane Kaiuk.
Summon Pinning.
Sun Ayal.
Suspend Gutining.
Swallow Ful.
Sweat Athu.
Sweet Makil.
Sweep, to Olagui.
Swim, to Nong.
Swollen Kedthu.

T
Tail Potson.
Take away Buek, Machuri.
Take off clothes Luf-e-mad.
Talk Non, Ok.
Taro Dal, Kamot.
Taste Lamen.
Tattoo Gotau.
Tattoo needle Galis.
Teach Fil.
Tear in strips Sesei.
Tears Lu.
Thank you Kamagar.
That person Tsanir, Anir.
That animal or thing Binir.
That person yonder Tsanem, Anem.
That animal or thing yonder Binem.
That far off person Fatsa.
The Farë.
Thee Ν̄ḡom.
Them Ν̄ḡorad.
Them (two persons) Ν̄ḡoru.
Thence Uuro.
There Uara.
These Pitsanei, Pianei.
These two Galitsanei, Galianei.
These (animals) Tinei.
They Pitsanem.
They (two) yonder Galitsanem, Galianem.
Thick Bedibak.
Thicket Gerger.
Thief Mororo.
Thigh Kalakal ei.
Thin Bugulifith.
Thine Rom.
Thing Ananen.
This person Tsanei, Anei.
This animal or thing Binei, tinei.
Thither Ν̄ḡara.
Thorn Il.
Those (near) persons Pitsanir, Pianir.
Those two (near) persons Galitsanir, Galianir.
Those (near) animals Tinir.
Those (yonder) persons Pitsanem, Yad.
Those animals or things Tinem.
yonder
Those two (yonder) Galitsanem, Galianem.
Thou Igur.
Three days hence Dukuf.
Throat Taliginai.
Throw down Thik.
Thunder Derra.
Thus Arragon.
Tie (fasten) Mak.
Tie up Mak n̄ ḡalang.
Tieing together Mitsibitsi.
To (dat. & obj.) Ko.
To (towards) Ν̄ḡa.
To (infin. & in order to) Ν̄ḡe.
Tobacco Tamako.
To be Per.
To-day Doba, Tsediri.
Toe Buguliei.
Toe nail Kuyun̄ ḡun ei.
To-morrow Kabul.
Tongue Athei, Yomon olun̄ ḡai.
Tooth Ν̄ḡuol.
Tortoise Darao.
Touch, to El.
Toward above Ν̄ḡalang.
Toward below Ν̄ḡabut.
Toward inside Ν̄ḡalangin.
Toward outside Ν̄ḡauen.
Towards yonder Ν̄ḡaram.
Tree Ren.
Trouble Domomu.
Trunk of tree Ren guin.
Tumor Lod, Madus.
Tune Yai.
Turbid Barnar.
Turn around Pin̄ ḡak.
Turn to one side Kesigire.
Twilight Faniel.

U
Ugly Fogu, Magagan, Bulak.
Uncover Fal.
Under Tan̄ ḡin.
Unequal Bithilthil.
Unfasten Gothagathei.
Untie Pithik.
Until Fin.
Up Ν̄ḡalang.
Urine Fi.
Us only Ν̄ḡomad.
Us two Ν̄ḡodou.
Us two only, Ν̄ḡomou.

V
Vain Ufuf.
Valiant Madan̄ ḡadan̄ ḡ-komal.
Value Kuyun̄ ḡun.
Vegetable Uelduk.
Vein Ν̄ḡutsei.
Very Piri; very good—felnifel.
Village Tagil, Binau.
Voice Lunn̄ ḡun.
Vomit Fud, Ν̄ḡorok.

W
Waist-cloth Tẖu.
Wait a little Mininum.
Waken Od.
Walk (to take a) An, Tseltsel seinian.
Wall Tsam, Mal.
War belt Tsagal.
Water (sea) Adai, Dai.
Water (fresh) Ran.
Water from coconut Lin̄ ḡir.
We Gadad.
We two Gadou.
We two only Somu.
We (all of us) Gomad.
Weak Don̄ ḡon̄ ḡoi, Oroporopek.
Wear, to Buek.
Weave Lifith.
Weep, to Ior.
Well (good) Kafel.
Wet Garda, Meiogo.
What? Manga?
When Baifinë.
When (in the past) Uin.
When (during the day) Mangial.
When (in the future) Dȧin.
Where Uu.
Where? Bau? Bain?
Wherefor Ν̄ḡe-dii.
Which? Mini.
Which (relative) Ni; (neuter objects)—Tinin̄ ḡan.
Which of those two objects Galinin̄ ḡan; which one (neuter object)—
benin̄ ḡan.
Whistle Felagur.
White Vetch-vetch, Uth.
Whither Danduu, darduu, n̄ ḡan.
Who? Mini?
Who (relative) Ni.
Why? Manga fan?
Wife Len̄ ḡin, Figir.
Wild Malaboch.
Wind (breeze) Nifeng, Maäb.
Wind-pipe Kon̄ ḡlugunai.
Wing Pon.
Wish, to Dak.
With Ko.
Within Lan̄ ḡgin.
Woman Pin.
Woman’s house Tapal.
Woman of the Failu Mispil.
Wood Ren.
Word Thin, Athin.
Work Moruel.
Wound, to Li.
Wound, a Malad.
Wrist Ulul-u-pei.
Wrong Dakafel.
Wronged Gudor.

Y
Yam Deok, Lak.
Yawn Guloua.
Year Duu.
Yellow Mogotrul, Ren̄ ḡren̄ ḡ, Bụt.
Yes Hu, Hei.
Yesterday Fouap.
Yonder Uaram.
You Igur; plural—Gumed; dual—Gumu.
Young (offspring) Fak.
Younger (or junior) Ν̄ḡijik.
Your Rom.
 VOCABULARY
UAP-ENGLISH

A
Abanien A thing, an object.
Abetir A boy.
Abul The large tridachna shell.
Adafel To sing, a song.
Adai Sea water, the ocean.
Agabui Leaf of “buyo,” wild pepper.
Agan Flint.
Agapat Husk of coconut.
Alid A stain, stained, dirty.
Alili Foolish, a fool.
Amith Pain, painful.
An To go for a walk.
Anei This.
Anem That yonder.
Anir That.
Aö String, rope.
Ap To transfer.
Apergok Black ant.
Arragon So, thus, as, like.
Aran A palm leaf.
Ararragon So, thus, as, like.
Arifirif-ū-ei Foot.
Arifirif-ū-pei Hand.
Arouei Comb.
Artsa Blood.
Artsë A bird.
Artsip-ne-mad A button.
Artsip-ū-ei Ankle.
Aṯẖ Smoke.
Athegiṯẖ A ghost.
Aṯẖei The tongue.
Aṯẖibon Gall.
Aṯẖip An earthen jar.
Athū Sweat.
Au To fall to the ground.
Aüna Perhaps.
Aüat Ashes.
Au-ūtei The face.
Awning All, every.
Ayal The sun.
Ayan Sand.
Ayār Mother of pearl.
Ayong A rib.

B
Babai Papaia. Tree.
Babir Book, writing-paper.
Baga Big, large.
Baibiid After a long time.
Bainon Afterward.
Baikatabots Soon, immediately.
Baiū Where.
Baiūn A lie.
Balbalëan Bad man, an evildoer.
Bamith Pain, painful.
Bār Clay.
Bārba Half.
Bārūār Turbid.
Bau Where.
Baut Light, not heavy.
Bë Another, the other.
Bedthon To hope, expect.
Bei Strips of palm leaf used in fortune telling.
Beilel Elder.
Beiok Fear, alarm.
Bëior To groan.
Belep A lie.
Beliligin Nape of neck.
Benin̄ ḡan Which one (neuter object).
Bepelau A lie.
Berber-reën The colour of red earth and salt water, Indian red.
Bergel Loud, harsh, obstinate, inflexible.
Beridiri A fathom.
Betir Young boy, a child.
Bilik Hunger.
Biltis A little, less.
Bilsiltis A few.
Bilūū Straight.
Binau A village.
Binei This (animal or thing).
Binem That yonder (animal or thing).
Bikireb Badly.
Binir That (animal or thing).
Bōār False.
Bōdak Disobedient.
Bōgul The width of the fingers, used in small measurements.
Bolōan Intelligent.
Bon Odour, smell.
Boör Many.
Bōrō A mouse.
Bōtha-ayar A string of shell money (ayar—a shell).
Botōar Deep.
Bots More.
Botsu A little.
Botsōgou Inclination, to desire.
Bōtsugur Near.
Brir, Birir Happy, rich.
Būek To carry.
Būgun ei Knee.
Bụgụbụg Doubled, twisted, flexible.
Buliel A little girl.
Būloth Ink used in tattooing.
Būluk Ugly.
Būrok Butterfly.
Bụt The ground.
Bụtsụgūr Similar, like.

CH
Chitimam Your father.
Chitimak My father.
Chitiman̄ ḡin His father.
Chitinam Your mother.
Chitinak My mother.
Chitinin̄ ḡen His mother.

D
Dabikan Mistaken.
Dabiok Impossible.
Dagaṯẖi Not.
Dain When (referring to future).
Daiow Stick used to tap the needle in tattooing.
Dak To wish.
Dakafel Wrong, mistaken.
Dakori No more.
Dal Taro (kaladium).
Damanang Don’t know.
Dandūū Whither.
Dan̄ ḡai No.
Darao A turtle.
Dardūū Whither.
Darë No one, nobody.
Dari Do not, nothing.
Dawn̄ ḡin The body.
Dawrem To live, alive.
Debdeb A box.
Def A house lot, a yard.
Dëh A span of index and thumb.
Deiken Against.
Deken Above, over.
Denen Personal injury, offence.
Deṛṛa Thunder.
Dian Pregnant.
Dilak Spear.
Diri To-day.
Djritr Dracoena.
Dōba Now, to-day.
Dol To fall.
Don̄ ḡon̄ ḡoi Weak, delicate.
Don̄ ḡots Island.
Dōmōmou Trouble.
Dōmunemun Food.
Dugil To stop.
Dukuf Three days hence.
Dụr To become angry.
Dūū A year.

E
E Of.
Ebinau Everywhere.
Edodei Lips.
Egal A complaint.
Ek To burn.
El To touch.
Elōlei Earthworm.
Er Also.
Eran Day.
Ergel Strength.
Erieh Vermillion.
Erōr Roundabout.
Ethik To balance.
Ethin Custom.
Ets Stone fish-weir.

F
Fa Or.
Fadth A scar.
Fagali Those two.
Failu Men’s house,—on the shore.
Fak A child, offspring.
Fak-e-numen An egg.
Fak-ū-lụt Maggot.
Fal To uncover.
Falafal Ladder, steps.
Falafalegin A lie.
Fana For.
Fanei For him, her, it.
Fanem He, she, it.
Faniel Twilight.
Fapi Those.
Farë The.
Fas Satisfied.
Fatsā That (person) far off.
Fei Stone money.
Fek To bring.
Fel Good.
Felagar To whistle.
Fel-e-fan Pretty, good looking.
Felfel anuk Happy, content.
Fel-n̄ ḡa-pon To shoulder.
Felnifel Very good.
Fethik Inside, within.
Fi Urine.
Figerin̄ ḡen Wife, husband.
Fil To teach.
Finath To spin.
Fita To fish.
Fithing Name.
Flai Medicine.
Flak To do, to make.
Fodth To pay, to reward.
Fōfod A raft.
Fōger Friend, companion.
Fōgū Ugly.
Fol A drizzle.
Fon Image, picture, shadow.
Fouap Yesterday.
Fouepnep Night before last.
Foun̄ ḡanan Last night.
Foupelan Day before yesterday.
Fouperen̄ ḡan Two days ago.
Foyen Just.
Ful To swallow.

G
Gadad We.
Gadou We two.
Gaf Drops of liquid.
Gagai “Cat’s-cradle.”
Gagan Food.
Gaiogei To search, look for.
Galianem, Those two persons yonder; the two.
Galitsanem
Galitsanei These two persons.
Galianir, Gautsanir Those two persons.
Galinin̄ ḡan Which of those two (animals or inanimate objects).
Galis Tattooing instrument.
Gan Fuel.
Garda Wet.
Garfūkū Poor, unfortunate.
Garūbeb Cold, fresh.
Gatsal Wounds, abrasions.
Gatū A cat.
Gauel Hot.
Gaunauruk Afternoon, at parting, means—au revoir.
Gep-e-gep Oil.
Gergal To give birth to.
Gerger A bush, a thicket, a branch.
Gi To see.
Gidi People, men, mankind.
Giible Knots used in lashing beams of a house.
Gil A complaint.
Gilai Left hand.
Giligan Bowels, entrails.
Giliu Personal injury, damage.
Giloi reb To imitate.
Gin Fright.
Go Alone, only.
Goi To hit with the fist.
Gomad We (exclusive).
Gomou We two only.
Goroman̄ ḡaman̄ ḡ A caterpillar.
Gosogos A laugh, a joke, a game.
Gotau Tattooing.
Gothagathei To unfasten.
Gotruk The croton.
Goufaned For us only.
Gowan I go, I am going.
Gūchigụr Near.
Gūdūr Wronged, injured.
Gūfanei For me.
Gūmed You (plural).
Gūmū You two.
Gūlip-ai Finger.
Gūloua To yawn.
Gūlun̄ ḡlun̄ ḡ Blue (a term used by women).
Gūrgūrmorets A lemon.

H
Hei Yes.
Hū Yes.

I
Iam A corpse.
Ian A ghost.
Ienūk Head-louse.
Igak I (personal pronoun).
Igūii The gums.
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