1

TA

'
HANDiiOOK '

OF
MATHEMATICS
FOR
ENGINEERS
)-,a;\awii^rbijry

<r*>o

'TABLES
 WORKS BY
L. A. WATERBURY
PUBLISHED BY
JOHN WILEY & SONS, Inc.

Laboratory Manual
For the Use of Students in
Testing Materials of Construc-
tion. 12mo, ix +
270 pages, 68
figures. Cloth, $1.50 net.

Cement Laboratory Manual

A Manual of Instruntions for
the Use of Students in Cement
Laboratory Practice. 12mo,
vii + 122 pages, 28 figures.
Cloth, $1.00.

A Vest=pocket Handbook of
Mathematics for Engineers
with Tables
Second Edition, Revised and En-
larged, xii +
213 pages, 80 fig-
ures. Morocco, $1.50 net.
 A VEST-POCKET

HANDBOOK
OF

MATHEMATICS
FOR

ENGINEERS

BY
L. A. WATERBURY, C.E.
^. Am. Soc. C.E.
Professor of Civil Engineering^ University
of Arizona

SECOND EDITION — REWRITTEN

AND ENLARGED
FIRST THOUSAND

NEW YORK
JOHN WILEY & SONS, Inc.
London : CHAPMAN & HALL, Limited
1915
 6^

Copyright, 1908, 1909, 1915,

BY
L. A. WATERBURY

CLA410472
Stanbope iprc3S
F. H. GILSON COMPANY
BOSTON, U^.A.

SEP I5!9I5
 o p
tr. s
H O
z

2^
>• Hi

PREFACE TO SECOND
EDITION.
In preparing the second edition, the errors
which have been discovered in the previous < 3
a:_i

edition have been corrected, revisions and alter- UJ o

ations have been made throughout the work,
and new material has been added, including
sections on hydraulics and reinforced concrete, < CO
o o
and a table of conversion factors. I- z
UJ <
o: I
L. A. W. O O
UJ UJ
Urbana, III., April, 1915.

I"
 PREFACE.
This handbook is intended as a reference
book, for the use of those who have studied
or are studying the branches of mathematics
usually taught in engineering courses. It is
not intended for a text book, and does not,
therefore,attempt to prove many of the
formulae which are given.
Most of the material in this book was
obtained from the following sources: algebra
from Hall &
Knight's Algebra (Macmillan
Co.); trigonometry from Bowser's Trig-
onometry; analytic geometry from Candy's
Analytic Geometry; calculus from Taylor's
Differential and Integral Calculus; theoret-
ical mechanics from Church's Mechanics of
Engineering; and mechanics of materials
from Merriman's Mechanics of Materials;
to all of which the writer is very much in-
debted and from all these Authors he has
received permission to use the material. The
reader is referred to these works for the proof
and explanation of the various formulae.

L. A. W.
Tucson, Ariz., March, 1908.

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION

WITH TABLES
In this edition tables of logarithms of num-
bers, and logarithmic sines and co-
natural
sines,and natural and logarithmic tangents
and cotangents have been added to facilitate
the solution of problems.
L. A. W.
Tucson, Ariz., September, 1909.
 CONTENTS.
PAGE
Algebra 1

Exponents and Logarithms 1

Proportion 2
Progression, etc 3
Quadratic Equations 5 ^ 111

Cubic Equations 5
Higher Equations 6
Graphical Solution of Equations ... 7
»- =)

Trigonometry 8
Plane Triangles 11 u. <
Spherical Triangles- 12 a
Hyperbolic Functions 13
_J 05
< 3
Analytic Geometry 14 a: -I
o 3
Transformation of Coordinates .... 14 UJ o
The Straight Line 16
The Circle 17
< m
The Parabola . 18 o o
H z
The Ellipse 18 UJ <
a I
The Hyperbola 19 o
UJ
o
UJ

The Cycloid 20
Miscellaneous Curves 20
Solids 21 CO

O <
to
—
Differential Calculus 23
|£
Integral Calculus 26 22
Theoretical Mechanics ....... 39
Notation 39
Statics:
Equilibrium of Forces. 40
Centroid of Parallel Forces .... 41
Center of Gravity 41
Moment of Inertia of an Area ... 43
Moment of Inertia of a Mass ... 44
vii
VIU CONTENTS

PAGE
Product of Inertia 44
Radius of Gyration 44
Transformation Formulae 44
Ellipsoid of Inertia 45
Circle of Inertia 45

Dynamics:
Velocity and Acceleration 46
Uniformly Accelerated Motion ... 46
Falling Bodies 46
Force and Acceleration 47
Direct Central Impact 47
Virtual Velocities 47
Curvilinear Motion of a Point ... 48
Projectiles 48
Translation of a Rigid Body .... 49
Rotation of a Rigid Body 49
Precessional Rotation 51
Center of Percussion or Oscillation . 51
Pendulum 52
Work, Energy, and Power 52
Friction 52
Friction of Belt 53

Mechanics of Materials 54
Physical Properties of Materials ... 54
Notation 55
Direct Stress 55
Eccentric Loads 56
Equation of Neutral Axis 59
Kernel or Core-section 59
Section Modulus Polygons 60
Diagonal Stresses 62
Thin Pipes, Cylinders, and Spheres . . 63
Riveted Joints 64

Beams 65
Simple Beam, Uniform Load .... 69
Simple Beam, Load at Center ... 70
Simple Beam, Unsymmetrical Load . 70
 CONTENTS IX

PAGE
Simple Beam, Several Loads . . 71
Cantilever Beam, Uniform Load 72
Cantilever Beam, Load at End . 73
Fixed Beam, Uniform Load . . 73
Fixed Beam, Load at Center . . 74
Fixed Beam, Load off Center. . 76
Continuous Beam, Uniform Load 77

Struts and Columns:

Euler's Formula 80
Rankine's Formula 81
Ritter's Formula 81 H 3
The Straight LineFormula . . . 82
Eccentrically Loaded Columns . . 84
Torsion 85
Ellipsoid of Stress 86
J CO
Impact 86 < 3
a: _i

UJ u
Reinforced Concrete:
Notation
Columns with Longitudinal Steel . 89 J
< €0
'

Columns with Spiral Steel .... 89 o o

I- z
UJ <
Beams, in General 89 o: X
o o
Rectangular Beams 90 UJ Ui

T-Beams 90
Beams Reinforced for Compression 90
Flat Slab Floors 91

Hydraulics:
Notation .... 92
Static Pressure . . 92
Center of Pressure 93

Weirs:
Hamilton Smith's Formula 93
Francis Formula 93
Fteley and Steam's Formula 94
Bazin's Formula 94
Trapezoidal Weirs (Cippoletti) 94
Triangular Weirs 94
Submerged Weirs 94
 X CONTENTS
PAGE
Orifices and Jets:
Discharge 95
Force and Energy 96
Moving Plates 96
Flow in Pipes: I
Long Pipes 97
Fanning *s Formula 97
Chezy's Formula 98
Flamant's Formula 98
Various Losses of Head 98
Equivalent Pipe Lengths 99
Bernoulli's Theorem 99

Flow in Channels:
Chezy's Formula 99
Kutter's Formula 100
Bazin's Formula 100
Relations of Velocities. 101
Hydraulic Grade Line 101

Tables
I. Logarithms of Numbers 104
II. Logarithmic Sines and Cosines
. . 134
III. Logarithmic Tangents and Cotan-
gents 152
IV. Natural Sines and Cosines .... 170
V. Natural Tangents and Cotangents . 188
VI. Conversion Factors 206

t
 1

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H o
z

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q:
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_1
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H _i
z <
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"* sr
<
o
to
o
H z
UJ <
o: X
O o
UJ UJ
X s
H
 GREEK LETTERS.
A a Alpha N J/ Nu
B j3 Beta S ^ xi
11
r y Gamma O o Omicron
A 8 Delta n TT Pi
E € Epsilon P p Rho
Z ^ Zeta S o- s Sigma
H rj Eta T T Tau j
e d^ Theta T u Upsilon
I fc Iota * Phi
K K Kappa X X Chi
A X Lambda 4^ j/' Psi
M /x Mu 12 03 Omega
 >
o i-

H o
ALGEBRA. z

>- Hi

EXPONENTS AND LOGARITHMS

< a
If o** = fe, m = log„ 6. a»* = a^+'», • a«
.*. log (x 2/)
• = log X + log a'^ 4- a" = a"*-^,
2/.

.*. log (x 2/) = log X — log

-r- (a*") = 2/. 2

om a»» = a2 '«, H
log x2 = 2 log x.
=)
. .-. •

(a"»)^ = a»'*-«, log x*" = n log x.

.-. .

aO = l, iog(l) =0.
.-.

For common logarithms the base is 10;

log 10 = 1, log 100 = 2, log 1000 = 3, etc., or
for any number between 1 and 10, the loga-
rithm will have a value between and 1, and may
be found in a table of logarithms. The value
of the logarithm of any number may be ob-
tained by adding the proper integer to the I- z
UJ <
OC X
proper value obtained from the tables. For O O
Ui LU
example,
log (451.7) = log (4.517 X 100)
= log 4.517 -h log 100
= 0.65485 -h 2
= 2.65485.
It may be observed that the integral part of UJ *
S u.
the logarithm, called the characteristic, in- O
dicates the location of the decimal point of the
number; and that the decimal portion of the
logarithm, called the mantissa, determines the
sequence of significant figures.
For a number less than unity, the logarithm
is negative, but since the tables contain only

positive values, the logarithm for such a num-

ber is ordinarily used in the form of a positive
mantissa with a negative characteristic. For
the purpose of involution or evolution the
1
 2 ALGEBRA
logarithm may well be used in the negative
form. For example,
log (0.04517) = log (4.517 -r 100)
= log 4.517 - log 100
= +0.65485-2
(or =+8.65485-10)
= - 1.34515.
(The logarithm is usually written 2.65485.)
log (0.04517)1.6 = (1.6)- log (0.04517)
= (1.6) ( - 1.34515)
= -2.15224
= +0.84776-3
= log (0.007043),
.-. (0.04517)i.« = 0.007043.
The base of the natural system of logarithms
is

e = l + l+i+l + l
+ l-j- . . . =2.7182818284.

The cologarithm of a number is the loga-

rithm of its reciprocal. Log f -

j
= — log x.
To
transform a logarithm from base e to
base 10, multiply by logio e.
Logio e = 0.43429448.
Loge 10 = 2.30258509.
1
Logio e =
log, 10

PROPORTION.
If a &
: : : c : d,
a c
-=-» b d
—
or — =:
h d a c

= bCf a+5 c+d

ad
b d
a—b c —d a+6 c-\-d

L
b d a—b c—d
 ALGEBRA 3

ARITHMETICAL PROGRESSION. >.

a, a-\-d, a-\-2d, ... g tu

Last term, L = a-{-(n—l) d.

x z
Sum of terms,

S = l{a + L)=^[2a-h(n-l)d], p|
Z UJ
o
GEOMETRICAL PROGRESSION. :

o, ar, ar2. ar3, . . .

Last term, L = arn-i.

Geometric mean, M = y/ab. Z
UJ
o:
-J
3
o
-J
air'' -1) UJ
u. <
Sum, S - -1
L. o
r
a(l -r^) rL —a
1-— r r-1 J CO
< 3
a: -I
CJ 3
For an infinite geometrical series, the sum if!3
z <
to infinity is S=
1-r
< CO
g o
I- 2
HARMONIC PROGRESSION. UJ <
o: X

a, b, c are in harmonic progression if

^ ^
a a —b
c b —c

or if -. r» - are in arithmetical progression. O —

a b c

PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS. ^

|
o
ab and 6a are two permutations but only
one combination.
The number of permutations possible of
n things taken r at a time is
'*P^ = n(n-l) (n-2) . . . (n-r + 1). >

([n = rX2X3X4 . . . Xn).

CO
np I
n UJ

**
(_r \r\ n—r ~ '

^
 ALGEBRA
BINOMIAL THEOREM.
(a + 6)« = a« + n • a^-i . b
, w (n—1) . an-2 . 52
12
n'(n-l) (n-2) • a**~3 . 58
[3

+
SERIES.
1. An infinite series in which the terms are
alternately positive and negative is convergent
if each term is numerically less than the pre-
ceding term.
2. An infinite series in which all the terms are
of the same sign is divergent if each term is
greater than some finite quantity, however
small.
3. An infinite series is convergent if from
and after some fixed term the ratio of each
term to the preceding term is numerically less
than unity.
4. An which all the terms
infinite series in
are of the same sign
divergent if from andis

after some fixed term the ratio of each term

to the preceding term is greater than unity,
or equal to unity.
is

5. If there are two infinite series in each

of which all the terms are positive, and if the
ratio of the corresponding terms in the two
series is always finite, the two series are both
convergent, or both divergent.

DETERMINANTS.
Ol ^1
aibz — a2&i.
a2 62
ai 61 ci = ai 62' C3 +
a2 ^2 C2
03 63 c 3I h
— tti ?>3 Ci
02 • &1 • C3 — aa 62 Ci.
 ALGEBRA
If + biy -f ciz + = 0,
aix rfj

+ + C2Z + = 0,
a2X 622/ c/2

asx + + C3Z + ^3 = 0,
632/
then
X = —y = z = -1
biCidi aiCidi a-jjbidi aibiCy
62^2^2 a-iC'ifl^ a<2b2d2 a^b^Ci
bzC3/dz dzCzdz CL^zdz azbzcz

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS.
ax2 + 6x + c =
=
— 6 j= V62 - 4 ac
x
2a
CUBIC EQUATIONS.*
AVsi Form.
x' + &a; + c = 0. (1)

Let x =y (2)
< 3
32/
63
or lfi-\-cy^--^ =0, (3)

c I c^ b^
whence, "^ ^~ 2 "^ V 4"^27* (4)
UJ<
from which x may
be obtained by substituting o o
UiUi

the value of y in equation (2).

X Z
Second Form.
7? + ax2 + c = 0. (5)
Let X = 1/z (6)

or 23 + -z
c
+ ic =0, (7)

which may be solved by equations (1) to (4)

and the value of x may then be obtained by
equation (6).
Third Form.
x^ + ax^ + bx + c = 0. (8)
a
Let (9)

* The equations here used follow the method

given in Wells' University Algebra.

6 ALGEBRA
which, when substituted in equation (8), will
give an equation of the first form, the solution
ofwhich will give the value of 2, from which x
may be obtained by equation (9).
HIGHER EQUATIONS.*
For higher algebraic equations, an approxi-
mate numerical solution can be obtained by the
method of double position, as follows:
f{x) = x« + ax'"'-'^ + 6x«-2 . . . = 0. (1)

By trial find two numbers one of which when

substituted for x makes f{x) positive, and the
other when substituted for x makes fix) nega-
tive. Let a and h be the two numbers, and
let A and B be the respective corresponding
values of f{x) Then, approximately,
.

A:B={x-a):{x-})) (2)

or x = a-\ —j^_Q ' (3)

GRAPHICAL SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS.

To determine the value of x in any equation,
f{x) = 0, let y and compute the values
== f{x)
of y for a number of assumed values of x.
Using the values of x and y as coordinates, plot
the graph of the equation, y = f{x) from which ,

the value of x which will make f{x) become

zero can be observed.
For two simultaneous equations, involving
two unknowns, the graph of each equation
may be plotted with reference to one set of
axes. If the two graphs intersect, the points
of intersection will have coordinates which are
the values of the two unknowns. If the graphs
can not be made to intersect, there are no real
values of x and y which are common to both
equations.
* See Wells' University Algebra.
 ALGEBRA 7

For any equation, y =f(x), the logarithms

of X and y may be plotted instead of the quan-
tities themselves, producing the logarithmic ^
graph of the equation. Logarithmic graphs o h
are particularly useful for equations of the s
f
form, y = ax*, for which the graphs are straight ^
lines.

H H
>- Hi

io

»- 3

_1 CO
< _l
3
CC
O Z3
111O
»-
:;!

5^
< CO
o o
h z
Ui <

o o
UJ UJ

CO

o ^
CO
-
I-
UJ ^
2 U.
o
 TRIGONOMETRY.

Radius = 1.
Q F AB — ain

^ Fig.
AC
1
1
D

>
OA = COS d.
CD = tan 0.
EF = cot 0.
OD = sec 0.
OF = cosec d
AC = vers 0=1-- cos 6.
BG = covers 8 = 1 — sin 0.

tan d
/I
= sin e •

COS0

sin2+ cos2 0= 1.
sec2 = 1 + tan2 6,

cosec2 6 = 1 + cot2 d.

exsec = sec — 1.

For e in nidi ans,

. « 03 fl5 ^7

cos0 = l-2+g-L6 +
03 2-05 17 07
tan =
S'^STs"^ 3.3-5-7

8
 '

TRIGONOMETRY 9

sin (A + fi) = sin A 5 + cos A vsin J?. • cos

sin U - 5) cos 5 — cos A sin S.

= sin A • •
>•

cos (A + B) = cos A cos B — sin A sin B. • •

cos iA-B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B,

I- o
• -j- •
z

tanU + B) = —1———tan +
tan il tan B
A tan J?
-

•
, , , - «
9^
>- UJ

tan A — tan 5
tan (A -8) = «
O
1 + tan A tan B •

sin2ii = 2 sin A cos A. • •

^

cos 2 A = cos2 A. — sin* A PS

Z _J
3
2 cos2 A - 1 y
UJ
cc o
-i
Ul
u. <
1 - 2 sin2 A. .

2 tan A •
tan 2 A ''

- tan2 A _1 CO
1 < 3
a _j
O 3
UJ u

(1 — cos A).
< (O
o o
cos -(1 4- cos A). »- z
(I) -V':
:

UJ <
o: X
O o
— cos A 1 UJ UJ

tan
sin A

sin 3 A 3 sin A — 4 sin' A. • •

m
cos 3 A 4 cos3 A — 3 cos A. o ^
to
-
zS
3 tan A — tan' A
tan 3 A S5
1-3 tan2 A UJ

O
sin A + sin B _
2 • sin
. A+g ;r • COS
A-B
2

sin A — sin 5 = o cos

2
g
^ +— ;r • Sin
. A-g
2

cos A + cos B o cos

2 —
A +—g - • cos
A-5
2

cos A — cos B — <o sin .

—
A +—g t: • sin
. A-B
 t \ \

10 TRIGONOMETRY

tH f-t rH 1-H
1

Q> .«> i-O

<N CJ
1

p»
1
«>
o e4
1

^
c^
9
CJ
o « <v ^^^
^"^ O <o 03 O , O
1— Q) CC « a> en <o a>
S
O
QQ
o M O OS QQ O ta QQ

o o c O O <y O o
o « o o o «
> > > >
r^ r-t
1 1 1

1 1
1 1

«>
<fc

c a
«>
?;» TH V «^, «H
^ O ej-
o U iD Q? O r-i
'=!?.
ly « i» 9.
CQ <V (» QQ «> a> a* M V
QQ QQ QQ QQ QQ

>' 1 > > >

«fc «fc <I> 1
<a>
1

e^ e^ e>i CM
« -t^ -M 4^ -U
<a> o * o «.
^ o «> o
•*a rH o +i o ^H ~u> o -1-3
o
o + o + c +
O
»H »-l « 1H rH

> 1'
> 1
>' 1 >
<C. ;:& «£> ^
^ c« M c» c»

^ • c rt
^ fl a ^
^
g c« ce ^ rt
1+t
e«
(3
+ "
+ tan

+1 T-l

> > > >'

Q^ «>l 1
<i) >»
•
M CJ M M
cc QQ QQ CO
«D O ^ o «t> «> o <t) O
QQ o w CO M U ^^ CO rH «
O QQ O O O
« 1
O 1
1
o O
1

1
o 1
1

pH O tH 1-( ^H

> i > > 1 >

<t> «E> <ai <c
M e^ M M
<I>
«S •rH Qi • rH
S ^ •S <fc

d 03 JH QQ '? 'm «-•

tH fl
•r-l P t 1
s 1
QQ •rH 1
QQ I '
'm 1
QQ
QQ r-i •H irH rH

> >l > ,—>>

>l
a>
y~^ ^^^^ ^ — /— ^»—S^
, OS ^ «B <5)
1
1
<fc

o
1
1

o
1

O
1 h
a»
1

o
1

O n
o O O
h
OS ^^^ C5 OS
v-^
C7J
^^ g
v^
0)
I»
a -fS c 03 C?
O o e« o (D
« *S o -4^3 o ao

a O)
o
'3 «t> «fc «t> «!l5
<l> 0)
00 (ft

.s O o ID o
'qq O -*a o OD o
Ph

.V
 '

TRIGONOMETRY 11

sin A + sin B _ tan ^ (A-{-B)

sin A — sin B tan \ {A — B)
sin A + sin B = a r>\ i t
j-T-
cosA + cosB B tan \{A-\-B). \

sin A + sin B =
5
cos A — cos B
;.
cot
.

HA - B).
i dn
/ ^

>
sin A — sin B
ui

T— 5 = tan \{A — B). to

cosA + cosB
sin A — sin B ox
H=cot* i / ^
(A + B).
.

cos A — cos B
\

cos A + cos B /A + B\ JA-B\ Z _l

UJ 3
cos A-cosB =
^^*
(^) • ^^^ (-^-) •
oc
UI
u.
U.
u
-J
<
o

PLANE TRIANGLES. _I CO
< 3
K -J
O 3
UJ O
A + B + C= 180^

sin A sin B sin C < CO

o o
I- z
UJ <
a • sin C o: X
tan A=6— O O
a cos C
•
UJ UJ
X 2

cos A=
62 + c^ — gZ
2 6c

or a2 = 62 + c2 — 2 6c • cos A.
g+6 ^ tan HA + B) s <
a-6 ~ tan HA - B)
sin A + sin B + sin C
=4 • cos --
ABC
£i
• cos -^
^
• cos —
£
•

cos A + cos B + cos C

= ... A B C
1 + 4 sm — sm - sm —
. . .
• • • •

^ Ji Ji

tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A • tan B • tan C

 ,

12 TRIGONOMETRY
Area =^6 • c • sin A
a2 sin B • sin C
2 • sin A
= Vs{s-a) (s-6)(s--c),
where s = ^ (a + 6 + c).

SPHERICAL TRIANGLES.
Center of sphere is at O.
^

Right Spherical Triangles. Let C represent

the right angle.

cos c = cos a cos 6. •

sin 6 = sin B sin c. •

tan a = cos 5 tan c. •

tan a = tan A sin b, •

tan A • tan B=
cose
cos A = sin B • cos a.

Oblique Spherical Triangles.

sin a sin 6 sin c

-^^ 7 = -^ rr = -; 7L = moduluS.
, ,

sm A sin ±» sm C
= cos b cos c + sin b sin c cos A.
cos a • • •

cos A = — cos B cos C + sin 5 sin C cos a.

• • •

cot a sin ftp cot A sin C + cos C cos b.

• • •

Let s = Ha + ^ + c)

5 = HA + fi + 0,
 TRIGONOMETRY 13

sin {s —b) • sin (s — c)

then sm
HI)-\^- sin b • sin c

(A\ _ A / sins ' sin (s — a)

cos
2/ sin 6 • sin c

/A\ _ i/sin (s — 6) • sin (s — c)

tan
sin s • sin (s — a)
> UJ

'a\ _ 4 / cos «S • cos (S A)

sm
2>) V sin B ' sin

'a\ ^ . /cos (S - B) . cos (aS - C)

cos
sin B • sin C
z _l

cos S'* cos (<S — A) UJ :?

a: o
tan = v/- UJ -I
<
(1) cos(S-J5).cos(5-C) u.
a. o

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS. J to
< 3
C -J
— y^ = O 3
For the equilateral hyperbola, x'^ a'^, a UJ O

series of functions can be obtained, analogous

to the circular functions.
Let X, y be the coordinates of any point P < 05
O O
I- Z
(Fig. 4), let the radius OP = r, let « = the arc UJ <
o: X
MP divided by r, O O

W
UJ UJ

and let OM = a. ^ \ /
Then,
sinh u = y/a. m
o <
to
-
cosh u = x/a. z£
tanh u = y/x. 2s
coth u = x/y.
— a/x,
sech u

cosechi^ = a/y.

1
 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY.

TRANSFORMATION OF COORDINATES.
To transform an equation of a curve from
one system of coordinates to another system,
substitute for each
variable its value in Y ^
-X-
terms of variables of
the new system.
Rectangular Sys- '''"
1:
tern. Old Axes Par-
allel to New Axes, X J.
x' — X —h.
y' = y —k.

x = x'-\-h. Fig. 5.
y = y'+k.

Rectangular System. Old Origin Coincident

with New Origin.

x' = x cos d-\-y sin 9,

' •

y' — y cos d — x* sin 6,

'

x = x' COS — y' sin d.

• •

y = y'* cos d-{-x'*aD.0,

14
 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 15

Rectangular System. Old Axes not Parallel

to New Axes. Old Origin not Coincident
vnth New Origin,

> UJ

5 Hi
< o

Fig. 7.
Z _l
UJ ID
tC O
UJ -I
= (x — h) cos + (y — k) sin B, u. <
x' u. o
a
y' = (y — k) cos d— (x — h) sin 0,

x = x'' cos d — y' sin d-\-h,

• J CO
< 3
a: _i
y = y', COS 0-\-x' sin Q-{-k,
* O Z3
UJ o
»-
:;!

Polar and Rectangular Systems,

< to
o o
x = p. costf. H Z
UJ <
a: I

V = p. sin 0, O o
UJ UJ

P C2 + 2/2.

tand
X

Fig. 8. cosd = ^ <

Vx2 + 2/2 UJ ^
2 u.
O
sind = J/

Vx2 + 2/2
a;
cot» = --
2/

sec0 = Vx^ -\- 2/2

cosec I? = Vx2 4-l/2

16 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

THE STRAIGHT LINE.

Equations of Straight Line. An equation of
the first degree containing but two variables

can always be represented by a straight line.

The equation of the straight line may as-
sume the following forms, for the rectangular
system of coordinates.
Ax-\-By + C = .... (1)

y = mx + A; ...;... . (2)

in which m is the value of the tangent of the

angle which the line makes with the X-axis,
and k is the intercept on the F-axis between
the line and the X-axis.
y-y' = A (x-x') .... (3)

in which x\ y' are the coordinates of a point

of the line, and A is a constant.

y-y' = '^^T^,{x-x') ... (4)

X —X
in which x\ y' and x", y" are the coordinates
of two points of the line.
The polar equation of
a straight line is

p • cos {d — a)=k (5)

where k is the length of

Fig 9. the normal ON,
Distance between Two Points. The distance
between two points, x', y' and x'\ y'\ is equal
to
V(x'-x")2+(2/'-2/")2.

The distance between two points, pi, B\y

and P2, ^2i is equal to

^9^ + P2^-'^Pi'P2- cos (01 - 02)-

Angle between Two Lines. The angle be-
tween two lines, y =m'x-\-k' and y—m"x-\-k"t
 ~

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 17

is the between the two angles

difiference
whose tangents are m' and m".
Area of Triangle. The area of the triangle
whose vertices are {xi, y{), {x^, 2/2). and (^3. 2/3)
is equal to
a;i2/il

THE CIRCLE.
The most general equation of the circle,
for rectangular coordinates, is
(x-ay+(y-b)^ = Ri, PS
Z -I

in which a, b are the coordinates of the center

of the circle, and R is the radius.
The following are special equations of the
circle for rectangular and polar systems of
J CO
coordinates. < 3
a: _i
O 3
UJ o

^<
- o
/^ \p/.

< a>
p = R, o o
I- z
Ui <
o: X
O o
lU Ui

y2 = 2Rx —xK (0

p = 2R* cos 9, o ^
CO
-
z£
Fig. II. UI i
S u.
O

x^ = 2Ry- 2/2.
p = 2R'smd.
X— Y
Fig. 12.

Diameter of circle =2 R = D,
Circumference =2ir R = ir D,

Area
4 a
18 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

THE PARABOLA.
In Fig. 13, F the focus, OF
is = OD = a, and
L —L is the latus rectum = 4 a.

Eccentricity, e = FP
p^ = 1.

If the y-axis coincides with the directrix,

DM, then
j/2 = 4a (x — a).

Fig. 13.

If the y-axis coincides with ON, passing

through the vertex, then
2/2 = 4 ax.
For a symmetrical segment of a parabola^
the area of the segment is exactly two-thirda
of the area of the enclosing rectangle.

THE ELLIPSE.

a2
"^
62 ~ ^*

Fig. 14.

F, F are foci.
Eccentricity, e < 1.
The area of the ellipse is equal to vab.
 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 19

THE HYPERBOLA.

A — A = principal hyperbola.
B — B = conjugate hyperbola.
c — c = asymptote. a: u
u. <
u. o
Principal hyperbola: — — r^ =1.
_I CO
< 3
Asymptotes: — — — = 0. a: _i
a^ 0* UJ O

Conjugate hyperbola: -5 — t;: = —1.

< CO
o o
When referred to the asymptotes as axes, I- z
ill<
the equations become: s
O O
=^

UJ UJ

Principal hyperbola: xy = a2 + 62

CO
1
) O —

D - Z) is the di-
22
rectrix.

F, F are foci.
x.-*
FP ^,
PQ=e>l.

For the equilateral

hyperbola, a = 6, for
which the equation of the principal hyperbola
becomes »2 — j/* = a*.
20 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

THE CYCLOID.

Fig. 17.

x =a (9 — sin 6) ,

y =a (1 — cos 6),
or X = a- vers (r^.V2ay-y^
1-1

THE SPIRAL OF ARCHIMEDES.

p = k'd.

THE RECIPROCAL OR HYPERBOLIC

SPIRAL.
k

THE PARABOLIC SPIRAL.

p2 = A; • ff.

THE LITUUS OR TRUMPET.

,2=_.

THE LOGARITHMIC SPIRAL.

log p =k 'd.

If & = 1, and logarithms to the base a are

employed, then the equation may be written
 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 21

THE CATENARY.
a ( 2 -^\ ,

2/= 2 V^"+« "/•

THE CUBIC PARABOLA.

THE SPHERE.
R — radius, and D = diameter.
For the origin at the center,
x2 + + z2 =
2/2 iE2.

Area of surface =\TrW- = -K D^. H D

4 1
Volume = ^7rm = -irD\ u. <
Q
CONES.
_l CO
The equation of the cone generated by the < D
a: _j
line, z = mx + rotated about the Z-axis, is o =>
c, tu o

= (2-c)2 2S
x2+2/2
m2

The volume of a cone is - A A, where A is the t-

liJ
z
<
o a. I
O o
area of the base, and h is the altitude. uj uj

OBLATE SPHEROIDS.
The equation of the oblate spheroid gen-
x2 22
erated by the ellipse, -^
a'-
+ b^ = lir;; rotated about

its minor axis, is

X2 . 1/2 . 22

a2 ^ a2 ^ 62
PROLATE SPHEROIDS.
The equation of the prolate spheroid gener-

ated by the ellipse,

a;2
-rx-] — 22
: = 1, rotated about

its major axis, is

"^ "^ '^ ^'

62 62 a2

*
 22 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

HYPERBOLOIDS.
The equation of the hyperboloid of one

nappe, generated by the hyperbola, — — rr =1,

rotated about its conjugate axis, is

o2 + a2 62
~ *

The equation of the hyperboloid of two

nappes, generated by^the hyperbola, -i — r^ = 1,
a* o2
rotated about its transverse axis, is

^ _ ^ _ ?! -1
~
02 62 62 •

THE PARABOLOID.
The equation of the paraboloid of revolu-
tion generated by the parabola, a:2 = 4 az,
rotated about its axis, is

a;2+2/^ = 4a2.

GENERAL EQUATION OF CONIC

SECTION.
The general equation of any conic section,
for which the F-axis coincides with the direc-
trix and the X-axis passes through the foci
normal to the directrix, is
(a;-A;)2+ 2/^^ = 62x2,

where k isthe distance from the directrix to

the focus, and e is the eccentricity.

^
^
 . I

DIFFERENTIAL
CALCULUS.

Variables will be represented by u, v, x, y,

and z, and constants by a, b, m, and n.

D will be used as the sign for the deriva-

tive, and d as the sign for the differential. PS
^
Z _l

Sin~i X = angle whose sine is x. a o

Z)(/x)

dy
= ^ 1 / f \

_J CO
tu -<
u. <
^^

D^y^—* ^3
dx a

To obtain the derivative of any func-

—o
UJ
I

5
Z3

.*.
o
tion, drop the differential of the variable from
the differential of the function. ^ ^

DMy)=D/fy)'D^y. ||
UJ lU

da = 0. f2
d (av) =a*dv. ^^
d (u-\-v-\-x) =du-\-dv-\-dx. <o^
z ^
d (x'y) =ydx-\-X' dy. < yi
^ <
d(w«-x»2/...) = (vx'2/...)dM4- su.
°
(u'X'y )di;+(wv2/
. . .) dx+ . . .

(u'V'X . . . ) dy-l- . . .

CO
o
d (logg m) = .
_l
3
Q
>-

d (loga u) = log« e • — X

ydx — X'dy S
(D=- yi

23
 '

24 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

dx^ = y ' x^^ 'dx+x^ log„ x-jz.. -

where ikf = log«e.

I

dx<^ =a • x«~i • dx.

cZx
d V^x = z
2Vx
d (sin x) = cos x • dx.

d (cos x) = — sin x • dx.

d (tan x) = sec2 x • dx.

d (cot x) = — cosec2 x • dx,

d (sec x) = sec x • tan x dx. •

d (cosec = — cosec x cot x dx.

x) • •

d (vers x) = d (1 — cos x) = +siii a; • dx.

d (covers x) = d (1 — sin x) = — cos x • dx.

d (sin- Lx)=dx/Vl-a;2.

d (cos~ Lx) = -dx/Vl_a;2.

d (tan- Lx)=dx/(l+x2).

d (cot- Lx) = -dx/(l+x2).

d (sec~ ix) = dx/(xVa;2-i;.
d (vers-^ix)=dx/V2x-x2.

d (covers- ix) = -dx/V2x-x2.

To differentiate a function:

1. Find the value of the increment of the

function in terms of the increments of its
variables.
2. Consider the increments to be infinitesi-
mals, and in all sums drop the infinitesimals

of higher order than the first, and in the

 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 25

remaining terms substitute differentials for

increments.
For the maximum value of a function the
firstderivative is zero, and the second deriva-
tive is negative.
For the minimum value of a function the
derivative is zero, and the second deriva-
first

tive is positive.

If -7— assumes the form - » then

fx
Fx _ D (Fx)
fx~Difx)'

Taylor's theorem is
h^
f(x-\-h) = fx+h'DUx) + ^'DHfx)+ • . .

_I CO
< 3
a: _i
CJ Z3
tu o
2^
fx=fiO+x)=f(0) +
< CO
o o
X'D(fO)-{-^-DHfO)-\- .
I- z
. . UJ <
a: I
O o
UJ UJ

The radiurS of curvature for a curve, y =fx, is

to

o <
to
(dsV -
da. d^y dx 'd^ |S
(dx)2
S2
where s is length of curve.
 INTEGRAL CALCULUS.

fdx = x+Ct where C is the constant of

integration. The constant C must be added

to all of the following forms.

(dx-]rdy-\-dz . . . )
=
I

fdx+Cdy+Cdz+

x''*dx= Vt-
/dx ,

log^a

X'dx= — cos x or vers x»

/ sin

dx = sin xov — covers x,

/ cos a; •

x»dx = tan x.
/ sec^

cosec^ X dx = — cot x.
/ •

sec X • tan x dx = sec x.

/ •

26
 . •

INTEGRAL CALCULUS 27

I
cosec X • cot X'dx= — cosec x.

tan X'dx = log (sec x)

I

I
cot X'dx = log (sin x) .

I
cosec X'dx = log (tan -j

I
sec a; • da; = log I tan (9 + 7) I
•

< 3
O Z>
a \a/ UJo
5S
< CO
o o
I- z
(U <
a. X
O o
UJ Ul

/ _

Va2-x2
— sin-1
W=—
(
-) cos-i (-).
W
S 2
/da;
— irrzrr = -1 • sec~l
, /x\
I - l,^OI
o
X Vx2 — a2 « ^^r

= cosec 1 1-)
a \at

or
J V2 ax -xa ^^^^

=a — covers"! {-V
 '

28 INTEGRAL CALCULUS

Cf(x)dx = Fx-\-C, if

d (Fx) =fx dx. •

i a*dx — a I
dx.

/o=c.

i x*dy = xy— i ydx.

/x-j-^
dx • X
= -{a^hx-a^\o^{a+hx)\.

+a2.1og(a+6a;)|.

o+6a;J
dx /a+6x\
/ X (a+6x)
1
a
.

\ x )

dx /a-\-hx\

/ X (a + 6x)2
_ 1
~ ^1^+6^) __ J:
o2
*
1

^^
V X /

r_^£_ = _ i + A .log f^Lt^Y

/a-^ = ;i--'(«V/!).
wheo a>0 and 6>0,

V .A.
 INTEGRAL CALCULUS 29

dx ^ 1 ^a+x^ -h
/
when a>0 and 6<0.

(ix

(a + 6x2)2 ~ 2 a (a + 6x2) "^

2a J + 6x2
a

dx 1 X
/ (a + 5x2) »+i 2na (a + 6x2) ^
,
2 n— 1 /* c?x

2na J
^7 (a + 6x2)^
/x2 . c?x _ X _ a r dx
a-\-hx^ 6 6 ^ a4-6x2
/x2 • dx _ —X
~ 2n6(a + 6x2)^
(a +6x2)^+1

1r dx
'^
2nh J (a+6x2r'

dx ^ J_ / x2 \

/ X (a + 6x2) ~ 2a ^^ \a-\-hxy I-
111

o o
z
<
UJ lU

dx ^ 1 b r_jax 1-

/ x2 (a + 6x2) ax a J a+6x2

dx ^ 1 r dx o <
n -
/ x2 (a +6x2)^+1 a J x^ (a + 6x2)'^
UJ ^
dx
-- f- O
a J (a+6x2)n+i

j
x"*»(a+6x'')-^'dx =

^
6(wP+w+l) /

'
/p T_
6(nP+w+l)
. ,
•

J
I x^-^.(a+6x'^)-^.dx, 3
o
30 INTEGRAL CALCULUS

5=
x^+i'(a + fex^)-^
or
nP+m + 1

nP+m-\-l J

a(w+l)

aniP+1)
• nP+w+n + 1 /* / , T «sP4-i ,

ox2+6a;+c

• tan-i
>
( ),

1 /2axH-6- V62_4
-4ocY
or = .
•
,
log
V62 -4 ac \2ax+6+V62 — 4ac/
/a; • dx 1

2aJ ax^+bx-

I
a; Va+6x*dx=s

2(2o-3bx) (a+bx)i

x2 • Vo+bx • das =
I

2 (8 a2- 12 obx 4- 15 fe2x2) (a+bx)^

105 65
 INTEGRAL CALCULUS 31

Vj:^~ (2n+l)6
2 na r x^^ - dx
i2n+l)bj V^+6i*

X'dx 2(2a-hx)^a-{-hx
/
dx _ 1 ^a+bx-^
/ .1
^

when a > 0,

or = 2 .

'tan
_,
i
.
//g + ^x
\ *

V-a V -«
when a < 0.
dx __ ^a-\-bx
/
(2n-3)b r dx

< CO
g o
I- z
iU <
'dx = 2^a-{-bx oc I
i
x o
O
UJ
o
O LU

+a I/•da;
•/ ajva+ba;
CO
CO^
o —
|£
J Va2 — a;2 ^-^
22

J a;Va2 — x2 « \a+Va2 — a;2/

dx ^ - Vo2-x2 S
/
^

ir
o
Vo2— x2 • dx = Va2 — x2 ^
I I

,
a2 . /x\ S

H
 )

32 INTEGRAL CALCULUS

x^ Va2-x2 dx = .
J

I (2 x2 - a2) V^?ir^2 _j- 1! sin-i

f-")
o o \a/

Va2-x2
dx = Va2 -a;2
/ •

'a+Va"^-:
— a»Iog( -)

Va2-a:2 - Va2 -2;2

=
/ dx sin"
©
a;2 • da;

(a2-a;2)i a2Va2-a;2

(a2-a;2)f .dx =
I

(5a2-2x2) V^i^:^+ a* • sin-i

I I (^
x^'dx
— sm
/ (a2-a;2)
a;2)2 — ^2
Va2-a;2
1 I
\a/
-

/ax = Iog(x+A/x2±a2).
^x^zka^

dx
= —1 sec~i
f xVa;2-a2 «
.

dx
J xVx2-j-a2 a \i+vxH-a2^
Vx2~zba2
/ x2 Vx^ ± a2 "^
dx ^ Vx2-a2 1 _j X
/ a;3Vi^3^ 2a2x2 '^2a3^^° a
 INTEGRAL CALCULUS 33

dx
/ x3VxH^2
2a2a;2
+ 2^rr,
' a^
log 1

I Vx2±a2± |- log (x+ Va;2±a2).

r2;2 Va:2±a2 dx = |
. (2 x'dz a2) Va;2±a2

- |- log (x+ Vx2±a2).

o

/Va:2-a2 ^ ^^- a
•ax= Va:2_a2_acos~i -•
X X

dx = Vx2 + a2 — a 'log
i '

r^x^zha^
._ < CO
g o
t- z
dx = UJ <
a: X
I
x2
o o
LU Ul
X 2
— ^x^zha^
+ log (x4- Va;2±a2).
x^dx X
= f Va:2±a2T^log(x+>/a^2±a2).
/ ,
Vx2 ± a2 ^ ^
S <
dx _ X

J (x2d:a2)t a2Vx2±a2*

X2dx —X
+ log(x+ Vx2±^.
J (x2±a2)5 Va;2±a2

r(x2±a2)2dx= |(2x2±5a2)V^2~^

- -^ log (X+ Va;2d::a2).

 1

34 INTEGRAL CALCULUS

/dx , X
«
'^2ax-x^
x"^ dx a;'"-! V2ax-x2
/ V2ox-x2 ^
\£i in — ±j
(2m-l)a
I f
I u> x*"-i.da;

dx V2aa: — x2
x"» V2 ax-x2 (2 w- 1) ax"*
. m— r dx
'" — — 1) a
{2m l)aJ x^-^"^2ax — x^
J j-m-i
•

C ^2ax-x^'dx=^^^ V2ox-x2

// , x"*-! (2 aar
w+2
— x^) 23

(2»n+l)a /* ^ ^/jr ,
+ ,
7-^
w+2 I x"'-!
,
• V2 ax -x2 . dx.
J
v'2ax-x2 _ — (2ax-x2)§
x"* (2 m -3) ax'"
. m-3 r V2ax-x2
'*"(2m-3)aJ x"*-! ^

dx
/ Vox2-|-6x+c
"7= log (2 ax4-6+2 Va Vax2+6x4-c).

/Vax2H-6x+c • dx = —4a ^ax^+bx+ c

/62-4ac\ r dx
ax24-6x+c
 j

INTEGRAL CALCULUS 35

/dx 1 . , / 2ax — h \

j
V_ax2-|-6x+c • dx — -^ ^—ax'^-\- hx-\-c

. 62+4 ac r dx
8« J V_ax2+6x+c*
xdx V ±ax2-|-fex+c

f V±ax2+6x+c =i=^

_^ rh dx
'J V±ax2+6x+c*
2oJ
(±ax2+6a;+c)5
;ax2+6x+c«dx =
3a

— I
^zhax^-\-bx-\-c»dx.

/x sm2x dx = ^ •
2
—
4
1
7 sin (2 x). < CO
g o
I- z
111<
cos2 X • dx = - + 47 sin (2 x). o o
UJ UJ
2 '

sin2 X• cos^ X' dx= - (x — - sin 4 x

I
CO
_l
'

o <
C
I sec X • CSC X • ax = c
I -; ^ <
q:
UJ

J J smx* cosx X
o
H
< 1

tu 2 J
= log tan X. s u.
o

/sec2 X • csc2 X • dx = I -r-z

sm2x.
— dx '-

J COS2 X 05
o

/„ sm*"- X • cos X • dx =
,
= tan X — cot X.
— sin™-i X
w+n
;
• cos^i X

r
^
<
Q
^

^
+ m-\-nJ . I sin"*-2 X • cos" X • dx, S
^

m
 2

36 INTEGRAL CALCULUS
ginw+i X . cos*"-! X
or
7n-\-n

,
n-1 r .

H r— I SI
sin''" X • cos*^~2 a; • dx.

/'

m 7-'
r ginm-2 3. . ^x.

X'dx =
/ cos^

sin X • cos"^~i a; , n— 1 /*
cos^~2 a; • dx.
n n
wX
Sin''*
.n
dx =
cos X

sin"*+i X —
n — m -2 sin^
/*si X • dx
"'
(n — 1) cos**"! ^
M-l X n 1 J COS"~2 3;

cos^x
dx =
/ sm'^x
cos"+i X m — n — 2 /* cos^ x dx
(w — 1) T^.
sin*"~i X w — 1 J sin"*-2 X *

r dx ^ — cosx :
. 7n— dx
^ sin'^x (m— l)sin^-ix m—\J sin*»-2x

sinx . n— 2 C dx
/ CDs'* X (n — 1) cos^~i X nSI/ COS^~2 3;

——
/—
tan»*-ix C^
/,tan**« X • dx =
,
j
„_„
I tan^-2 x • dx.

cot'*x • dx = cof^"!
-— X r cof'-s X
I • dx.

dx _
/ a+fecosx
ifa2>62j
 INTEGRAL CALCULUS 37

^b -a tan -+^b-{-a
log

if a2<fe2.

=
f x^ • sin X dx •

—a;'* cos x+m•/'x"*~i cos x dx,

I

=
/ x^ • cos X • dx

sin X —m x"*~i sin x

X"* •

s I • • dx.

^ ^^ — ,
x^ ^ _]_

/
sm a; , _ —1 sin x 1 /* cos X dx
/I X"*
~ m—l x"^i m
/cosx x2 a;4 a:« < CO
^-dx = logx-^ ,
+ j^-g|g+
,
. . . o o
»- z
HI <

/cosx rsmxdx O o
_ —1 cos X _ 1 Ul Ui
X 2
X"* ^~m- 1 ' x'"-i m-lj x"*-i

X sin~i X • dx =
/
- [(2 x2 - 1) sin-i x+a; Vi -a;2]. 5 <

x^ sin~i X dx =
/ •

x'^+i
t-i sin-^
sin~^ X _ r x^+i dx
1 (

n+1 n+1 J vri

Vl-a;2

cos~i X dx =
/ X** •

x"+i cos~i X
n+1 + ^/
^+1 J vTZ^*
 a —

38 INTEGRAL CALCULUS

x^ tan~i dx =
/ aj •

a;^-H da;

n+1 n+1 J H-a;2

a o J
/gaa: -1
—jr ax = •
e^*
-i
, a f e«* ^
I —-- ax.
x'' n-\ x^-i n-1 J a;"-i
/«„,
e** log a; •
,
dx = e«=»logaj
^^
1 C I
€«'>' dx
•

a a J X

e««sm (nx) •dx=e'**f —

a2-|-7J,2 )

/ e««cos (nx) dx = e«*

/ X 7 „ focos (nx)+nsiii
I
L
- ^^
— —— f-^
a^-\-n^
(nx) 1
^^ ^
|<
J

/v ^i^.dx=
o+x
V(a + x) (64-a:)

+ (a-6)log(Va4-x+'^6+a:).
/V^^^= ^(«-^) (&+^)
+ (a + 6) sin" » a-\-b

dx ""
= 2cot-i V^—
S >/(x -a) (6 -x) X—

= 2 sin-1 i/fz:^.

dx
= — log ^a^+x^'-a
1 ,

sX ,

Va;*^H-a2 «^ Va2+a:^+a

—7dx = —2
«»
sec~i
, x2
-
"
a;Va;^-a2
 THEORETICAL
MEUiriAisricS.

NOTATION.
A = area.
a = angular acceleration.
a = linear acceleration,
a„ = normal acceleration.
a^= tangential acceleration.
C = component of a force.
F = force.
F„ = normal force.
F< = tangential force.

C = acceleration due to gravity = 32.2.

(The exact value is 32.1808 -
0.0821 cos 2 L, where L is the < «
o o
latitude.)' i- z
111<
/„ = moment of inertia referred to center o 5
of gravity. ^
f
J^-j = moment of inertia about an axis
through the center of gravity and
parallel to the X-axis.
o
Af = moment of a force. | "^

m = mass = weight -i-g. g s

R = resultant of a system of forces. o
S = space.
V = velocity. g
ro = initial velocity. s
©4= tangential velocity. o
*t 2/f 25
= rectangular coordinates of a point. ^

Pt 6 = polar coordinates of a point.

p = distance from pole to center of gravity. S

39' 5
 40 THEORETICAL MECHANICS

STATICS.
Equilibrium of Forces.
r^^'i'e.
Concurrent Forces in Equilibrium in 0»''
Y

sc,=o.

Fig. 18.

Non-concurrent Forces in Equilibrium in One

Plane.

XM=XC^y + 'ECyX.

\
Fig. 19.
i
If three forces are in equilibrium they must
be concurrent or parallel.

If a system
non-concurrent forces in
of
space is in the plane systems
equilibrium,
formed by projecting the given system upon
 THEORETICAL MECHANICS 41

three coordinate planes must each be in

equilibrium.

A couple consists of two equal and opposite

parallel forces acting on a rigid body at a fixed
distance apart.
The moment of a couple is equal to the prod-
uct of one force by the distance between the
two forces.

Centroid of Parallel Forces.

R=ZF.
- _ XFx
""'
xf'
For a variable
pressure,

dx
X =

Fig. 20.

Center of Gravity of an Area.

X — "Zx-dA
SdA m
m -J
«,
o <-

// xdx dy
// dxdy
-
y~ XydA
^X
j
{ ydxdy
Fig. 21.

dx dy
//
 42 THEORETICAL MECHANICS

— y-ddx
/X {Vi

— 2/1) dx
f (2/2

X'fx'dx

Fig. 22. fx 'dx

/

Center of Gravity of a Mass.

For a homogeneous mass,

-
X = 'Zxdm
2 dm

I I
\ xdxdydz

SSf dx dy dz

Fig. 23.

— _Xy dm
^~ Ydm
Iff' dx dy dz
,j » 1 '

Sff dx dy dz

z dx dy dz
z = Hz dm
S dm
III
Iff dx dy dz
THEORETICAL MECHANICS 43

Moment of Inertia of an Area.

Fig. 24.

= I 2/2'(a:2 — xi) dy

= y^-'fy dy.
I

Fig. 25.
m
o —
|S

lQ=Xp^dA

= i p^'dp'dd.
J

Fig. 26.
44 THEORETICAL MECHANICS

Moment of Inertia of a Mass.

If A; is a constant, equal to the density
divided by g,

Fig. 27.

Ig — p^dm

=k I
I
I p^dxdydz

=k i {x^+y^) dxdydz.
j J

Product of Inertia of an Area.

J = Xxy dA =1 i xy dx dy.

For the principal axes, J is zero.

Radius of Gyration.

=Vl'
A . , or r=y^.
r
w T

Transformation Formulae,

or

J xy ~ ''e.g. -vAkhy
where ft, k are the
coordinates of the cen-
ter of gravity referred

Fig. 28.
to X-X and Y-Y.
 THEORETICAL MECHANICS 45

I'x = I^ COS2d

— J^ysm^2e.

+1(1, Iy)sm2d,

To determine
the value of d
which will make
X'-X' a principal
axis,

2 Jxy
tan 20 =
iy ia
Ellipsoid of Inertia.
The moments of inertia about all axes
through any given point of any rigid body
are inversely proportional to the squares of
the diameters which they intercept in an
imaginary ellipsoid, whose center is the
given point, and whose position depends
upon the distribution of the mass and the
location of the given point. This ellipsoid
is the ellipsoid of inertia for the body. The
axes which contain the principal diameters
of the ellipsoid are called the principal axes
of the body for the given point.
CO

Circle of Inertia.*
CO <
z q: ILl

For any plane figure, lay off OX parallel to < 1-

X <
o
UJ S
X-X, s u.
D O
OB = I,y
BC = J xyt
bq=\ba.
circle through C with
Fig. 30.
center at Q,
* See Maurer's Technical Mechanics, Ap-
pendix B, or Civil Engineers' Pocket Book.
46 THEORETICAL MECHANICS

CD parallel to X'-X' (Fig. 29),

DE perpendicular to OX,
QF = EQ,
Then OE = I'^, and OF =1^.
ED = J'y.y.
The principal axes for the given point are
parallel to CM and CN.
J is positive above and negative below OX.

DYNAMICS.
Velocity and Acceleration.
ds

_dv _ d^s

Uniformly Accelerated Motion.

If a is constant,
v = VQ-\rat.

_ V^ — Vq^
~ 2a

vdv = a ds.

Falling Bodies.

For a body falling in a vacuum, a — g, hence

v = Vo+gt.

_ y2 — rpZ
2g
= 2 (^o+v) U
 THEORETICAL MECHANICS 47

Force and Acceleration.

F = m •a=
W
— -a,
g

Direct Central Impact.

For two inelastic bodies, let

mi = mass of first body.

m2 = mass of second body.

Vi = original velocity of first body.

V2 = original velocity of second body.

V = common velocity after impact.

Then v =
mi +7722
For two elastic bodies having velocities
ki and k2 after impact,
7niDi-\-m2V2 = 'niiki-{-m2k2.
The product of mass by its velocity is
momentmn.
The sum of the momenta before and after
impact is constant.

Virtual Velocities.
F = force.
y = direction of motion of P.
(iu = virtual velocity of force.

-rr = velocity of force. 5 H

at

—r = velocity of P.
at

F •du = virtual moment of force.

The virtual moment of a force is equal to

the algebraic sum of the virtual moments of
its components.
For a system of concurrent forces in
equilibrium,
i:F'du = 0.
48 THEORETICAL MECHANICS

For any small displacement or motion of

a rigid body in equilibrium under non-con-
current forces in a plane, with all points of
the body moving parallel to this plane,
XF'du = 0.
Curvilinear Motion of a Point.
ds
»<
=
It

dv _ d^s
''*"
'di~
dt di^
dt^

Fig. 3 1.
= ag, cos d-\-ay sin d.
an=o,y cos d — a^ 3m d =

where r is the radius of curvature.

F =
wV
Ft — m* ay. cos 0+m • a^ sin ff =m • a<.

—^ = j atds.

Projectiles.

Neglecting the resistance of the air,

x = Vq cos d • t.

or

gx^
y = x tan 6 —
2 Vq^ cos2 d
Fig. 32.
 X

THEORETICAL MECHANICS 49

Horizontal range,

Xr= —
Vq^
sin 2 6,
9
which is a maximum for = 45°.
The greatest height of ascent is

Translation of a Rigid Body.

dFg. = Oa; • dm.

R. a^ * dm.

%K

Fig. 33. Fig. 34.

The resultant force must act in a line

through the center of gravity and parallel to
the direction of motion.

Rotation of a Rigid Body.

Let be the axis of rotation.
= angular space passed over by any line
o ^
from O.
a= angular accelera-
tion.
cu = angular velocit y.

Then
_ dd
'^~
dt' —-

dt
~ ~dt^' Fig. 3 5.
t^u
03 do) = a dd.
50 THEORETICAL MECHANICS

For uniform acceleration, oc = k,

(a = oiQ-\-kt.

w2-co„2
— coo'

2a
wo+to
t.

For a point p distant from O,

l»i = p 'CO.
a'= p ' tx.

s = p*d.

dF = dm* a
= pa» dm,
dMQ = p*dF.
dMo = p^a dm.

= I
p2 • a • dm

r^ dm
Fig. 36.

= «./.

For a masa m, concentrated p distant

from O,

Mo = ap2w.
 .

THEORETICAL MECHANICS 51

Precessional Rotation.

a> = velocity about axis

of spin (PP) in radians
per sec.

12 = velocity about axis

of precession (OZ) in.

radians per sec.

7 = moment of inertia
about axis of spin.

r= torque ( = Wp for
equilibrium)

Fig. 37. r = wO/sin0.

For = 90°, T = coni.

Center of Percussion or Oscillation.

an unsupported bar upon being struck

If
at a begins to rotate about h, then a is the

center of percussion for 6 as a center, and b

is the center of instantaneous rotation.
CO

o <
CO
-
Fh = dm
I"
22
-A
dF = a' p* dm.

F = aj p 'dm. X 0.

=a •
p * m.
Fig. 38.

pm p
52 THEORETICAL MECHANICS

Pendulum.

T — time of oscillation
from one extreme position
to the other.

r = radius of gyration.

Work, Energy, and Power.

Work (w) is equal to force (F) multiplied by
the distance (S) through which it acts.

w = F'S.
w
Power (L) is the rate of doing work. L=—

Energy is the capacity to do work.

The energy of a moving body, K.E. = -niv^.

The kinetic energy of rotation is iiT.^^. = - 7 •

w'.

Friction.

F = friction,
JV" = normal force.

/= coefficient of friction.
N
Fig. 40.

F
Angle of friction, ^ =tan~i -rv
 THEORETICAL MECHANICS 53

Average values of / for motion are aa

follows:

Wood on wood 25-. 50

Metal on wood 50- 60.

Leather on metal . 56
Leather on metal, lubricated .... 0.15
Metal on metal, — dry 0.15-.24
Lubricated surfaces:
Ordinary 0.08
Best 0.03-0.036

For values of / for rest add 40 per cent to

above values.

Friction of Belt.

^4 V
Fig. 41 . Fig. 42.

dF=f-Nds=f-ds. «^
o 5
r
< ^
ds = r dd,
dF ^ <
and f'dd=-=^- S ^
o

o
or Fi'e^'^i — F2, where 0i is in radians. <
c:
Q
>
X

k^^^^^^^mmm^m^^^^^m^mmm
 I '

MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS.
m
'o

»00000<MO<Mt-i
O 0) ri 5 1-1 (N coco

O >> •5[0Ol{g OOOOOOOiO

•j^A
OCOCOOOOOOO
T-l CO CO 1— »-H
ci d (©'^TtiiOOO'OCO
•^p^;g c^ oq -I—

oooooooo
oooooooo
S S
o 2.2
i=!
oooooooo
OlOCOO^C^r-TcO
(M <M coco

OOOO
OO OO .O
.o
© o OOOO .o
CO lO CD O
<M CO «0
1—1

OOO
O OO OO OO O ooooooooooocoooo
OO OOO O
OO looococoooooooooo
lO O cjono^iOTjfNTiiooKnaxoo
CO CS C£ CS T^ T^ T^ W — — — —H — — — "
^ .^
"
rt
"
rt
" " " "
T-H-^ »0 CX) t—

O
O OO OOO O
OO O ooooooooooocoooo
S k « OO OOO OO oooooooooicoooooo
^O O »0 oao«oi>ot»0(0iofflicu:oo
o2.2 oooo(M»ocqio Tjl t> « 10 ^ CO ®N

oooooo OOOOOOOO
OO
OO o
OO o OOOOOOOO
ooo OOOOOOOO lO
:3 »0 O OO
CO «000
ci o CO CO CO
r-l
t>r CO -"^ OO

OOOO
OOOO ooooooooo
ooooooooo
i fl
o o ooo_^o
OOOO
oooooooo
CO
H CQ
coo
cq lo
tC
i>^ i>^ 05 00 t>r 00 o
•qoni o-^o«o-^o •
1— T— 1— C^ T-(
J9d sSai'jj 1 I (

OOOOiOOO«Ot^OiOiOOiOOO
l0000505CS|COlOCO<M-<^COeOCOC<lTj*
^^ ^^ ^^ ^J^ ^^ T^^ T-^

Pn'^fln

l|lllli.§g3g3ortl
54
 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 55

NOTATION.
A = area.
b= breadth.
d = depth.
j& = modulus of elasticity.

e = total deformation.

F = force.
I = moment of inertia.
Iq = polar moment of inertia.

J = product of inertia.
Z = length.

M = moment.
R = resultant of forces.
r = radius of gyration.

jS = unit stress.

= section modulus.
s

V = vertical shear.
W = total weight.
w = weight per lineal unit.
A = maximum deflection.
€ = unit deformation.

Direct Stress.
For an axial tensile or compressive force, or
z
for simple shear, ^ i-

A o
e

e eA S
Q
For tension or compression the deformation i
is measured along the axis of the member, and
for shear it is measured at right angles to the «
111

axis of the member. ={

56 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Eccentric Loads.*

Fig. 43.

Consider a section a-a perpendicular to

axis of a bar, and take axes of coordinates
through center of gravity.

Let X, y = coordinates of any point of section.

n-n = neutral axis.

« = distance of any point from line through

center of gravity and parallel to neutral axis,
positive toward P.
©0= value of v for neutral axis.

F = force or resultant of forces acting at P.

iV = component of F normal to section

considered.

So = unit stress at center of gravity.

* The method here presented is taken from

a paper by L. J. Johnson, M. Am. Soc. C. E.,
*'
An Analysis of General Flexure in a Straight
Bar of Uniform Cross Section," Trans. Am.
Soc. C. E., volume LVI, p. 169, 1906.
 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 57

_ €2 V

= So- — \y cos a—X • sin a)

N N
—'Xp(y-- X tan a)
~ A + J-Iy tana
N — N 'Vpiy — x tan a)
A+ Ix — J tan a
1
1

1 N •pp(y-- X tan a) cos

• e
1

'
~ A t
J- ly • tan a

N 1
'ppiy-- X . tan a) sin 9
A t

I.--J 'tan a

jy iV (l/pZy — XpJ) y+N (Xplst — VpJ) X

= ^+N'ppX
(ly sin 9 —J • COS0) ?/+ (Ix cos 9 — J sin 9) a;l

. In the above equations -j

N .

is the portion of

S which is direct stress, and the other term

is the portion due to the bending moment,
i M=N •
Pp. If s represent the section
modulus
/ Ixly-J^
\(/^ sin0 — J* COS0) y-\r{I^ cosd — J -sind) .)•
then CO

N M -
As <
o
Note. — The values of the section modu- x
lus given in the handbooks are computed
from the formula s= -, which is the value of S
y
^ -^
CD

w
 '

58 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
s for J= and for P located on Y-Y. For
angles and Z-bars J does not equal zero.
In the above equations,

tana = h -J tan (9

J -I . tana

h cote -J
J cotd--ly

h COS0 — J • sin 6
J COS 6— ly smd
For any bar having a section which is

symmetrical about either axis, J = 0, and

the values of S become

S=^ + N.i>p(^ly sin •

2/+7a. cos 6 • .t>

If for a symmetrical section, P is on Y-Y,

then sin 6 = 1 and cos 6 = 0, or

jV"
N'pp'v

^ JV M-y

"JT.
->-N-

Fig. 44.

For a rectangular section, for which is N

applied on Y-Y and p distant from the axis
of the bar, the extreme fiber stresses are

-f(^-«l)
 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 59

EQUATION OF NEUTRAL AXIS.

The equation of the neutral axis for an
eccentric load is

Ixly-J^
x-\-
A {Xp'J-y^'I)

KERNEL OR CORE-SECTION.
The kernel of a section (sometimes called
the core-section) is the area within which P,
the point of application of the resultant of the
forces, must fall in order that the stress shall
be of the same sign throughout the section.
It is the areabounded by the locus of the P's
corresponding to a series of neutral axes
touching the periphery of the section but never
crossing the section. For every side of the
section there will be an apex of the kernel.
If Xa, Va and Xfj, yi, are the coordinates of a and
bf which are two consecutive vertices of the
section, then the coordinates, x^j, 2/a6» o^ ^^^
vertex of the kernel corresponding to the side,
ab, of the section will be

(Xg -Xf,) J- iVa - yQ ly

^ab'-
^{^aVb-^bVa)

(X^ - Xb) I^ - (ya - yb) J

yab=- A i^aVb-^l^a)
If ab is parallel to X-X, then

^ab-
A^y, yab=
^'^^
A.y,

If ab is parallel to F-F, then

ly
^ab-
A'X. yab=- A 'X,
60 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
The radii vectores of the kernel are lengths
which for any d need only be multiplied by
the area of the section (A) to give the sec-
tion modulus

Izly-J^
<{Iy sin 6 — J *coa 6) y + ily-coaO — J •aind) -x)
but these lengths must be considered posi-
tive if measured on the opposite side of Q
from P.

SECTION MODULUS POLYGONS.

In the equation /S= -rH

N M (see Eccentric
A s
Loads), s is the section modulus. The sec-
tion modulus polygon is the polygon the
lengths of whose radii vectores are the
graphical representations of the values of s
for extreme fibers for successive values of
6 from to 360 degrees. The section modu-
lus polygon is a figure whose sides are parallel
to the sides of the kernel of the given section
but which lie on opposite sides of the center

of gravity from the sides of the kernel.

The most general value of s is

Ixly-J2
(ly sin d — J cos 6) y-{- (ly cos d — J- sin d) x
For any section which is symmetrical
about either axis, s becomes

Ixly
s =
ly sin 6 'y-\rlx cos d • x

For any symmetrical section for which P

lies on Y-Y, d = 90°, hence

y
 •

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 61

If for any symmetrical section P lies on

X-X, 6 = 0°, hence

s= —
X

There will be one vertex of the s-polygon

for each side of the polygon bounding the
section. If x„, 2/a and x^, Vb are the coordi-
nates of a and b, two consecutive vertices of
the bounding polygon of the section, then
the coordinates of the vertex of the s-polygon
corresponding to the side ab of the bounding
polygon will be

^ab= — — Xb)J— iVn — Vb) h

(Xa

(Xa — Xb) la: " (Va " Vb) J

yab=
^aUb-^bya
If ab is parallel to X-X,
J I^

If ab is parallel to F-F,
ly
—* J
^ab= yab= —•'
Xa

For sections symmetrical about either

X-X, or Y-Y, J = 0, and the values of —

and — can be found in the handbooks
issued by the steel companies, under the
column marked "Section Modulus." The
vertices can then be plotted and connected
by straight lines to form the s-polygon.
From this s-polygon the values of s for any
value of 6 can be obtained graphically.
The most advantageous plane of loading for
any section will be that having the greatest
value of s.
62 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

DIAGONAL STRESSES.
n

F<- k
-r >F

Fig. 45.

F = axial load.

A = area of section normal to axis of bar,

n-n = any diagonal section.

d = angle which n-n makes with axis.

<S = unit axial stress.

= unit shear along plane normal to axis.

«Sa

Sn = unit tension or compression normal to

section n-n.

So„ = unit shear along section n-n.

For combined direct stress and vertical shear,

Sn= ^ (1-C082 e)+Ss' sm2 d.

San= o • Si^ 2 e + Ss • cos 2 $.

The maximum or minimum value of S^

o
occurs when cot 2 d= — r—- and , is
2 bg

s^i
max .S„=is±(s.2 +
f)
The maximum value of 5^,1 occurs when
c
tan 2 6= -\- r-^ and
, is

max .S«,= (5«2+|^ .

 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 63

For axial load only, Sg = 0, hence

Sn= f (l-cos20) = S-sm20= ^.sin20.

The maximuin value of S^ occurs when

= 90°, and is then the unit axial stress.
The maximum value of Sgn occurs when
S F
6 = 45°, and is - or ;—j •

THIN PIPES, CYLINDERS, AND SPHERES.

*S= unit stress in metal.
< = thickness of metal. Ri<
d = diameter.
p = unit pressure of liq-
uid or gas.
d = angle which the di-
rection of p makes
Fig. 46.
with X-X.
For the transverse stress across a longi-
tudinal section of a pipe or cylinder,

Ri = R2= n 2p cos 6= ~p'd. •

Ri _ p'd
^-T-~2T'
For the longitudinal stress across a trans-
verse section of a pipe, or for the stress in a
thin hollow sphere,

p •
J ird^ p d
•

S=
ird • t 4:t

which is one-half of the unit traiisverse stress

in a pipe having the same diameter and thick-
ness.
 —
64 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

RIVETED JOINTS.

Q .
a-
Q o
i< a —
>r

Fig. 47.

a = distance center to center of two consecu-

tive rivets in one row.

d = diameter of rivet or rivet hole.

stress in unriveted plate in length a.

t = thickness of plate.

unit tensile stress.

unit compressive or bearing stress.

Ss = unit shearing stress.

efficiency of joint for tension.
= efficiency of joint for compression.
ec

c« = efficiency of joint for shear.

w = number of shearing sections of rivets in

distance a. butt
(Notice that for
joints each rivet has two shearing
areas.)

n = number of bearing areas of rivets in dis-

tance a.

1
F=t (a — d) St = m ird^' 8^ = 71' t'd'Sc.

et = a—d
a

c.=
4 • catSt

n 'dS^
c.=
aS,
 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 65

For maximum efficiency, make 6^ = 6^ = 6^,

for which

4 n
• • S. . <
aJ =
m 'IT * Sg

4 nSrt
and a= ^
miring (^+»l)-
The allowable value of Sc is usually 2 Sg.
For single riveted lap joints the maximum
efficiency is approximately 55 per cent, for

double riveted lap joints approximately 70

per cent, for triple riveted lap joints approxi-
mately 75 per cent, and for triple and double
riveted butt joints approximately 80 per cent.

BEAMS.
Vertical Shear. The vertical shear at any
section of a horizontal beam is equal to the
sum of the verticalcomponents of the reactions
to the left of the section minus the sum of the
vertical components of the loads to the left
of the section.
For any beam the vertical shear upon the
right side of the left support of any span is

where

ilfi = the moment at the left support,

AT2 = the moment at the right support, g

w = the uniform load per lineal unit, ^
Q
F = any concentrated load, i

o = the distance from the left support to F,

CO
til

I = the length of span. m

66 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Shearing Stresses. If y = vertical shear at

any section,

where Sg is the average unit shear.

The actual unit vertical shear at any point
is equal to the unit horizontal shear at
that point, and may be determined by the
following equation:

where h is the breadth of the section at the

given point, y is the distance of the point
considered from the neutral axis, and c is
the distance from the neutral axis to the
extreme fiber on the same side as the point
considered.
The maximum value of Sg occurs at the
neutral axis, and is

max. Ss= j—^

ft" 2/«dA= j^«Ai2/i,
%
V

where Ai is the area of the portion of the

section on one side of the neutral axis, and
2/1 is the distance from the neutral axis to

the center of gravity of the portion of the

section on one side of the neutral axis.
For a rectangular section, the maximum
unit shear is | of the mean unit shear.
For Diagonal Shear, see Diagonal Stresses,
page 62.
Bending Moment. The bending moment at
any point for any beam is

M^Mi+ViX-hwx^-ZFix-a),

* See "Merriman's Mechanics of Materi-

als," page 269.
 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 67

where
Ml = bending moment at the left support,
Fi = vertical shear upon the right side of
the left support,
F = any concentrated load upon the left
of the section considered,
X = distance from the left support to the
section considered.

For any beam of one span Vi is equal to the

component of the left reaction.
vertical
The maximum positive moments occur at

those sections for which -7— becomes equal to

ax
or passes through zero, that is where the shear
becomes or passes through zero. The negative
moments at the supports may have the largest

numerical values, and for these points —— does

ax
not equal zero, since the tangents to the mo-
ment curve are 'not horizontal at these points.
Theorem of Three Moments. For any two
consecutive spans of a continuous beam, let

Ml = moment at the left support,

ikf2 = moment at the middle support,
ikf3 = moment at the right support,
Zi= length of the first span,
^2 = length of the second span,
Z = length of span for equal spans,
it;i = uniform load per lineal unit on first
span,
1172 = uniform load per lineal unit on second
span, g
Fi = any concentrated load on the first ^
span, cc

2^2 = any concentrated load on the second

span,
ai = distance from first support to Fi,
a2 = distance from middle support to Fj.
68 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Then, for uniform loads only,

ilf 1^1 + 2 M2 ai + ^2) +^3^2= - \ wxh^-^ W2k\

For eqital spans with equal uniform loads,

Mi+4:M2-\-Ms=-lwP.

For concentrated loads only,

Mih+2M2(h+h)+M,l2
= -Fi (a,h - 17) - ^2 (2 02^2 - 3 a22+ ^) •

Flexural Stresses. The tensile and com-

pressive stresses in a beam, produced by bending,

can be determined by placing

N
-j = in the

formula for S given under Eccentric Loads,

which gives

For combined flexure and direct stress, the

tensile and compressive stresses can be com-
puted for prisms by the formulae given under
Eccentric Loads, and for long members by the
formulae given for Eccentrically Loaded Columns.
Elastic Curves. The curve which is as-
sumed by the neutral surface of a beam under
load is called the elastic curve.
The radius of curvature of the elastic curve
IS

j.^EI^ dl^ dx^

M dx d^y
• d^y

from which the equation of the elastic curve

can be obtained, for any particular case, by

placing M equal to EI
d^tj
-r-^, and by making

two integrations to obtain an equation in

terms of x and y.
 .

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 69

The deflection of a beam at any given point

isobtained by substituting the particular value
of X in the equation of the elastic curve and
solving for y. The maximum deflection occurs
at the section for which

ax

(For particular cases, see Table of Beams.)

TABLE OF BEAMS.
Note. —
The equations for elastic curves
and the values of A apply only to beams of
uniform section.

Beams Supported at Both Ends and Uniformly

Loaded.

1 , w
V = Ri-wx.
M= Rix— - wx^
= -1 wLx —
7
1
- wx^,
til A
Moment
= - Wx — - wx^. Fig. 48.

24 Ely = w{-x^+2lx^- Px)

J/
= A when ^= i^'

384 EI 384 EI
at
<.
I-
70 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beam Supported at Both Ends and Loaded

with a Concentrated Load at Center of Span.

1
,
± , 7 = 721, or F = K2.
M^RiX, on the left of F,

= RiX-f(x-^, on
Shear
the right of F.

Moment
Fig. 49. EI^P- = \fx, on the left

of F.

48 Ely = F (4 x3 - 3 Px) , on the left of F.

48 El'

(For both uniform and concentrated loads,

combine the results for each.)

Beam Supported at Both Ends and Loaded with

a Concentrated Load Distant a from the Left
Support.

—"-^^
/22 = F-J?i = f(^).
I

V = Ru on the left of F,
= R2, on the right of F. Shear
ikf = J?ix, on the left of F,
= RiX — F (x — a), on
the right of F.
Moment
M, = .a(l-f) Fig. 50.

d^y
EI -7^,= Rix, on the left of F,

= RiX — F {x — a), on the right of F.

 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 71

For the curve on the left of F,

6EIy = F(l'-^)x^-F(2al-3a^+j]x.

The maximum deflection (A) occurs at the

section for which

V2al-a^
"^
and is A
~3EI\ 3 ) \ l)

Beam Supported at Both Ends and Loaded

with Several Concentrated Loads.

XF(l-a)
Bi =
I

R2 = — — = S F — Ri.
J

M = 22iX-y!*F(x-a).
The maximum moment (M^) occurs at

the section for which i^i — 2^F equals or

passes through zero.
For a system of movable loads the maxi-
mum moment will occur under one of the
loads, the loads being in such a position that
the center of the span is midway between the
center of gravity of all the loads and the section
at which the maximum moment occurs.
The maximum beam loaded
deflection of a
with several loads is the sima of the deflec-
tions produced by each load at the section
OB
72 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

at which the maximum deflection for the

entire system of loads occurs. The deflec-
tions produced by each load can be obtained

Moment
Fig. 51.

by means of the equation of the elastic curve

for a single load.

Cantilever Beam with Uniform Load.

722 = 0.
^ V = Ri — wx.

or if X is taken from
the free end,

M = - wx^.
Moment
Fig. 52.
 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 73 1
EI^ = lwl'^-wlx+lwx\
24 Ely = wx* - 4 wlx^ + 6 wPx^.
1 Wl^ '

8 EI

Cantilever Beam with Concentrated Load at

the Free End.

Moment
Fig. 53.

^2 = 0.
V = Ri.
M = F (l-x).

K7g = F(Z-x).
QEIy = ^Flx^-FxK
1 Fl^
^"^SEI'
and Unifonnly
*
Beam Fixed at Both Ends
Loaded.
1 1 ^
V-Ri—t^'
74 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

M= —Y^wP+ - wlx — 5 wx\

Mc= -^TWl^ = TTT
24
Wl.

EI-^^ = ikf 1+ -wlx-- wxK

Moment
Fig. 54.

dtf
By placing 3- = when x = and when x=l,
ax

24 Ely = w; (-Px^+2 Ix^ -x^).

384 JS;/ 384

Beam Fixed at Both Ends and Loaded at

the Center of the Span with a Concen-
trated Load.

V = Ru on the left of F,

= Rzt on the right of F.

 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 75

M=-IfI-\-Ifx,
o
on
Zi
the left of F,

on the right of F.

Moment
Fig. 55,

£;/ ^ = Mi+ i Fx, on the left of F,

on the right of F.

By placing ;r- = when x = and when x = ^*

cLx u

m^ = -\fi. m, = ^\fi. M,=M,=M„,.

48 Ely = 4 Fx3 - 3 Flx"^, on the left of F.

1 FV^
192 £/
 76 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beam Fixed at Both Ends and Loaded with

a Concentrated Load Distant a from the
Left Support.

Moment

K. = p(l-3|+22-:)

«.=
/^f(3-22).
F=i2i, on the left of F,
= Ri, on the right of F.
M = Mx-\-RiX, on the left of F,

= Mi-\-Rix-F {x-a),on the right of F.

^l ^ =.Mi+RiX, on the left of F.

6 Ely^'i Mix'^+Rix^ on the left of F.

 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 77

The maximum deflection (A) occurs at the

^. ^ '
2al
section for which x =
l-\-2a

2 ^102/2 4 RiaH^
A= + 3 EI (1+2 a)^
,

EI{l-\-2a)i '

Continuous Beam with Uniform Loads.

1^1= load per lineal unit on Zi.

W2 = losLd per lineal unit on I2, etc.

Tri = total load on Zi.

W2 = total load on I2, etc.

R2=V2a+V2t.

R =V

3a ^sr^4a \^Vn

Fig. 57.

For a continuous beam supported hut not fixed

theorem of three moments,
at the ends, use the
writing the equation for the first and second
spans, for the second and third spans, and so
on, to the end. Solve the simultaneous equa-
78 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
tions, thus obtained for the moments at the
supports. Then

T/ ^2,1 7

Mz-Mj 1

^3a=^2-'^'26, etc.

For equal spans with equal uniform load

over the entire beam, the ends of the beam
resting upon supports, the moment at any
support is KwP or KWl, and the vertical
shear is Nwl or NW, where and have the K N
values given in the following table. For
many practical calculations the moment at a
support one span from the end is assumed to

be — — Wit and for intermediate supports

-Wl.
12
For a continuous beam with fixed ends con-
sideran imaginary span to be added at each
end of the beam, with the free ends resting
upon supports. Then write the equation of
three moments for each two consecutive
spans, making Z = for the first and last spans,
and compute the moments at the supports as
shown above.

Continuous Beam with Concentrated Loads.

Determine the moments at the supports in

a similar manner to that employed for con-
tinuous beam with uniform load, employing
the equation of three moments for concen-
trated loads.
 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 79
'.'.'.'. <o
^
1 I I i «*»
u*
o mas
^ ;

OIOB
^^ [

o Hod tOfXt
H«
< He*

e«
c?
• •

cc
u
^ idoo ffilOO

H»
O o
© «s
0^

H «t-i
O
OS
O 0) '.
8*0
-^ mm
He* X o
09

» O
^ loloo
•^ HC1
u
o a>
1-1
^^ Hm IC4C0
«^ e«o

Hei cdoo Hoo «0|DD

-^ He* rim
o C-

8 O O o O o
fcT
*
^" o
o
o j

;:
^^ \ \
o ^
CO S
H o
^'
a
•
•
• o < «s
o

^" t o HS ^ HS
o
o 0)

1—1 ^" O Hoo

-g HS HS

^" o o o o o

No.
of Spans
fH d CO rH lA
80 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

STRUTS AND COLUMNS.

Euler's Formula.

Fig. 58.

^^^—
dx =

x=\/^.sin-iQ. o

2/ = a.sinf re
V^j.
Since y = a when x= -^ - V rTf must equal

l or f=^7f
F /r\2
-J
= 7r2j& (ill for round ends.

For one end round and the other end fixed,

4
replace I by ^l and tt by 2 x, which gives

A-r^vi)
3
For both ends fixed, replace I by — I and ir

by 3 TT, in the formula for round ends, which

gives

(9'
 m
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 81

Rankine's Formula. (Sometimes called

Gordon's Formula.)
^ 1-

Fig. 59.

From the formula for eccentric loads for

a symmetrical section (page 57), the maxi-
mum stress will be

where y is the distance from the neutral axis

to the extreme fiber.
But, I = Ar2, M = Fa and a = K —,
y
where K is

some constant depending upon character and

condition of the column. Hence

or
-l[^+-GT]-
L s
A
^+-U)
The following values of K are recommended
in the Civil Engineers' Pocket Book:*

Both One End Both

Fixed,
Material. Ends One End Round. Ends
Fixed.
Round.

Timber .... 1/3000 1.95/3000 3/3000

Cast Iron . . . 1/5000 1.95/5000 4/5000
Wrought Iron . 1/36000 1.95/36000 4/36000
Steel 1/25000 1.95/25000 4/25000

Ritter's Formula. Ritter's formula is the

same as Rankine's formula except that the

* American Civil Engineers' Pocket Book,

p. 307.
82 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

S
expression -^ is used for K, in which Sg is

the elastic limit of the material, and n is

9
equal to tt^ for round ends, j t^ for one end
round and one end fixed, and 4 tt^ for both
ends fixed.
The Straight Line Formula, The straight
line formula is

A r
where C a constant depending upon the
is

character and condition of the column.

Merriman gives the value of C in the above
equation to be
S \2
-Pi SnEj
which is obtained by making the straight line
a tangent to the curve for Euler's formula
passing through the point S for - = 0, the values
r
of n being those given for Ritter's formula.
Values of constants for the straight line
formula, as determined by T. H. Johnson, for
rupture, are given in the Civil Engineers*
Pocket Book* as follows:

Limit
Kind of Column. S. C.
l/r.

Wrought Iron:
Flat Ends .... 42,000 128 218
Hinged Ends . . 42,000 157 178
Round Ends . . 42,000 203 138
Structural Steel:
Flat Ends .... 52,500 179 195
Hinged Ends . . 52,500 220 159
Round Ends . . 52,500 284 123
Cast Iron:
Flat Ends .... 80,000 438 122
Hinged Ends . . 80,000 537 99
Round Ends . . 80,000 693 77
Oak, Flat Ends . . 5,400 28 128

* American Civil Engineers' Pocket Book,

p. 308.
 :

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 83

Some of the values of constants commonly-

used for designing steel columns, by the straight
line formula are as follows

Limit Author-
Member. 5. C.
l/r. ity.

R. R. Bridges:
Chords, L. L. . , 10,000 45 100 Cooper
Chords, D. L. . . 20,000 90 100 Cooper
Posts (Thru), L. L. 8,500 45 100 Cooper
Posts (Thru),D. L. 17,000 90 100 Cooper
Posts (Deck), L. L. 9,000 40 100 Cooper
Posts (Deck),D. L. 18,000 80 100 Cooper
Laterals (Wind) . 13,000 60 120 Cooper
Am. Ry.
Eng. and
Any Member . . 16,000t 70 *rioo,
ll20'
M. of W.
Highway Bridges: Assoc.
Struts *ri25 Ketchum
16,000 70 1150
Chords, L. L. 12,000 *ri25 Ketchum
. . 55 ll50
Chords, D. L. 24,000 110 *ri25 Ketchum
. . 1150
*ri25
Posts (Thru), L. L. 10,000 45 L150 Ketchum
*ri25
Posts (Thru), D.L. 20,000 .90 ll50 Ketchum
Posts (Deck), L. L. 11,000 40 *fl25
1150 Ketchum
Posts (Deck), D.L. 22,000 80 *fl25 Ketchum
ll50
Laterals, Wind 13,000 60 *ri25 Ketchum
. . Ll50
Girder Stiff eners. 12,000 55 Ketchum
Buildings:
Columns .... 16,000 70 ri25
ll60 Ketchum
Columns .... 16,000 70 [120
ll50 Chicago

For cast iron columns, for which - does not

r
exceed 70, the Chicago ordinance allows

10,000-60--
r

For timber columns, the formula is changed

to

l-(--l)
* Main members and laterals, respectively.

t Impact of live loads to be taken into account

300
by adding I = S - _ , in which >S = actual live
Li -\- 600
load, and L = length of bridge loaded.
<
84 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

in which S is the allowable compressive stress

along the grain, and d is the diameter. The
Chicago ordinance (Mr. Benj. E. Winslow'a

formula) uses ^^-r for C, for values of - not

oU a
greater than 30. Ketchum's Specifications for

Steel Frame Buildings gives C= jzr^ •

Eccentrically Loaded Columns. By adding

My
the bending stress —y- to Rankine's formula,

replacing M by Fe, and I by Ar^, the formula

becomes

^-^b^4^n
in which the constants are those given for
Rankine's formula, e is the eccentricity, and
y is the distance from the neutral axis to the
extreme fiber.
A more general formula for combining direct
and bending stresses is

A (xFP-
^ PE
in which M
is the apparent bending moment,

y the distance to the extreme fiber, / is the

is

moment of inertia, E is the modulus of elas-

ticity, and a and /3 are constants, fi/a being
9.6 for a simple beam uniformly loaded and 12
for a simple beam with a load at the center.
The following formula for steel struts, given
in Ketchum's Specifications for Steel Frame
Buildings, is a special case of the last formula.

S=
F ,
My
FP
10 E

* See "Apparent Combined Stresses," Mer-

riman's " Mechanics of Materials."
 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 85

TORSION.
Circular Sections.

Twisting moment, M — Fa.

Circular Sections

Fig. 60. Fig. 61

Resisting moment, M^ = S dAf where

J R
S is the shearing stress at the extreme fiber.

M = M^, or

M- Sh
R
where Iq is the polar moment of inertia.
I 1
For a solid round shaft -5 = ttR^, hence

M=lTrR^S, or S=^-^'
Non-Circular Sections. (Taken from Mer-
riman's "Mechanics of Materials.") For
non-circular sections the above formulae are
only approximate.
For an elliptical section whose major axis is
m and whose minor axis is n the maximum
stress is
16 Fa
S= ' or
-nmn^

irmn^S
M= 16
86 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

For a rectangular section whose long side is

m and whose short side is n, the maximum
stress is
^ 9 Fa
2 mn^
2

Transmission of Power. The horse-power

which is transmitted by a shaft is

_ 2^a'F'o>
550X12 '

where a = moment arm in inches,

CO = number of revolutions per sec.

But Fa = -~ , hence
H
000952 '^".
'^'^^^'
HP =
^•^- ^ =0"-"u^yo^
550X12 72 j^

ELLIPSOID OF STRESS.
For any point within a stressed body, the
upon any plane is propor-
resultant unit stress
tional to the radius vector of an ellipsoid.
The principal axes of the ellipsoid coincide
with the principal stresses, which stresses are
normal to the planes upon which they act.
For a plane not normal to a principal axis the
resultant stress is not normal to the plane.

IMPACT.*
Let W be the weight of the bar, P the weight
of the moving load, V the velocity of the
moving load just before impact occurs, h the
distance the weight falls before contact occurs,
S the static stress due to a force P, Si the
actual stress, e the deformation due to a static I

* See Merriman's "Mechanics of Materials."

 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 87

force P, the actual deformation, / the de-

e^

flection due to a static force P, /j the actual

deflection, and g =32.2.
For horizontal axial impact at the free end of
a bar, the other end being fixed.

Si =

and e,= y.^ , i^^'Af

3 P
1 W\
(^+rf)
2* p.

If the weight of the bar is small it may be

neglected, for which case
S'V
Si-
(e . ^) a

and

For vertical axial impact at the free end of a

bar, the other end being fixed,

1 W \h1
Si^'S 1+1 + 2_
e

in which h is the distance through which the

weight P falls before touching the end of
the bar.
Hence
+ l.E \i^
l
S, = S 1 + 1+2^
e
'+'2 p
and

= e 1+ 2h
e, i 1 +
 88 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

If the weight of the bar is small, as com-

pared with the moving load, it may be neg-
lected, for which case

and ..[i.(.^^)*].
If h becomes 0, then
0^ = 2 o,

and ei=2 e.

Vertical Transverse Impact. If a weight P

through a distance /i, striking a simple
falls

beam at the center of span, then

2h
l + lZ.Ex^
Si = S 1+ I 1 + ^"
^ [1+18 P
and

1 + iI.^
^35 P
/i=/ 1+11+?^'

If the weight of the beam is neglected, then

and /=/[i+(l + ?^^)*].

If, for the latter case, h becomes 0, then
Si = 2 S,
and /i = 2f.

REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Notation.
Let A = area, 6 = width of beam, 6' = width
of stem, c?= depth to center of steel, j&= modu-
lus of elasticity, / = unit stress, M = moment.

fe
 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 89

n = Eg-T- Ec' P =tota\ load, p = ratio of area of

longitudinal steel to area of section of member,
g = ratio of volume of circumferential steel to
volume of column, s= spacing, subscript (c)

refers to concrete, subscript (s) refers to steel,

i = thickness of u = unit bond stress,
flange,
F= total v=unit shearing stress, So =
shear,
sum of perimeters of bars, and other values are
as indicated in the figures or as specifically
stated.

Columns.
For columns with longitudinal steel only,

P=fcA[l+(n-l)p].
fa = nfn.
For columns with spiral and longitudinal steel,

the proper form of equation is not well estab-

lished. The ultimate unit load may be ex-
pected to be

^=fna-p)-^fsP + Kfs'Q,
in which fg is the yield point of longitudinal
steel, fg' is the yield point of the circumferential
steel, and K is a factor the value of which will
usually be between 1.0 and 1.5.

Beams.
For beams, in general,

fg = M^(Agjd).
f
^'~
— f"
n{l-k)'
jd = d — z.
v=V^{h'jd).
'« .'5

u=V^UdXo).
Per vertical stirrup,
P=Vs/jd,
Per stirrup at 45°,
Fig. 62.
P=0,7Vs/jd.
90 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
For rectangular beams,

k= ^2 pn-\-{pn)^ — pn.
z = kd-irS.
f, = 2M/jkbd^ = 2pfJk.
(For /^ = 16,000 and f, = 650, p = 0.0077.)

( j is approximately - •
j

For T-beams,
2ndA^-\-bt'^
kd =
2nAg+2bt'
(3kd-2t)t
{2kd-t)^

( For thin flanges z is often assumed - • )

For beams reinforced for compression.

Fig. 63.

/c= [2 n [p+p'
j^ +n2 (p+p')^]' -n (p+p').
^kM+2p'nd' U-^
A;2+2 p'n(^-l)
 — —
MECIL\NICS OF MATERIALS 91

Flat Slab Floors.

For flat slab floors the Chicago Department of

Buildings gives the following requirements.
Total minimum thickness of slab,

< = 0.023 LVw;,

12 L
and t shall not be less than for floors, or
o^
12 L
-— —- for roofs, where L is in feet, and w is the
40
total dead and live load in lb. per sq. ft.
The moment computed by the formula
is

aTFL2 for strip A, and /3TFL2 for strip B, being W

the total load perlin. ft. of strip, using for a for

two-way reinforcement,
15 A B A
at edge of an interior cap- —H ^A H
ital, —
oU
at the middle of an
I '
Si
Strip i
span, — at
7i I

interior the i t o «

edge of a wall capital, and *

^
'<
— — •^
I

<
\- t—>t / •
r
I

1 L_r_§kiP_A_T J
7-r at the middle of an end
25 Fig. 64.
span; for a for four- way

reinforcement the values are respectively —=,

15

—r, --, and tttt; for /3 for two-way reinforce-

40 12 od

ment, dz -^^ for

dO
interior panels, and ± 50 -^7: for

wall panels. Where the length of the panel

does not exceed the breadth by more than 5 per
cent thfe average is used as the L for a square
panel. For greater ratios, special rules are
given.
The diameter of the column capital must be
at least 0.225 L.
 HYDRAULICS.
NOTATION.
A = area in sq. ft., a = area in sq. in., D =
diameter in ft., = energy, F = force, /= fric- -£/

tion factor, = 32.2, A = head, /iy= friction head,

g'

/= moment of inertia, L = length in ft., M =

statical moment, P = total pressure, p = unit
pressure, 3= quantity in cu. ft. per sec, r =
hydraulic radius, s = slope, F = theoretical
velocity, d = actual velocity, iy = density of
water.

STATIC PRESSURE.
p = wh, in which for water at ordinary tem-
peratures w is 62.4 lb. per cu. ft. The density
of water for particular temperatures is shown
in Fig. 65.

~
^-1 ^ m " ~
, ** >^

ii^-It-X^'"
3fi2
g 0-4 - ^ - - s
s
Z.
^ s^
^
2 s^
ftfii _ __/ sx
•
i- 5^
a
pQ
« -
S
S
S
^Rfi. _ li,.

« 50 100 150 200

•^ Temperature deg^Tahr.
Fig. 65.

For h in feet,

p = 62.4 h lb. per sq. ft.

= 0.433 h lb. per sq. in.
or =
h 2.306 p, for p in lb. per sq. in.

P = pA
=
/ whdA,
I for any surface.

= whA, for a horizontal surface,

92
 —
HYDRAULICS 93

or =1 whA, for a rectangular surface with

one edge at the surface of the water
h being measured to the lower edge.
If p is the average unit pressure,
P^ = Pcoae = pAf,.
Ph = P sine = pAy,

CENTER OF PRESSURE.

2/^ = 7o^Mo
= Aro2 Ay, -r-

= 2/«+
Vc

Fig. 67.

WEIRS.
Rectangular Weirs.

Velocity of approach, hj, = --—'

g = cu. ft. per sec.
A general equation for discharge is

2 / 3

for which Hamilton

Smith's values of n
are 1.4 for con-
tracted weirs and 1|
for suppressed weirs.
Smith's values of C
for contracted weirs
'
^ are plotted in Fig. 69
and for suppressed weirs in Fig. 70.
Francis^ formula is

g = 3.33 [L-0.1 nh] Kh+K)^-h^^,

in which n is the number of end contractions.
 - 1

94 HYDRAULICS

Fteley and Steams' formula for suppressed

weirs is

g = 3.31 L (/i+l.S ;i^)i+0.007 L.

0.64 -

ttC 1

nt If
BI rt Rf; — iL
ft: ^

it- t
0.63
m
iffi « V
T
-^'y
fi^y
«V^ -

4AS iwU.Ol T- S .>^Z -- ^z

4lSS^ o -^--V i2 - zr
20.62 4£» - -'^ it . Zl
-D(^^ 2^ 4^ 7
si
ICa\^ aI ^ [5
'-X'^
7
c3 rn^^s^i ,
.^A RQ _
> l\^^o^Hh. \\
\^-^'' T~:z
^
0.61 ij\^^" ^--="--J V^^M 1 1

4 V S* -^ >^r
-U^ ^2^^N^
k-
-5^ ^^
I ^"^s i
^i. . 2b.>^^ ''V^J^"^ -

\p^^ V nI---
0.60 .... ^ TT ^N±_r. . _C .
1

O.Q 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 ( 1.6

'^
Head. Ti'in feet Head h in feet
Fig. 69. Fig. 70.
Contracted Weirs. No End Contraction.

Bazin^s formula for suppressed weirs is

I Trapezoidal Weirs.
Cippoletti^ s formula is
-b-
g = 3.367 L/i5-
Fig. 71.
Cippoletti Weir.

Triangular Weirs.

g=c--— tan oVJ^.h^.

15
For = 45°, and for an
average value of c, Fig. 72.
Triangular Weir,

Submerged Weirs.
The formula for submerged weirs given in
the American Civil Engineers' Pocket Book* is

* American Civil Engineers' Pocket Book,

page 854.
 HYDRAULICS 95

in which c is from 0.58 to 0.63 for a sharp crest.

1.0 J--k. 1

V,
i
s^
\
\>
o0.5 \
a
>

n
0.5 1.0
Ratio h-^h'
Fig. 73. Fig. 74.
Submerged Weir.
HerscheVs formula^ is

g = 3.33 L{nh)2,
in which n has values indicated in Fig. 74.

ORIFICES AND JETS.

Discharge.

V=y/2gh or ;i =
29

^ Yy////////,

Fig. 75. Fig. 76.

Standard Orifice. Standard Tube.
For a standard orifice,
u = from 0.97 V to 0.99 V.
A' = from 057 A to 0.62 A.
q = cA^2gh,
in which an average value of c is 0.61.

* Trans. Am. Soc. C. E., 1885, vol. XIV.

p. 194.
 96 HYDRAULICS

For a standard tube,

w = 0.82 7 = 0.82 V2^,

g= 0.82AV2^.
An inward projecting tube may reduce the
discharge to 0.5 A ^2gh, and a diverging or
compound tube will increase the discharge.

Force and Energy.

The energy of a jet discharging W lb. of water

is W -—
The force of a jet discharging lb. of water W
per second, and impinging at right angles to a
V
fixed plate, TF - •
is
g
The impulse exerted by a jet is equal to the
reaction. For a jet

^ deflected by a fixed
plate,

Fi = F2=TF-.
g
V.

B = 2Fisin|

= 2TF-sin^
g 2

The total component of force parallel to

Fi (Fig. 77) is

Fi-F2COsd=W-(l-cosd). I
g ^
i

For moving plates the force upon the plate is '

that which would be exerted upon a fixed plate

by a jet having a velocity equal to the relative
velocity of the given jet to the plate, and the ,'

work done can be computed from the forces

(impulse and reaction) and the velocity of the
plate. The velocity of the plate determines
the distance through which the force

r
acts.
 HYDRAULICS 97

Also, the energy given up by the jet may be

W
computed by the formula ^— (vi^ — V2^), in which
vi is the absolute velocity with which the jet
strikes the plate and Vo is the absolute velocity
of the jet leaving the plate.

FLOW IN PIPES.
Long Pipes.
Fanning^ s formula is

or .=
v = \l 2gDhf
g 4:fL '

0.014

Vel..in ft. per sec. Vel. in ft. per .sec..

Fig. 78. Fig. 79.

whence

or

Values of / for cast iron pipe are indicated in

Fig. 78.* (The formula for hf is frequently

* Plotted for average values given in Ameri-

can Civil Engineers* Pocket Book, pp. 845, 846.
98 HYDRAULICS

used m the form hf~f-^

•^
D2g—
— , in which case the

value of / is four times the value here used.)

Chezy's formula is

in which r is the hydraulic radius, which is equal

to D/4: for a pipe, s is the slope of the hydraulic
grade line or the friction head divided by the
length, and C is a coefficient, for which values
for cast iron pipes are indicated in Fig. 79.
The Chezy formula is used for flow in open
channels as well as for flow in pipes.
FlamanVs formulce are

V = 86.38 D^sT for new cast iron pipes,

V = 76.28 Z)7s7 for old cast iron pipes,

in which s is the same as for the Chezy formula.

Various Losses of Head.

The loss at entrance for a pipe is

in which Cy is the coeflScient of velocity.

For a square edge at the entrance, the loss

may be taken as 0.5 -— , or for an inward pro-

^ ff

jecting pipe it may be considered to be — •

The loss due to expan,sion at a point of sudden

enlargement is
, (^1-^2)^
•'
2 g
in which v^ is the velocity in the smaller section
and V2 is the velocity in the larger section.
Other losses of head occur at elbows, valves,
and sudden contractions. These are ordinarily
^2
stated in the form K Tr-t ^^^ which K is a coeffi-
2^
 HYDRAULICS 99

cient for the particular case. For practical

problems the equivalent length of pipe may
often be used.

Equivalent Pipe Length.

A convenient method of taking account of
losses of head at entrance, elbows, curves, and
fittings, and the head remaining as velocity

head { ^r-] is to add to the actual length of

pipe a length in which the friction loss would

be equivalent to the particular loss, using the
total equivalent length of pipe in computing
size or flow. The equivalent length of pipe

required to produce any loss,

v^
K ^r— ,
K
is -r~ times

the diameter, in which / is the friction factor

for Fanning's formula. For ordinary compu-
tations for iron pipe the following equivalent
lengths may be used:
For loss at entrance, 25 diameters,
For loss at an elbow, 10 diameters,

For loss at end,

(a- 50
(
----
) , diameters.

Bernoulli's Theorem.
Neglecting friction, P/w-{-v^/2 g-\-z is a con-
stant for all points along a given pipe, z
being the elevation of the point above a given
plane of reference.

FLOW IN CHANNELS.
Chezy's formula is

v= C^rs,
inwhich s is the slope, r is the hydraulic radius,
which is equal to the area of the cross-section
of the water divided by the length of the
wetted perimeter, C is a coefficient which de-
pends upon the roughness of the channel, and
V is the mean velocity.
ta
 100 HYDRAULICS

Kutter's formula for the value of C for use in

the Chezy formula is

1.811 .
,, ^^ 0.00281
,

-41.654
n
C=
0.00281
1 + ^(41.65
V 7- \

in which r and s are the same as given for the

Chezy formula, and n
110 A
1
t\^ is the coefficient of
^cSx
cs^ vf'csM^
'h
f.'/^ a, ^
roughness for which
120
- /m some of the values are
J^ as follows:
^-^
3fe
100
-fst
/
ri = 0.010 for neat
-iCV\
it f^L. cement,
O •

4
'Jy

C.^.'.-^^
-^
/- /' -.^ l~
n = 0.013
. .

^80 -,^i 'o.V for clean

//
'/ ^3 ^
brick and sew-
'/ -4^i
/ - J-^ ers,
// '
- U-S^''

T
1 -^7-%-
/ L n = 0.015 for unclean
/ , ^2 1

/ ^7 sewers,
40 '/
// 71 = 0.020 for new
if/ canals,
Ij

20 71 = 0.025 for ordi-

1 5 10
nary canals,
Hydr. Rad. in ft.

Fig. 80. ri = 0.035 for canals

Kutter's Coefficient. in bad condi-
tion.
Values of C for = 0.015 and 7i = 0.025
7i are
indicated in Fig. 80, for s = 0.01 and for s =
0.0001.
Bazin's formula for the value of C for use in
the Chezy formula is

157.6
C=
1.811 m
1 +
Vr
87
or C=
0.552 + ~
r
Vr
 HYDRAULICS 101

in which r is the hydraulic radius and w is a

coefficient of roughness for which some of the
values are:
m = 0.16 for planks or bricks,
m= 1.30 for ordinary canals,
m=1.75 for canals in bad condition.

The ratio of the mean velocity in a channel to

the maximum surface velocity is subject to a
considerable variation, its approximate value
being 0.8.
The ratio of the mean velocity for any vertical
section to the velocity at the mid-deptli is approxi-
mately 0.98.
For any vertical section, the velocity at 0.6
of the depth from the surface will be approxi-
mately the mean velocity for the section.
For any vertical section the mean velocity is
approximately 0.9 of the surface velocity.

HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE

The hydraulic grade line is the line connect-
ing the points to which water would rise in a
piezometer tube, if the tube were applied to
consecutive points throughout the length of a
pipe or conduit. The distance from the pipe
to the hydraulic grade line at any point is
the pressure head at the given point. The
slope of the hydraulic grade line is the hydrau-
lic gradient. The difference in elevation
between any two points on the hydraulic grade
line is the loss of head which exists between
the two corresponding points of the conduit.
p
 "^

TABLES
I. LOGARITHMS OF NUMBERS
II. LOGARITHMIC SINES AND CO-
SINES
I

I III. LOGARITHMIC TANGENTS AND

I
COTANGENTS
j
IV. NATURAL SINES AND COSINES
V. NATURAL TANGENTS AND COTAN-
GENTS
VI. CONVERSION FACTORS

103 .2

J
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
100 00000 00043 00087 00130 00173 43
1 0432 0475 0518 0561 0604 43
2 0860 0903 09^5 0988 1030 42
3 1284 1326 1368 1410 1452 42
4 1703 1745 1787 1828 1870 42
5 02119 02160 02202 02243 02284 41
6 2531 2572 2612 2653 2694 41
7 2U38 2979 3019 3060 3100 40
8 3342 3383 3423 3463 3503 40
9 3743 3782 3822 3862 3902 40
110 04139 04179 04218 04258 04297 39
1 4532 4571 4610 4650 4689 39
2 4922 4961 4999 5038 5077 39
3 5308 5346 5385 5423 5461 38
4 5690 5729 5767 5805 5843 38
5 06070 06108 06145 06183 06221 38
6 6446 6483 6521 6558 6595 37
7 6819 6856 6893 6930 6967 37
8 7188 7225 7262 7298 7335 37
9 7555 7591 7628 7664 7700 36
120 07918 07954 07990 08027 08063 36
1 8279 8314 8350 8386 8422 36
2 8636 8672 8707 8743 8778 35
3 8991 9026 9061 9096 9132 35
4 9342 9377 9412 9447 9482 35
6 09691 09726 09760 09795 09830 35
6 10037 10072 10106 10140 10175 34
7 0380 0415 0449 0483 0517 34
8 0721 0755 0789 0823 0857 34
9 1059 1093 1126 1160 1193 33
130 11394 11428 11461 11494 11528 33
1 1727 1760 1793 1826 1860 33
2 2057 2090 2123 2156 2189 33
3 2385 2418 2450 2483 2516 32
4 2710 2743 2775 2808 2840 32
5 13033 13066 13098 13130 13162 32
6 3354 3386 3418 3450 3481 32
7 3672 3704 3735 3767 3799 32
8 3988 4019 4051 4082 4114 31
9 4301 4333 4364 4395 4426 31
140 14613 14644 14675 14706 14737 31
1 4922 4953 4983 5014 5045 31
2 5229 5259 5290 5320 5351 30
3 5534 5564 5594 5625 5655 30
4 5836 5866 5897 6927 5957 30
5 16137 16167 16197 16227 16256 30
6 6435 6465 6495 6524 6554 30
7 6732 6761 6791 6820 6850 29
8 7026 7056 7085 7114 7143 29
9 7319 7348 7377 7406 7435 29
150 17609 17638 17667 17696 17725 29
1 7898 7926 7955 7984 8013 29
2 8184 8213 8241 8270 8298 28
3 8469 8498 8526 8554 8583 28
4 8752 8780 8808 8837 8865 28
5 19033 19061 19089 19117 19145 28
6 9312 9340 9368 9396 9424 28
7 9590 9618 9645 9673 9700 28
8 9806 9893 9921 9948 9976 27
9 201.40 20167 20194 20222 20249 27

101
OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
100 00217 00260 00303 00346 00389 43
1 0647 0689 0732 0775 0817 43
2 1072 1115 1157 1199 1242 42
3 1494 1536 1578 1620 1662 42
4 1912 1953 1995 2036 2078 42
5 02325 02366 02407 02449 02490 41
6 2735 2776 2816 2857 2898 41
7 3141 3181 3222 3262 3302 40
8 3543 3583 3623 3663 3703 40
9 3941 3981 4021 4060 4100 40
110 04336 04376 04415 04454 04493 39
1 4727 4766 4805 4844 4883 39
2 5115 5154 5192 5231 5269 39
3 5500 5538 5576 5614 5652 38
4 5881 5918 5956 5994 6032 38
5 06258 06296 06333 06371 06408 38
6 6633 6670 6707 6744 6781 37
7 7004 7041 7078 7115 7151 37
8 7372 7408 7445 7482 7518 37
9 7737 7773 7809 7846 7882 36
120 08099 08135 08171 08207 08243 36
1 8458 8493 8529 8565 8600 36
2 8814 8849 8884 8920 8955 35
3 9167 9202 9237 9272 9307 35
4 9517 9552 9587 9621 9656 35
5 09864 09899 09934 09968 10003 35
6 10209 10243 10278 10312 0346 34
7 0551 0585 0619 0653 0687 34
8 0890 0924 0958 0992 1025 34
9 1227 1261 1294 1327 1361 33
130 11561 11594 11628 11661 11694 33
1 1893 1926 1959 1992 2024 33
2 2222 2254 2287 2320 2352 33
3 2548 2581 2613 2646 2678 32
4 2872 2905 2937 2969 3001 32
5 13194 13226 13258 13290 13322 32
6 3513 3545 3577 3609 3640 32
7 3S30 3862 3893 3925 3956 32
8 4145 4176 4208 4239 4270 31
9 4457 4489 4520 4551 4582 31
140 14768 14799 14829 14860 14891 31
1 5076 5106 5137 5168 5198 31
2 5381 5412 5442 5473 5503 30
3 5685 5715 5745 5776 5806 30
4 5987 6017 6047 6077 6107 30
5 16286 16316 16346 16376 16406 30
6 6584 6613 6643 6673 6702 30
7 6879 6909 6938 6967 6997 29
8 7173 7202 7231 7260 7289 29
9 7464 7493 7522 7551 7580 29
150 17754 17782 17811 17840 17869 29
1 8041 8070 8099 8127 8156 29
2 8327 8355 8384 8412 8441 28
3 8611 8639 8667 8696 8724 28
4 8893 8921 8949 8977 9005 28
5 19173 19201 19229 19257 19285 28
6 9451 9479 9507 9535 9562 28
7 9728 9756 9783 9811 9838 28
8 20003 20030 20058 20085 20112 27
9 0276 0303 0330 0358 0385 27

105
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
160 20412 20439 20466 20493 20520 27
1 0683 0710 0737 0763 0790 27
2 0952 0978 1005 1032 1059 27
3 1219 1245 1272 1299 1325 26
4 1484 1511 1537 1564 1590 26
5 21748 21775 21801 21827 21854 26
6 2011 2037 2063 2089 2115 26
7 2272 2298 2324 2350 2376 26
8 2531 2557 2583 2608 2634 26
9 2789 2814 2840 2866 2891 26
170 23045 23070 23096 23121 23147 25
1 3300 3325 3350 3376 3401 25
2 3553 3578 3603 3629 3654 25
3 3805 3830 3855 3880 3905 25
4 4055 4080 4105 4130 4155 25
5 24304 24329 24353 24378 24403 25
6 4551 4576 4601 4625 4650 25
7 4797 4822 4846 4871 4895 24
8 5042 5066 5091 5115 5139 24
9 5285 5310 5334 5358 5382 24
180 25527 25551 25575 25600 25624 24
1 5768 5792 5816 5840 5864 24
2 6007 6031 6055 6079 6102 24
3 6245 6269 6293 6316 6340 24
4 6482 6505 6529 6553 6576 24
5 26717 26741 26764 26788 26811 23
6 6951 6975 6998 7021 7045 23
7 7184 7207 7231 7254 7277 23
8 7416 7439 7462 7485 7508 23
9 7646 7669 7692 7715 7738 23
190 27875 27898 27921 27944 27967 23
1 8103 8126 8149 8171 8194 23
2 8330 8353 8375 8398 8421 23
3 8556 8578 8601 8623 8646 22
4 8780 8803 8825 8847 8870 22
5 29003 29026 29048 29070 29092 22
6 9226 9248 9270 9292 9314 23
7 9447 9469 9491 9513 9535 22
8 9667 9688 9710 9732 9754 22
9 9885 9907 9929 9951 9973 22
200 30103 30125 30146 30168 30190 22
1 0320 0341 0363 0384 0406 22
2 0535 0557 0578 0600 0G21 21
3 0750 0771 0792 0814 0835 21
4 0963 0984 1006 1027 1048 21
5 31175 31197 31218 31239 31260 21
6 1387 1408 1429 1450 1471 21
7 1597 1618 1639 1660 1681 21
8 1806 1827 1848 1869 1890 21
9 2015 2035 2056 2077 2098 21
210 32222 32243 32263 32284 32305 21
1 2428 2449 2469 2490 2510 21
2 2634 2654 2675 2695 2715 20
3 2838 2858 2879 2899 2919 20
4 3041 3062 3082 3102 3122 20
5 33244 33264 33284 33304 33325 20
6 3445 3465 3486 3506 3526 20
7 3646 3666 3686 3706 3726 20
8 3846 3866 3885 3905 3925 20
9 4044 4064 4084 4104 4124 20

106
 1

OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
160 20548 20575 20602 20629 20656 27
1 0817 0844 0871 0898 0925 27
2 1085 1112 1139 1165 1192 27
3 1352 1378 1405 1431 1458 26
4 1617 1643 1669 1696 1722 26
5 21880 21906 21932 219.58 21985 26
6 2141 2167 2194 2220 2246 26
7 2401 2427 2453 2479 2505 26
8 2660 2686 2712 2737 2763 26
9 2917 2943 2968 2994 3019 26
170 23172 23198 23223 23249 23274 25
1 3426 3452 3477 3502 3528 25
2 3679 3704 3729 3754 3779 25
3 3930 3955 3980 4005 4030 25
4 4180 4204 4229 4254 4279 25
5 24428 24452 24477 24502 24527 25
6 4674 4699 4724 4748 4773 25
7 4920 4944 4969 4993 5018 24
8 5164 51&S 5212 5237 5261 24
9 5406 5431 5455 5479 5503 24
180 25W8 25672 25696 25720 25744 24
1 5888 5912 5935 5959 5983 24
2 6126 6150 6174 6198 6221 24
3 6364 6387 6411 6435 6458 24
4 6600 6623 6647 6670 6694 24
5 26834 26858 26881 26905 26928 23
6 7068 7091 7114 7138 7161 23
7 7300 7323 7346 7370 7393 23
8 7531 7554 7577 7600 7623 23
9 7761 7784 7807 7830 7852 23
190 27989 28012 28035 28058 2S0M 23
1 8217 8240 8262 8285 8307 23
2 8443 8466 8488 8511 8533 23
3 8668 8691 8713 8735 8758 22
4 8892 8914 8937 8959 8981 22
5 29115 29137 29159 29181 29203 22
6 9336 9358 9380 9403 9425 22
7 9557 9579 9601 9623 9645 22
8 9776 9798 9820 9842 9863 22
9 9994 30016 30038 30060 3008 22
200 30211 30233 30255 30276 30298 22
1 0428 0449 0471 0492 0514 22
2 0643 0664 0685 0707 0728 21
3 0856 0878 0899 0920 0942 21
4 1069 1091 1112 1133 1154 21
5 31281 31302 31323 31345 31366 21
6 1492 1513 1534 1555 1576 21
7 1702 1723 1744 1765 1785 21
8 1911 1931 1952 1973 1994 21
9 2118 2139 2160 2181 2201 21
210 32325 32346 32366 32387 32408 21
1 2531 2552 2572 2593 2613 21
2 2736 2756 2777 2797 2818 20
3 2940 2960 2980 3001 3021 20
4 3143 3163 3183 3203 3224 20
5 33345 33365 33385 33405 33425 20
6 3546 3566 3586 3606 3626 20
7 3746 3766 3786 3806 3826 20
8 3945 3965 3985 4005 4025 20
9 4143 4163 4183 4203 4223 20

lo:
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
230 34242 34262 34282 34301 34321 20
1 4439 4459 4479 4498 4518 20
2 4635 4655 4674 4694 4713 20
3 4830 4850 4869 4889 4908 19
4 5025 5044 5064 5083 5102 19
& 35218 35238 35257 35276 35295 19
6 5411 5430 5449 5468 5488 19
7 5603 5622 5641 5660 5679 19
8 5793 5813 5832 5851 5870 19
9 5984 6003 6021 6040 6059 19
230 36173 36192 36211 36229 36248 19
1 6361 6380 6399 6418 6436 19
2 6549 6568 6586 6605 6624 19
3 6736 6754 6773 6791 6810 19
4 6922 6940 6959 6977 6996 18
5 37107 37125 37144 37162 37181 18
6 7291 7310 7328 7346 7365 18
7 7475 7493 7511 7530 7548 18
8 7658 7676 7694 7712 7731 18
9 7840 7858 7876 7894 7912 18
240 38021 38039 38057 38075 38093 18
1 8202 8220 8238 8256 8274 18
2 8382 8399 8417 8435 8453 18
3 8561 8578 8596 8614 8632 18
4 8739 8757 8775 8792 8810 18
5 38917 38934 38952 38970 38987 18
6 9094 9111 9129 9146 9164 18
7 9270 9287 9305 9322 9340 18
8 9445 9463 9480 9498 9515 17
9 9620 9637 9655 9672 9690 17
250 39794 39811 39829 39846 39863 17
1 9967 9985 40002 40019 40037 17
2 40140 40157 0175 0192 0209 17
3 0312 0329 0346 0364 0381 17
4 0483 0500 0518 0535 0552 17
5 40654 40671 40688 40705 40722 17
6 0824 0841 0858 0875 0892 17
7 0993 1010 1027 1044 1061 17
8 1162 1179 1196 1212 1229 17
9 1330 1347 1363 1380 1397 17
260 41497 41514 41531 41547 41564 17
1 1664 1681 1697 1714 1731 17
2 1830 1847 1863 1880 1896 17
3 1996 2012 2029 2045 2062 16
4 2160 2177 2193 2210 2226 16
5 42325 42341 42357 42374 42390 16
6 2488 2504 2521 2537 2553 16
7 2651 2667 2684 2700 2716 16
8 2813 2830 2846 2862 2878 16
9 2975 2991 3008 3024 3040 16
270 43136 43152 43169 43185 43201 16
1 3297 3313 3329 3345 3361 16
2 3457 3473 3489 3505 3521 16
3 3616 3632 3648 3664 3680 16
4 3775 3791 3807 3823 3838 16
5 43933 43949 43965 43981 43996 16
6 4091 4107 4122 4138 41.54 16
7 4248 4264 4279 4295 4311 16
8 4404 4420 4436 4451 4467 16
9 4560 4576 4592 4607 4623 16

108
 OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
i 330 34341 34361 34380 34400 34420 20
1 4537 4557 4577 4596 4616 20
3 4733 4753 4772 4792 4811 30
3 4928 4947 4967 4986 5005 19
4 5122 5141 5160 5180 5199 19
5 35315 35334 35353 35372 35392 19
6 5507 5526 5545 5564 5583 19
7 5698 5717 5736 5755 5774 19
8 5889 5908 5927 5946 5965 19
9 6078 6097 6116 6135 6154 19
330 36267 36286 36305 36324 36342 19
1 6455 6474 6493 6511 6530 19
3 6642 6661 6680 6698 6717 19
3 6829 6847 6866 6884 6903 19
4 7014 7033 7051 7070 7088 18
5 37199 37218 37236 37254 37273 18
6 7383 7401 7420 7438 7457 18
7 7566 7585 7603 7621 7639 18
8 7749 7767 7785 7803 7822 18
9 7931 7949 7967 7985 8003 18
340 38112 38130 38148 38166 38184 18
1 8292 8310 8328 8346 8364 18
3 8471 8489 8507 8525 8543 18
3 8650 8668 8686 8703 8721 18
4 8828 8846 8863 8881 8899 18
5 39005 39023 89041 39058 39076 18
6 9182 9199 9217 9235 9252 18
7 9358 9375 9393 9410 9428 18
8 9533 9550 9568 9585 9602 17
9 9707 9724 9742 9759 9777 17
350 39881 39898 39915 39933 39950 17
1 40054 40071 40088 40106 40123 17
3 0226 0243 0261 0278 0295 17
3 0398 0415 0432 0449 0466 17
4 0569 0586 0603 0620 0637 17
5 40739 40756 40773 40790 40807 17
6 0909 0926 0943 0960 0976 17
7 1078 1095 1111 1128 1145 17
8 1246 1263 1280 1296 1313 17
9 1414 1430 1447 1464 1481 17
360 41581 41597 41614 41631 41647 17
1 1747 1764 1780 1797 1814 17
3 1913 1929 1946 1963 1979 17
3 2078 2095 2111 2127 2144 16
4 2243 2259 2275 2292 2308 16
5 42406 42423 42439 42455 42472 16
6 2570 2586 2602 2619 2635 16
7 2732 2749 2765 2781 2797 16
8 2894 2911 2927 2943 2959 16
9 3056 3072 3088 3104 3120 16
370 43217 43233 43249 43265 43281 16
1 3377 3393 3409 3425 3441 16
3 3537 3553 3569 3584 3600 16
3 3696 3712 3727 3743 3759 16
4 3854 3870 3886 3902 3917 16
5 44012 44028 44044 44059 44075 16
6 4170 4185 4201 4217 4232 16
7 4326 4342 4358 4373 4389 16
8 4483 4498 4514 4529 4545 16
9 4638 4654 4669 4685 4700 16

109
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
280 44716 44731 44747 44762 44778 16
1 4871 4886 4902 4917 4932 15
2 5025 5040 5056 5071 5086 15
3 5179 5194 5209 5225 5240 15
4 5332 5347 5362 5378 5393 15
5 45484 45500 45515 45530 45545 15
6 5637 5652 5667 5682 5697 15
7 5788 5803 5818 5834 5849 15
8 5939 5954 5969 5984 6000 15
9 6090 6105 6120 6135 6150 15
290 46240 46255 46270 46285 46300 15
1 6389 6404 6419 6434 6449 15
2 6538 6553 6568 6583 6598 15
3 6687 6702 6716 6731 6746 15
4 6835 6850 6864 6879 6894 15
5 46982 46997 47012 47026 47041 15
6 7129 7144 7159 7173 7188 15
7 7276 7290 7305 7319 7334 15
8 7422 7436 7451 7465 7480 15
9 7567 7582 7596 7611 7625 14
300 47712 47727 47741 47756 47770 14
1 7857 7871 7885 7900 7914 14
2 8001 8015 8029 8044 8058 14
3 8144 8159 8173 8187 8202 14
4 8287 8302 8316 8330 8344 14
5 48430 48444 48458 48473 48487 14
6 8572 8586 8601 8615 8629 14
7 8714 8728 8742 8756 8770 14
8 8855 8869 8883 8897 8911 14
9 8996 9010 9024 9038 9052 14
310 49136 49150 49164 49178 49192 14
1 9276 9290 9304 9318 9332 14
2 9415 9429 9443 9457 9471 14
3 9554 9568 9582 9596 9610 14
4 9693 9707 9721 9734 9748 14
5 49831 49845 49859 49872 49886 14
6 9969 9982 9996 50010 50024 14
7 50106 50120 50133 0147 0161 14
8 0243 0256 0270 0284 0297 14
9 0379 0393 0406 0420 0433 14
320 50515 50529 50542 50556 50569 14
1 0651 0664 0678 0691 0705 13
2 0786 0799 0813 0826 0840 13
3 0920 0934 0947 0961 0974 13
4 1055 1068 1081 1095 1108 13
5 51188 51202 51215 51228 51242 13
6 1322 1335 1348 1362 1375 13
7 1455 1468 1481 1495 1508 13
8 1587 1601 1614 1627 1640 13
9 1720 1733 1746 1759 1772 13
330 51851 51865 51878 51891 51904 13
1 1983 1996 2009 2022 2035 13
2 2114 2127 2140 2153 2166 13
3 2244 2257 2270 2284 2297 13
4 2375 2388 2401 2414 2427 13
5 52504 52517 52530 52543 52556 13
6 2634 2647 2060 2673 2686 13
7 2763 2776 2789 2802 2815 13
8 2892 2905 2917 2930 2943 13
9 3020 3033 3046 3058 3071 13

110
OF NUMBERS

5 6 7 8 9 D
280 44793 44809 44824 44840 44855 15
1 4948 4963 4979 4994 5010 15
2 5102 5117 5133 5148 5163 15
3 5255 5271 5286 5301 5317 15
4 5408 5423 5439 5454 5469 15
5 45561 45576 45591 45606 45621 15
6 5712 5728 5743 5758 5773 15
7 5864 5879 5894 5909 5924 15
8 6015 6030 6045 6060 6075 15
9 6165 6180 6195 6210 6225 15
390 46315 46330 46345 46359 46374 15
1 6464 6479 6494 6509 6523 15
2 6613 6627 6642 6657 6672 15
3 6761 6776 6790 6805 6820 15
4 6909 6923 6938 6953 6967 15
5 47056 47070 47085 47100 47114 15
6 7202 7217 7232 7246 7261 15
7 7349 7363 7378 7392 7407 15
8 7494 7509 7524 7538 7553 15
9 7640 7654 7669 7683 7698 14
300 47784 47799 47813 47828 47842 14
1 7929 7943 7958 7972 7986 14
2 8073 8087 8101 8116 8130 14
3 8216 8230 8244 8259 8273 14
4 8359 8373 8387 8401 8416 14
5 48501 48515 48530 48544 48558 14
6 8643 8657 8671 8686 8700 14
7 8785 8799 8813 8827 8841 14
8 8926 8940 8954 8968 8982 14
9 9066 9080 9094 9108 9122 14
310 49206 49220 49234 49248 49262 14
1 9346 9360 9374 9388 9402 14
2 9485 9499 9513 9527 9541 14
3 9624 9638 9651 9665 9679 14
4 9762 9776 9790 9803 9817 14
5 49900 49914 49927 49941 49955 14
6 50037 50051 50065 50079 50092 14
7 0174 0188 0202 0215 0229 14
8 0311 0325 0338 0352 0365 14
9 0447 0461 0474 0488 0501 14
330 50583 50596 50610 50623 60637 14
1 0718 0732 0745 0759 0772 13
3 0853 0866 0880 0893 0907 13
3 0987 1001 1014 1028 1041 13
4 1121 1135 1148 1162 1175 13
5 51255 51268 51282 51295 51308 13
6 1388 1402 1415 1428 1441 13
7 1521 1534 1548 1561 1574 13
8 1654 1667 1680 1693 1706 13
9 1786 1799 1812 1825 1838 13
330 51917 51930 51943 51957 51970 13
1 2048 2061 2075 2088 2101 13
3 2179 2192 2205 2218 2231 13
3 2310 2323 2336 2349 2362 13
4 2440 2453 2466 2479 2492 13
5 52569 52582 52595 52608 52621 13
6 2699 2711 2724 2737 2750 13
7 2827 2840 2853 2866 2879 13
8 2956 2969 2982 2994 3007 13
9 3084 3097 3110 3122 3135 13

111
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
340 53148 53161 53173 53186 53199 13
1 3275 3288 3301 3314 3326 13
2 3403 3415 3428 3441 3453 13
3 3529 3542 3555 3567 3580 13
4 3656 3668 3681 3694 3706 13
5 53782 53794 63807 53820 53832 13
6 3908 3920 3933 3945 3958 13
7 4033 4045 4058 4070 4083 13
8 4158 4170 4183 4195 4208 13
9 4283 4295 4307 4320 4332 13
360 54407 54419 54432 54444 54456 13
1 4531 4543 4555 4568 4580 13
3 4654 4667 4679 4691 4704 13
3 4777 4790 4802 4814 4827 13
4 4900 4913 4925 4937 4949 13
5 55023 55035 55047 55060 55072 13
6 5145 5157 5169 5182 5194 13
7 5267 5279 5291 5303 5315 13
8 5388 5400 5413 5425 5437 13
9 5509 5522 5534 5546 5558 13
360 55630 55642 55654 55666 55678 13
1 5751 5763 5775 5787 5799 13
2 5871 5883 5895 5907 5919 13
3 5991 6003 6015 6027 6038 13
4 6110 6122 6134 6146 6158 13
5 56229 56241 56253 56265 56277 13
6 6348 6360 6372 6384 6396 13
7 6467 6478 6490 6502 6514 13
8 6585 6597 6608 6620 6632 13
9 6703 6714 6726 6738 6750 13
370 56820 56832 56844 56855 56867 13
1 6937 6949 6961 6972 6984 13
3 7054 7066 7078 7089 7101 13
3 7171 7183 7194 7206 7217 13
4 7287 7299 7310 7322 7334 13
5 57403 57415 57426 57438 57449 13
6 7519 7530 7542 7553 7565 13
7 7634 7646 7657 7669 7680 11
8 7749 7761 7772 7784 7795 11
9 7864 7875 7887 7898 7910 11
380 57978 57990 58001 58013 58024 11
1 8092 8104 8115 8127 8138 11
2 8206 8218 8229 8240 8252 11
3 8320 8331 8343 8354 8365 11
4 8433 8444 8456 8467 8478 11
5 58546 58557 58569 58580 58591 11
6 8659 8670 8681 8692 8704 11
7 8771 8782 8794 8805 8816 11
8 8883 8894 8906 8917 8928 11
9 8995 9006 9017 9028 9040 11
390 59106 59118 59129 59140 59151 11
1 9218 9229 9240 9251 9262 11
2 9329 9340 9351 9362 9373 11
3 9439 9450 9461 9472 9483 11
4 9550 9561 9572 9583 9594 11
5 59660 59671 59682 59693 59704 11
6 9770 9780 9791 9802 9813 11
7 9879 9890 9901 9912 9923 11
8 9988 9999 60010 60021 60032 11
9 60097 60108 60119 60130 60141 11

112
OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
340 53212 53224 53237 53250 53263 13
1 3339 3352 3364 3377 3390 13
3 34G6 3479 3491 3504 3517 13
3 3593 3605 3618 3631 3643 13
4 3719 3732 3744 3757 3769 13
5 53845 53857 53870 53882 53895 13
6 3970 3983 3995 4008 4020 13
7 4095 4108 4120 4133 4145 12
8 4220 4233 4245 4258 4270 13
9 4345 4357 4370 4382 4394 13
350 54469 54481 54494 54506 54518 12
1 4593 4605 4617 4630 4642 13
2 4716 4728 4741 4753 4765 13
3 4839 4851 4864 4876 4888 13
4 4962 4974 4986 4998 5011 13
5 55084 55096 55108 65121 55133 13
6 5206 5218 5230 5242 5255 13
7 5328 5340 5352 5364 5376 13
8 5449 5461 5473 5485 5497 13
9 5570 5582 5594 5606 5618 13
360 55691 55703 55715 55727 55739 13
1 5811 5823 5835 5847 5859 13
2 5931 5943 5955 5967 5979 13
3 6050 6062 6074 6086 6098 13
4 6170 6182 6194 6205 6217 13
5 56289 56301 56312 56324 56336 13
6 6407 6419 6431 6443 6455 13
7 6526 6538 6549 6561 6573 13
8 6644 6656 6667 6679 6691 13
9 6761 6773 6785 6797 6808 13
370 56879 56891 56902 56914 56926 12
1 6996 7008 7019 7031 7043 12
2 7113 7124 7136 7148 7159 12
3 7229 7241 7252 7264 7276 12
4 7345 7357 7368 7380 7392 12
5 57461 57473 57484 57496 57507 12
6 7576 7588 7600 7611 7623 12
7 7692 7703 7715 7726 7738 11
8 7807 7818 7830 7841 7852 11
9 7921 7933 7944 7955 7967 11
380 58035 58047 58058 58070 58081 11
1 8149 8161 8172 8184 8195 11
2 8263 8274 8286 8297 8309 11
3 8377 8388 8399 8410 8422 11
4 8490 8501 8512 8524 8535 11
5 58602 58614 58625 58636 68647 11
6 8715 8726 8737 8749 8760 11
7 8827 8838 8850 8861 8872 11
8 8939 8950 8961 8973 8984 11
9 9051 9062 9073 9084 9095 11
390 59162 59173 59184 59195 59207 11
1 9273 9284 9295 9306 9318 11
2 9384 9395 9406 9417 9428 11
3 9494 9506 9517 9528 9539 11
4 9605 9616 9627 9638 9649 11
5 59715 59726 59737 59748 69759 11
6 9824 9835 9846 9857 9868 11
7 9934 9945 9956 9966 9977 11
8 60043 60054 60065 60076 60086 11
9 60152 60163 60173 60184 60195 11

113
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
400 60206 60217 60228 60239 60249 11
1 0314 0325 0336 0347 0358 11
3 0423 0433 0444 0455 0466 11
3 0531 0541 0552 0563 0574 11
4 0638 0649 0660 0670 0681 11
5 60746 60756 60767 60778 60788 11
6 0853 0863 0874 0885 0895 11
7 0959 0970 0981 0991 1002 11
8 1066 1077 1087 1098 1109 11
9 1172 1183 1194 1204 1215 11
410 61278 61289 61300 61310 61321 11
1 1384 1395 1405 1416 1426 11
2 1490 1500 1511 1521 1532 11
3 1595 1606 1616 1627 1637 10
4 1700 1711 1721 1731 1742 10
& 61805 61815 61826 61836 61847 10
6 1909 1920 1930 1941 1951 10
7 2014 2024 2034 2045 2055 10
8 2118 2128 2138 2149 2159 10
9 2221 2232 2242 2252 2263 10
430 62325 62335 62346 62356 62366 10
1 2428 2439 2449 2459 2469 10
2 2531 2542 2552 2562 2572 10
3 2634 2644 2655 2665 2675 10
4 2737 2747 2757 2767 2778 10
A 62839 62849 62859 62870 62880 10
6 2941 2951 2961 2972 2982 10
7 3043 3053 3063 3073 3083 10
8 3144 3155 3165 3175 3185 10
9 3246 3256 3266 3276 3286 10
430 63347 63357 63367 63377 63387 10
1 3448 3458 3468 3478 3488 10
2 3548 3558 3568 3579 3589 10
3 3649 3659 3669 3679 3689 10
4 3749 3759 3769 3779 3789 10
ff 63849 63859 63869 63879 63889 10
6 3949 3959 3969 3979 3988 10
7 4048 4058 4068 4078 4088 10
8 4147 4157 4167 4177 4187 10
9 4246 4256 4266 4276 4286 10
440 64345 64355 64365 64375 64385 10
1 4444 4454 4464 4473 4483 10
2 4542 4552 4562 4572 4582 10
3 4640 4650 4660 4670 4680 10
4 4738 4748 4758 4768 4777 10
5 64836 64846 64856 64865 64875 10
6 4933 4943 4953 4963 4972 10
7 5031 5040 5050 5060 5070 10
8 5128 5137 5147 5157 5167 10
9 5225 5234 5244 5254 5263 10
4«0 65321 65331 65341 65350 65360 10
1 5418 5427 5437 5447 5456 10
2 5514 5523 5533 5543 5552 10
3 5610 5619 5629 5639 5648 10
4 5706 5715 5725 5734 5744 10
5 65801 65811 65820 65830 65839 10
6 5896 5906 5916 5925 5935 10
7 5992 6001 6011 6020 6030 9
8 6087 6096 6106 6115 6124 9
9 6181 6191 6200 6210 6219 9

114
OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
400 60260 60271 60282 60293 60304 11
1 0369 0379 0390 0401 0412 11
2 0477 0487 0498 0509 0520 11
3 05S4 0595 0606 0617 0627 11
4 0692 0703 0713 0724 0735 11
5 60799 60810 60821 60831 60842 11
6 0906 0917 0927 0938 0949 11
7 1013 1023 1034 1045 1055 11
8 1119 1130 1140 1151 1162 11
9 1225 1236 1247 1257 1268 11
410 61331 61342 61352 61363 61374 11
1 1437 1448 1458 1469 1479 11
3 1542 1553 1563 1574 1584 11
3 1648 1658 1669 1679 1690 10
4 1752 1763 1773 1784 1794 10
5 61857 61868 61878 61888 61899 10
6 1962 1972 1982 1993 2003 10
7 2066 2076 2086 2097 2107 10
8 2170 2180 2190 2201 2211 10
9 2273 2284 2294 2304 2315 10
420 62377 62387 62397 62408 62418 10
1 2480 2490 2500 2511 2521 10
2 2583 2593 2603 2613 2624 10
3 2685 2696 2706 2716 2726 10
4 2788 2798 2808 2818 2829 10
5 62890 62900 62910 62921 62931 10
6 2992 3002 3012 3022 3033 10
7 3094 3104 3114 3124 3134 10
8 3195 3205 3215 3225 3236 10
9 3296 3300 3317 3327 3337 10
430 63397 63407 63417 63428 63438 10
1 3498 3508 3518 3528 3538 10
2 3599 3609 3619 3629 3639 10
3 3699 3709 3719 3729 3739 10
4 3799 3S09 3819 3829 3839 10
5 63899 63909 63919 63929 63939 10
6 3998 4008 4018 4028 4038 10
7 4098 4108 4118 4128 4137 10
8 4197 4207 4217 4227 4237 10
9 4296 4306 4316 4326 4335 10
440 64395 64404 64414 64424 64434 10
1 4493 4503 4513 4523 4532 10
2 4591 4601 4611 4621 4631 10
3 4689 4699 4709 4719 4729 10
4 4787 4797 4807 4816 4826 10
5 64885 64895 64904 64914 64924 10
6 4982 4992 5002 5011 5021 10
7 5079 5089 5099 5108 5118 10
8 5176 5186 5196 5205 5215 10
9 5273 5283 5292 5302 5312 10
450 65369 65379 65389 65398 65408 10
1 5466 5475 5485 5495 5504 10
2 5562 5571 6581 5591 5600 10
3 5658 5667 6677 5686 5696 10
4 5753 5763 5772 5782 5792 10
5 65849 65858 65868 65877 65887 10
6 5944 5954 5963 5973 5982 10
7 6039 6049 6058 6068 6077 9
8 6134 6143 6153 6162 6172 9
9 6229 6238 6247 6257 6266 9

115
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 3 3 4 D
460 66276 66285 66295 66304 66314 9
1 6370 6380 6389 6398 6408 9
2 6464 6474 6483 6492 6502 9
3 6558 6567 6577 6586 6596 9
4 6652 6661 6671 6680 6689 9
5 66745 66755 66764 66773 66783 9
6 6839 6848 6857 6867 6876 9
7 6932 6941 6950 6960 6969 9
8 7025 7034 7043 7052 7062 9
9 7117 7127 7136 7145 7154 9
470 67210 67219 67228 67237 67247 9
1 7302 7311 7321 7330 7339 9
2 7394 7403 7413 7422 7431 9
3 7486 7495 7504 7514 7523 9
4 7578 7587 7596 7605 7614 9
5 67669 67679 67688 67697 67706 9
6 7761 7770 7779 7788 7797 Q
7 7852 7861 7870 7879 7888 9
8 7943 7952 7961 7970 7979 9
9 8034 8043 8052 8061 8070 9
480 68124 68133 68142 68151 68160 9
1 8215 8224 8233 8242 8251 9
3 8305 8314 8323 8332 8341 9
3 8395 8404 8413 8422 8431
9
4 8485 8494 8502 8511 8520
9
5 68574 68583 68592 68601 68610
9
6 8664 8673 8681 8690 8699
9
7 8753 8762 8771 8780 8789
8 8842 8851 8860 8869 8878
9 8931 8940 8949 8958 8966 t
490 69020 69028 69037 69046 69055 9
1 9108 9117 9126 9135 9144 9
2 9197 9205 9214 9223 9232 9
3 9285 9294 9302 9311 9320 9
4 9373 9381 9390 9399 9408 9
6 69461 69469 69478 69487 69496 9
6 9548 9557 9566 9574 9583 9
7 9636 9644 9653 9662 9671 9
8 9723 9732 9740 9749 9758 9
9 9810 9819 9827 9836 9845 9
600 69897 69906 69914 69923 69932 9
1 9984 9992 70001 70010 70018 9
2 70070 70079 0088 0096 0105 9
3 0157 0165 0174 0183 0191 9
4 0243 0252 0260 0269 0278 9
5 70329 70338 70346 70355 70364 9
6 0415 0424 0432 0441 0449 9
7 0501 0509 0518 0526 0535 9
8 0586 0595 0603 0612 0621 9
9 0672 0680 0689 0697 0706 9
510 70757 70766 70774 70783 70791 8
1 0842 0851 0859 0868 0876 8
2 0927 0935 0944 0952 0961 8
3 1012 1020 1029 1037 1046 8
4 1096 1105 1113 1122 1130 8
71181 71189 71198 71206 71214 8
6 1265 1273 1282 1290 1299 8
7 1349 1357 1366 1374 1383 8
8 1433 1441 1450 1458 1466 8
9 1517 1525 1533 1542 1550 8

116
OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
460 66323 66332 66342 66351 66361 9
1 6417 6427 6436 6445 6455 9
2 6511 6521 6530 6539 6549 9
3 6605 6614 6624 6633 6642 9
4 6699 6708 6717 6727 6736 9
5 66792 66801 66811 66820 66829 9
6 6885 6894 6904 6913 6922 9
7 6978 6987 6997 7006 7015 9
8 7071 7080 7089 7099 7108 9
9 7164 7173 7182 7191 7201 9
470 67256 67265 67274 67284 67293 9
1 7348 7357 7367 7376 7385 9
2 7440 7449 7459 7468 7477 9
3 7532 7541 7550 7560 7569 9
4 7624 7633 7642 7651 7660 9
5 67715 67724 67733 67742 67752 9
6 7806 7815 7825 7834 7843 9
7 7897 7906 7916 7925 7934 9
8 7988 7997 8006 8015 8024 9
9 8079 8088 8097 8106 8115 9
480 68169 68178 68187 68196 68205 9
1 8260 8269 8278 8287 8296 9
2 8350 8359 8368 8377 8386 9
3 8440 8449 8458 8467 8476 9
4 8529 8538 8547 8556 8565 9
5 68619 68628 68637 68646 68655 9
6 8708 8717 8726 8735 8744 9
7 8797 8806 8815 8824 8833 9
8 8886 8895 8904 8913 8922 9
9 8975 8984 8993 9002 9011 9
490 69064 69073 69082 69090 69099 9
1 9152 9161 9170 9179 9188 9
2 9241 9249 9258 9267 9276 9
3 9329 9338 9346 9355 9364 9
4 9417 9425 9434 9443 9452 9
5 69504 69513 69522 69531 69539 9
6 9592 9601 9609 9618 9627 9
7 9679 9688 9697 9705 9714 9
8 9767 9775 9784 9793 9801 9
9 9854 9862 9871 9880 9888 9
500 69940 69949 69958 69966 69975 9
1 70027 70036 70044 70053 70062 9
2 0114 0122 0131 0140 0148 9
3 0200 0209 0217 0226 0234 9
4 0286 0295 0303 0312 0321 9
5 70372 70381 70389 70398 70406 9
6 0458 0467 0475 0484 0492 9
7 0544 0552 0561 0569 0578 9
8 0629 0638 0646 0655 0663 9
9 0714 0723 0731 0740 0749 9
510 70800 70808 70817 70825 70834 8
1 0885 0893 0902 0910 0919 8
2 0969 0978 0986 0995 1003 8
3 1054 1063 1071 1079 1088 8
4 1139 1147 1155 1164 1172 8
5 71223 71231 71240 71248 71257 8
6 1307 1315 1324 1332 1341 8
7 1391 1399 1408 1416 1425 8
8 1475 1483 1492 1500 1508 8
9 1559 1567 1575 1584 1592 8

117
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
520 71600 71609 71617 71625 71634 8
1 1684 1692 1700 1709 1717 8
2 1767 1775 1784 1792 1800 8
3 1850 1858 1867 1875 1883 8
4 1933 1941 1950 1958 1966 8
5 72016 72024 72032 72041 72049 8
6 2099 2107 2115 2123 2132 8
7 2181 2189 2198 2206 2214 8
8 2263 2272 2280 2288 2296 8
9 2346 2354 2362 2370 2378 8
630 72428 72436 72444 72452 72460 8
1 2509 2518 2526 2534 2542 8
2 2591 2599 2607 2616 2624 8
3 2673 2681 2689 2697 2705 8
4 2754 2762 2770 2779 2787 8
5 72835 72843 72852 72860 72868 8
6 2916 2925 2933 2941 2949 8
7 2997 3006 3014 3022 3030 8
8 3078 3086 3094 3102 3111 8
9 3159 3167 3175 3183 3191 8
540 73239 73247 73255 73263 73272 8
1 3320 3328 3336 3344 3352 8
2 3400 3408 3416 3424 3432 8
3 3480 3488 3496 3504 3512 8
4 3560 3568 3576 3584 3592 8
5 73640 73648 73656 73664 73672 8
6 3719 3727 3735 3743 3751 8
7 3799 3807 3815 3823 3830 8
8 3878 3886 3894 3902 3910 8
9 3957 3965 3973 3981 3989 8
550 74036 74044 74052 74060 74068 8
1 4115 4123 4131 4139 4147 8
2 4194 4202 4210 4218 4225 8
3 4273 4280 4288 4296 4304 8
4 4351 4359 4367 4374 4382 8
5 74429 74437 74445 74453 74461 8
6 4507 4515 4523 4531 4539 8
7 4586 4593 4601 4609 4617 8
8 4663 4671 4679 4687 4695 8
9 4741 4749 4757 4764 4772 8
560 74819 74827 74834 74842 74850 8
1 4896 4904 4912 4920 4927 8
2 4974 4981 4989 4997 6005 8
3 5051 5059 6066 6074 5082 8
4 5128 5136 6143 5151 6159 8
5 75205 75213 75220 75228 76236 8
6 5282 5289 5297 6305 6312 8
7 6358 6366 6374 5381 6389 8
8 5435 6442 6450 6458 6465 8
9 5511 6519 6526 6534 5542 8
570 75587 75595 76603 75610 75618 8
1 5664 5671 6679 5686 6694 8
2 6740 6747 5755 5762 6770 8
3 6815 6823 5831 5838 6846 8
4 6891 6899 6906 5914 5921 8
5 75967 75974 75982 75989 75997 8
6 6042 6050 6057 6065 6072 8
7 6118 6125 6133 6140 6148 8
8 6193 6200 6208 6215 6223 7
9 6268 6275 6283 6290 6298 7

118
OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
530 71642 71650 71659 71667 71675 8
1 1725 1734 1742 1750 1759 8
2 1809 1817 1825 1834 1842 8
3 1S92 1900 1908 1917 1925 8
4 1975 1983 1991 1999 2008 8
5 72057 72066 72074 72082 72090 8
6 2140 2148 2156 2165 2173 8
7 2222 2230 2239 2247 2255 8
8 2304 2313 2321 2329 2337 8
9 2387 2395 2403 2411 2419 8
530 72469 72477 72485 72493 72501 8
1 2550 2558 2567 2575 2583 8
3 2632 2640 2648 2656 2665 8
3 2713 2722 2730 2738 2746 8
4 2795 2803- 2811 2819 2827 8
5 72876 72884 72892 72900 72908 8
6 2957 2965 2973 2981 2989 8
7 303S 3046 3054 3062 3070 8
8 3119 3127 3135 3143 3151 8
9 3199 3207 3215 3223 3231 8
540 73280 73288 73296 73304 73312 8
1 3360 3368 3376 3384 3392 B
2 3440 3448 3456 3464 3472 B
3 3520 3528 3536 3544 3552 8
4 3600 3608 3616 3624 3632 8
5 73679 73687 73695 73703 73711 8
6 3759 3767 3775 3783 3791 8
7 3S38 3846 3854 3862 3870 8
8 3918 3926 3933 3941 3949 8
9 3997 4005 4013 4020 4028 8
550 74076 74084 74092 74099 74107 8
1 4155 4162 4170 4178 4186 8
2 4233 4241 4249 4257 4265 8
3 4312 4320 4327 4335 4343 8
4 4390 4398 4406 4414 4421 8
5 7446S 74476 74484 74492 74500 8
6 4547 4554 4562 4570 4578 8
7 4624 4632 4640 4648 4656 8
8 4702 4710 4718 4726 4733 8
9 4780 4788 4796 4803 4811 8
560 74858 74865 74873 74881 74889 8
1 4935 4943 4950 4958 4966 8
2 5012 5020 5028 5035 5043 8
3 5089 5097 5105 5113 5120 8
4 5166 5174 5182 5189 5197 8
5 75243 75251 75259 75266 75274 8
6 5320 5328 5335 5343 5351 8
7 5397 5404 5412 5420 5427 8
8 5473 5481 5488 5495 5504 8
9 5549 5557 5565 5572 5580 8
570 75626 75633 75641 75648 75656 8
1 5702 5709 5717 5724 5732 8
2 5778 5785 5793 5800 5808 8
3 5853 5861 5868 5876 5884 8
4 5929 5937 5944 5952 5959 8
5 76005 76012 76020 76027 76035 8
6 OOSO 6087 6095 6103 6110 8
7 6155 6163 6170 6178 6185 8
8 6230 6238 6245 6253 6260 7
9 6305 6313 6320 6328 6335 7

1X9
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
680 76343 76350 76358 76365 76373 7
1 6418 6425 6433 6440 6448 7
2 6492 6500 6507 6515 6522 7
3 6567 6574 6582 6589 6597 7
4 6641 6649 6656 6664 6671 7
5 76716 76723 76730 76738 76745 7
6 6790 6797 6805 6812 6819 7
7 6864 6871 6879 6886 6893 7
8 6938 6945 6953 6960 6967 7
9 7012 7019 7026 7034 7041 7
590 77085 77093 77100 77107 77115 7
1 7159 7166 7173 7181 7188 7
3 7232 7240 7247 7254 7262 7
3 7305 7313 7320 7327 7335 7
4 7379 7386 7393 7401 7408 7
5 77452 77459 77466 77474 77481 7
6 7525 7532 7539 7546 7554 7
7 7597 7605 7612 7619 7627 7
8 7670 7677 7685 7692 7699 7
9 7743 7750 7757 7764 7772 7
600 77815 77822 77830 77837 77844 7
1 7887 7895 7902 7909 7916 7
2 7960 7967 7974 7981 7988 7
3 8032 8039 8046 8053 8061 7
4 8104 8111 8118 8125 8132 7
5 78176 78183 78190 78197 78204 7
6 8247 8254 8262 8269 8276 7
7 8319 8326 8333 8340 8347 7
8 8390 8398 8405 8412 8419 7
9 8462 8469 8476 8483 8490 7
610 78533 78540 78547 78554 78561 7
1 8604 8611 8618 8625 8633 7
2 8675 8682 8689 8696 8704 7
3 8746 8753 8760 8767 8774 7
4 8817 8824 8831 8838 8845 7
6 78888 78895 78902 78909 78916 7
6 8958 8965 8972 8979 8986 7
7 9029 9036 9043 9050 9057 7
8 9099 9106 9113 9120 9127 7
9 9169 9176 9183 9190 9197 7
620 79239 79246 79253 79260 79207 7
1 930y 9316 9323 9330 9337 7
2 9379 9386 9393 9400 9407 7
3 9449 9456 9463 9470 9477 7
4 9518 9525 9532 9539 9546 7
5 79588 79595 79602 79609 79616 7
6 9657 9664 9671 9678 9685 7
7 9727 9734 9741 9748 9754 7
8 9796 9803 9810 9817 9824 7
9 9865 9872 9879 9886 9893 7
630 79934 79941 79948 79955 79902 7
1 80003 80010 80017 80024 80030 7
2 0072 0079 0085 0092 0099 7
3 0140 0147 0154 0161 0168 7
4 0209 0216 0223 0229 0236 7
5 80277 80284 80291 80298 80305 7
6 0346 0353 0359 0366 0373 7
7 0414 0421 0428 0434 0441 7
8 0482 0489 0496 0502 0509 7
9 0550 0557 0564 0570 0577 7

120
OF NUMBERS

N 6 6 7 8 9 D
680 76380 76388 76395 76403 76410 7
1 6455 6462 6470 6477 6485 7
2 6530 6537 6545 6552 6559 7
3 6604 6612 6619 6626 6634 7
4 6678 6686 6693 6701 6708 7
5 76753 76760 76768 76775 76782 7
6 6827 6834 6842 6849 6856 7
7 6901 6908 6916 6923 6930 7
8 6975 6982 6989 6997 7004 7
9 7048 7056 7063 7070 7078 7
690 77122 77129 77137 77144 77151 7
1 7195 7203 7210 7217 7225 7
2 7269 7276 7283 7291 7298 7
3 7342 7349 7357 7364 7371 7
4 7415 7422 7430 7437 7444 7
6 77488 77495 77503 77510 77517 7
6 7561 7568 7576 7583 7590 7
7 7634 7641 7648 7656 7663 7
8 7706 7714 7721 7728 7735 7
9 7779 7786 7793 7801 7808 7
600 77851 77859 77866 77873 77880 7
1 7924 7931 7938 7945 7952 7
2 7996 8003 8010 8017 8025 7
3 8068 8075 8082 8089 8097 7
4 8140 8147 8154 8161 8168 7
5 78211 78219 78226 78233 78240 7
6 8283 8290 8297 8305 8312 7
7 8355 8362 8369 8376 8383 7
8 8426 8433 8440 8447 8455 7
9 8497 8504 8512 8519 8526 7
610 78569 78576 78583 78590 78597 7
1 8640 8647 8654 8661 8668 7
2 8711 8718 8725 8732 8739 7
3 8781 8789 8796 8803 8810 7
4 8852 8859 8866 8873 8880 7
6 78923 78930 78937 78944 78951 7
6 8993 9000 9007 9014 9021 7
7 9064 9071 9078 9085 9092 7
8 9134 9141 9148 9155 9162 7
9 9204 9211 9218 9225 9232 7
620 79274 79281 79288 79295 79302 7
1 9344 9351 9358 9365 9372 7
2 9414 9421 9428 9435 9442 7
3 9484 9491 9498 9505 9511 7
4 9553 9560 9567 9574 9581 7
6 79623 79630 79637 79644 79650 7
6 9692 9699 9706 9713 9720 7
7 9761 9768 9775 9782 9789 7
8 9831 9837 9844 9851 9858 7
9 9900 9906 9913 9920 9927 7
630 79969 79975 79982 79989 79996 7
1 80037 80044 80051 80058 80065 7
2 0106 0113 0120 0127 0134 7
3 0175 0182 0188 0195 0202 7
4 0243 0250 0257 0264 0271 7
5 80312 80318 80325 80332 80339 7
6 0380 0387 0393 0400 0407 7
7 0448 0455 0462 0468 0475 7
8 0516 0523 0530 0536 0543 7
9 0584 0591 0598 0604 0611 7

121

J
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
640 80618 80625 80632 80638 80645 7
1 0686 0693 0699 0706 0713 7
2 0754 0760 0767 0774 0781 7
3 0821 0828 0835 0841 0848 7
4 0889 0895 0902 0909 0916 7
5 80956 80963 80969 80976 80983 7
6 1023 1030 1037 1043 1050 7
7 1090 1097 1104 1111 1117 7
8 1158 1164 1171 1178 1184 7
9 1224 1231 1238 1245 1251 7
650 81291 81298 81305 81311 81318 7
1 1358 1365 1371 1378 1385 7
2 1425 1431 1438 1445 1451 7
3 1491 1498 1505 1511 1518 7
4 1558 1564 1571 1578 1584 7
5 81624 81631 81637 81644 81651 7
6 1690 1697 1704 1710 1717 7
7 1757 1763 1770 1776 1783 7
8 1823 1829 1836 1842 1849 7
9 1889 1895 1902 1908 1915 7
660 81954 81961 81968 81974 81981 7
1 2020 2027 2033 2040 2046 7
2 2086 2092 2099 2105 2112 7
3 2151 2158 2164 2171 2178 7
4 2217 2223 2230 2236 2243 7
5 82282 82289 82295 82302 82308 7
6 2347 2354 2360 2367 2373 7
7 2413 2419 2426 2432 2439 6
8 2478 2484 2491 2497 2504 6
9 2543 2549 2556 2562 2569 6
670 82607 82614 82620 82627 82633 6
1 2672 2679 2685 2692 2698 6
2 2737 2743 2750 2756 2763 6
3 2802 2808 2814 2821 2827 6
4 2866 2872 2879 2885 2892 6
5 82930 82937 82943 82950 82956 6
6 2995 3001 3008 3014 3020 6
7 3059 3065 3072 3078 3085 6
8 3123 3129 3136 3142 3149 6
9 3187 3193 3200 3206 3213 6
680 83251 83257 83264 83270 83276 6
1 3315 3321 3327 3334 3340 6
2 3378 3385 3391 3398 3404 6
3 3442 3448 3455 3461 3467 6
4 3506 3512 3518 3525 3531 6
5 83569 83575 83582 83588 83594 6
6 3632 3639 3645 3651 3658 6
7 3696 3702 3708 3715 3721 6
8 3759 3765 3771 3778 3784 6
9 3822 3828 3835 3841 3847
690 83885 83891 83897 83904 83910 6
1 3948 3954 3960 3967 3973 G
2 4011 4017 4023 4029 4036 6
3 4073 4080 4086 4092 4098 6
4 4136 4142 4148 4155 4161 6
5 84198 84205 84211 84217 84223 6
6 4261 42G7 4273 4280 4286 6
7 4323 4330 4336 4342 4348 6
8 4386 4392 4398 4404 4410 6
9 4448 4454 4460 4460 4473 6

122
 OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
640 80652 80659 80665 80672 80679 7
1 0720 0726 0733 0740 0747 7
2 0787 0794 0801 0808 0814 7
3 0855 0862 0868 0875 0882 7
4 0922 0929 0936 0943 0949 7
5 80990 80996 81003 81010 81017 7
6 1057 1064 1070 1077 1084 7
7 1124 1131 1137 1144 1151 7
8 1191 1198 1204 1211 1218 7
1
9 1258 1265 1271 1278 1285 7
1

650 81325 81331 81338 81345 81351 7

1 1391 1398 1405 1411 1418 7
2 1458 1465 1471 1478 1485 7
3 1525 1531 1538 1544 1551 7
4 1591 1598 1604 1611 1617 7
5 81657 81664 81671 81677 81684 7
6 1723 1730 1737 1743 1750 7
7 1790 1796 1803 1809 1816 7
8 1856 1862 1869 1875 1882 7
9 1921 1928 1935 1941 1948 7
660 81987 81994 82000 82007 82014 7
1 2053 2060 2066 2073 2079 7
2 2119 2125 2132 2138 2145 7
3 2184 2191 2197 2204 2210 7
4 2249 2256 2263 2269 2276 7
5 82315 82321 82328 82334 82341 7
6 2380 2387 2393 2400 2406 7
7 2445 2452 2458 2465 2471 6
8 2510 2517 2523 2530 2536 6
9 2575 2582 2588 2595 2601 6
670 82640 82646 82653 82659 82666 6
1 2705 2711 2718 2724 2730 6
2 2769 2776 2782 2789 2795 6
3 2834 2840 2847 2853 2860 6
4 2898 2905 2911 2918 2924 6
5 82963 82969 82975 82982 82988 6
6 3027 3033 3040 3046 3052 6
7 3091 3097 3104 3110 3117 6
8 3155 3161 3168 3174 3181 6
9 3219 3225 3232 3238 3245 6
680 83283 83289 83296 83302 83308 6
1 3347 3353 3359 3366 3372 6
2 3410 3417 3423 3429 3436 6
3 3474 3480 3487 3493 3499 6
4 3537 3544 3550 3556 3563 6
5 83601 83607 83613 83620 83620 6
1
6 3664 3670 3677 3683 3689 6
7 3727 3734 3740 3746 3753 6
1 8 3790 3797 3803 3809 3816 6
9 3853 3860 3866 3872 3879 6
690 83916 83923 83929 83935 83942 6
1 3979 3985 3992 3998 4004 6
2 4042 4048 4055 4061 4067 6
3 4105 4111 4117 4123 4130 6
4 4167 4173 4180 4186 4192 6
5 84230 84236 84242 84248 84255 6
6 4292 4298 4305 4311 4317 6
7 4354 4361 4367 4373 4379 6
8 4417 4423 4429 4435 4442 6
9 4479 4485 4491 4497 4504 6

123
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
700 84510 84516 84522 84528 84535 6
1 4572 4578 4584 4590 4597 6
2 4634 4640 4646 4652 4658 6
3 4696 4702 4708 4714 4720 6
4 4757 4763 4770 4776 4782 6
5 84819 84825 84831 84837 84844 6
6 4880 4887 4893 4899 4905 6
7 4942 4948 4954 4960 4967 6
8 5003 5009 5016 5022 5028 6
9 5065 5071 5077 5083 5089 6
710 85126 85132 85138 85144 85150 6
1 5187 5193 5199 5205 5211 6
2 5248 5254 5260 5266 5272 6
3 5309 5315 5321 5327 5333 6
4 5370 5376 5382 5388 5394 6
5 85431 85437 85443 85449 85455 6
6 5491 5497 5503 5509 5516 6
7 5552 5558 5564 5570 5576 6
8 5612 5618 5625 5631 5637 6
9 5673 5679 5685 5691 5697 6
730 85733 85739 85745 85751 85757 6
1 5794 5800 5806 5812 5818 6
2 5854 5860 5866 5872 5878 6
3 5914 5920 5926 5932 5938 6
4 5974 5980 5986 5992 5998 6
5 86034 86040 86046 86052 86058 6
6 6094 6100 6106 6112 6118 6
7 6153 6159 6165 6171 6177 6
8 6213 6219 6225 6231 6237 6
9 6273 6279 6285 6291 6297 6
730 86332 86338 86344 86350 86356 6
1 6392 6398 6404 6410 6415 6
2 6451 6457 6463 6469 6475 6
3 6510 6516 6522 6528 6534 6
4 6570 6576 6581 6587 6593 6
5 86629 86635 86641 86646 86652 6
6 6688 6694 6700 6705 6711 6
7 6747 6753 6759 6764 6770 6
8 6806 6812 6817 6823 6829 6
9 6864 6870 6876 6882 6888 6
740 86923 86929 86935 86941 86947 6
1 6982 6988 6994 6999 7005 6
2 7040 7046 7052 7058 7064 6
3 7099 7105 7111 7116 7122 6
4 7157 7163 7169 7175 7181 6
5 87216 87221 87227 87233 87239 6
6 7274 7280 7286 7291 7297 6
7 7332 7338 7344 7349 7355 6
8 7390 7396 7402 7408 7413 6
9 7448 7454 7460 7466 7471 6
750 87506 87512 87518 87523 87529 6
1 7564 7570 7576 7581 7587 6
2 7622 7628 7633 7639 7645 6
3 7679 7685 7691 7697 7703 6
4 7737 7743 7749 7754 7760 6
5 87795 87800 87806 87812 87818 6
6 7852 7858 7864 7869 7875 6
7 7910 7915 7921 7927 7933 6
8 7967 7973 7978 7984 7990 6
9 8024 8030 8036 8041 8047 6

124
OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
700 84541 84547 64553 84559 84566 6
1 4603 4609 4615 4621 4628 6
2 4665 4671 4677 4683 4689 6
3 4726 4733 4739 4745 4751 6
4 4788 4794 4800 4807 4813 6
5 84850 84856 84862 84868 84874 6
G 4911 4917 4924 4930 4936 6
7 4973 4979 4985 4991 4997 6
8 5034 5040 5046 5052 5058 6
9 5095 5101 5107 5114 5120 6
710 85156 85163 85169 85175 85181 6
1 5217 5224 5230 5236 5242 6
2 5278 5285 5291 5297 5303 6
3 5339 5345 5352 5358 5364 6
4 5400 5406 5412 5418 5425 6
6 85461 85467 85473 85479 85485 6
6 5522 5528 5534 5540 5546 6
7 5582 5588 5594 5600 5606 6
8 5643 5649 5655 5661 5667 6
9 5703 5709 5715 5721 5727 6
730 85763 85769 85775 85781 85788 6
1 5824 5830 5836 5842 5848 6
2 5884 5890 5896 5902 5908 6
3 5944 5950 5956 5962 5968 6
4 6004 6010 6016 : 6022 6028 6
5 86064 86070 86076 86082 86088 6
6 6124 6130 6136 6141 6147 6
7 6183 6189 6195 6201 6207 6
8 6243 6249 6255 6261 6267 6
9 6303 6308 6314 6320 6326 6
730 86362 86368 86374 86380 86386 6
1 6421 6427 6433 6439 6445 6
2 6481 0487 6493 6499 6504 G
3 6540 6546 6552 6558 6564 6
4 6599 6605 6611 6617 6623 6
5 86658 86646 86670 86676 86682 6
6 6717 6723 6729 6735 6741 6
7 6776 6782 6788 6794 6800 6
8 6835 6841 6847 6853 6859 6
9 6894 6900 6906 6911 6917 6
740 86953 86958 86964 86970 86976 6
1 7011 7017 7023 7029 7035 6
2 7070 7075 7081 7087 7093
3 7128 7134 7140 7146 7151 6
4 7186 7192 7198 7204 7210 6
6 87245 87251 87256 87262 87268 6
6 7303 7309 7315 7320 7326 6
7 7361 7367 7373 7379 7384 6
8 7419 7425 7431 7437 7442 6
9 7477 7483 7489 7495 7500 6
750 87535 87541 87547 87552 87558 6
1 7593 7599 7004 7610 7616 6
2 7651 7656 7662 7668 7674 6
3 7708 7714 7720 7726 7731 6
4 7766 7772 7777 7783 7789 6
5 87823 87829 87835 87841 87846 6
6 7881 7887 7892 7898 7904 6
7 7938 7944 7950 7955 7961 6
8 7996 8001 8007 8013 8018 6
9 8053 8058 8064 8070 8076 6

125
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
760 88081 88087 88093 88098 88104 6
1 8138 8144 8150 8156 8101 6
2 8195 8201 8207 8213 8218 6
3 8252 8258 8264 8270 8275 6
4 8309 8315 8321 8326 8332 6
5 88366 88372 88377 88383 88389 6
6 8423 8429 8434 8440 8446 6
7 8480 8485 8491 8497 8502 6
8 8536 8542 8547 8553 8559 6
9 8593 8598 8604 8610 '
8615 6
770 88649 88655 88660 88666 88672 6
1 8705 8711 8717 8722 8728 6
2 8762 8767 8773 8779 8784 6
3 8818 8824 8829 8835 8840 6
4 8874 8880 8885 8891 8897 6
5 88930 88936 88941 88947 88953 6
6 8986 8992 8997 9003 9009 6
7 9042 9048 9053 9059 9064 6
8 9098 9104 9109 9115 9120 6
9 9154 9159 9165 9170 9176 6
780 89209 89215 89221 89226 89232 6
1 9265 9271 9276 9282 9287 6
2 9321 9326 9332 9337 9343 6
3 9376 9382 9387 9393 9398 6
4 9432 9437 9443 9448 9454 6
5 89487 89492 89498 89504 89509 6
6 9542 9548 9553 9559 9564 5
7 9597 9603 9609 9614 9620 5
8 9653 9658 9664 9669 9675 5
9 9708 9713 9719 9724 9730 5
790 89763 89768 89774 89779 89785 5
1 9818 9823 9829 9834 9840 5
2 9873 9878 9883 9889 9894 5
3 9927 9933 9938 9944 9949 5
4 9982 9988 9993 9998 90004 5
5 90037 90042 90048 90053 90059 5
6 0091 0097 0102 0108 0113 5
7 0146 0151 0157 0162 0168 5
8 0200 0206 0211 0217 0222 5
9 0255 0260 0266 0271 0276 5
800 90309 90314 90320 90325 90331 6
1 0363 0369 0374 0380 0385 5
2 0417 0423 0428 0434 0439 5
3 0472 0477 0482 0488 0493 5
4 0526 0531 0536 0542 0547 5
5 90580 90585 90590 90596 90601 5
6 0634 0639 0644 0650 0655 5
7 0687 0693 0698 0703 0709 5
8 0741 0747 0752 0757 0763 5
9 0795 0800 0806 0811 0816 5
810 90849 90854 90859 90865 90870 5
1 0902 0907 0913 0918 0924 5
2 0956 0961 0966 0972 0977 5
3 1009 1014 1020 1025 1030 5
4 1062 1068 1073 1078 1084 5
5 91116 91121 91126 91132 91137 5
6 1169 1174 1180 1185 1190 5
7 1222 1228 1233 1238 1243 5
8 1275 1281 1286 1291 1297 5
9 1328 1334 1339 1344 1350 6

126
OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
760 88110 88116 88121 88127 88133 6
1 8167 8173 8178 8184 8190 6
2 8224 8230 8235 8241 8247 6
3 8281 8287 8292 8298 8304 6
4 8338 8343 8349 8355 8360 6
5 88395 88400 88406 88412 88417 6
6 8451 8457 8463 8468 8474 6
7 8508 8513 8519 8525 8530 6
8 8564 8570 8576 8581 8587 6
9 8621 8627 8632 8638 8643 6
770 88677 88683 88689 88694 88700 6
1 8734 8739 8745 8750 8756 6
3 8790 8795 8801 8807 8812 6
3 8846 8852 8857 8863 8868 6
4 8902 8908 8913 8919 8925 6
5 88958 88964 88969 88975 88981 6
6 9014 9020 9025 9031 9037 6
7 9070 9076 9081 9087 9092 6
8 9126 9131 9137 9143 9148 6
9 9182 9187 9193 9198 9204 6
780 89237 89243 89248 89254 89260 6
1 9293 9298 9304 9310 9315 6
2 9348 9354 9360 9365 9371 6
3 9404 9409 9415 9421 9426 6
4 9459 9465 9470 9476 9481 6
5 89515 89520 89526 89531 89537 6
6 9570 9575 9581 9586 9592 5
7 9625 9631 9636 9642 9647 5
8 9680 9686 9691 9697 9702 5
9 9735 9741 9746 9752 9757 5
790 89790 89796 89801 89807 89812 5
1 9845 9851 9856 9862 9867 5
2 9900 0905 9911 9916 9922 5
3 9955 9960 9966 9971 9977 5
4 90009 90015 90020 90026 90031 5
5 90064 90069 90075 90080 90086 5
6 0119 0124 0129 0135 0140 5
7 0173 0179 0184 0189 0195 5
8 0227 0233 0238 0244 0249 5
9 0282 0287 0293 0298 0304 5
800 90336 90342 90347 90352 90358 5
1 0390 0396 0401 0407 0412 5
2 0445 0450 0455 0461 0466 5
3 0499 0504 0509 0515 0520 5
4 0553 0558 0563 0569 0574 5
5 90607 90612 90617 90623 90628 5
6 0660 0666 0671 0677 0682 5
7 0714 0720 0725 0730 0736 5
8 0768 0773 0779 07K4 0789 5
9 0822 0827 0832 0838 0843 5
810 90875 90881 90886 90891 90897 5
1 0929 0934 0940 0945 0950 5
2 0982 0988 0993 0998 1004 5
3 1036 1041 1046 1052 1057 5
4 1089 1094 1100 1105 1110 5
5 91142 91148 91153 91158 91164 5
6 1196 1201 1206 1212 1217 5
7 1249 1254 1259 1265 1270 5
8 1302 1307 1312 1318 1323 5
9 1355 1360 1365 1371 1376 S

127
 I. LOGARITHMS

1
^ 1 3 3 4 D
830 91381 91387 91392 91397 91403 6
1 1434 1440 1445 1450 1455 5
3 1487 1492 1498 1503 1508 5
3 1540 1545 1551 1556 1561 5
4 1593 1598 1603 1609 1614 5
5 91645 91651 91656 91661 91666 5
6 1698 1703 1709 1714 1719 5
7 1751 1756 1761 1766 1772 5
8 1803 1808 1814 1819 1824 5
9 1855 1861 1866 1871 1876 5
830 91908 91913 91918 91924 91929 5
1 1960 1965 1971 1976 1981 5
3 2012 2018 2023 2028 2033 5
3 2065 2070 2075 2080 2085 5
4 2117 2122 2127 2132 2137 5
5 92169 92174 92179 92184 92189 5
6 2221 2226 2231 2236 2241 5
7 2273 2278 2283 2288 2293 5
8 2324 2330 2335 2340 2345 5
9 2376 2381 2387 2392 2397 5
840 92428 92433 92438 92443 92449 5
1 2480 2485 2490 2495 2500 5
3 2531 2536 2542 2547 2552 5
3 2583 2588 2593 2598 2603 5
4 2634 2639 2645 2650 2655 5
6 92686 92691 92696 92701 92706 5
6 2737 2742 2747 2752 2758 5
7 2788 2793 2799 2804 2809 5
8 2840 2845 2850 2855 2860 5
9 2891 2896 2901 2906 2911 5
850 92942 92947 92952 92957 92962 6
1 2993 2998 3003 3008 3013 5
3 3044 3049 3054 3059 3064 5
3 3095 3100 3105 3110 3115 5
4 3146 3151 3156 3161 3166 5
5 93197 93202 93207 93212 93217 5
6 3247 3252 3258 3263 3268 5
7 3298 3303 3308 3313 3318 5
8 3349 3354 3359 3364 3369 5
9 3399 3404 3409 3414 3420 5
860 93450 93455 93460 93465 93470 5
1 3500 3505 3510 3515 3520 5
3 3551 3556 3561 3566 3571 5
3 3601 3606 3611 3616 3621 5
4 3651 3656 3661 3666 3671 5
5 93702 93707 93712 93717 93722 5
6 3752 3757 3762 3767 3772 5
7 3802 3807 3812 3817 3822 5
8 3852 3857 3862 3867 3872 5
9 3902 3907 3912 3917 3922 5
870 93952 93957 93962 93967 93972 5
1 4002 4007 4012 4017 4022 5
3 4052 4057 4062 4067 4072 5
3 4101 4106 4111 4116 4121 5
4 4151 4156 4161 4166 4171 5
6 94201 94206 94211 94216 94221 5
6 4250 4255 4260 4265 4270 5
7 4300 4305 4310 4315 4320 5
8 4349 4354 4359 4364 4369 5
9 4399 4404 4409 4414 4419 5

128
OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
830 91408 91413 91418 91424 91429 5
1 1461 1466 1471 1477 1482 5
3 1514 1519 1524 1529 1535 5
3 1566 1572 1577 1582 1587 5
4 1619 1624 1630 1635 1640 5
5 91672 91677 91682 91687 91693 5
6 1724 1730 1735 1740 1745 5
7 1777 1782 1787 1793 1798 5
8 1829 1834 1840 1845 1850 5
9 1882 1887 1892 1897 1903 5
830 91934 91939 91944 91950 91955 5
1 1986 1991 1997 2002 2007 5
3 2038 2044 2049 2054 2059 5
3 2091 2096 2101 2106 2111 5
4 2143 2148 2153 2158 2163 5
5 92195 92200 92205 92210 92215 5
6 2247 2252 2257 2262 2267 5
7 2298 2304 2309 2314 2319 5
8 2350 2355 2361 2366 2371 5
9 2402 2407 2412 2418 2423 5
840 92454 92459 92464 92469 92474 5
1 2505 2511 2516 2521 2526 5
3 2557 2562 2567 2572 2578 5
3 2609 2614 2619 2624 2629 5
4 2660 2665 2670 2675 2681 5
5 92711 92716 92722 92727 92732 5
6 2763 2768 2773 2778 2783 5
7 2814 2819 2824 2829 2834 5
8 2865 2870 2875 2881 2886 5
9 2916 2921 2927 2932 2937 5
850 92967 92973 92978 92983 92988 5
1 3018 3024 3029 3034 3039 5
3 3069 3075 3080 3085 3090 5
3 3120 3125 3131 3136 3141 5
4 3171 3176 3181 3186 3192 5
5 93222 93227 93232 93237 93242 5
6 3273 3278 3283 3288 3293 5
7 3323 3328 3334 3339 3344 5
8 3374 3379 3384 3389 3394 5
9 3425 3430 3435 3440 3445 5
860 93475 93480 93485 93490 93495 5
1 3526 3531 3536 3541 3546 5
3 3576 3581 3586 3591 3596 5
3 3626 3631 3636 3641 3646 5
4 3676 3682 3687 3692 3697 5
5 93727 93732 93737 93742 93747 5
6 3777 3782 3787 3792 3797 5
7 3827 3832 3837 3842 3847 5
8 3877 3882 3887 3892 3897 5
9 3927 3932 3937 3942 3947 5
870 93977 93982 93987 93992 93997 5
1 4027 4032 4037 4042 4047 5
3 4077 4082 4086 4091 4090 5
3 4126 4131 4136 4141 4146 5
4 4176 4181 4186 4191 4196 5
5 94226 94231 94236 94240 94245 5
6 4275 4280 4285 4290 4295 5
7 4325 4330 4335 4340 4345 5
8 4374 4379 4384 4389 4394 5
9 4424 4429 4433 4438 4443 5

129
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 2 3 4 D
880 94448 94453 94458 94463 94468 5
1 4498 4503 4507 4512 4517 5
2 4547 4552 4557 4562 4567 5
3 4596 4601 4606 4611 4616 5
4 4645 4650 4655 4660 4665 5
5 94694 94699 94704 94709 94714 5
6 4743 4748 4753 4758 4763 5
7 4792 4797 4802 4807 4812 5
8 4841 4846 4851 4856 4861 5
9 4890 4895 4900 4905 4910 5
890 94939 94944 94949 94954 94959 5
1 4988 4993 4998 5002 5007 5
2 5036 5041 5046 5051 5056 5
3 5085 5090 5095 5100 5105 5
4 5134 5139 5143 5148 5153 5
5 95182 95187 95192 95197 95202 5
6 5231 5236 5240 5245 5250 5
7 5279 5284 5289 5294 5299 5
8 5328 5332 5337 5342 5347 5
9 5376 5381 5386 5390 5395 5
900 95424 95429 95434 95439 95444 5
1 5472 5477 5482 5487 5492 5
2 5521 5525 5530 5535 5540 5
3 5569 5574 5578 5583 5588 5
4 5617 5622 5626 5631 5636 5
5 95665 95670 95674 95679 95684 5
6 5713 5718 5722 5727 5732 5
7 5761 5766 5770 5775 5780 5
8 5809 5813 5818 5823 5828 5
9 5856 5861 5866 5871 5875 5
910 95904 95909 95914 95918 95923 5
1 5952 5957 5961 5966 5971 5
2 5999 6004 6009 6014 6019 5
3 6047 6052 6057 6061 6066 5
4 6095 6099 6104 6109 6114 5
5 96142 96147 96152 96156 96161 5
6 6190 6194 6199 6204 6209 5
7 6237 6242 6246 6251 6256 5
8 6284 6289 6294 6298 6303 5
9 6332 6336 6341 6346 6350 5
920 96379 96384 96388 96393 96398 5
1 6426 6431 6435 6440 6445 5
2 6473 6478 6483 6487 6492 5
3 6520 6525 6530 6534 6539 5
4 6567 6572 6577 6581 6586 5
5 96614 96619 96624 96628 96633 5
6 6661 6666 6670 6675 6680 5
7 6708 6713 6717 6722 6727 5
8 6755 6759 6764 6769 6774 5
9 6802 6806 6811 6816 6820 5
930 96848 96853 96858 96862 96867 5
1 6895 6900 6904 6909 6914 5
2 6942 6946 6951 6956 6960 5
3 6988 6993 6997 7002 7007 5
4 7035 7039 7044 7049 7053 5
5 97081 97086 97090 97095 97100 5
6 7128 7132 7137 7142 7146 5
7 7174 7179 7183 7188 7192 5
8 7220 7225 7230 7234 7239 5
.-9L 7267 7271 7276 7280 7285 -1
130

fe
OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
880 94473 94478 94483 94488 94493 5
1 4522 4527 4532 4537 4542 5
2 4571 4576 4581 4586 4591 5
3 4621 4626 4630 4635 4640 5
4 4670 4675 4680 4685 4689 5
5 94719 94724 94729 94734 94738 5
6 4768 4773 4778 4783 4787 5
7 4817 4822 4827 4832 4836 5
8 4866 4871 4876 4880 4885 5
9 4915 4919 4924 4929 4934 5
890 94963 94968 94973 94978 94983 5
1 5012 5017 5022 5027 5032 5
2 5061 5066 5071 5075 5080 5
3 5109 5114 5119 5124 5129 5
4 5158 5163 5168 5173 5177 5
5 95207 95211 95216 95221 95226 5
6 5255 5260 5265 5270 5274 5
7 5303 5308 5313 5318 5323 5
8 5352 5357 5361 5366 5371 5
9 5400 5405 5410 5415 5419 5
900 95448 95453 95458 95463 95468 5
1 5497 5501 5506 5511 5516 5
2 5545 5550 5554 5559 6564 5
3 5593 5598 5602 5607 5612 5
4 5641 5646 5650 5655 5660 5
5 95689 95694 95698 95703 95708 5
6 5737 5742 5746 5751 5756 5
7 5785 5789 5794 5799 5804 5
8 5832 5837 5842 5847 5852 5
9 5880 5885 5890 5895 5899 5
910 95928 95933 95938 95942 95947 5
1 5976 5980 5985 5990 5995 5
2 6023 6028 6033 6038 6042 5
3 6071 6076 6080 6085 6090 5
4 6118 6123 6128 6133 6137 5
5 96166 96171 96175 96180 96185 5
G 6213 6218 6223 6227 6232 5
7 6261 6265 6270 6275 6280 5
8 6308 6313 6317 6322 6327 5
9 6355 6360 6365 6369 6374 5
920 96402 96407 96412 96417 96421 5
1 6450 6454 6459 6464 6468 5
2 6497 6501 6506 6511 6515 5
3 6544 6548 6553 6558 6562 5
4 6591 6595 6600 6605 6609 5
5 96638 96642 96647 96652 96656 5
6 6685 6689 6694 6699 6703 5
7 6731 6736 6741 6745 6750 5
8 6778 6783 6788 6792 6797 5
9 6825 6830 6834 6839 6844 5
930 96872 96876 96881 96886 96890 5
1 6918 6923 6928 4932 6937 5
2 6965 6970 6974 6979 6984 5
3 7011 7016 7021 7025 7030 5
4 7058 7063 7067 7072 7077 5
5 97104 97109 97114 97118 97123 5
6 7151 7155 7160 7165 7169 5
7 7197 7202 7206 7211 7216 5
8 7243 7248 7253 7257 7262 5
9 7290 7294 7299 7304 7308 5

131
 I. LOGARITHMS

N 1 3 3 4 D
~~5
940 97313 97317 97322 97327 97331
1 7359 7364 7368 7373 7377 5
2 7405 7410 7414 7419 7424 5
3 7451 7456 7460 7465 7470 5
4 7497 7502 7506 7511 7516 5
5 97543 97548 97552 97557 97562 5
6 7589 7594 7598 7603 7607 5
7 7635 7640 7644 7649 7653 5
8 7681 7685 7690 7695 7699 5
9 7727 7731 7736 7740 7745 5
950 97772 97777 97782 97786 97791 5
1 7818 7823 7827 7832 7836 5
2 7864 7868 7873 7877 7882 5
3 7909 7914 7918 7923 7928 5
4 7955 7959 7964 7968 7973 5
5 98000 98005 98000 98014 98019 5
6 8046 8050 8055 8059 8064 5
7 8091 8096 8100 8105 8109 5
8 8137 8141 8146 8150 8155 5
9 8182 8186 8191 8195 8200 5
960 98227 98232 98236 98241 98245 5
1 8272 8277 8281 8286 8290 5
2 8318 8322 8327 8331 8336 4
3 8363 8367 8372 8376 8381 4
4 8408 8412 8417 8421 8426 4
5 98453 98457 98462 98466 98471 4
6 8498 8502 8507 8511 8516 4
7 8543 8547 8552 8556 8561 4
8 8588 8592 8597 8601 8605 4
9 8632 8637 8641 8646 8650 4
970 98677 98682 98686 98691 98695 4
1 8722 8726 8731 8735 8740 4
2 8767 8771 8776 8780 8784 4
3 8811 8816 8820 8825 8829 4
4 8856 8860 8865 8869 8874 4
5 98900 98905 98909 98914 98918 4
6 8945 8949 8954 8958 8963 4
7 8989 8994 8998 9003 9007 4
8 9034 9038 9043 9047 9052 4
9 9078 9083 9087 9092 9096 4
980 99123 99127 99131 99136 99140 4
1 9167 9171 9176 9180 9185 4
2 9211 9216 9220 9224 9229 4
3 9255 9260 9264 9269 9273 4
4 9300 9304 9308 9313 9317 4
5 99344 99348 99352 99357 99361 4
6 9388 9392 9396 9401 9405 4
7 9432 9436 9441 9445 9449 4
8 9476 9480 9484 9489 9493 4
9 9520 9524 9528 9533 9537 4
990 99564 99568 99572 99577 99581 4
1 9607 9612 9616 9621 9625 4
2 9651 9656 9660 9664 9669 4
3 9695 9699 9704 9708 9712 4
4 9739 9743 9747 9752 9756 4
5 99782 99787 99791 99795 99800 4
6 9826 9830 9835 9839 9843 4
7 9870 9874 9878 9883 98S7 4
8 9913 9917 9922 9926 9930 4
9 9957 9961 9965 9970 9974 4
1000 00000 00004 00009 00013 00017 4

132
 1

OF NUMBERS

N 5 6 7 8 9 D
~5
940 97336 97340 97345 97350 97354
1 7382 7387 .739 7396 7400 5
2 7428 7433 7437 7442 7447 5
3 7474 7479 7483 7488 7493 5
4 7520 7525 7529 7534 7539 5
5 97566 97571 97575 97580 97585 5
6 7612 7617 7621 7626 7630 5
7 7658 7663 7667 7672 7676 5
8 7704 7708 7713 7717 7722 5
9 7749 7754 7759 7763 7768 5
950 97795 97800 97804 97809 97813 5
1 7841 7845 7850 7855 7859 5
2 7886 7891 7896 7900 7905 5
3 7932 7937 7941 7946 7950 5
4 7978 7982 7987 7991 7996 5
5 98023 98028 98032 98037 98041 5
6 8008 8073 8078 8082 8087 5
7 8114 8118 8123 8127 8132 5
8 8159 8164 8168 8173 8177 5
9 8204 8209 8214 8218 8223 5
960 98250 98254 98259 98263 98268 5
1 8295 8299 8304 8308 8313 5
2 8340 8345 8349 8354 8358 4
3 8385 8390 8394 8399 8403 4
4 8430 8435 8439 8444 8448 4
5 98475 984S0 98484 98489 98493 4
6 8520 8525 8529 8534 8538 4
7 8565 8570 8574 8579 8583 4
8 8610 8614 8619 8623 8628 4
9 8655 8659 8664 8668 8673 4
970 98700 98704 98709 98713 98717 4
1 8744 8749 8753 8758 8762 4
2 8789 8793 8798 8802 8807 4
3 8834 8838 8843 8847 8851 4
4 8878 8883 8887 8892 8896 4
5 98923 98927 98932 98936 98941 4
6 8967 8972 8976 8981 8985 4
7 9012 9016 9021 9025 9029 4
8 9056 9001 9065 9069 9074 4
9 9100 9105 9109 9114 9118 4
980 99145 99149 99154 99158 99162 4
1 9189 9193 9198 9202 9207 4
2 9233 9238 9242 9247 9251 4
3 9277 9282 9286 9291 9295 4
4 9322 9326 9330 9335 9339 4
5 99366 99370 99374 99379 99383 4
6 9410 9414 9419 9423 9427 4
7 9454 9458 9463 9467 9471 4
8 9498 9502 9506 9511 9515 4
9 9542 9546 9550 9555 9559 4
990 99585 99590 99594 99599 99603 4
1 9629 9634 9638 9642 9647 4
2 9673 9677 9682 9686 9691 4
3 9717 9721 9726 9730 9734 4
4 9760 9765 9769 9774 9778 4
5 99804 99808 99813 99817 99822 4
6 9848 9852 9856 9861 9865 4
7 9891 9896 9900 9904 9909 4
8 9935 9939 9944 9948 9952 4
9 9978 ^9983 9987 9991 9996 4
1000 00022 00026 00030 00035 00039 4

133
/
11. LOGARITHMIC
179° 178° 177° 176° 175°
Sin 0° 1° 2° 3° 4°
(y — 00 8.24186 8.54282 8.71880 8.84358
1 6.46373 24903 54642 72120 84539
2 76476 25609 54999 72359 84718
3 94085 2G304 55354 72597 84897
4 7.06579 26988 55705 72834 85075
5 7.16270 8.27661 8.56054 8.73069 8.85252
6 24188 28324 56400 73303 85429
7 80882 28977 56743 73535 85605
8 36682 29621 57084 73767 85780
9 41797 30255 57421 73997 85955
10 7.46373 8.30879 8.57757 8.74226 8.86128
11 50512 31495 58089 74454 86301
12 54291 32103 58419 74680 86474
13 57767 32702 58747 74906 86645
14 60985 33292 59072 75130 86816
15 7.63982 8.33875 8.59395 8.75353 8.86987
16 66784 34450 59715 75575 87156
17 69417 35018 60033 75795 87325
18 71900 35578 60349 76015 87494
19 74248 36131 60662 76234 87661
20 7.76475 8.36678 8.60973 8.76451 8.87829
21 78594 37217 61282 76667 87995
22 80615 37750 61589 76883 88161
23 82545 38276 61894 77097 88326
24 84393 38796 62196 77310 88490
25 7.86166 8.39310 8.62497 8.77522 8.88654
26 87870 39818 62795 77733 88817
27 89509 40320 63091 77943 88980
28 91088 40816 63385 78152 89142
29 92612 41307 63678 78369 89304
30 7.94084 8.41792 8.63968 8.78568 8.89464
31 95508 42272 64256 78774 89625
32 96887 42746 64543 78979 89784
33 98223 43216 64827 79183 89943
34 99520 43680 65110 79386 90102
35 8.00779 8.44139 8.65391 8.79588 8.90260
36 02002 44594 65670 79789 90417
37 03192 45044 65947 79990 90574
38 04350 45489 66223 80189 90730
39 05478 45930 66497 80388 90885
40 8.06578 8.46366 8.66769 8.80585 8.91040
41 07650 46799 67039 80782 91195
42 08696 47226 67308 80978 91349
43 09718 47650 67575 81173 91502
44 10717 48069 67841 81367 91655
45 8.11693 8.48485 8.68104 8.81560 8.91807
46 12647 48896 68367 81752 91959
47 13581 49304 68627 81944 92110
48 14495 49708 68886 82134 92261
49 15391 50108 69144 82324 92411
50 8. 16268 8.50504 8.69400 8.82513 8.92561
51 17128 50897 69654 82701 92710
52 17971 51287 69907 82888 92859
53 18798 51673 70159 83075 93007
54 19610 52055 70409 83261 93154
55 8.20407 8.52434 8.70658 8.83446 8.93301
56 21189 52810 70905 83630 93448
57 21958 53183 71151 83813 93594
58 22713 53552 71395 83996 93740
59 23456 53919 71638 84177 93SS5
60 8.24186 8.54282 8. 718S0 8.84358 8.94030
89° 88° 87° 86° 85°
Cos 90° 1
91° 92° 93° 94°

134
SINES AND COSINES
174° 17.3° 172° 171° 170° Sin
6° 6° 7° 8° 9°
8.94030 9.01923 9.08589 9.14356 9.19433 60'
94174 02043 08692 14445 19513 59
94317 02163 08795 14535 19592 58
94461 02283 08897 14624 19672 57
94603 02402 08999 14714 19751 56
8.94746 9.02520 9.09101 9.14803 9.19830 55
94887 02639 09202 14891 19909 54
95029 02757 09304 14980 19988 53
95170 02874 09405 15069 20067 53
95310 02992 09506 15157 20145 51
8.95450 9.03109 9.09606 9.15245 9.20223 50
95589 03226 09707 15333 20302 49
95728 03342 09807 15421 20380 48
95867 03458 09907 15508 20458 47
96005 03574 10006 15596 20535 46
8.96143 9.03G90 9.10106 9.15683 9.20613 45
96280 03S05 10205 15770 20691 44
96417 03920 10304 15857 20768 43
96553 04034 10402 15944 20845 42
96689 04149 10501 16030 20922 41
8.96825 9.04262 9.10599 9.16116 9.20909 40
96960 04376 10697 16203 21076 39
97095 04490 10795 16289 21153 38
97229 04603 10893 16374 21229 37
97363 04715 10990 16460 21306 36
8.97496 9.04828 9.11087 9.16545 9.21382 35
97629 04940 11184 16631 21458 34
97762 05052 11281 16716 21534 33
97894 05164 11377 16801 21610 33
98026 05275 11474 16886 21685 31
8.98157 9.05386 9.11570 9.16970 9.21761 30
98288 05497 11666 17055 21836 29
98419 05607 11761 17139 21912 28
98549 05717 11857 17223 21987 27
98679 05827 11952 17307 22062 26
8.98808 9.05937 9.12047 9.17391 9.22137 25
98937 06046 12142 17474 22211 24
99066 06155 12236 17558 22286 23
99194 06264 12331 17641 22361 23
99322 06372 12425 17724 22435 21
8.99450 9.06481 9.12519 9.17807 9.22509 20
99577 06589 12612 17890 22583 19
99704 06696 12706 17973 22657 18
99830 06804 12799 18055 22731 17
99956 06911 12892 18137 22805 16
9.00082 9.07018 9.12985 9.18220 9.22878 15
00207 07124 13078 18302 22952 14
00332 07231 13171 183S3 23025 13
00456 07337 13263 18465 23098 12
00581 07442 13355 18547 23171 11
9.00704 9.07548 9.13447 9.18628 9.23244 10
00828 07653 13539 18709 23317 9
00951 07758 13630 18790 23390 8
01074 07863 13722 18871 23462 7
01196 07968 13813 18952 23535 6
9.01318 9.08072 9.13904 9.19033 9.23607 5
01440 08176 13994 19113 23679 4
01561 08280 14085 19193 23752 3
01682 08383 14175 19273 23823 2
01803 08486 14266 19353 23895 1
9.01923 9.08589 9.14356 9.19433 9.23967
84° 83° 82° 81° 80° Cos
95° 96° 97° 98° 99°

135
 II. LOGARITHMIC
l6y° 168° 167° 166° 165°
Sin 10° 11° 12° 13° 140
0' 9.23967 9.28060 9.31788 9.35209 9.38368
1 24039 28125 31847 35263 38418
2 24110 28190 31907 35318 38469
3 24181 28254 31966 35373 38519
4 24253 28319 32025 35427 38570
5 9.24324 9.28384 9.32084 9.35481 9.38620
6 24395 28448 32143 35536 38670
7 24466 28512 32202 35590 38721
8 24536 28577 32261 35644 38771
9 24607 28641 32319 35698 38821
10 9.24677 9.28705 9.32378 9.35752 9.38871
11 24748 28769 32437 35806 38921
12 24818 28833 32495 35860 38971
13 24888 28896 32553 35914 39021
14 24958 28960 32612 35968 39071
15 9.25028 9.29024 9.32670 9.36022 9.39121
18 25098 29087 32728 36075 39170
17 25168 29150 32786 36129 39220
18 25237 29214 32844 36182 39270
19 25307 29277 32902 36236 39319
20 9.25376 9.29340 9.32960 9.36289 9.39369
21 25445 29403 33018 36342 39418
22 25514 29466 33075 36395 39467
23 25583 29529 33133 36449 39517
24 25652 29591 33190 36502 39566
25 9.25721 9.29654 9.33248 9.36555 9.39615
26 25790 29716 33305 36608 39664
27 25858 29779 33362 36660 39713
28 25927 29841 33420 36713 39762
29 25995 29903 33477 36766 39811
30 9.26063 9.29966 9.33534 9.36819 9.39860
31 26131 30028 33591 36871 39909
32 26199 30090 33647 36924 39958
33 26267 30151 33704 36976 40006
34 26335 30213 33761 37028 40055
35 9.26403 9.30275 9. 338 18 9.37081 9.40103
36 26470 30336 33874 37133 40152
37 26538 30398 33931 37185 40200
38 26605 30459 33987 37237 40249
39 26672 30521 34043 37289 40297
40 9.26739 9.30582 9.34100 9.37341 9.40346
41 26806 30643 34156 37393 40394
42 26873 30704 34212 37445 40442
43 26940 30765 34268 37497 40490
44 27007 30826 34324 37549 40538
45 9.27073 9.30887 9.34380 9.37600 9.40580
46 27140 30947 34436 37652 40634
47 27206 31008 34491 37703 40682
48 27273 31068 34547 37755 40730
49 27339 31129 34602 37800 40778
50 9.27405 9.31189 9.34658 9.37858 9.40825
51 27471 31250 34713 37909 40873
52 27537 31310 34769 37960 40921
53 27602 31370 34824 38011 40968
64 27668 31430 34879 38062 41010
55 9.27734 9.31490 9.34934 9.38113 9.41063
56 27799 31549 34989 38164 41111
57 27864 31009 35044 38215 41158
58 27930 316(59 35099 38200 41205
59 27995 31728 35154 38317 41252
60 9.28060 9.31788 9.35209 9.38368 9.41300
79° 78° 77° 76° 75°
Cos 100° 101° 102° 103° 104°

136
SINES AND COSINES
164° 163° 162° 161° 160° Sin
15° 1«° 17° 18° 19°
9.41300 9.44034 9.46594 9.48998 9.51264 60'
41347 44078 46635 49037 51301 59
41394 44122 46676 49076 61338 58
41441 44166 46717 49115 51374 57
41488 44210 46758 49153 51411 56
9.41535 9.44253 9.46800 9.49192 9.51447 55
41582 44297 46841 49231 51484 54
41628 44341 46882 49269 51520 53
41675 44385 46923 49308 51557 53
All 22 44428 46964 49347 51593 51
9.41768 9.44472 9.47005 9.49385 9.51629 50
41815 44516 47045 49424 51666 49
41861 44559 47086 49462 51702 48
41908 44602 47127 49500 51738 47
41954 44646 47168 49539 51774 46
9.42001 9.44689 9.47209 9.49577 9.51811 45
42047 44733 47249 49615 51847 44
42093 44776 47290 49654 51883 43
42140 44819 47330 49692 51919 43
42186 44862 47371 49730 51955 41
9.42232 9.44905 9.47411 9.49768 9.51991 40
42278 44948 47452 49806 52027 39
42324 44992 47492 49844 52063 38
42370 45035 47533 49882 52099 37
42416 45077 47573 49920 52135 36
9.42461 9.45120 9.47613 9.49958 9.52171 35
42507 45163 47654 49996 52207 34
42553 45206 47694 50034 52242 33
42599 45249 47734 50072 52278 33
42644 45292 47774 50110 52314 31
9.42690 9.45334 9.47814 9.50148 9.52350 30
42735 45377 47854 50185 52385 29
42781 45419 47894 50223 52421 28
42826 45462 47934 50261 52456 27
42872 45504 47974 50298 52492 26
9.42917 9.45547 9.48014 9.50336 9.52527 25
42962 45589 48054 50374 52563 24
43008 45632 48094 50411 52598 23
43053 45674 48133 50449 52634 23
43098 45716 48173 50486 52669 21
9.43143 9.45758 9.48213 9.50523 9.52705 20
43188 45801 48252 50561 52740 19
43233 45843 48292 50598 52775 18
43278 45885 48332 50635 52811 17
43323 45927 48371 50673 52846 16
9.43367 9.45909 9.48411 9.50710 9.52881 15
43412 46011 48450 50747 52916 14
43457 46053 48490 50784 52951 13
43502 46095 48529 50821 52986 13
43546 46136 48568 50858 53021 11
9.43591 9.46178 9.48607 9.50896 9.53056 10
43635 46220 48047 50933 53092 9
43680 46262 48686 50970 53126 8
43724 46303 48725 51007 53161 7
43769 46345 48764 51043 53196 6
9.43813 9.46386 9.48803 9.51080 9.53231 5
43857 46428 48842 51117 53266 4
43901 46469 48881 51154 53301 3
43946 46511 48920 51191 53336 2
43990 46552 48959 51227 53370 1
9.44034 9.46594 9.48998 9.51264 9.53405
74° 73° 72° 71° 70° Cos
105° 106° 107° 108° 109°

137
 n. LOGARITHMIC
159° 158° 157° 156° 155°
Sin 30° 31° 33° 33° 34°
(/ 9.53405 9.55433 9.57358 9.59188 9.60931
1 53440 55466 57389 59218 60960
a 53475 55499 57420 59247 60988
3 53509 55532 57451 59277 61016
4 53544 55564 57482 59307 61045
A 9.53578 9.55597 9.57514 9.59336 9.61073
6 53613 55630 57545 59366 61101
7 53647 55663 57576 59396 61129
8 53682 55695 57607 59425 61158
9 53716 55728 57638 59455 61186
10 9.53751 9.55761 9.57669 9.59484 9.61214
11 53785 55793 57700 59514 61242
13 53819 55826 57731 59543 61270
13 53854 55858 57762 59573 61298
14 53888 55891 57793 59602 61326
15 9.53922 9.55923 9.57824 9.59632 9.61354
16 53957 55956 57855 59661 61382
17 53991 55988 57885 59690 61411
18 54025 56021 57916 59720 61438
19 54059 56053 57947 59749 61466
20 9.54093 9.56085 9.57978 9.59778 9.61494
21 54127 56118 58008 59808 61522
23 54161 56150 58039 59837 61550
23 54195 56182 5S070 59866 61578
24 54229 56215 58101 59895 61606
25 9.54263 9.56247 9.58131 9.59924 9.61634
26 54297 56279 58162 59954 61662
27 54331 56311 58192 59983 61689
28 54365 56343 58223 60012 61717
29 54399 56375 58253 60041 61745
30 9.54433 9.56408 9.58284 9.60070 9.61773
31 54466 56440 58314 60099 61800
33 54500 56472 58345 60128 61828
33 54534 56504 58375 60157 61856
34 54567 56536 58406 60186 61883
35 9.54601 9.56568 9.58436 9.60215 9.61911
36 54635 56599 58467 60244 61939
37 54668 56631 58497 60273 61966
38 54702 56663 58527 60302 61994
39 54735 56695 58557 60331 62021
40 9.54769 9.56727 9.58588 9.60359 9.62049
41 54802 56759 58618 60388 62076
43 54836 56790 58648 60417 62104
43 54869 56822 58678 60446 62131
44 54903 56854 58709 60474 62159
45 9.54936 9.56886 9.58739 9.60503 9.62186
46 54969 56917 58769 60532 62214
47 55003 56949 58799 60561 62241
48 55036 56980 58829 60589 62268
49 55069 57012 58859 60618 62296
50 9.55102 9.57044 9.58889 9.60646 9.62323
51 55136 57075 58919 60675 62350
53 55169 57107 58949 60704 62377
53 55202 57138 58979 60732 62405
54 55235 57169 59009 60761 62432
55 9.55268 9.57201 9.59039 9.60789 9.62459
56 55301 57232 59069 60818 62486
57 55334 57264 59098 60846 62513
58 55367 57295 59128 60875 62541
59 55400 57326 59158 C0903 62568
60 9.55433 9.57358 9.59188 9.60931 9.62595
69° 68° 67° 66° 65°
Cos 110° 111° 112° 113° 114°

138
 SINES AND COSINES
154^ 153' 152' 151' 150' Sin
25' 26<^ 27' 28' 29'
9.62595 9.64184 9.65705 9.67161 9.68557 60'
62622 64210 65729 67185 68580 59
62649 64236 65754 67208 68603 58
62676 64262 65779 67232 68625 57
62703 64288 65804 67256 68648 56
9.62730 9.64313 9.65828 9.67280 9.68671 55
62757 64339 65853 67303 68694 54
62784 64365 65878 67327 68716 53
62811 64391 65902 67350 68739 52
62838 64417 65927 67374 68762 51
9.62865 9.64442 9.65952 9.67398 9.68784 50
62892 64468 65976 67421 68807 49
62918 64494 66001 67445 68829 48
62945 64519 66025 67468 68852 47
62972 64545 66050 67492 68875 46
9.62999 9.64571 9.66075 9.67515 9.68897 45
63026 64596 66099 67539 68920 44
63052 64622 66124 67562 68942 43
63079 64647 66148 67586 68965 42
63106 64673 66173 67609 68987 41
9.63133 9.64698 9.66197 9.67633 9.69010 40
63159 64724 66221 67656 69032 39
63186 64749 66246 67680 69055 38
63213 64775 66270 67703 69077 37
63239 64800 66295 67726 69100 36
9.63266 9.64826 9.66319 9.67750 9.69122 35
63292 64851 66343 67773 69144 34
63319 64877 66308 67796 69167 33
63345 64902 66392 67820 69189 32
63372 64927 66416 67843 69212 31
9.63398 9.64953 9.66441 9.67866 9.69234 30
63425 64978 66465 67890 69256 29
63451 65003 66489 67913 69279 28
63478 65029 66513 67936 69301 27
63504 65054 66537 67959 69323 26
9.63531 9.65079 9.66562 9.67982 9.69345 25
63557 65104 66586 68006 69368 24
63583 65130 66610 68029 69390 23
63610 65155 66634 68052 69412 22
63636 65180 66658 68075 69434 21
9.63662 9.65205 9.66682 9.68098 9.69456 20
63689 65230 66706 68121 69479 19
63715 65255 66731 68144 69501 18
63741 65281 66755 68167 69523 17
63767 65306 66779 68190 69545 16
9.63794 9.65331 9.66803 9.68213 9.69567 15
63820 65356 66827 68237 69589 14
63846 65381 66851 68260 69611 13
63872 65406 66875 68283 69633 12
63898 65431 66899 68305 69655 11
9.63924 9.65456 9.66922 9.68328 9.69677 10
63950 65481 66946 68351 69699 9
63976 65506 66970 68374 69721 8
64002 65531 66994 68397 69743 7
64028 65556 67018 68420 69765 6
9.64054 9.65580 67042 9.68443 9.69787 5
64080 65605 67066 68466 69809 4
64106 65630 67090 68489 69831 3
64132 65655 67113 68512 69853 2
64158 65680 67137 68534 69875 1
9.64184 9.65705 9.67161 9.68557 9.69897
64° 63° 62' 61° 60° Cos
115° 116° 117' 118' 119°

139

1
 II. LOGARITHMIC
149° 148° 147° 146° 145°
Sin 30° 31° 32° 33° 34°
(y 9.69897 9.71184 9.72421 9.73611 9.74756
1 69919 71205 72441 73630 74775
2 69941 71226 72461 73650 74794
3 69963 71247 72482 73669 74812
4 69984 71268 72502 73689 74831
5 9.70006 9.71289 9.72522 9.73708 9.74850
6 70028 71310 72542 73727 74868
7 70050 71331 72562 73747 74887
8 70072 71352 72582 73766 74906
9 70093 71373 72602 73785 74924
10 9.70115 9.71393 9.72622 9.73805 9.74943
11 70137 71414 72643 73824 74961
12 70159 71435 72663 73843 74980
13 70180 71456 72683 73863 74999
14 70202 71477 72703 73882 75017
15 9.70224 9.71498 9.72723 9.73901 9.75036
16 70245 71519 72743 73921 75054
17 70267 71539 72763 73940 75073
18 70288 71560 72783 73959 75091
19 70310 71581 72803 73978 75110
30 9.70332 9.71602 9.72823 9.73997 9.75128
21 70353 71622 72843 74017 75147
23 70375 71643 72863 74030 75165
23 70396 71664 72883 74055 75184
24 70418 71685 72902 74074 75202
25 9.70439 9.71705 9.72922 9.74093 9.75221
26 70461 71726 72942 74113 75239
27 70482 71747 72962 74132 75258
28 7U504 71767 72982 74151 75276
29 70525 71788 73002 74170 75294
30 9.70547 9.71809 9.73022 9.74189 9.75313
31 70568 71829 73041 74208 75331
32 70590 71850 73061 74227 75350
33 70611 71870 73081 74246 75368
34 70633 71891 73101 74265 75386
35 9.70654 9.71911 9.73121 9.74284 9.75405
36 70675 71932 73140 74303 75423
37 70697 71952 73160 74322 75441
38 70718 71973 73180 74341 75459
39 70739 71994 73200 74360 75478
40 9.70761 9.72014 9.73219 9.74379 9.75496
41 70782 72034 73239 74398 75514
42 70803 72055 73259 74417 75533
43 70824 72075 73278 74436 75551
44 70846 72096 73298 74455 75569
45 9.70807 9.72116 9.73318 9.74474 9.75587
46 70888 72137 73337 74493 75605
47 70909 72157 73357 74512 75624
48 70931 72177 73377 74531 75642
49 70952 72198 73396 74549 75600
50 9.70973 9.72218 9.73416 9. 74 568 9.7567S
51 70994 72238 73435 74587 75696
52 71015 72259 73455 74606 75714
53 71036 72279 73474 74625 75733
54 71058 72299 73494 74644 75751
55 9.71079 9.72320 9.73513 9.74662 9.75769
56 71100 72340 73533 74681 75787
57 71121 72360 73552 74700 75805
58 71142 72381 73572 74719 75823
59 71163 72401 73591 74737 75841
60 9.71184 9.72421 9.73611 9.74756 9.75859
59° 58° 57° 56° 55°
Cos 120° 1 121° 122° 123° 1
124°

140
SINES AND COSINES
r 1440 143° 142° 141° 140° Sin
35° 36° 37° 38° 39°
9.75859 9.76922 9.77946 9.78934 9.79887 ec
75877 76939 77963 78950 79903 59
75895 76957 77980 78967 79918 58
75913 76974 77997 78983 79934 57
75931 76991 78013 78999 79950 56
9.75949 9.77009 9.78030 9.79015 9.79965 55
75967 77026 78047 79031 79981 54
75985 77043 78063 79047 79996 53
76003 77001 78080 79063 80012 62
76021 77078 78097 79079 80027 51
9.76039 9.77095 9.78113 9.79095 9.80043 50
76057 77112 78130 79111 80058 49
76075 77130 78147 79128 80074 48
76093 77147 78163 79144 80089 47
76111 77164 78180 79160 80105 46
9.76129 9.77181 9.78197 9.79176 9.80120 45
76146 77199 78213 79192 80136 44
76164 77216 78230 79208 80151 43
76182 77233 78246 79224 80166 42
76200 77250 78263 79240 80182 41
9.76218 9.77268 9.78280 9.79256 9.80197 40
76236 77285 78296 79272 80213 39
76253 77302 78313 79288 80228 38
76271 77319 78329 79304 80244 37
76289 77336 78348 79319 80259 36
9.76307 9.77353 9.78362 9.79335 9.80274 35
76324 77370 78379 79351 80290 34
76342 77387 78395 79367 80305 33
76360 77405 78412 79383 80320 32
76378 77422 78428 79399 80336 31
9.76395 9.77439 9.78445 9.79415 9.80351 30
76413 77456 78461 79431 80366 29
76431 77473 78478 79447 80382 28
76448 77490 78494 79463 80397 27
76466 77507 78510 79478 80412 26
9.76484 9.77524 9.78527 9.79494 9.80428 25
76501 77541 78543 79510 80443 24
76519 77558 78560 79526 80458 23
76537 77575 78576 79542 80473 22
76554 77592 78592 79558 80489 21
9.76572 9.77609 9.78609 9.79573 9.80504 20
76590 77626 78625 79589 80519 19
76607 77643 78642 79605 80534 18
76625 77660 78658 79621 80550 17
76642 77677 78674 79636 80565 16
9.76660 9.77694 9.78691 9.79652 9.80580 15
76677 77711 78707 79668 80595 14
76695 77728 78723 79684 80610 13
76712 77744 78739 79699 80625 12
76730 77761 78756 79715 80641 11
9.76747 9.77778 9.78772 9.79731 9.80656 10
76765 77795 78788 79746 80671 9
76782 77812 78805 79762 80686 8
76800 77829 78821 79778 80701 7
76817 77846 78837 79793 80716 6
9.76835 9.77862 9.78853 9.79809 9.80731 5
76852 77879 78869 79825 80746 4
76870 77896 78886 79840 80762 3
78887 77913 78902 79856 80777 2
76904 77930 78918 79872 80792 1
9.76922 9.77946 .78934 9.79887 9.80807
54° 53° 52° 51° 50° Cos
.
125° 126° 127° 128° 129°

141
 11. LOGARITHMIC
139° [
138° 137° 136° 135°
Sin 40" 41° 42° 43° 44°
(y 9.80807 9.81694 9.82551 9.83378 9.84177
1 80822 81709 82565 83392 84190
2 80837 81723 82579 83405 84203
3 80852 81738 82593 83419 84216
4 80867 81752 82607 83432 84229
5 9.80882 9.81767 9.82621 9.83446 9.84242
6 80897 81781 82635 83459 84255
7 80912 81796 82649 83473 84269
8 80927 81810 82663 83486 84282
9 80942 81825 82677 83500 84295
10 9.80957 9.81839 9.82691 9.83513 9.84308
11 80972 81854 82705 83527 84321
13 80987 81868 82719 83540 84334
13 81002 81882 82733 83554 84347
14 81017 81897 82747 83567 84360
15 9.81032 9.81911 9. 82761 9.83581 9.84373
16 81047 81926 82775 83594 84385
17 81061 81940 82788 83608 84398
18 81076 81955 82802 83621 84411
19 81091 81969 82816 83634 84424
20 9.81106 9.81983 9.82830 9.83648 9.84437
21 81121 81998 82844 83661 84450
22 81136 82012 82858 83674 84463
23 81151 82026 82872 83688 84476
24 81166 82041 82885 83701 84489
25 9.81180 9.82055 9.82899 9.83715 9.84502
26 81195 82069 82913 83728 84515
27 81210 82084 82927 83741 84528
28 81225 82098 82941 83755 84540
29 81240 82112 82955 83768 84553
30 9. 81254 9.82126 9.82968 9.83781 9.84566
31 81269 82141 82982 83795 84579
32 81284 82155 82996 83808 84592
33 81299 82169 83010 83821 84605
34 81314 82184 83023 83834 84618
35 9.81328 9.82198 9.83037 9.83848 9.84630
36 81343 82212 83051 83861 84643
37 81358 82226 83065 83874 84656
38 81372 82240 83078 83887 84669
39 81387 82255 83092 83901 84682
40 9.81402 9.82269 9.83106 9.83914 9.84694
41 81417 82283 83120 83927 84707
42 81431 82297 83133 83940 84720
43 81446 82311 83147 83954 84733
44 81461 82326 83161 83967 84745
45 9.81475 9.82340 9.83174 9.83980 9.84758
46 81490 82354 83188 83993 84771
47 81505 82368 83202 84006 84784
48 81519 82382 83215 84020 84796
49 81534 82396 83229 84033 84809
50 9.81549 9.82410 9.83242 9.84046 9.84822
51 81563 82424 83256 84059 84835
52 81578 82439 83270 84072 84847
53 81592 82453 83283 84085 84860
54 81607 82467 83297 84098 84873
55 9.81622 9.82481 9.83310 9.84112 9.84885
56 81636 82495 83324 84125 84898
57 81651 82509 83338 84138 84911
58 81665 82523 83351 84151 84923
59 81680 82537 83365 84164 84936
60 9.81694 9.82551 9.83378 9.84177 9.84949
49° 48° 47° 46° 45°
Cos 130° 131° 132° 133° 134° 1

142
SINES AND COSINES
134° 133° 132° 131° 130° Sin
45° 46° 47° 48° 49°
y.84949 9.85693 9.86413 9.87107 9.87778 60'
84961 85706 86425 87119 87789 59
84974 85718 86436 87130 87800 58
84986 85730 86448 87141 87811 57
84999 85742 86460 87153 87822 56
9.85012 9.85754 9.86472 9.87164 9.87833 55
85024 85766 86483 87175 87844 54
85037 85779 86495 87187 87855 53
85049 85791 86507 87198 87866 53
85062 85803 86518 87209 87877 51
9.85074 9.85815 9.86530 9.87221 9.87887 50
85087 85827 86542 87232 87898 49
85100 85839 86554 87243 87909 48
85112 85851 86565 87255 87920 47
85125 85864 86577 87266 87931 46
9.85137 9.85876 9.86589 9.87277 9.87942 45
85150 85888 86600 87288 87953 44
85162 85900 86612 87300 87964 43
85175 85912 86624 87311 87975 43
85187 85924 86635 87322 87985 41
9.85200 9.85936 9.86647 9.87334 9.87996 40
85212 85948 86659 87345 88007 39
85225 85960 86670 87356 88018 38
85237 85972 86682 87367 88029 37
85250 85984 86694 87378 88040 36
9.85262 9.85996 9.86705 9.87390 9.88051 36
85274 86008 86717 87401 88061 34
85287 86020 86728 87412 88072 33
85299 86032 86740 87423 88083 33
85312 86044 86752 87434 88094 31
9.85324 9.86056 9.86763 9.87446 9.88105 30
85337 86068 86775 87457 88115 39
85349 86080 86786 87468 88126 38
85361 86092 86798 87479 88137 37
85374 86104 86809 87490 88148 36
9.85386 9.86116 9.86821 9.87501 9.88158 35
85399 86128 86832 87513 88169 34
85411 86140 86844 87524 88180 33
85423 86152 86855 87535 88191 33
85436 86164 86867 87546 88201 31
9.85448 9.86176 9.86879 9.87557 9.88212 30
85460 86188 86890 87568 88223 19
85473 86200 86902 87579 88234 18
85485 86211 86913 87590 88244 17
85497 86223 86924 87601 88255 16
9.85510 9.86235 9.86936 9.87613 9.88266 15
85522 86247 86947 87624 88276 14
85534 86259 86959 87635 88287 13
85547 86271 86970 87646 88298 13
85559 86283 86982 87657 88308 11
9.85571 9.86295 9.86993 9.87668 9.88319 10
85583 86306 87005 87679 88330 ')
85596 86318 87016 87690 88340 8
85608 86330 87028 87701 88351 7
85620 86342 87039 87712 88362 6
9.85632 9.86354 9.87050 9.87723 9.88372 5
85645 86366 87062 87734 88383 4
85657 86377 87073 87745 88394 3
85669 86389 87085 87756 88404 3
85681 86401 87096 87767 88415 1
9.85693 9.86413 9.87107 9.87778 9.88425
44° 43° 42° 41° 40° Cos
135° 136° 137° 138° 139°

143
 II. LOGARITHMIC
129° 128° 1
127° 126° 125°
Sin 50° 51° 52° 53° 54°
(/ 9.88425 9.89050 9.89653 9.90235 9.90796
1 8S436 89060 89663 90244 90805
2 88447 89071 89673 90254 90814
3 88457 89081 89683 90263 90823
4 88468 89091 89693 90273 90832
5 9.88478 9.89101 9.89702 9.90282 9.90842
6 88489 89112 89712 90292 90851
7 88499 89122 89722 90301 90860
8 88510 89132 89732 90311 90869
9 88521 89142 89742 90320 90878
10 9.88531 9.89152 9.89752 9.90330 9.90887
11 88542 89162 89761 90339 90896
12 88552 89173 89771 90349 90906
13 88563 89183 89781 90358 90915
14 88573 89193 89791 90368 90924
15 9. 88584 9.89203 9.89801 9.90377 9.90933
16 88594 89213 89810 90386 90942
17 88605 89223 89820 90396 90951
18 88615 89233 89830 90405 90960
19 88626 89244 89840 90415 90969
20 9. 88636 9.89254 9.89849 9.90424 9.90978
21 88647 89264 89859 90434 90987
22 88657 89274 89869 90443 90996
23 88668 89284 89879 90452 91005
24 88678 89294 89888 90462 91014
25 9.88688 9.89304 9.89898 9.90471 9.91023
26 88699 89314 89908 90480 91033
27 88709 89324 89918 90490 91042
28 88720 89334 89927 90499 91051
29 88730 89344 89937 90509 91060
30 9.88741 9.89354 9.89947 9.90518 9.91069
31 88751 89364 89956 90527 91078
32 88761 89375 89966 90537 91087
33 88772 89385 89976 90546 91096
34 88782 89395 89985 90555 91105
35 9.88793 9.89405 9.89995 9.90565 9.91114
36 88803 89415 90005 90574 91123
37 88813 89425 90014 90583 91132
38 88824 89435 90024 90592 91141
39 88834 89445 90034 90602 91149
40 9.88844 9.89455 9.90043 9.90611 9.91158
41 88855 89465 90053 90620 91167
42 88865 89475 90063 90630 91176
43 88875 89485 90072 90639 91185
44 88886 89495 •
90082 90648 91194
45 9.88896 9.89504 9.90091 9.90657 9.91203
46 88906 89514 90101 90667 91212
47 88917 89524 90111 90676 91221
48 88927 89534 90120 90685 91230
49 88937 89544 90130 90694 91239
50 9.88948 9.89554 9.90139 9.90704 9.91248
51 88958 89564 90149 90713 91257
52 88968 89574 90159 90722 91266
53 88978 89584 90168 90731 91274
54 88989 89594 90178 90741 91283
55 9.88999 9.89604 9.90187 9.90750 9.91292
56 89009 89614 90197 90759 91301
57 89020 89624 90206 90768 91310
58 89030 89633 90216 90777 91319
59 89040 89643 90225 90787 91328
60 9.89050 9.89653 9.90235 9.90796 9.91336
39° 38° 37° 36° 35°
Cos 140° 141° 142° 143° 144°

144
 SINES AND COSINES
! 124° 123° 122° 121° 120° Sin
55° 66° 57° 58° 69°
9.91336 9.91857 9.92359 9.92842 9.93307 6(y
91345 91866 92367 92850 93314 59
91354 91874 92376 92858 93322 58
91363 91883 92384 92866 93329 57
91372 91891 92392 92874 93337 56
9.91381 9.91900 9.92400 9.92881 9.93344 55
91389 91908 92408 92889 93352 54
91398 91917 92416 92897 93360 53
91407 91925 92425 92905 93367 63
91416 91934 92433 92913 93375 51
9.91425 9.91942 9.92441 9. 92921 9. 93382 50
91433 91951 92449 92929 93390 49
91442 91959 92457 92936 93397 48
91451 91968 92465 92944 93405 47
91460 91976 92473 92952 93412 46
9.91469 9. 91985 9. 92482 9.92960 9. 93420 45
91477 91993 92490 92968 93427 44
91486 92002 92498 92976 93435 43
91495 92010 92506 92983 93442 43
91504 92018 92514 92991 93450 41
9.91512 9.92027 9.92522 9.92999 9.93457 40
91521 92035 92530 93007 93465 39
91530 92044 92538 93014 93472 38
91538 92052 92546 93022 93480 37
91547 92060 92555 93030 93487 36
9.91556 9.92069 9.92563 9.93038 9.93495 35
91565 92077 92571 93046 93502 34
91573 92086 92579 93053 93510 33
91582 92094 92587 93061 93517 33
91591 92102 92595 93069 93525 31
9.91599 9.92111 9.92603 9. 93077 9.93532 30
91608 92119 92611 93084 93539 29
91617 92127 92619 93092 93547 28
91625 92136 92627 93100 93554 27
91634 92144 92635 93108 93562 26
9.91643 9.92152 9.92643 9.93115 9. 93569 25
91651 92161 92651 93123 93577 24
91660 92169 92659 93131 93584 23
91669 92177 92667 93138 93591 22
91677 92186 92675 93146 93599 21
9.91686 9.92194 9.92683 9.93154 9.93606 20
91695 92202 92691 93161 93614 19
91703 92211 92699 93169 93621 18
91712 92219 92707 93177 93628 17
91720 92227 92715 93184 93636 16
9.91729 9.92235 9.92723 9.93192 9.93643 15
91738 92244 92731 93200 93650 14
91746 92252 92739 93207 93658 13
91755 92260 92747 93215 93665 12
91763 92269 92755 93223 93673 11
9.91772 9.92277 9.92763 9.93230 9.93680 10
91781 92285 92771 93238 93687 9
91789 92293 92779 93246 93695 8
91798 92302 92787 93253 93702 7
91806 92310 92795 93261 93709 6
9A1815 9.92318 9. 92803 9.93269 9.93717 5
^1823 92326 92810 93276 93724 4
91832 92335 92818 93284 93731 3
91840 92343 92826 93291 93738 2
91849 92351 92834 93299 93746 1
9.91857 9. 92359 9.92842 9. 93307 9.93753
34° 33° 32° 31° 30° Cos
145° 146° 147° 148° 149°

145
 II. LOGARITHMIC
119° 118° 117° 116° 115°
Sin 60° 61° 62° 63° 64°
0' 9.93753 9.94182 9.94593 9.94988 9.95366
1 93760 94189 94600 94995 95372
2 93768 94196 94607 95001 95378
3 93775 94203 94614 95007 95384
4 937S2 94210 94620 95014 95391
5 9.93789 9.94217 9.94627 9.95020 9.95397
6 93797 94224 94634 95027 95403
7 93804 94231 94640 95033 95409
8 93811 94238 94647 95039 95415
9 93819 94245 94654 95046 95421
10 9.93826 9.94252 9.94660 9.95052 9.95427
11 93833 94259 94667 95059 95434
12 93840 94266 94674 95065 95440
13 93847 94273 94680 95071 95446
14 93855 94279 94687 95078 95452
15 9.93862 9.94286 9.94694 9.95084 9.95458
16 93869 94293 94700 95090 95464
17 93876 94300 94707 95097 95470
18 93884 94307 94714 95103 95476
19 93891 94314 94720 95110 95482
20 9.93898 9.94321 9.94727 9.95116 9.95488
21 93905 94328 94734 95122 95494
22 93912 94335 94740 95129 95500
23 93920 94342 94747 95135 95507
24 93927 94349 94753 95141 95513
25 9. 93934 9.94355 9.94760 9.95148 9.95519
26 93941 94362 94767 95154 95525
27 93948 94369 94773 95160 95531
28 93955 94376 94780 95167 95537
29 93963 94383 94786 95173 95543
30 9.93970 9.94390 9.94793 9.95179 9.95549
31 93977 94397 94799 95185 95555
32 93984 94404 94806 95192 95561
33 93991 94410 94813 95198 95567
34 93998 94417 94S19 95204 95573
35 9.94005 9. 94424 9.94826 9.95211 9.95579
36 94012 94431 94832 95217 95585
37 94020 94438 94839 95223 95591
38 94027 94445 94845 95229 95597
39 94034 94451 94852 95236 95603
40 9.94041 9.94458 9.94858 9.95242 9.95609
41 94048 94465 94865 95248 95615
42 94055 94472 94871 95254 95621
43 94062 94479 94878 95261 95627
44 94069 94485 94885 95267 95633
45 9. 94076 9. 94492 9.94891 9.95273 9.95639
46 94083 94499 94898 95279 95645
47 94090 94506 94904 95286 95651
48 94098 94513 94911 95292 95657
49 94105 94519 94917 95298 95663
50 9.94112 9. 94526 9.94923 9.95304 9.95668
51 94119 94533 94930 95310 95674
62 94126 94540 94936 95317 95680
63 94133 94546 94943 95323 95686
64 94140 94553 94949 95329 95692
55 9.94147 9. 94560 9.94956 9.95335 9.95i|8
66 94154 94567 94962 95341 95704
67 94161 94573 94969 95348 95710
58 94168 94580 94975 95354 95716
59 94175 94587 94982 95360 95722
60 9.94182 9.94593 9.94988 9.95366 9.95728
29° 28° 27° 26° 25°
Cos 150° 151° 152° 153° 154°

146
SINES AND COSINES
114° 113° 112° 111° 110° Sin
65° 66° 67° 68° 69°
9.95728 9.96073 9.96403 9.96717 9.97015 60'
95733 96079 96408 96722 97020 59
95739 96084 96413 96727 97025 58
95745 96090 96419 96732 97030 57
95751 96095 96424 96737 97035 56
9.95757 9.96101 9.96429 9.96742 9.97039 55
95763 96107 96435 96747 97044 54
95769 96112 96440 96752 97049 53
95775 96118 96445 96757 97054 52
95780 96123 96451 96762 97059 51
9.95786 9.96129 9.96456 9.96767 9.97063 50
95792 96135 96461 96772 97068 49
95798 96140 96467 96778 97073 48
95804 96146 96472 96783 97078 47
95810 96151 96477 96788 97083 46
9.95815 9.96157 9.96483 9.96793 9.97087 45
95821 96162 96488 96798 97092 44
95827 96168 96493 96803 97097 43
95833 96174 96498 96808 97102 42
95839 96179 96504 96813 97107 41
9.95844 9.96185 9. 96509 9.96818 9.97111 40
95850 96190 96514 96823 97116 39
95856 96196 96520 96828 97121 38
95862 96201 96525 96833 97126 37
95868 96207 96530 96838 97130 36
9.95873 9.96212 9.96535 9.96843 9.97135 35
95879 96218 96541 96848 97140 34
95885 96223 96546 96853 97145 33
95891 96229 96551 96858 97149 32
95897 96234 96556 96863 97154 31
9.95902 9.96240 9.96562 9. 96868 9.97159 30
95908 96245 96567 96873 97163 29
95914 96251 96572 96878 97168 28
95920 96256 96577 96883 97173 27
95925 96262 965S2 96888 97178 26
9.95931 9.96267 9.96588 9.96893 9.97182 25
95937 06273 96593 96898 97187 24
95942 96278 96598 96903 97192 23
95948 96284 96603 96907 97196 22
95954 96289 96608 96912 97201 21
9.95960 9.96294 9.96614 9.96917 9.97206 20
95965 96300 96619 96922 97210 19
95971 96305 96624 96927 97215 18
95977 96311 96629 96932 97220 17
95982 96316 96634 96937 97224 16
9.95988 9.96322 9.96640 9.96942 9.97229 15
95994 96327 96645 96947 97234 14
96000 96333 96650 96952 97238 13
96005 96338 96655 96957 97243 12
96011 96343 96660 96962 97248 11
9.96017 9.96349 9.96665 9.96966 9.97252 10
96022 96354 96670 96971 97257 9
96028 96360 96676 96976 97262 8
96034 96365 96681 96981 97266 7
96039 96370 96686 96986 97271 6
9.96045 9.96376 9.96691 9.96991 9. 97276 5
96050 96381 96696 96996 97280 4
96056 96387 96701 97001 97285 3
96062 96392 96706 97005 97289 2
96067 96397 96711 97010 97294 1
9.96073 9.96403 9.96717 9.97015 9.97299
24° 23° 22° 21° 20° Cos
155° 156° 157° 158° 159°

147
 II. LOGARITHMIC
109° 108° 107° 106° 105°
Sin 70° 71° 73° 73° 74°
0' 9.97299 9.97567 9.97821 9.98060 9.98284
1 97303 97571 97825 98063 98288
2 97308 97576 97829 98067 98291
3 97312 97580 97833 98071 98295
4 97317 97584 97837 98075 98299
5 9. 97322 9.97589 9. 97841 9.98079 9.98302
6 97326 97593 97845 98083 98306
7 97331 97597 97849 98087 98309
8 97335 97602 97853 98090 98313
9 97340 97606 97857 98094 98317
10 9. 97344 9. 97610 9.97861 9.98098 9.98320
11 97349 97615 97866 98102 98324
13 97353 97619 97870 98106 98327
13 97358 97623 97874 98110 98331
14 97363 97628 97878 98113 98334
15 9.97367 9.97632 9. 97882 9.98117 9.98338
16 97372 97636 97886 98121 98342
17 97376 97640 97890 98125 98345
18 97381 97645 97894 98129 98349
19 97385 97649 97898 98132 98352
20 9.97390 9.97653 9. 97902 9.98136 9.98356
31 97394 97657 97906 98140 98359
33 97399 97662 97910 98144 98363
33 97403 97666 97914 98147 98366
34 97408 97670 97918 98151 98370
35 9.97412 9.97674 9.97922 9.98155 9.98373
26 97417 97679 97926 98159 98377
37 97421 97683 97930 98162 98381
38 97426 97687 97934 98166 98384
39 97430 97691 97938 98170 98388
30 9.97435 9.97696 9.97942 9.98174 9.98391
31 97439 97700 97946 98177 98395
33 97444 97704 97950 98181 98398
33 97448 97708 97954 98185 98402
34 97453 97713 97958 98189 98405
35 9.97457 9.97717 9.97962 9.98192 9.98409
36 97461 97721 97966 98196 98412
37 97466 97725 97970 98200 984 15
38 97470 97729 97974 98204 98419
39 97475 97734 97978 98207 98422
40 9. 97479 9.97738 9. 97982 9.98211 9.98426
41 97484 97742 97986 98215 98429
42 97488 97746 97989 98218 98433
43 97492 97750 97993 98222 98436
44 97497 97754 97997 98226 98440
45 9.97501 9.97759 9.98001 9.98229 9.98443
46 97506 97763 98005 98233 98447
47 97510 97767 98009 98237 98450
48 97515 97771 98013 98240 98453
49 97519 97775 98017 98244 98457
60 9. 97523 9.97779 9.98021 9. 98248 9.98460
51 97528 97784 98025 98251 98464
62 97532 97788 98029 98255 98467
63 97536 97792 98032 98259 98471
64 97541 97796 98036 98262 98474
55 9. 97545 9.97800 9.98040 9. 98266 9.98477
66 97550 97804 98044 98270 98481
67 97554 97808 98048 98273 98484
58 97558 97812 98052 98277 98488
59 97563 97817 98056 98281 98491
60 9.97567 9.97821 9.98060 9. 98284 9.98494
19° 18° 17° 16° 15°
Cos 160° 161° 162° 163° 164°

148
SINES AND COSINES
104° 103° 102° 101° 100° Sin
75° 76° 77° 78° 79°
9.98494 9.98690 9.98872 9.99040 9.99195 60'
98498 98694 98875 99043 99197 59
98501 98697 98878 99046 99200 58
98505 98700 98881 99048 99202 57
98508 98703 98884 99051 99204 56
9.98511 9.98706 9.98887 9.99054 9.99207 55
98515 98709 98890 99056 99209 54
98518 98712 98893 99059 99212 53
98521 98715 98896 99002 99214 52
98525 98719 98898 99064 99217 51
9.98528 9.98722 9.98901 9.99067 9.99219 50
98531 98725 98904 9907C 99221 49
98535 98728 98907 99072 99224 48
98538 98731 98910 99075 99226 47
98541 98734 98913 99078 99229 46
9.98545 9.98737 9.98916 9.99080 9.99231 45
98548 98740 98919 99083 99233 44
98551 98743 98921 99086 99236 43
98555 98746 98924 99088 99238 42
98558 98750 98927 99091 99241 41
9.98561 9.98753 9.98930 9.99093 9.99243 40
98565 98756 98933 99096 99245 39
98568 98759 98936 99099 99248 38
98571 98762 98938 99101 99250 37
98574 98765 98941 99104 99252 36
9.98578 9.98768 9.98944 9.99106 9.99255 35
98581 98771 98947 99109 99257 34
98584 98774 98950 99112 99260 33
98588 98777 98953 99114 99262 32
98591 98780 98955 99117 99264 31
9.98594 9.98783 9.98958 9.99119 9.99267 30
98597 98786 98961 99122 99269 29
98601 98789 98964 99124 99271 28
98604 98792 98967 99127 99274 27
98607 98795 98969 99130 99276 26
9.98610 9.98798 9.98972 9.99132 9.99278 25
98614 98801 98975 99135 99281 24
98617 98804 98978 99137 99283 23
98620 98807 98980 99140 99285 22
98623 98810 98983 99142 99288 21
9. 98627 9.98813 9.98986 9.99145 9.99290 20
98630 98816 98989 99147 99292 19
98633 98819 98991 99150 99294 18
98636 98822 98994 99152 99297 17
98640 98825 98997 99155 99299 16
9. 98643 9.98828 9.99000 9.99157 9.99301 15
98646 98831 99002 99160 99304 14
98649 98834 99005 99162 99306 13
98652 98837 99008 99165 99308 12
98656 98840 99011 99167 99310 11
9. 98659 9.98843 9.99013 9.99170 9.99313 10
98662 98846 99016 99172 99315 9
98665 98849 99019 99175 99317 8
98668 98852 99022 99177 99319 7
98671 98855 99024 99180 99322 6
9. 98675 9.98858 9.99027 9.99182 9.99324 5
98678 98861 99030 99185 99326 4
98681 98864 99032 99187 99328 3
98684 98867 99035 99190 99331 2
98687 98869 99038 99192 99333 1
9.98690 9.98872 9.99040 9.99195 9.99335
14° 13° 12° 11° 10° Cos
165° 166° 167° 168° 169°

149
 II. LOGARITHMIC
99° 98° 97° 96° 95°
Sin 80° 81° 83° 83° 84°
(y 9.99335 9.99462 9.99575 9.99675 9.99761
1 99337 99464 99577 99677 99763
2 99340 99466 99579 99678 99764
3 99342 99468 99581 99680 99765
4 99344 99470 99582 99681 99767
5 9.99346 9.99472 9.99584 9.99683 9.99768
6 99348 99474 99586 99684 99769
7 99351 99476 99588 99686 99771
8 99353 99478 99589 99687 99772
9 99355 99480 99591 99689 99773
10 9.99357 9.99482 9.99593 9.99690 9.99775
11 99359 99484 99595 99692 99776
13 99362 99486 99596 99693 99777
13 99364 99488 99598 99695 99778
14 99366 99490 99600 99696 99780
15 9.99368 9. 99492 9.99601 9.99698 9.99781
16 99370 99494 99603 99699 99782
17 99372 99495 99605 99701 99783
18 99375 99497 99607 99702 99785
19 99377 99499 99608 99704 99786
30 9.99379 9.99501 9.99610 9.99705 9.99787
31 99381 99503 99612 99707 99788
33 99383 99505 99613 99708 99790
33 99385 99507 99615 99710 99791
34 99388 99509 99617 99711 99792
35 9.99390 9,99511 9.99618 9.99713 9.99793
36 99392 99513 99620 99714 99795
37 99394 99515 99622 99716 99796
38 99396 99517 99624 99717 99797
39 99398 99518 99625 99718 99798
30 9.99400 9. 99520 9.99627 9.99720 9.99800
31 99402 99522 99629 99721 99801
33 99404 99524 99630 99723 99802
33 99407 99526 99632 99724 99803
34 99409 99528 99633 99726 99804
35 9.99411 9.99530 9. 99635 9.99727 9.99806
36 99413 99532 99637 99728 99807
37 99415 99533 99638 99730 99808
38 99417 99535 99640 99731 99809
39 99419 99537 99642 99733 99810
40 9.99421 9. 99539 9.99643 9.99734 9.99812
41 99423 99541 99645 99736 99813
43 99425 99543 99647 99737 99814
43 99427 99545 99648 99738 99815
44 99429 99546 99650 99740 99816
45 9. 99432 9.99548 9.99651 9.99741 9.99817
46 99434 99550 99653 99742 99819
47 99436 99552 99655 99744 99820
48 99438 99554 99656 99745 99821
49 99440 99556 99658 99747 99822
50 9.99442 9.99557 9.99659 9.99748 9.99823
61 99444 99559 99661 99749 99824
62 99446 99561 99663 99751 99825
63 99448 99563 99664 99752 99827
64 99450 99565 99666 99753 99828
65 9.99452 9. 99566 9.99667 9.99755 9.99829
66 99454 99568 99669 99756 99830
67 99456 99570 99670 99757 99831
68 99458 99572 99672 99759 99832
59 99460 99574 99674 99760 99833
60 9.99462 9.99575 9.99675 9.99761 9.99834
9° 8° 7° 6° 5°
Cos 170° 171° 172° 173° 174°

150
SINES AND COSINES
94° 93° 92° 91° 90° bin
85° 86° 87° 88° 89°
9.99834 9.99894 9. 99940 9. 99974 9.99993 60'
99S36 99895 99941 99974 99994 59
99837 99896 99942 99974 99994 58
99838 99897 99942 99975 99994 57
99839 99898 99943 99975 99994 56
9.99840 9.99898 9.99944 9.99976 9.99994 55
99841 99899 99944 99976 99995 54
99842 99900 99945 99977 99995 53
99843 99901 99946 99977 99995 53
99844 99902 99946 99977 99995 51
9.99845 9.99903 9.99947 9.99978 9.99995 50
99846 99904 99948 99978 99996 49
99847 99904 99948 99979 99996 48
99848 99905 99949 99979 99996 47
99850 99906 99949 99979 99996 46
9.99851 9.99907 9.99950 9. 99980 9.99996 45
99852 99908 99951 99980 99996 44
99853 99909 99951 99981 99997 43
99854 99909 99952 99981 99997 42
99855 99910 99952 99981 99997 41
9.99856 9.99911 9.99953 9.99982 9.99997 40
99857 99912 99954 99982 99997 39
99858 99913 99954 99982 99997 38
99859 99913 99955 99983 99997 37
99860 99914 99955 99983 99998 36
9.99861 9.99915 9. 99956 9.99983 9.99998 35
99862 99916 99956 99984 99998 34
99863 99917 99957 99984 99998 33
99864 99917 99958 99984 99998 33
99865 99918 99958 99985 99998 31
9.99866 9.99919 9. 99959 9.99985 9.99998 30
99867 99920 99959 99985 99998 29
99868 99920 99960 99986 99999 38
99869 99921 99960 99986 99999 37
99870 99922 99961 99986 99999 36
9.99871 9. 99923 9. 99961 9.99987 9.99999 35
99872 99923 99962 99987 99999 34
99873 99924 99962 99987 99999 33
99874 99925 99963 99988 99999 33
99875 99926 99963 99988 99999 31
9.99876 9.99926 9.99964 9.99988 9. 99999 30
99877 99927 99964 99989 99999 19
99878 99928 99965 99989 99999 18
99879 99929 99966 99989 99999 17
99879 99929 99966 99989 00000 16
9.99880 9,99930 9.99967 9. 99990 0. 00000 15
99881 99931 99967 99990 00000 14
99882 99932 99967 99990 00000 13
99883 99932 99968 99990 00000 13
99884 99933 99968 99991 00000 11
9,99885 9. 99934 9.99969 9 99991 0.00000 10
99886 99934 99969 99991 00000 9
99887 99935 99970 99992 00000 8
99888 99936 99970 99992 00000 7
99889 99936 99971 99992 00000 6
9.99890 9.99937 9.99971 9. 99992 0. 00000 5
99891 99938 99972 99992 00000 4
99891 99938 99972 99993 00000 3
99892 99939 99973 99993 00000 2
99893 99940 99973 99993 00000 1
9.99894 9.99940 9.99974 9.99993 0. 00000

4° 3° 2° 1° 0° Cos
175° 176° 177° 178° 179°

151
 III. LOGARITHMIC
179° 178° 177° 176° 175°
Tan 0° 1° 2° 3° 4°
0' — 00 8.24192 8.54308 8.71940 8.84464
1 6.46373 24910 54669 72181 84646
2 76476 25616 55027 72420 84826
3 94085 26312 55382 72659 85006
4 7.06579 26996 55734 72896 85185
5 7.16270 8.27669 8.56083 8.73132 8.85363
6 24188 28332 50429 73366 85540
7 30882 28986 56773 73600 85717
8 36682 29629 57114 73832 85893
9 41797 30263 574.52 74063 86069
10 7.46373 8.30888 8.57788 8.74292 8. 86243
11 50512 31505 58121 74521 86417
13 54291 32112 58451 74748 86591
13 57767 32711 58779 74974 86763
14 60986 33302 59105 75199 86935
15 7.63982 8.33886 8.59428 8.75423 8. 87106
16 66785 34461 59749 75645 87277
17 69418 35029 60068 75867 87447
18 71900 35590 603S4 76087 87616
19 74248 36143 60098 76306 87785
20 7.76476 8.36689 8.61009 8.76525 8.87953
21 78595 37229 61319 76742 88120
22 80615 37762 61626 76958 88287
23 82546 38289 61931 77173 88453
24 84394 38809 62234 77387 88618
25 7.86167 8.39323 8.62535 8.77600 8. 88783
26 87871 39832 62834 77811 88948
27 89510 40334 63131 78022 89111
28 91089 40830 63426 78232 89274
29 92613 41321 63718 78441 89437
30 7.94086 8.41807 8.64009 8.78649 8.89598
31 95510 42287 64298 78855 89760
32 96889 42762 64585 79061 89920
98225 43232 64870 79266 90080
it 99522 43696 65154 79470 90240
35 8.00781 8.44156 8.65435 8.79673 8.90399
36 02004 44611 65715 79875 90557
37 03194 45061 65993 80070 90715
38 04353 45507 66269 80277 90872
39 05481 45948 66543 80476 91029
40 8.00581 8.46385 8.66816 8.80674 8.91185
41 07653 46817 67087 80872 91340
42 08700 47245 07356 81068 91495
43 09722 47669 67624 81264 91650
44 10720 48089 67890 81459 91803
45 8.11696 8.48505 S. 68154 8.81653 8.91957
46 12651 48917 68417 81846 92110
47 13585 49325 68078 82038 92202
48 14500 49729 68938 82230 92414
49 15395 50130 69196 82420 92565
60 8.16273 8.50527 8.69453 8.82610 8.92716
51 17133 50920 69708 82799 92866
62 17976 51310 69962 82987 93016
53 18804 51696 70214 83175 93165
64 19616 52079 70465 83361 93313
65 8.20413 8.52459 8.70714 8.83547 8.93462
56 21195 52835 70962 83732 93609
67 21964 53208 71208 83916 93756
58 22720 53578 71453 84100 93903
59 23402 53945 71697 84282 94049
60 8.24192 8.54308 8.71940 8.84464 8.94195
89° 88° 87° 86° 85°
Cot 90° 91° 92° 93° 94°

152
TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS
174° 173° 172° 171° 170° Tan
5° 6° 7° 8° 9°
8.94195 9.02162 9.08914 14780
f^.
9.19971 ecK
94340 02283 09019 14872 20053 59
94485 02404 09123 14963 20134 58
94630 02525 09227 15054 20216 67
94773 02645 09330 15145 20297 56
8-94917 9.02766 9.09434 9.15236 9.20378 55
950G0 02885 09537 15327 20459 54
95202 03005 09640 15417 20540 53
95344 03124 09742 15508 20621 53
95486 03242 09845 15598 20701 51
8. 95627 9.03361 9.09947 9.15688 9.20782 50
95767 03479 10049 15777 20862 49
95908 03597 10150 15867 20942 48
96047 03714 10252 15956 21022 47
96187 03832 10353 16046 21102 46
8.96325 9.03948 9.10454 9.16135 9.21182 45
96464 04065 10555 16224 21261 44
96602 04181 10656 16312 21341 43
96739 04297 10756 16401 21420 43
96877 04413 10856 16489 21499 41
8.97013 9.04528 9.10956 9.16577 9.21578 40
97150 04643 11056 16665 21657 39
97285 04758 11155 16753 21736 38
97421 04873 11254 16841 21814 37
97556 04987 11353 16928 21893 36
8.97691 9.05101 9.11452 9.17016 9.21971 35
97825 05214 11551 17103 22049 34
97959 05328 11649 17190 22127 33
98092 05441 11747 17277 22205 33
98225 05553 11845 17363 22283 31
8.98358 9.05666 9.11943 9.17450 9.22361 30
98490 05778 12040 17536 22438 39
98622 05890 12138 17622 22516 38
98753 06002 12235 17708 22593 37
98884 06113 12332 17794 22670 36
8.99015 9.06224 9.12428 9.17880 9.22747 35
99145 06335 12525 17965 22824 34
99275 06445 12621 18051 22901 33
99405 06556 12717 18136 22977 33
99534 06666 12813 18221 23054 31
8.99662 9.06775 9.12909 9.18306 9.23130 30
99791 06885 13004 18391 23206 19
99919 06994 13099 18475 23283 18
9.00046 07103 13194 18560 23359 17
00174 07211 13289 18644 23435 16
9.00301 9.07320 9.13384 9.18728 9.23510 15
00427 07428 13478 18812 23586 14
00553 07536 13573 18896 23661 13
00679 07643 13667 18979 23737 13
00805 07751 13761 19063 23812 11
9.00930 9.07858 9.13854 9.19146 9.23887 10
01055 07964 13948 19229 23962 9
01179 08071 14041 19312 24037 8
01303 08177 14134 19395 24112 7
01427 08283 14227 19478 24186 6
9.01550 9.08389 9.14320 9.19561 9.24261 5
01673 08495 14412 19643 24335 4
01796 08600 14504 19725 24410 3
01918 08705 14597 19807 24484 3
02040 08810 14688 19889 24558 1
9.02162 9.08914 9.14780 9.19971 9.24632
84° 83° 82° 81° 80° Cot
95° 96° 1
97° 98° 99°

153
 III. LOGARITHMIC
169° 168° 167° 166° 165°
Tan 10° 11° 12° 13° 14°
0' 9.24632 9.28865 9.32747 9.36336 9.39677
1 24706 28933 32810 36394 39731
2 24779 29000 32872 36452 39785
3 24853 29067 32933 36509 39838
4 24926 29134 32995 36566 39892
5 9.25000 9.29201 9.33057 9.36624 9.39945
6 25073 29268 33119 36681 39999
7 25146 29335 33180 36738 40052
8 25219 29402 33242 36795 40106
9 25292 29468 33303 36852 40159
10 9.25365 9.29535 9.33365 9.36909 9.40212
11 25437 29601 33426 36966 40266
13 25510 29668 33487 37023 40319
13 25582 29734 33548 37080 40372
14 25655 29800 33609 37137 40425
15 9.25727 9.29866 9.33670 9.37193 9.40478
16 25799 29932 33731 37250 40531
17 25871 29998 33792 37306 40584
18 25943 30064 33853 37363 40636
19 26015 30130 33913 37419 40689
20 9.26086 9.30195 9.33974 9.37476 9.40742
21 26158 30261 34034 37532 40795
22 26229 30326 34095 37588 40847
23 26301 30391 34155 37644 40900
24 26372 30457 34215 37700 40952
25 9.26443 9.30522 9.34276 9.37756 9.41005
26 26514 30587 34336 37812 41057
R7 26585 30652 34396 37868 41109
28 26655 30717 34456 37924 41161
29 26726 30782 34516 37980 41214
30 9.26797 9.30846 9.34576 9.38035 9.41266
31 26867 30911 34635 38091 41318
32 26937 30975 34695 38147 41370
33 27008 31040 34755 38202 41422
34 27078 31104 34814 38257 41474
35 9.27148 9.31168 9.34874 9.38313 9.41526
36 27218 31233 34933 38368 41578
37 27288 31297 34992 38423 41629
38 27357 31361 35051 38479 41681
39 27427 31425 35111 38534 41733
40 9.27496 9.31489 9.35170 9.38589 9.41784
41 27566 31552 35229 38644 41836
42 27635 31616 35288 38699 41887
43 27704 31679 35347 38754 41939
44 27773 31743 35405 38808 41990
45 9.27842 9.31806 9.35464 9.38863 9.42041
46 27911 31870 35523 38918 42093
47 27980 31933 35581 38972 42144
48 28049 31996 35640 39027 42195
49 28117 32059 35698 39082 42246
60 9.28186 9.32122 9.35757 9.39136 9.42297
61 28254 32185 35815 39190 42348
62 28323 32248 35873 39245 42399
63 28391 32311 35931 39299 42450
64 28459 32373 35989 39353 42501
55 9.28527 9.32436 9.36047 9.39407 9 42552
66 28595 32498 36105 39461 42603
67 28662 32561 36163 39515 42653
68 28730 32623 36221 39569 42704
69 28798 32685 36279 39623 42755
60 9.28865 9.32747 9.36336 9.39677 9.42805
79° 78° 77° 76° 75°
Cot 100° 101° 102° 103° 104°

154
 TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS
164° 163° 162° 161° 160° Tan
15° 16° 17° 18° 19°
9.42805 9.45750 9.48534 9.51178 9.53697 6(y
42856 45797 48579 51221 53738 59
42906 45845 48624 51264 53779 58
42957 45892 48669 51306 53820 57
43007 45940 48714 51349 53861 56
9.43057 9.45987 9.48759 9.51392 9.53902 55
43108 46035 48804 51435 53943 54
43158 46082 48849 51478 53984 53
43208 46130 48894 51520 54025 53
43258 46177 48939 51563 54065 51
9.43308 9.46224 9.48984 9.51606 9.54106 50
43358 46271 49029 51648 54147 49
43408 46319 49073 51691 54187 48
43458 46366 49118 51734 54228 47
43508 46413 49163 51776 54269 46
9.43558 9.46460 9.49207 9.51819 9.54309 45
43607 46507 49252 51861 54350 44
43657 46554 49296 51903 54390 43
43707 46601 49341 51946 54431 43
43756 46648 49385 51988 54471 41
9.43806 9.46694 9.49430 9.52031 9.54512 40
43855 46741 49474 52073 54552 39
43905 46788 49519 52115 54593 38
43954 46835 49563 52157 54633 37
44004 46881 49607 52200 54673 36
9.44053 9.46928 9.49652 9.52242 9.54714 35
44102 46975 49696 52284 54754 34
44151 47021 49740 52326 54794 33
44201 47068 49784 52368 54835 33
44250 47114 49828 52410 54875 31
9.44299 9.47160 9.49872 9.52452 9.54915 30
44348 47207 49916 52494 54955 39
44397 47253 49960 52536 54995 38
44446 47299 50004 52578 55035 37
44495 47346 50048 52620 55075 36
9.44544 9.47392 9.50092 9.52661 9.55115 35
44592 47438 50136 52703 55155 34
44641 47484 50180 52745 55195 33
44690 47530 50223 52787 55235 33
44738 47576 50267 52829 55275 31
9.44787 9.47622 9.50311 9.52870 9.55315 30
44836 47668 50355 52912 55355 19
44884 47714 50398 52953 55395 18
44933 47760 50442 52995 55434 17
44981 47806 50485 53037 55474 16
9.45029 9.47852 9.50529 9.53078 9.55514 15
45078 47897 50572 53120 55554 14
45126 47943 50616 53161 55593 13
45174 47989 50659 53202 55633 13
45222 48035 50703 53244 55673 11
9.45271 9.48080 9.50746 9.53285 9.55712 10
45319 48126 50789 53327 55752 9
45367 48171 50833 53368 55791 8
45415 48217 50876 53409 55831 7
45463 48262 50919 53450 55870 6
9.45511 9.48307 9.50962 9.53492 9.55910 5
45559 48353 51005 53533 55949 4
45606 48398 51048 53574 55989 3
45654 48443 51092 53615 56028 3
45702 48489 51135 53656 56067 1
9.45750 9.48534 9.51178 9.53697 9.56107
74° 73° 73° 71° 70° Cot
105° 106° 107° 108° 109°

155

...
 III. LOGARITHMIC
159° 158° 157° 156° 155°
Tan 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
0' 9.56107 9.58418 9.60641 9.62785 9.64858
1 56146 58455 60677 62820 64892
2 56185 58493 60714 62855 64926
3 56224 58531 60750 62890 64960
4 56264 58569 60786 62926 64994
5 9.56303 9.58606 9.60823 9.62961 9.65028
6 56342 58644 60859 62996 65062
7 56381 58681 60895 63031 65096
8 56420 58719 60931 63066 65130
9 56459 58757 60967 63101 65164
10 9.56498 9.58794 9.61004 9.63135 9.65197
11 56537 58832 61040 63170 65231
13 56576 58869 61076 63205 65265
13 56615 58907 61112 63240 65299
14 56654 58944 61148 63275 65333
15 9.56693 9.58981 9.61184 9.63310 9.65366
16 56732 59019 61220 63345 65400
17 56771 59056 61256 63379 65434
18 56810 59094 61292 63414 65467
19 56849 59131 61328 63449 65501
20 9.56887 9.59168 9.61364 9.63484 9.65535
21 56926 59205 61400 63519 65568
22 56965 59243 61436 63553 65692
23 57004 59280 61472 63588 65636
24 57042 59317 61508 63623 65669
25 9.75081 9.59354 9.61544 9.63657 9.65703
26 57120 59391 61579 63692 65736
27 57158 59429 61615 63726 65770
28 57197 59466 61651 63761 65803
29 57235 59503 61687 63796 65837
30 9.57274 9.59540 9.61722 9.63830 9.65870
31 57312 59577 61758 63865 65904
32 57351 59614 61794 63899 65937
33 57389 59651 61830 63934 65971
34 57428 59688 61865 63968 06004
35 9.57466 9.59725 9.61901 9.64003 9.66038
36 57504 59762 61936 64037 66071
37 57543 59799 61972 64072 66104
38 57581 59835 62008 64106 66138
39 57619 59872 62043 64140 66171
40 9.57658 9.59909 9.62079 9.64175 9.66204
41 57696 59946 62114 6^1209 66238
42 57734 59983 62150 64243 66271
43 57772 60019 62185 64278 66304
44 57810 60056 62221 64312 66337
45 9.57849 9.60093 9.62256 9.64346 9.66371
46 57887 60130 62292 64381 66404
47 57925 60166 62327 64415 66437
48 57963 60203 62362 64449 66470
49 58001 60240 62398 64483 66503
50 9.58039 9.60276 9.62433 9.64517 9.66537
61 58077 60313 62468 64552 66570
52 58115 60349 02504 64586 66603
53 58153 60386 62539 64620 66636
54 58191 60422 62574 64654 06669
55 9.58229 9.60459 9.62609 9.64688 9.66702
56 58207 60495 62645 64722 66735
57 58304 60532 62680 64756 66768
58 58342 60508 62715 64790 66801
59 583S0 60605 62750 64824 66834
60 9.58418 9.60641 9.62785 9.64858 9.66867
69° 68° 67° 66° 65°
Cot 110° 111° 112° 113'' 114°

15G
TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS
r 154° 153° 152° 151° 150° Tan
25° 26° 27° 28° 29°
9.66867 9.68818 9.70717 9.72567 9.74375 60'
66900 68850 70748 72598 74405 59
66933 68882 70779 72628 74435 58
66966 68914 70S10 72659 74465 57
66999 68946 70841 72689 74494 56
9.67032 9.68978 9.70873 9.72720 9.74524 55
67065 69010 70904 72750 74554 54
67098 69042 70935 72780 74583 53
67131 69074 70966 72811 74613 52
67163 69106 70997 72841 74643 51
9.67196 9.69138 9.71028 9.72872 9.74673 50
67229 69170 71059 72902 74702 49
67262 69202 71090 72932 74732 48
67295 69234 71121 72963 74762 47
67327 69266 71153 72993 74791 46
9.67360 9.69298 9.71184 9.73023 9.74821 45
67393 69329 71215 73054 74851 44
67426 69361 71246 73084 74880 43
67458 69393 71277 73114 74910 42
67491 69425 71308 73144 74939 41
9.67524 9.69457 9.71339 9.73175 9.74969 40
67556 69488 71370 73205 74998 39
67589 69520 71401 73235 75028 38
67622 69552 71431 73265 75058 37
67654 69584 71462 73295 75087 36
9.67687 9.69615 9.71493 9.73326 9.75117 35
67719 69647 71524 73356 75146 34
67752 69679 71555 73386 75176 33
67785 69710 71586 73416 75205 33
67817 69742 71617 73446 75235 31
9.67850 9.69774 9.71648 9.73476 9.75264 30
67882 69805 71679 73507 75294 29
67915 69837 71709 73537 75323 28
67947 69868 71740 73567 75353 27
67980 69900 71771 73597 75382 2S
9.68012 9.69932 9.71802 9.73627 9.75411 25
68044 69963 71833 73657 75441 24
68077 69995 71863 73687 75470 23
68109 70026 71894 73717 75500 22
68142 70058 71925 73747 75529 21
9.68174 9.70089 9.71955 9.73777 9.75558 20
68206 70121 71986 73807 75588 19
68239 70152 72017 73837 75617 18
68271 70184 72048 73867 75647 1?
68303 70215 72078 73897 75676 16
9.68336 9.70247 9.72109 9.73927 9.75705 15
68368 70278 72140 73957 75735 14
68400 70309 72170 73987 75764 13
68432 70341 72201 74017 75793 13
68465 70372 72231 74047 75822 11
9.68497 9.70404 9.72262 9.74077 9.75852 IC
68529 70435 72293 74107 75881 9
68561 70466 72323 74137 75910 8
68593 70498 72354 74166 75939 7
68626 70529 72384 74196 75969 6
9.68658 9.70560 9.72415 9.74226 9.75998 5
68690 70592 72445 74256 76027 4
68722 70623 72476 74286 76056 3
68754 70654 72506 74316 76086 2
68786 70685 72537 74345 76115 1
9.68818 9.70717 9.72567 9.74375 9.76144
64° 63° 62° 61° 60° Cot
115° 116° 117° 118° 119°

157
 III. LOGARITHMIC
149° 148° 147° 146° 1 145°
Tan 30° 31° 32° 33° 34°
(y 9.76144 9.77877 9.79579 9.81252 9.82899
1 76173 77906 79607 81279 82926
2 76202 77935 79635 81307 82953
3 76231 77963 79663 81335 82980
4 76261 77992 79691 81362 83008
5 9.76290 9.78020 9.79719 9.81390 9.83035
6 76319 78049 79747 81418 83062
7 76348 78077 79776 81445 83089
8 76377 78106 79804 81473 83117
9 76406 78135 79832 81500 83144
10 9.76435 9.78163 9.79860 9.81528 9.83171
11 76464 78192 79888 81556 83198
12 76493 78220 79916 81583 83225
13 76522 78249 79944 81611 83252
14 76551 78277 79972 81638 83280
15 9.76580 9.78306 9.80000 9.81666 9.83307
16 76609 78334 80028 81693 83334
17 76639 78363 80056 81721 83361
18 76668 78391 80084 81748 83388
19 76697 78419 80112 81776 83415
29 9,76725 9.78448 9.80140 9.81803 9.83442
21 76754 78476 80168 81831 83470
22 76783 78505 80195 81858 83497
23 76812 78533 80223 81886 83524
24 76841 78562 80251 81913 83551
25 9.76870 9.78590 9.80279 9.81941 9.83578
26 76899 78618 80307 81968 83605
27 76928 78647 80335 81996 83632
28 76957 78675 80363 82023 83659
29 76986 78704 80391 82051 83683
30 9.77015 9.78732 9.80419 9.82078 9.83713
31 77044 78760 80447 82106 83740
32 77073 78789 80474 82133 83768
33 77101 78817 80502 82161 83795
34 77130 78845 80530 82188 83822
35 9.77159 9.78874 9.80558 9.82215 9.S3849
36 77188 78902 80586 82243 83876
37 77217 78930 80614 82270 83903
38 77246 78959 80642 82298 83930
39 77274 78987 80669 82325 83957
40 9.77303 9.79015 9.80697 9.82352 9.83984
41 77332 79043 80725 82380 84011
42 77361 79072 80753 82407 84038
43 77390 79100 80781 82435 840C5
44 77418 79128 80808 82462 84092
45 9.77447 9.79156 9.80836 9.82489 9.84119
46 77476 79185 80864 82517 84146
47 77505 79213 80892 82544 84173
48 77533 79241 80919 82571 84200
49 77562 79269 80947 82599 84227
50 9.77591 9.79297 9.80975 9.82626 9.84254
51 77619 79326 81003 82653 84280
52 77648 79354 81030 82681 84307
53 77677 79382 81058 82708 84334
54 77706 79410 81086 82735 84361
55 9.77734 9.79438 9.81113 9.82702 9.84388
56 77763 79466 81141 82790 84415
57 77791 79495 81169 82817 84442
58 77820 79523 81196 82844 84409
59 77849 79551 81224 82871 84406
60 9.77877 9.79579 9.81252 9.82899 9.84523
59° 58° 57° 56° 55°
Cot 1 120° 121° 122° 123° 124°

158
TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS
T44« 143' 142° 141* 140' Tan
35= 36= 37' 38' 39°
9.84523 9.86126 9.87711 9.89281 9.90837 60'
84550 86153 87738 89307 90863 59
84576 86179 87764 89333 90889 58
84603 86206 87790 89359 90914 57
84630 86232 87817 89385 90940 56
9.84657 9.86259 ,87843 9.89411 9.90966 55
84684 862S5 87869 89437 90992 54
84711 86312 87895 89463 91018 53
84738 86338 87922 89489 91043 62
84764 86365 87948 89515 91069 51
9.84791 9.86392 87974 8.89541 9.91095 50
84818 86418 88000 89567 91121 49
84845 86445 88027 89593 91147 48
84872 86471 88053 89619 91172 47
84899 86498 88079 89645 91198 46
9.84925 9.86524 88105 9.89671 9.91224 45
84952 86551 88131 89697 91250 44
84979 86577 88158 89723 91276 43
85006 86603 88184 89749 91301 49
85033 86630 88210 89775 91327 41
9.85059 9.86656 88236 9.89801 9.91353 40
85086 86683 88262 89827 91379 39
85113 86709 88289 89853 91404 38
85140 86736 88315 89879 91430 37
85166 86762 88341 89905 91456 36
9.85193 9.86789 9.88367 9.89931 9.91482 35
85220 86815 88393 89957 91507 34
85247 86842 88420 89983 91533 33
85273 86868 88446 90009 91559 32
85300 86894 88472 90035 91585 31
9.85327 9.86921 88498 9.90061 9.91610 30
85354 86947 88524 90086 91636 29
85380 86974 88550 90112 91662 28
85407 87000 88577 90138 91688 27
85434 87027 88603 90164 91713 26
9.85460 9.87053 88629 9.90190 9.91739 25
85487 87079 88655 90216 91765 24
85514 87106 88681 90242 91791 23
85540 87132 88707 90268 91816 22
85567 87158 88733 90294 91842 21
9.85594 9.87185 9.88759 9.90320 91868 20
85620 87211 88786 90346 91893 19
85647 87238 88812 90371 91919 18
85674 87264 88838 90379 91945 17
85700 87290 88864 90423 91971 16
9.85727 9.87317 9.88890 9.90449 91996 15
85754 87343 88916 90475 92022 14
85780 87369 88942 90501 92048 13
85807 87396 88968 90527 92073 12
85834 87422 88994 90553 92099 11
9.85860 9.87448 89020 90578 92125 10
85887 87475 89046 90604 92150 9
85913 87501 89073 90630 92176 8
85940 87527 89099 90656 92202 7
85967 87554 89125 90682 92227 6
9.85993 9.87580 89151 90708 92253 5
86020 87606 89177 90734 92279 4
86046 87633 89203 90759 92304 3
86073 87659 89229 90785 92330 2
86100 87685 89255 90811 9235o 1
9.86126 9.87711 9.89281 9.90837 9.92381
53° 52° 51° 50° Cot
125° 126° 127' 128' 129°

159
 m. LOGARITHMIC
139° 13s° 137° 136° 135°
Tan 40° 41° 4:1° 43° 44°
c 9.92381 9.93916 9.95444 9.96966 9.98484
1 92407 93942 95469 96991 98509
2 92433 93967 95495 97016 98534
3 92458 93993 95520 97042 98560
4 92484 94018 95545 97067 98585
5 9.92510 9.94044 9.95571 9.97092 9.98610
6 92535 94069 95596 97118 98635
7 925G1 94095 95622 97143 98661
8 92587 94120 95647 97168 98686
9 92612 94146 95672 97193 98711
10 9.92638 9.94171 9.95698 9.97219 9.98737
11 92663 94197 95723 97244 98762
13 92689 94222 95748 97269 98787
13 92715 94248 95774 97295 98812
14 92740 94273 95799 97320 98838
15 9.92766 9.94299 9.95825 9.97345 9.98863
16 92792 94324 95850 97371 98888
17 92817 94350 95875 97396 98913
18 92843 94375 95901 97421 98939
19 92868 94401 95926 97447 98964
30 9.92894 9.94426 9.95952 9.97472 9.98989
31 92920 94452 95977 97497 99015
33 92945 94477 96002 97523 99040
33 92971 94503 96028 97548 99065
34 92996 94528 96053 97573 99090
35 9.93022 9.94554 9.96078 9.97598 9.99116
36 93048 94579 96104 97624 99141
37 93073 94604 96129 97649 99166
38 93099 94630 96155 97674 99191
39 93124 94655 96180 97700 99217
30 9.93150 9.94681 9.96205 9.97725 9.99242
31 93175 94706 96231 97750 99267
33 93201 94732 96256 97776 99293
33 93227 94757 96281 97801 99318
34 93252 94783 96307 97826 99343
35 9.93278 9.94808 9.96332 9.97851 9.99368
36 93303 94834 96357 97877 99394
37 93329 94859 96383 97902 99419
38 93354 94884 96408 97927 99444
39 93380 94910 96433 97953 99469
40 9.93406 9.94935 9.96459 9.97978 9.99495
41 93431 94961 96484 98003 99520
43 93457 94986 98510 98029 99545
43 93482 95012 96535 98054 99570
44 93508 95037 96560 98079 99596
45 9.93533 9.950G2 9.96586 9.98104 9.99621
46 93559 95088 96611 98130 99646
47 93584 95113 96636 98155 99672
48 93610 95139 96662 98180 99697
49 93636 95104 96687 98206 99722
50 9.93661 9.95190 9.96712 9.98231 9.99747
51 93687 95215 96738 98256 99773
63 93712 95240 96763 98281 99798
53 93738 95266 96788 98307 99823
54 93763 95291 96814 98332 99848
55 9.93789 9.95317 9.96839 9.98357 9.99874
56 93814 95342 96864 98383 99899
57 93840 95368 96890 98408 99924
58 93865 95393 96915 98433 99949
59 93891 9.5418 96940 98458 99975
60 9.93916 9.95444 9.96966 9.98484 0.00000
49° 48° 47° 46° 45°
Cot 130° 131° 132° 133° 134°

160
TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS
134° 133° 132° 131° 130° Tan
45° 46° 47° 48° 49°
0.00000 0.01516 0.03034 0.04556 0.06084 GO'
00025 01542 03060 04582 06109 59
00051 01567 03085 04607 06135 58
00076 01592 03110 04632 06160 57
00101 01617 03136 0465S 06186 56
0.00126 0.01643 0.03161 0.04683 0.06211 55
00152 01668 03186 04709 06237 54
00177 01693 03212 04734 06262 53
00202 01719 03237 04760 06288 52
00227 01744 03262 04785 06313 51
0.00253 0.01769 0.03288 0.04810 0.06339 50
00278 01794 03313 04836 06364 49
00303 01820 03338 04861 06390 48
00328 01845 03364 04887 06416 47
00354 01870 03389 04912 06441 46
0.00379 0.01896 0.03414 0.04938 0.06467 45
00404 01921 03440 04963 06492 44
00430 01946 03465 04988 06518 43
00455 01971 03490 05014 06543 43
00480 01997 03516 05039 06569 41
0.00505 0.02022 0.03541 0.05065 0.06594 40
00531 02047 03567 05090 06620 39
00556 02073 03592 05116 06646 38
00581 02098 03617 05141 06671 37
00606 02123 03643 05166 06697 36
0.00632 0.02149 0.03668 0.05192 0.06722 35
00657 02174 03693 05217 06748 34
00682 02199 03719 05243 06773 33
00707 02224 03744 05268 06799 33
00733 02250 03769 05294 06825 31
0.00758 0.02275 0.03795 0.05319 0.06850 30
00783 02300 03820 05345 06876 39
00809 02326 03845 05370 06901 38
00834 02351 03871 05396 06927 37
00859 02376 03896 05421 06952 38
0.00884 0.02402 0.03922 0.05446 0.06978 35
00910 02427 03947 05472 07004 34
00935 02452 03972 05497 07029 33
00960 02477 03998 05523 07055 33
00985 02503 04023 05548 07080 31
0.01011 0.02528 0.04048 0.05574 0.07106 30
01036 02553 04074 05599 07132 19
01061 02579 04099 05625 07157 18
01087 02604 04125 05650 07183 17
01112 02629 04150 05676 07208 16
0.01137 0.02655 0.04175 0.05701 0.07234 15
01162 02680 04201 05727 07260 14
01188 02705 04226 05752 07285 13
01213 02731 04252 0577S 07311 13
01238 02756 04277 05803 07337 11
0.01263 0.02781 0.04302 0.05829 0.073G2 10
01289 02807 04328 05854 07388 9
01314 02832 04353 05880 07413 8
01339 02857 04378 05905 07439 7
01365 02882 04404 05931 07465 6
0.01390 0.02908 0.04429 0.05956 0.07490 5
01415 02933 04455 05982 07516 4
01440 02958 04480 06007 07542 3
01466 02984 04505 06033 07567 3
01491 03009 04531 06058 07593 1
0.01516 0.03034 0.04556 0.06084 0.07619
44° 43° 43° 41° 40° Cot
L 135° 136° 137° 138° 139°

161
 III. LOGARITHMIC
129° 128° 127° 126° 125°
Tan 50° 51° 52° 53° 54°
c 0.07619 0.09163 0.10719 0.12289 0.13874
1 07644 09189 10745 12315 13900
2 07670 09215 10771 12341 13927
3 07696 09241 10797 12367 13954
4 07721 09266 10823 12394 13980
5 0.07747 0.09292 0. 10849 0.12420 0.14007
6 07773 09318 10875 12446 14033
7 07798 09344 10901 12473 14060
8 07824 09370 10927 12499 14087
9 07850 09396 10954 12525 14113
10 0.07875 0.09422 0.10980 0.12552 0.14140
11 07901 09447 11006 12578 14166
12 07927 09473 11032 12604 14193
13 07952 09499 11058 12631 14220
14 07978 09525 11084 12657 14246
15 0.08004 0.09551 0.11110 0.12683 0. 14273
16 08029 09577 11136 12710 14300
17 08055 09603 11162 12736 14326
18 08081 09629 11188 12762 14353
19 08107 09654 11214 12789 14380
20 0.08132 0.09680 0.11241 0.12815 0.14406
21 08158 09706 11267 12842 14433
22 08184 09732 11293 12868 14460
23 08209 09758 11319 12894 14486
24 08235 09784 11345 12921 14513
25 0.08261 0.09810 0.11371 0.12947 0.14540
26 08287 09836 11397 12973 14.'>66
27 08312 09862 11423 13000 14593
28 08338 09888 11450 13026 14620
29 08364 09914 11476 13053 14646
30 0.08390 0.09939 0.11502 0.13079 0.14673
31 08415 09965 11528 13106 14700
32 08441 09991 11554 13132 14727
33 08467 10017 11580 13158 14753
34 08493 10043 11607 13185 14780
35 0.08518 0.10069 0.11633 0.13211 0.14807
36 08544 10095 11659 13238 14834
37 08570 10121 11685 13264 14860
38 08596 10147 11711 13291 14887
39 08621 10173 11738 13317 14914
40 0.08647 0.10199 0.11764 0. 13344 0.14941
41 08673 10225 11790 13370 14967
42 08699 10251 11816 13397 14994
43 08724 10277 11842 13423 15021
44 08750 10303 11869 13449 15048
45 0.08776 0.10329 0.11895 0. 13476 0.15075
46 08802 10355 11921 13502 15101
47 08828 10381 11947 13529 15128
48 08853 10407 11973 13555 15155
49 08879 10433 12000 13582 15182
50 0.0S905 0.10459 0.12026 0.13608 0. 15209
51 08931 10485 12052 13635 15236
52 08957 10511 12078 13662 15262
53 08982 10537 12105 13688 15289
54 09008 10563 12131 13715 15316
55 0,09034 0.10589 0.12157 0.13741 0. 15343
56 09060 10615 12183 13768 15370
57 09086 10641 12210 13794 15397
58 09111 10667 12236 13821 15424
69 09137 10693 12262 13847 15450
60 0.09163 0.10719 0. 12289 0. 13874 0.15477
39° 38° 37° 36° 35°
Cot 140° 141° 142° 143° 144°

162
TANGEIfTS AND COTANGENTS
124^ 123' 122' 121< 120' Tan
55^ 56= 57' 58' 59'
0.15477 0.17101 0. 18748 0.20421 0.22123 6(K
15504 17129 18776 20449 22151 59
15531 17156 18804 20477 22180 58
15558 17183 18831 20505 22209 57
15585 17210 18859 20534 22237 56
0.15612 0.17238 0.18887 20562 0.22266 55
15639 17265 18914 20590 22294 54
15666 17292 18942 20618 22323 53
15693 17319 18970 20646 22352 52
15720 17347 18997 20674 22381 51
0.15746 0.17374 0.19025 0.20703 0.22409 60
15773 17401 19053 20731 22438 49
15800 17429 19081 20759 23467 48
15827 17456 19108 20787 23495 47
15854 17483 19136 20815 23524 46
0.15881 0,17511 0.19164 0.20844 0.23553 45
15908 17538 19192 20872 23582 44
15935 17565 19219 20900 23610 43
15962 17593 19247 20928 23639 43
15989 17620 19275 20957 22668 41
0.16016 0.17648 0.19303 0.20985 0.22697 40
16043 17675 19331 21013 22726 39
16070 17702 19358 21041 22754 38
16097 17730 19386 21070 22783 37
16124 17757 19414 21098 22812 36
0.16151 0.17785 0.19442 0.21126 0.22841 35
16178 17812 19470 21155 22870 34
16205 17839 19498 21183 22899 33
16232 17867 19526 21211 22927 32
16260 17894 19553 21240 22956 31
0.16287 0.17922 0.19581 0.21268 0.22985 30
16314 17949 19609 21296 23014 29
16341 17977 19637 21325 23043 28
16368 18004 19665 21353 23072 27
16395 18032 19693 21382 23101 26
0.16422 0.18059 0.19721 0.21410 0.23130 25
16449 18087 19749 21438 23159 24
16476 18114 19777 21467 23188 23
16503 18142 19805 21495 23217 22
16530 18169 19832 21524 23246 21
0.16558 0.18197 0.19860 0.21552 0.23275 20
16585 18224 19888 21581 23303 19
16612 18252 19916 21609 23332 18
16639 18279 19944 21637 23361 17
16666 18307 19972 21666 23391 16
0.16693 0.18334 0.20000 0.21694 0.23420 15
16720 18362 20028 21723 23440 14
16748 18389 20056 21751 23478 13
16775 18417 20084 21780 23507 12
16802 18444 20112 21808 23536 11
0.16829 0.18472 0.20140 0.21837 0.23565 10
16856 18500 20168 21865 23594 9
16883 18527 20196 21894 23623 8
16911 18555 20224 21923 23652 7
16938 18582 20253 21951 23681 6
0.16965 0.18610 0.20281 0.21980 0.23710 5
16992 18638 20309 22008 23739 4
17020 18665 20337 22037 23769 3
17047 18693 20365 22065 23798 2
17074 18721 20393 22094 23827 1
0.17101 0.18748 0.20421 0.22123 0.23856
34° 33° 33° 31° 30° Cot
145° 146° 147' 148° 149°

163
 III. LOGARITHMIC
119° 118° 117° 116° 115° '

Tan 60° 61° 63° 63° 64°

0' 0.23856 0.25625 0.27433 0.29283 0.31182
1 23885 25655 27463 29315 31214
2 23914 25684 27494 29346 31246
3 23944 25714 27524 29377 31278
4 23973 25744 27555 29408 31310
5 0.24002 0.25774 0.27585 0.29440 0.31342
6 24031 25804 27616 29471 31374
7 24061 25834 27646 29502 31407
8 24090 25863 27677 29534 31439
9 24119 25893 27707 29565 31471
10 0.24148 0.25923 0.27738 0.29596 0.31503
11 24178 25953 27769 29628 31535
13 24207 25983 27799 29659 31568
13 24236 26013 27830 29691 31600
14 24265 26043 27860 29722 31632
15 0.24295 0.26073 0.27891 0.29753 0.31664
16 24324 26103 27922 29785 31697
17 24353 26133 27952 29816 31729
18 24383 26163 27983 29848 31761
19 24412 26193 28014 29879 31794
30 0.24442 0.26223 0.28045 0. 29911 0.31826
31 24471 26253 28075 29942 31858
33 24500 26283 28106 29974 31891
33 24530 26313 28137 30005 31923
34 24559 26343 28167 30037 31956
35 0.24589 0.26373 0.28198 0.30068 0.31988
36 24618 26403 28229 30100 32020
37 24647 26433 28260 30132 32053
38 24677 26463 28291 30163 32085
39 24706 26493 28321 30195 32118
30 0.24736 0.26524 0.28352 0.30226 0.32150
31 24765 26554 28383 30258 32183
33 24795 26584 28414 30290 32215
33 24824 26614 28445 30321 32248
34 24854 26644 28476 30353 32281
35 0.24883 0.26674 0.28507 0.30385 0.32313
36 24913 26705 28538 30416 32346
37 24942 26735 28569 30448 32378
38 24972 26765 28599 30480 32411
39 25002 26795 28630 30512 32444
40 0.25031 0.26825 0.28661 0.30543 0.32476
41 25061 26856 28692 30575 32509
43 25090 26886 28723 30607 32542
43 25120 26916 28754 30639 32574
44 25149 26946 28785 30671 32607
45 0.25179 0.26977 0.28816 0.30702 0.32640
46 25209 27007 28847 30734 32673
47 25238 27037 28879 30766 32705
48 25268 27068 28910 30798 32738
49 25298 27098 28941 30830 32771
50 0.25327 0.27128 0.28972 0.30862 0.32804
51 25357 27159 29003 30894 32837
53 25387 27189 29034 30926 32869
5.1 25417 27220 29065 30958 32902
54 25446 27250 29096 30990 32935
55 0.25476 0.27280 0.29127 0.31022 0.32968
56 25506 27311 29159 31054 33001
57 25535 27341 29190 31086 33034
58 25565 27372 29221 3111S 33067
59 25595 27402 29252 31150 33100
60 0.25625 0.27433 0.29283 0.31182 0.33133
39° 38° 37° 36° 35°
Cot 150° 151° 152° 153° 154°

164
TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS
114° 113° 112° 111° 110° Tan
65° 66° 67° 68° 69°
0.33133 0.35142 0.37215 0.39359 0.41582 60^
33166 35176 37250 39395 41620 59
33199 35210 37285 39432 41658 58
33232 35244 37320 39468 41696 57
33265 35278 37355 39505 41733 56
0.33298 0.35312 0.37391 0.39541 0.41771 55
33331 35346 37426 39578 41809 54
33364 35380 37461 39614 41847 53
33397 35414 37496 39651 41885 53
33430 35448 37532 39687 41923 51
0.33463 0.35483 0.37567 0.39724 0.41961 50
33497 35517 37602 39760 41999 49
33530 35551 37638 39797 42037 48
33563 35585 37673 39834 42075 47
33596 35619 37708 39870 42113 46
0.33629 0.35654 0.37744 0.39907 0.42151 45
33663 35688 37779 39944 42190 44
33696 35722 37815 39981 42228 43
33729 35757 37850 40017 42266 43
33762 35791 37886 40054 42304 41
0.33796 0.35S25 0.37921 0.40091 0.42342 40
33829 35860 37957 40128 42381 39
33862 35894 37992 40165 42419 38
33896 35928 38028 40210 42457 37
33929 35963 38064 40238 42496 36
0.33962 0.35997 0.38099 0.40275 0.42534 35
33996 36032 38135 40312 42572 34
34029 36066 38170 40349 42611 33
34063 36101 38206 40386 42649 33
34096 36135 38242 40423 42688 31
0.34130 0.36170 0.38278 0.40460 0.42726 30
34163 36204 38313 40497 42765 39
34197 36239 38349 40534 42803 38
34230 36274 38385 40571 42842 37
34264 36308 38421 40609 42880 36
0.34297 0.36343 0.38456 0.40646 0.42919 35
34331 36377 38492 40683 42958 34
34364 36412 38528 40720 42996 33
34398 36447 38564 40757 43035 33
34432 36481 38600 40795 43074 31
0.34465 0.36516 0.38636 0.40832 0.43113 30
34499 36551 38672 40869 43151 19
34533 36586 38708 40906 43190 18
34566 36621 38744 40944 43229 17
34600 36655 36780 40981 43268 16
0.34634 0.36690 0.38816 0.41019 0.43307 15
34667 36725 38852 41056 43346 14
34701 36760 38888 41093 43385 13
34735 36795 38924 41131 43424 13
34769 36830 38960 41168 43463 11
0.34803 0.36865 0.38996 0.41206 0.43502 10
34836 36899 39033 41243 43541 9
34870 36934 39069 41281 43580 8
34904 36969 39105 41319 43619 7
34938 37004 39141 41356 43658 6
0.34972 0.37039 0.39177 0.41394 0.43697 5
35006 37074 39214 41431 43736 4
35040 37110 39250 41469 43776 3
35074 37145 39286 41507 43815 3
35108 37180 39323 41545 43854 1
0.35142 0.37215 0.39359 0.41582 0.43893
34° 33° 33° 31° 30° Cot
ISS" ise** 157° 158° 159°

165
 III. LOGARITHMIC
109° 108° 107° 106° 105°
Tan 70° 71° 73° 73° 74°
c 0.43893 0.46303 0.48822 0.51466 0.54250
1 43933 46344 48865 51511 54298
3 43972 46385 48908 51557 54346
3 44011 46426 48952 51602 54394
4 44051 46467 48995 51647 54441
5 0.44090 0.46508 0.49038 0.51693 0.54489
6 44130 46550 49081 51738 54537
7 44169 46591 49124 51783 54585
8 44209 46632 49167 51829 54633
9 44248 46673 49211 51874 54681
10 0.44288 0.46715 0.49254 0.51920 0.54729
11 44327 46756 49297 51965 54778
13 44367 46798 49341 52011 54826
13 44407 46839 49384 52057 54874
14 44446 46880 49428 52103 54922
15 0.44486 0.46922 0.49471 0.52148 0.54971
16 44526 46963 49515 52194 55019
17 44566 47005 49558 52240 55067
18 44605 47047 49602 52286 55116
19 44645 47088 49645 52332 55164
20 0.44685 0.47130 0.49689 0.52378 0.55213
31 44725 47171 49733 52424 55262
33 44765 47213 49777 52470 55310
33 44805 47255 49820 52516 55359
34 44845 47297 49864 52562 55408
35 0.44885 0.47339 0.49908 0.52608 0.55456
36 44925 47380 49952 52654 55505
37 44965 47422 49996 52701 55554
38 45005 47464 50040 52747 55603
39 45045 47506 50084 52793 55652
30 0.45085 0.47548 0.50128 0.52840 0.55701
31 45125 47590 50172 52886 55750
33 45165 47632 50216 52932 55799
33 45206 47674 50260 52979 55849
34 45246 47716 50304 53025 55898
35 0.45286 0.47758 0.50348 0.53072 0.55947
36 45327 47800 50393 53119 55996
37 45367 47843 50437 53165 56046
38 45407 47885 50481 53212 56095
39 45448 47927 50526 53259 56145
40 0.45488 0.47969 0.50570 0.53306 0.56194
41 45529 48012 50615 53352 56244
43 45569 48054 50659 53399 56293
43 45610 48097 50704 53446 56343
44 45650 48139 50748 53493 56393
45 0.45691 0.48181 0.50793 0.53540 0.56442
46 45731 48224 50837 53587 56492
47 45772 48266 50882 53634 56542
48 45813 48309 50927 53681 56592
49 45853 48352 50971 53729 56642
50 0.45894 0.48394 0.51016 0.53776 0.56692
51 45935 48437 51061 53823 56742
53 45975 48480 51106 53870 56792
53 46016 48522 51151 53918 56842
54 46057 48565 51196 53965 56892
55 0.46098 0.48608 0.51241 0.54013 0.56943
56 46139 48651 51286 54060 56993
67 46180 48694 51331 54108 57043
58 46221 48736 51376 54155 57094
59 46262 48779 51421 54203 57144
60 0.46303 0.48822 0.51466 0.54250 0.57195
19° 18° 17° 16° 15°
Cot 160° 161° 162° 163° 164°

166
TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS
104° 103° 102° 101° 100° Tan
75° 76° 77° 78° 79°
0.57195 0.60323 0.63664 0.67253 0.71135 60'
57245 60377 63721 67315 71202 59
57296 60431 63779 67377 71270 58
57347 60485 63837 67439 71338 57
57397 60539 63895 67502 71405 56
0.57448 0.60593 0.63953 0.67564 0.71473 55
57499 60647 64011 67627 71541 54
57550 60701 64069 67689 71609 53
57601 60755 64127 67752 71677 53
57652 60810 64185 67815 71746 51
0.57703 0.60864 0.64243 0.67878 0.71814 50
57754 60918 64302 67941 71883 49
57805 60973 64360 68004 71951 48
57856 61028 64419 68067 72020 47
57907 61082 64477 68130 72089 46
0.57959 0.61137 0.64536 0.68194 0.72158 45
58010 61192 64595 68257 72227 44
58061 61246 64653 68321 72296 43
58113 61301 64712 68384 72365 43
58164 61356 64771 68448 72434 41
0.58216 0.61411 0.64830 0.68511 0.72504 40
58267 61466 64889 68575 72573 39
58319 61521 64949 68639 72643 38
58371 61577 65008 68703 72712 37
58422 61632 65067 68767 72782 36
0.58474 0.61687 0.65126 0.68832 0. 72852 35
58526 61743 65186 68896 72922 34
58578 61798 65245 6S960 72992 33
58630 61853 65305 69025 73063 33
58682 61909 65365 69089 73133 31
0.58734 0.61965 0.65424 0.69154 0.73203 30
58786 62020 65484 69218 73274 39
58839 62076 65544 69283 73345 38
58891 62132 65604 69348 73415 37
58943 62188 65664 69413 73486 36
0.58995 0.62244 0.65724 0.69478 0.73557 35
59048 62300 65785 69543 73628 34
59100 62356 65845 69609 73699 33
59153 62412 65905 69674 73771 33
59205 62468 65966 69739 73842 31
0.59258 0.62524 0.66026 0.69805 0.73914 30
59311 62581 66087 69870 73985 19
59364 62637 66147 69936 74057 18
59416 62694 66208 70002 74129 17
59469 62750 66269 70068 74201 16
0.59522 0.62807 0.66330 0.70134 0.74273 15
59575 62863 66391 70200 74345 14
59628 62920 66452 70266 74418 13
59681 62977 66513 70332 74490 13
59734 63034 66574 70399 74563 11
0.59788 0.63091 0.66635 0.70465 0.74635 10
59841 63148 66697 70532 74708 9
59894 63205 66758 70598 74781 8
59948 63262 66820 70665 74854 7
60001 63319 66881 70732 74927 6
0.60055 0.63376 0.66943 0.70799 0.75000 5
60108 63434 67005 70866 75074 4
60162 63491 67067 70933 75147 3
60215 63548 67128 71000 75221 3
60269 63606 67190 71067 75294 1
0.60323 0.63664 0.67253 0.71135 0.75368
14° 13° 13° 11° 10° Cot
165° 166° 167° 168° 169°

167
 III. LOGARITHMIC
99° 9S° 97° 96° 95°
Tan 80° 81° 83° 83° 84°
0' 0.75368 0.80029 0.85220 0.91086 0.97838
1 75442 80111 85312 91190 97960
2 75516 80193 85403 91295 98082
3 75590 80275 85496 91400 98204
4 75665 80357 85588 91505 98327
5 0.75739 0.80439 0.85680 0.91611 0.98450
6 75814 80522 85773 91717 98573
7 75888 80605 85866 91823 98697
8 75963 80688 85959 91929 98821
9 76038 80771 86052 92036 98945
10 0.76113 0.80854 0.86146 0.92142 0.99070
11 76188 80937 86239 92249 99195
12 76263 81021 86333 92357 99321
13 76339 81104 86427 92464 99447
14 76414 81188 86522 92572 99573
15 0.76490 0.81272 0.86616 0.92680 0.99699
1« 76565 81356 86711 92789 99826
17 76641 81440 86806 92897 99954
18 76717 81525 86901 93006 1.00081
10 76794 81609 86996 93115 00209
30 0.76870 0.81694 0.87091 0.93225 1.00338
31 76946 81779 87187 93334 00466
23 77023 81864 87283 93444 00595
33 77099 81949 87379 93555 00725
34 77176 82035 87475 93665 00855
35 0.77253 0.82120 0.87572 0.93776 1.00985
36 77330 82206 87668 93887 01116
37 77407 82292 87765 93998 01247
38 77484 82378 87862 94110 01378
39 77562 82464 87960 94222 01510
30 0.77639 0.82550 0.88057 0.94334 1.01642
31 77717 82637 88155 94447 01775
33 77795 82723 88253 94559 01908
33 77873 82810 88351 94672 02041
34 77951 82897 88449 94786 02175
35 0.78029 0.82984 0.88548 0.94899 1.02309
36 78107 83072 88647 95013 02444
37 78186 83159 88746 95127 02579
38 78264 83247 88845 95242 02715
39 78343 83335 88944 95357 02850
40 0.78422 0.83423 0.89044 0.95472 1.02987
41 78501 83511 89144 95587 03123
43 78580 83599 89244 95703 03261
43 78659 83688 89344 95819 03398
44 78739 83776 89445 95935 03536
45 0.78818 0.83865 0.89546 0.96052 1.03675
46 78898 83954 89647 96168 03813
47 78978 84044 89748 96286 03953
48 79058 84133 89850 96403 04092
49 79138 84223 89951 96521 04233
50 0.79218 0.84312 0.90053 0.96639 1.04373
51 79299 84402 90155 96758 04514
53 79379 84492 90258 93876 04656
53 79460 84583 90360 96995 04798
54 79541 84673 90463 97115 04940
55 0.79622 0.84764 0.90566 0.97234 1.05083
56 79703 84855 90670 97355 05227
57 79784 84946 90773 97475 05370
58 79866 85037 90S77 97596 05515
59 79947 85128 90981 97717 05660
60 0.80029 0.85220 0.91086 0.97838 1.05805
9° 8° 7° 6° 5°
Cot 170° 171° 172° 153° 174°

168
 TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS
94° 93° 92° 91° 90° Tan
85° 86° 87° 88° 89°
1.05805 1.15536 1.28060 45692
1 . 1 75808
.
60'
05951 15718 28303 4G055 76538 59
06097 15900 28547 46422 77280 58
06244 16084 28792 46792 78036 57
06391 16268 29038 47165 78805 56
1.06538 1.16453 1 29286
. 1.47541 1.79587 55
06687 16639 29535 47921 80384 54
06835 16825 29786 48304 81196 53
06984 17013 30038 48690 82024 52
07134 17201 30292 49080 82867 51
1.07284 1.17390 1.30547 1.49473 1.83727 50
07435 17580 30804 49870 84605 49
07586 17770 31062 50271 85500 48
07738 17962 31322 50675 86415 47
07890 18154 31583 51083 87349 46
1.08043 1.18347 1.31846 1.51495 1.88304 45
08197 18541 32110 51911 89280 44
08350 18736 32376 52331 90278 43
08505 18932 32644 52755 91300 43
08660 19128 32913 53183 92347 41
1.08815 1.19326 1.33184 1.53615 1.93419 40
08971 19524 33457 64052 94519 39
09128 29723 33731 54493 95647 38
09285 19924 34007 64939 96806 37
09443 20125 34285 55389 97996 36
1.09601 1.20327 1.34565 1.55844 1.99219 35
09760 20530 34846 56304 2.00478 34
09920 20734 35130 56768 01175 33
10080 20939 35415 57238 03111 33
10240 21145 35702 57713 04490 31
1.10402 1.21351 1.35991 1.58193 2.05914 30
10563 21559 36282 58679 07387 39
10726 21768 36574 59170 08911 38
10889 21978 36869 69666 10490 37
11052 22189 37166 60168 12129 36
1.11217 1.22400 1.37465 1.60677 2. 13833 35
11382 22613 37766 61191 15606 34
11547 22827 38069 61711 17454 33
11713 23042 38374 62238 19386 33
11880 23258 38681 62771 21405 31
1.12047 1.23475 1.38991 1.63311 2.23524 30
12215 23694 39302 63857 25752 19
12384 23913 39616 64410 28100 18
12553 24133 39932 64971 30582 17
12723 24355 40251 65539 33215 16
1.12894 1.24577 1.40572 1.66114 2.36018 15
13065 24801 40895 66698 39014 14
13237 25026 41221 67289 42233 13
13409 25252 41549 67888 45709 13
13o83 25479 41879 68495 49488 11
1.13757 1.25708 1.42212 1.69112 2.53627 10
13931 25937 42548 69737 58203 9
14107 261G8 42886 70371 63318 8
14283 26400 43227 71014 69118 7
14460 26634 43571 71668 75812 6
1.14637 1.26868 1.43917 1.72331 2.83730 5
14815 27104 44266 73004 2.93421 4
14994 27341 44618 73688 3.05915 3
15174 27580 44973 74384 3.23524 3
15354 27819 45331 75090 3.53627 1
1.15536 1.28060 1.45692 1.75808 00

4° 3° 3° 1° 0° Cot
176° 176'' 177° 178° 179<»

169

..^
 IV. NATURAL SINES
179° 178° 177° 176° 175°
Sin 0° 1° 2° 3° 4°
(y .00000 .01745 .03490 .05234 .06976
1 029 774 519 263 .07005
2 058 803 548 292 034
3 087 832 577 321 063
4 116 862 606 350 092
5 .00145 .01891 .03635 .05379 .07121
6 175 920 664 408 150
7 204 949 693 437 179
8 233 978 723 466 208
9 262 .02007 752 495 237
10 .00291 .02036 .03781 .05524 .07266
11 320 065 810 553 295
13 349 094 839 582 324
13 378 123 868 611 353
14 407 152 897 640 382
15 .00436 .02181 .03926 .05669 .07411
16 465 211 955 698 440
17 495 240 984 727 469
18 524 269 .04013 756 498
19 553 298 042 785 527
20 .00582 .02327 .04071 .05814 .07556
21 611 356 100 844 585
23 640 385 129 873 614
23 669 414 159 902 643
24 698 443 188 931 672
25 .00727 .02472 .04217 .05960 .07701
26 756 501 246 989 730
27 785 530 275 .06018 759
28 814 560 304 047 788
29 844 589 333 076 817
30 .00873 .02618 .04362 .06105 .07846
31 902 647 391 134 875
32 931 676 420 163 904
33 960 705 449 192 933
34 989 734 478 221 062
35 .01018 .02763 .04507 .06250 .07991
36 047 792 536 279 .08020
37 076 821 565 308 049
38 105 850 594 337 078
39 134 879 623 366 107
40 .01164 .02908 .04653 .06395 .08136
41 193 938 682 424 165
42 222 967 711 453 194
43 251 996 740 482 223
44 280 .03025 769 511 252
45 .01309 .03054 .04798 .06540 .08281
46 338 083 827 569 310
47 367 112 856 598 339
48 396 141 885 627 368
49 425 170 914 656 397
50 .01454 .03199 .04943 .06685 .08426
51 483 228 972 714 455
62 513 257 .05001 743 484
53 542 286 030 773 513
54 571 316 059 802 542
55 .01600 .03345 .05088 .06831 .08571
56 629 374 117 860 600
67 658 403 146 .
889 629
58 687 432 175 918 658
59 716 461 205 947 687
60 .01745 .03490 .05234 .06976 .08716

89° 88° 87° 86° 85°

Cos 90° 91° 92° 93° 94°

170
AND COSINES.
174° 173° 172° 171° 170° Sin
6° 6° 7° 8° 9°
.08716 .10453 .12187 .13917 .15643 6(y
745 482 216 946 672 59
774 511 245 975 701 68
803 540 274 .14004 730 57
831 569 302 033 758 56
.08860 .10597 .12331 .14061 .15787 55
889 626 360 090 816 54
918 655 389 119 845 53
947 684 418 148 873 53
976 713 447 177 902 51
.09005 .10742 .12476 .14205 .15931 50
034 771 504 234 959 49
063 800 533 263 988 48
092 829 562 292 .16017 47
121 858 591 320 046 46
.09150 .10887 .12620 .14349 .16074 45
179 916 649 378 103 44
208 945 678 407 132 43
237 973 706 436 160 43
266 11002 735 464 189 41
.09295 .11031 .12764 .14493 .16218 40
324 060 793 522 246 39
353 089 822 551 275 38
382 118 851 580 304 37
411 147 880 608 333 36
.09440 .11176 .12908 .14637 .16361 35
469 205 937 666 390 34
498 234 966 695 419 33
527 263 995 723 447 33
556 291 .13024 752 476 31
.09585 .11320 .13053 .14781 .16505 30
614 349 081 810 533 29
642 378 110 838 562 28
671 407 139 867 591 27
700 436 168 896 620 26
.09729 .11465 .13197 .14925 .16648 25
758 494 226 954 677 24
787 523 254 982 706 23
816 552 283 .15011 734 22
845 580 312 040 763 21
.09874 .11609 .13341 .15069 .16792 20
903 638 370 097 820 19
932 667 399 126 849 18
961 696 427 155 878 17
990 725 456 184 906 16
.10019 .11754 .13485 .15212 .16935 15
048 783 514 241 964 14
077 812 543 270 992 13
106 840 572 299 .17021 12
135 869 600 327 050 11
.10164 .11898 .13629 .15356 .17078 10
192 927 658 385 107 9
221 956 687 414 136 8
250 985 716 442 164 7
279 .12014 744 471 193 6
.10308 .12043 .13773 .15500 .17222 5
337 071 802 529 250 4
366 100 831 557 279 3
395 129 860 586 308 2
424 158 889 615 336 1
.10453 .12187 .13917 .15643 .17365
84° 83° 82° 81° 80° Cos
95° 96° 97° 98° 99°

171
 IV. NATURAL SINES
169° 168° 167° 166° 165° 1
Sin 10° 11° 13° 13° 14°
(y .17365 .19081 .20791 .22495 .24192
1 393 109 820 523 220
2 422 138 848 552 249
3 451 167 877 580 277
4 479 195 905 608 305
5 .17508 .19224 .20933 .22637 .24333
6 537 252 962 665 362
7 565 281 990 693 390
8 594 309 .21019 722 418
9 623 338 047 750 446
10 .17651 .19366 .21076 .22778 .24474
11 680 395 104 807 503
13 708 423 132 835 531
13 737 452 161 863 559
14 766 481 189 892 587
15 .17794 .19509 .21218 .22920 .24615
16 823 538 246 948 644
17 852 566 275 977 672
18 880 595 303 .23005 700
19 909 623 331 033 728
30 .17937 .19652 .21360 .23002 .24756
31 966 680 388 090 784
23 995 709 417 118 813
23 .18023 737 445 140 841
24 052 766 474 175 869
25 .18081 .19794 .21502 .23203 .24897
26 109 823 530 231 925
27 138 851 559 260 954
38 166 880 587 288 982
39 195 908 616 316 .25010
30 .18224 .19937 .21644 .23345 .25038
31 252 965 072 373 006
33 281 994 701 401 094
33 309 .20022 729 429 122
34 338 051 758 458 151
35 .18367 .20079 .21786 .23486 .25179
36 395 108 814 514 207
37 424 136 •843 542 235
38 452 165 871 571 263
39 481 193 899 599 291
40 .18509 .20222 .21928 .23627 .25320
41 538 250 956 656 348
43 567 279 985 684 376
43 595 307 .22013 712 404
44 624 336 041 740 432
45 .18652 .20364 .22070 .23769 .25460
46 681 393 098 797 488
47 710 421 126 825 516
48 738 450 155 853 545
49 767 478 183 882 573
50 .18795 .20507 .22212 .23910 .25601
51 824 535 240 938 629
53 852 563 208 966 657
53 881 592 297 995 685
54 910 620 325 .24023 713
55 .18938 .20649 .22353 .24051 .25741
56 967 677 382 079 769
57 995 706 410 108 798
58 .19024 734 438 136 820
59 052 763 467 164 854
60 .19081 .20791 .22495 .24192 .25882

79° 78° 77° 76° 75°

Cos 100° 101° 102° 103° 104°

172
 AND COSINES.
164° 163° 162° 161° 160° vSin
I

15° 16° 17° 18° 19°

.25882 .27564 .29237 .30902 .32557 ec
910 592 265 929 564 69
938 620 293 957 612 58
966 648 321 985 639 57
994 676 348 .31012 667 56
.26022 .27704 .29376 .31040 .32694 55
050 731 404 068 722 54
079 759 432 0'J5 749 53
107 787 460 123 777 53
135 815 487 151 804 51
.26163 .27843 .29515 .31178 .32832 50
191 871 543 206 859 49
219 899 571 233 887 48
247 927 599 261 914 47
275 955 626 289 942 46
.26303 .27983 .29654 .31316 .32969 45
331 .28011 682 344 997 44
359 039 710 372 .33024 43
387 067 737 399 051 43
415 095 765 427 079 41
.26443 .28123 .29793 .31454 .33106 40
471 150 821 482 134 39
500 178 849 510 161 38
528 206 876 537 189 37
556 234 904 565 216 36
.26584 .28262 .29932 .31593 .33244 35
612 290 960 620 271 34
640 318 987 648 298 33
668 346 .30015 675 326 33
696 374 043 703 353 31
.26724 .28402 .30071 .31730 .33381 30
752 429 098 758 408 29
780 457 126 786 436 28
808 485 154 813 463 37
836 513 182 841 490 26
.26864 .28541 .30209 .31868 .33518 25
892 569 237 896 545 24
920 597 265 923 573 23
948 625 292 951 600 23
976 652 320 979 627 21
.27004 .28680 .30348 .32000 .33655 20
032 708 376 034 682 19
060 730 403 061 710 18
088 764 431 089 737 17
116 792 459 116 764 16
.27144 .28820 .30486 .32144 .33792 15
172 847 514 171 819 14
200 875 542 199 846 13
228 903 570 227 874 13
256 931 597 254 901 11
.27284 .28959 .30625 .32282 .38929 10
312 987 653 309 956 9
340 .29015 680 337 983 8
368 042 708 364 .34011 7
396 070 736 392 038 6
.27424 .29098 .30763 .32419 .34065 5
452 126 791 447 093 4
4S0 154 819 474 120 3
508 182 846 502 147 3
536 209 874 529 175 1
.27564 .29237 .30902 .32557 .34202
74° 73° 72° 71° 70° Cos
105° 1 106° 107° 108° 109°

173
 IV. NATURAL SINES
159° 158° 157° 156° 155°
Sin 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
0' .34202 .35837 .37461 .39073 .40674
1 229 864 488 100 700
2 257 891 515 127 727
3 284 918 542 153 753
4 311 945 569 180 780
6 .34339 .35973 .37595 .39207 .40806
6 366 .36000 622 234 833
7 393 027 649 260 860
8 421 054 676 287 886
9 448 081 703 314 913
10 .34475 .36108 .37730 .39341 .40939
11 503 135 757 307 966
13 530 162 784 394 992
13 557 190 811 421 .41019
14 584 217 838 448 045
15 .34612 .36244 .37865 .39474 .41072
16 639 271 892 501 098
17 666 298 919 528 125
18 694 325 946 555 151
19 721 352 973 581 178
20 .34748 .36379 .37999 .39608 .41204
21 775 406 .38026 635 231
22 803 434 053 661 257
23 830 461 080 688 284
24 857 488 107 715 310
25 .34884 .36515 .38134 .39741 .41337
26 912 542 161 768 363
27 939 569 188 795 390
28 966 596 215 822 416
29 993 623 241 848 443
30 .35021 .36650 .38268 .39875 .41469
31 048 677 295 902 496
32 075 704 322 928 522
33 102 731 349 955 549
34 130 758 376 982 575
35 .35157 .36785 .38403 .40008 .41602
36 184 812 430 035 628
37 211 839 456 002 655
38 239 867 483 088 681
39 266 894 510 115 707
40 .35293 .36921 .38537 .40141 .41734
41 320 948 564 168 700
42 347 975 591 195 787
43 375 .37002 617 221 813
44 402 029 644 248 840
45 .35429 .37056 .38071 .40275 .41866
46 456 083 698 301 892
47 484 110 725 328 919
48 511 137 752 355 945
49 538 164 778 381 972
50 .35565 .37191 .38805 .40408 .41998
51 592 218 832 434 .42024
52 619 245 859 461 051
53 647 272 886 488 077
54 674 299 912 514 104
55 .35701 .37326 .38939 .40541 .42130
56 728 353 966 507 156
57 755 380 993 594 183
58 782 407 .39020 621 209
59 810 434 046 647 235
60 .35837 .37461 .39073 .40674 .42202

69° 68° 67° 66° 65°

Cos 110° 111° 112° 113° 114°

174
AND COSINES
154° 153° 152° 151° 150° Sin
25° 36° 27° 38° 39°
.42262 .43837 .45399 .46947 .48481 6(y
288 863 425 973 506 59
315 889 451 999 532 58
341 916 477 47024 557 67
367 942 503 050 583 56
.42394 .43968 .45529 .47076 .48608 55
420 994 554 101 634 54
446 .44020 580 127 659 53
473 046 606 153 684 53
499 072 632 178 710 51
.42525 .44098 .45658 .47204 .48735 50
552 124 684 229 761 49
578 151 710 255 786 48
604 177 736 281 811 47
631 203 762 306 837 46
.42657 .44229 .45787 .47332 .48862 45
683 255 813 358 888 44
709 281 839 383 913 43
736 307 865 409 938 43
762 333 891 434 964 41
.42788 .44359 .45917 .47460 .48989 40
815 385 942 486 .49014 39
841 411 968 511 040 38
867 437 994 537 065 37
894 464 .46020 562 090 36
.42920 .44490 .46046 .47588 .49116 35
946 516 072 614 141 34
972 542 097 639 166 33
999 568 123 665 192 33
.43025 594 149 690 217 31
.43051 .44620 .46175 .47716 .49242 30
077 646 201 741 268 39
104 672 226 767 293 38
130 698 252 793 318 37
150 724 278 818 344 36
.43182 .44750 .46304 .47844 .49369 35
209 776 330 869 394 24
235 802 355 895 419 33
261 828 381 920 445 33
287 854 407 946 470 31
.43313 .44880 .46433 .47971 .49495 30
340 900 458 997 521 19
366 932 484 .48022 546 18
392 958 510 048 571 17
418 984 536 073 596 16
.43445 .45010 .46561 .48099 .49622 15
471 036 587 124 647 14
497 062 613 150 672 13
523 088 639 175 697 13
549 114 664 201 723 11
.43575 .45140 .46690 .48226 .49748 10
602 166 716 252 773 9
628 192 742 277 798 8
654 218 767 303 824 7
6S0 243 793 328 849 6
.43706 .45269 .46819 .48354 .49874 5
733 295 844 379 899 4
759 321 870 405 924 3
785 347 896 430 950 3
811 373 921 456 975 1
.43837 .45399 .46947 .48481 .50000
64° 63° 63° 61° 60^ Cos
115° 116° 117° 118° 119°

175
 IV. NATURAL SINES
149° 148° 147° 146° 145°
Sin 30° 31° 33° 33° 34°
0' .50000 .51504 .52992 .54464 .55919
1 025 529 .53017 488 943
2 050 554 041 513 968
3 07G 579 066 537 992
4 101 604 091 561 .56016
5 .50126 .51628 .53115 .54586 .56040
6 151 653 140 610 064
7 176 678 164 635 088
8 201 703 189 659 112
9 227 728 214 683 136
10 .50252 .51753 .53238 .54708 .56160
11 277 778 263 732 184
13 302 803 288 756 208
13 327 828 312 781 232
14 352 852 337 805 256
15 .50377 .51877 .53361 .54829 .56280
16 403 902 386 854 305
17 428 927 411 878 329
18 453 952 435 902 353
19 478 977 460 927 377
30 .50503 .52002 .53484 .54951 .56401
21 528 026 509 975 425
22 553 051 534 999 449
23 578 076 558 .55024 473
24 603 101 583 048 497
25 .50628 .52126 .53607 .55072 .56521
26 654 151 632 097 545
27 679 175 656 121 569
28 704 200 681 145 593
29 729 225 705 169 617
30 .50754 .52250 .53730 .55194 .56641
31 779 275 754 218 665
32 804 299 779 242 689
33 829 324 804 266 713
34 854 349 828 291 736
35 .50879 .52374 .53853 .55315 .56760
36 904 399 877 339 784
37 929 423 902 363 808
38 954 448 926 388 832
39 979 473 951 412 856
40 .51004 .52498 .53975 .55436 .56880
41 029 522 .54000 460 904
42 054 547 024 484 928
43 079 572 049 509 952
44 104 597 073 533 976
45 .51129 .52621 .54097 .55557 .57000
46 154 646 122 581 024
47 179 671 146 605 047
48 204 696 171 630 071
49 229 720 195 654 095
50 .51254 .52745 .54220 .55678 .57119
51 279 770 244 702 143
52 304 794 269 726 167
53 329 819 293 750 191
54 354 844 317 775 215
55 .51379 .52869 .54342 .55799 .57238
56 404 893 366 823 262
57 429 918 391 847 286
58 454 943 415 871 310
59 479 967 440 895 334
60 .51504 .52992 .54464 .55919 .57358

59° 58° 57° 56° 55°

Cos 120° 121° 122° 123° 124°

X76
 AND COSINES
144° 143° 142° 141° 140° Sin
35° 36° 37° 38° 39°
.57358 .58779 .60182 .61566 .62932 60'
381 802 205 589 955 59
405 826 228 612 977 58
429 849 251 635 .63000 57
453 873 274 658 022 56
.57477 .58896 .60298 .61681 .63045 55
501 920 321 704 068 54
524 943 344 726 090 53
548 967 367 749 113 53
572 990 390 772 135 51
.57596 .59014 .60414 .61795 .63158 50
619 037 437 818 180 49
643 061 460 841 203 48
667 084 483 864 225 47
691 108 506 887 248 46
.57715 .59131 .60529 .61909 .63271 45
738 154 553 932 293 44
762 178 576 955 316 43
786 201 599 978 338 43
810 225 622 .62001 361 41
.57833 .59248 .60645 .62024 .63383 40
857 272 668 046 406 39
881 295 691 069 428 38
I
904 318 714 092 451 37
i
928 342 738 115 473 36
1

.57952 .59365 .60761 .62138 .63496 35

976 389 784 160 518 34
999 412 807 183 540 33
.58023 436 830 206 563 33
047 459 853 229 585 31
.58070 .59482 .60876 .62251 .63608 30
094 506 899 274 630 39
118 529 922 297 653 38
141 552 945 320 675 37
165 576 968 342 698 36
.58189 .59599 .60991 62365 .63720 35
212 622 .61015 388 742 34
236 646 038 411 765 33
260 669 061 433 787 33
283 693 084 456 810 31
.58307 .59716 .61107 .62479 .63832 30
1

330 739 130 502 854 19

354 763 153 524 877 18
378 786 176 547 899 17
401 809 199 570 922 16
.58425 .59832 .61222 .62592 .63944 15
I 449 856 245 615 966 14
472 879 268 638 989 13
496 902 291 660 .64011 13
519 926 314 683 033 11
.58543 .59949 .61337 .62706 .64056 10
567 972 360 728 078 9
590 995 383 751 100 8
614 .60019 406 774 123 7
637 042 429 796 145 6
.58661 .60065 .61451 .62819 .64167 5
684 089 474 842 190 4
708 112 497 864 212 3
731 135 520 887 234 3
1
755 158 543 909 256 1
.58779 .60182 .61566 .62932 .64279
54° 53° 53° 51° 50° Cos
125° 126° 127° 128° 129°

177
 IV. NATURAL SINES
139° 138° 137° 136° 135° 1

Sin 40° 41° 42° 43° 44°

(y .64279 .65606 .66913 .68200 .69406
1 301 628 935 221 487
2 323 650 756 242 508
3 346 672 978 264 529
4 368 694 999 285 549
5 .64390 .65716 .67021 .68306 .69570
6 412 738 043 327 591
7 435 759 064 349 612
8 457 781 086 370 633
9 479 803 107 391 654
10 .64501 .65825 .67129 .68412 .69675
11 524 847 151 434 696
12 546 869 172 455 717
13 568 891 194 476 737
14 590 913 215 497 758
15 .64612 .65935 .67237 .68518 .69779
16 635 956 258 539 800
17 657 978 280 561 821
18 679 .66000 301 582 842
19 701 022 323 603 862
20 .64723 .66044 .67344 .68624 .69883
21 746 066 366 645 904
22 768 088 387 666 925
23 790 109 409 688 946
24 S12 131 430 709 966
25 .64834 .66153 .67452 .68730 .69987
26 856 175 473 751 .70008
27 878 197 495 772 029
28 901 218 516 793 049
29 923 240 538 814 070
30 .64945 .66262 .67559 .68835 .70091
31 967 284 580 857 112
32 989 306 602 878 132
33 .65011 327 623 899 153
34 033 349 645 920 174
35 .65055 .66371 .67666 .68941 .70195
36 077 393 688 962 215
37 100 414 709 983 236
38 122 436 730 .69004 257
39 144 458 752 025 277
40 .65166 .66480 .67773 .69046 .70298
41 188 501 795 067 319
42 210 523 816 0S8 339
43 232 545 837 109 360
44 254 566 859 130 381
45 .65276 .66588 .67880 .69151 .70401
46 298 610 901 172 422
47 320 632 923 193 443
48 342 653 944 214 463
49 364 675 965 235 484
50 .65386 .66697 .67987 .69256 .70505
51 408 718 .68008 277 525
52 430 740 029 298 546
53 452 762 051 319 567
54 474 783 072 340 587
55 .65496 .66805 .68093 .69361 .70608
56 518 827 115 382 628
57 540 848 136 403 649
58 562 870 157 424 670
59 584 891 179 445 690
60 .65606 .66913 .68200 .69466 .70711

49° 48° 47° 46° 45°

Cos 130° 131° 132° 133° 134°

178
AND COSINES
134° 133° 132° 131° 130° Sin
45° 46° 47° 48° 49°
.70711 .71934 .73135 .74314 .75471 ec
731 954 155 334 490 59
752 974 175 353 509 58
772 995 195 373 528 57
793 .72015 215 392 547 56
.70813 .72035 .73234 .74412 .75566 55
834 055 254 431 585 54
855 075 274 451 604 53
875 095 294 470 623 52
896 116 314 489 642 51
.70916 .72136 .73333 .74509 .75661 50
937 156 353 528 680 49
957 176 373 548 700 48
978 196 393 567 719 47
998 216 413 586 738 46
.71019 .72236 .73432 .74606 .75756 45
039 257 452 625 775 44
059 277 472 644 794 43
080 297 491 664 813 42
100 317 511 683 832 41
.71121 .72337 .73531 .74703 .75851 40
141 357 551 722 870 39
162 377 570 741 889 38
182 397 590 760 908 37
203 417 610 780 927 36
.71223 .72437 .73629 .74799 .75946 35
243 457 649 818 965 34
264 477 669 838 984 33
284 497 688 857 .76003 32
305 517 708 876 022 31
.71325 .72537 .73728 .74896 .76041 30
345 557 747 915 059 29
366 577 767 934 078 28
386 597 787 953 097 27
407 617 806 973 116 26
.71427 .72637 .73826 .74992 .76135 25
447 657 846 .75011 154 24
468 677 865 030 173 23
488 697 885 050 192 22
508 717 904 069 210 21
.71529 .72737 .73924 .75088 .76229 20
549 757 944 107 248 19
569 777 963 126 267 18
590 797 983 146 286 17
610 817 .74002 165 304 16
.71630 .72837 .74022 .75184 .76323 15
650 857 041 203 342 14
671 877 061 222 361 13
691 897 080 241 380 12
711 917 100 261 398 11
.71732 .72937 .74120 .75280 .76417 10
752 957 139 299 436 9
772 976 159 318 455 8
792 996 178 337 473 7
813 .73016 198 356 492 6
.71833 .73030 .74217 .75375 .76511 5
853 056 237 395 530 4
873 076 256 414 548 3
894 096 276 433 567 2
914 116 295 452 586 1
.71934 .73135 .74314 .75471 .76604
44° 43° 42° 41° 40° Cos
135° 136° 137° 138° 139°

179
 IV. NATURAL SINES
129° 128° 127° 126° 125°
Sin 50° 51° 53° 53° 54°
0' .76604 .77715 .78801 .79864 .80902
1 623 733 819 881 919
2 642 751 837 899 936
3 661 769 855 916 953
4 679 788 873 934 970
5 .76698 .77806 .78891 .79951 .80987
6 717 824 908 968 .81004
7 735 843 926 986 021
8 754 861 944 .80003 038
9 772 879 962 021 055
10 .76791 .77897 .78980 .80038 .81072
11 810 916 998 056 089
13 828 934 .79016 073 106
13 847 952 033 091 123
14 866 970 051 108 140
15 .76884 .77988 .79069 .80125 .81157
16 903 .78007 087 143 174
17 921 025 105 160 191
18 940 043 122 178 208
19 959 061 140 195 225
20 .76977 .78079 .79158 .80212 .81242
31 996 098 176 230 259
33 .77014 116 193 247 276
33 033 134 211 264 293
34 051 152 229 282 310
35 .77070 .78170 .79247 .80299 .81327
26 088 188 264 316 344
37 107 206 282 334 361
38 125 225 300 351 378
29 144 243 318 368 395
30 .77162 .78261 .79335 .80386 .81412
31 181 279 353 403 428
33 199 297 371 420 445
33 218 315 388 438 462
34 236 333 406 455 479
35 .77255 .78351 .79424 .80472 .81496
36 273 369 441 489 513
37 292 387 459 507 530
38 310 405 477 524 546
39 329 424 494 541 563
40 .77347 .78442 .79512 .80558 .81580
41 366 460 530 576 597
43 384 478 547 593 614
43 402 496 565 610 631
44 421 514 583 627 647
45 .77439 .78532 .79600 .80644 .81664
46 458 550 618 662 681
47 476 568 635 679 698
48 494 586 653 696 714
49 513 604 671 713 731
50 .77531 .78622 .79688 .80730 .81748
51 550 640 706 748 765
53 568 658 723 765 782
53 586 676 741 782 798
54 605 694 758 799 815
55 .77623 .78711 .79776 .80816 .81832
56 641 729 793 833 848
57 660 747 811 850 865
58 678 765 829 867 882
59 696 783 846 885 8<)9
60 .77715 .78801 .79864 .80902 .81915

39° 38° 37° 36° 35°

Cos 140° 141° 142° 143° 144°

180
AND COSINES
124° 123° 122° 121° 120° Sin
55° 56° 67° 58° 59°
.81915 .82904 .83867 .84805 .85717 ec
932 920 883 820 732 59
949 936 8'J9 836 747 58
965 953 915 851 762 67
982 969 930 866 777 66
.81999 .82985 .83946 .84882 .85792 65
.82015 .83001 962 897 806 54
032 017 978 913 821 53
048 034 994 928 836 53
065 050 .84009 943 851 51
.82082 .83066 .84025 .84959 .85866 50
098 082 041 974 881 49
115 098 057 989 896 48
132 115 072 .85005 911 47
148 131 088 020 926 46
.82165 .83147 .84104 .85035 .85941 45
181 163 120 051 956 44
198 179 135 066 970 43
214 195 151 081 985 43
231 212 167 096 .86000 41
.82248 .83228 .84182 .85112 .86015 40
264 244 198 127 030 39
281 260 214 142 045 38
297 276 230 157 059 37
314 292 245 173 074 36
.82330 .83308 .84261 .85188 .86089 36
347 324 277 203 104 34
363 340 292 218 119 33
380 356 308 234 133 33
396 373 324 249 148 31
.82413 .83389 .84339 .85264 .86163 30
429 405 355 279 178 39
446 421 370 294 192 38
462 437 386 310 207 37
478 453 402 325 222 36
.82495 .83469 .84417 .85340 .86237 35
511 485 433 355 251 34
528 501 448 370 266 33
544 517 464 385 281 33
561 533 480 401 295 31
.82577 .83549 .84495 .85416 .86310 30
593 565 511 431 325 19
610 581 526 446 340 18
626 597 542 461 354 17
643 613 557 476 369 16
.82659 .83629 .84573 .85491 .86384 15
675 645 588 506 398 14
692 660 604 521 413 13
70S 676 619 536 427 13
724 692 635 551 442 11
.82741 .83708 .84650 .85567 .86457 10
757 724 666 582 471 9
773 740 681 597 486 8
790 756 697 612 501 7
806 772 712 627 515 6
.82822 .83788 .84728 .85642 .86530 5
839 804 743 657 544 4
855 819 759 672 559 3
871 835 774 687 573 3
887 851 781) 702 588 1
.82904 .83867 .84805 .85717 .86603
34° 33° 32° 31° 30° Cos
145° 146° 147° 148° 149°

181
 IV. NATURAL SINES
119° 118° 117° 116° 115°
Sin 60° 61° 63° 63° 64°
0' .86603 .87462 .88295 .89101 .89879
1 617 476 308 114 892
2 632 490 322 127 905
3 640 504 336 140 918
4 661 518 349 153 930
6 .86675 .87532 .88363 .89167 .89943
6 690 546 377 180 956
7 704 561 390 193 968
8 719 575 404 206 981
9 733 589 417 219 994
10 .86748 .87603 .88431 .89232 .90007
11 762 617 445 245 019
13 777 631 458 259 032
13 791 645 472 272 045
14 805 659 485 285 057
15 .86820 .87673 .88499 .89298 .90070
16 834 687 512 311 082
17 849 701 526 324 095
18 863 715 539 337 108
19 878 729 553 350 120
20 .86892 .87743 .88566 .89363 .90133
21 906 756 580 376 146
23 921 770 593 389 158
23 935 784 607 402 171
24 949 798 620 415 183
25 .86964 .87812 .88634 .89428 .90196
26 978 826 647 441 208
27 993 840 661 454 221
28 .87007 854 674 467 233
29 021 868 688 480 246
30 .87036 .87882 .88701 .89493 .90259
31 050 896 715 506 271
32 064 909 728 519 284
33 079 923 741 532 296
34 093 937 755 545 309
35 .87107 .87951 .88768 .89558 .90321
36 121 965 782 571 334
37 136 979 795 584 346
38 150 993 808 597 358
39 164 .88006 822 610 371
40 .87178 .88020 .88835 .89623 .90383
41 193 034 848 636 396
42 207 048 862 649 408
43 221 062 875 662 421
44 235 075 888 674 433
45 .87250 .88089 .88902 .89687 .90446
46 264 103 915 700 458
47 278 117 928 713 470
48 292 130 942 726 483
49 306 144 955 739 495
50 .87321 .88158 .88968 .89752 .90507
51 335 172 981 764 520
52 349 185 995 777 532
53 363 199 .89008 790 545
54 377 213 021 803 557
55 .87391 .88226 .89035 .89816 .90569
56 406 240 048 828 582
57 420 254 061 841 594
58 434 267 074 854 606
59 448 281 ^087 867 618
60 .87462 .88295 .8^101 .89879 .90631

29° 28° 37° 36° 35°

Cos 150° 151° 152° 153° 154°

182
AND COSINES
114° 113° 112° 111° 1
110° Sin
65° 66° 67° 68° 69°
.yOG31 .91355 .92050 .92718 .93358 60'
643 366 062 729 368 59
655 378 073 740 379 58
668 390 085 751 389 57
680 402 096 762 400 56
.90692 .91414 .92107 .92773 .93410 55
704 425 119 784 420 54
717 437 130 794 431 53
729 449 141 805 441 52
741 461 152 816 452 51
.90753 .91472 .92164 .92827 .93462 50
766 484 175 838 472 49
778 496 186 849 483 48
790 508 198 859 493 47
802 519 209 870 503 46
.90814 .91531 .92220 .92881 .93514 45
826 543 231 892 524 44
839 555 243 902 534 43
851 566 254 913 544 42
863 578 265 924 555 41
.90875 .91590 .92276 .92935 .93565 40
887 601 287 945 575 39
899 613 299 956 685 38
911 625 310 967 596 37
924 636 321 978 606 36
.90936 .91648 .92332 .92988 .93616 35
948 660 343 999 626 34
960 671 355 .93010 637 33
972 683 366 020 647 32
984 694 377 031 657 31
.90996 .91706 .92388 .93042 .93667 30
.91008 718 399 052 677 29
020 729 410 063 688 28
032 741 421 074 698 27
044 752 432 084 708 26
.91056 .91764 .92444 .93095 .93718 25
068 775 455 106 728 24
080 787 466 116 738 23
092 799 477 127 748 22
104 810 488 137 759 21
.91116 .91822 .92499 .93148 .93769 20
128 833 510 159 779 19
140 845 521 169 789 18
152 856 532 180 799 17
164 868 543 190 809 16
.91176 .91879 .92554 .93201 .93819 15
188 891 565 211 829 14
200 902 576 222 839 13
212 914 587 232 849 12
224 925 598 243 859 11
.91236 .91936 .92609 .93253 .93869 10
248 948 620 264 879 9
260 959 631 274 889 8
272 971 642 285 899 7
283 982 653 295 909 6
.91295 .91994 .92664 .93306 .93919 5
307 .92005 675 316 929 4
319 016 686 327 939 3
331 028 697 337 949 2
343 039 707 348 959 1
.91355 .92050 .92718 .93358 .93969
24° 23° 22° 21° 20° Cos
155° 156° 157° 158° 159°

183
 IV. NATURAL SINES
109° 108° 107° 106° 105°
Sin 70° 71° 72° 73° 74°
0' .93969 .94552 .95106 .95630 .96126
1 979 561 115 639 134
2 989 571 124 647 142
3 999 580 133 656 150
4 .94009 590 142 664 158
5 .94019 .94599 .95150 .95673 .96166
6 029 009 159 681 174
7 039 618 168 690 182
8 049 627 177 698 190
9 058 637 186 707 198
10 .94068 .94646 .95195 .95715 .96206
11 078 656 204 724 214
13 088 665 213 732 222
13 098 674 222 740 230
14 108 684 231 749 238
15 .94118 .94693 .95240 .95757 .96246
16 127 702 248 766 253
17 137 712 257 774 261
18 147 721 266 782 269
19 157 730 275 791 277
20 .94167 .94740 .95284 .95799 .96285
21 176 749 293 807 293
22 186 758 301 816 301
23 196 768 310 824 308
24 206 777 319 832 316
25 .94215 .94786 .95328 .95841 .96324
26 225 795 337 849 332
27 235 805 345 857 340
28 245 814 354 865 347
29 254 823 363 874 355
30 .94264 .94832 .95372 .95882 .96363
31 274 842 380 890 371
32 284 851 389 898 379
33 293 860 398 907 386
34 303 869 407 915 394
35 .94313 .94878 .95415 .95923 .96402
36 322 888 424 931 410
37 332 897 433 940 417
38 342 906 441 948 425
39 351 915 450 956 433
40 .94361 .94924 .95459 .95964 .96440
41 370 933 467 972 448
42 380 943 476 981 456
43 390 952 485 989 463
44 399 961 493 907 471
45 .94409 .94970 .95502 .96005 .96479
46 418 979 511 013 486
47 428 988 519 021 494 '

48 438 997 528 029 502

4t9 447 .95006 536 037 509
60 .94457 .95015 .95545 .96046 .96517 I

51 466 024 554 054 524

62 476 033 562 062 532
63 485 043 571 070 540
54 495 052 579 078 547
65 .94504 .95061 .95588 .96086 .96555 '

66 514 070 596 094 562 '

67 523 079 605 102 570 ;

68 533 088 613 110 578 1

59 542 097 622 118 585 1

60 .94552 .95106 .95630 .96126 .96593

19° 18° 17° 16° 15°

Cos 160° 161° 162° 163° 164°

184
 AND COSINES
104° 103° 102° 101° 100° Sin
76° 76° 77° 78° 79°
.96593 .97030 .97437 .97815 .98163 60'
600 037 444 821 168 59
608 044 450 827 174 58
615 051 457 833 179 57
623 058 463 839 185 56
.96630 .97065 .97470 .97845 .98190 55
638 072 476 851 190 54
645 079 483 857 201 53
653 086 489 863 207 53
660 093 496 869 212 51
.96667 .97100 .97502 .97875 .98218 50
675 106 508 881 223 49
682 113 515 887 229 48
690 120 521 893 234 47
697 127 528 899 240 46
.96705 .97134 .97534 .97905 .98245 45
712 141 541 910 250 44
719 148 547 916 256 43
727 155 553 922 261 43
734 162 560 928 267 41
.96742 .97169 .97566 .97934 .98272 40
749 176 573 940 277 39
756 182 579 946 283 38
764 189 585 952 288 37
771 196 592 958 294 36
.96778 .97203 .97598 .97963 .98299 35
786 210 604 969 304 34
793 217 611 975 310 33
800 223 617 981 315 33
807 230 623 987 320 31
.96815 .97237 .97630 .97992 .98325 30
822 244 636 998 331 39
829 251 642 .98004 336 38
837 257 648 010 341 37
844 264 655 016 347 36
.96851 .97271 .97661 .98021 .98352 35
858 278 667 027 357 34
866 284 673 033 362 33
873 291 680 039 368 33
880 298 686 044 373 31
.96887 .97304 .97692 .98050 .98378 30
894 311 698 056 383 19
902 318 705 061 389 18
909 325 711 067 394 17
916 331 717 073 399 16
.96923 .97338 .97723 .98079 .98404 15
930 345 729 084 409 14
937 351 735 090 414 13
945 358 742 096 420 13
952 365 748 101 425 11
.96959 .97371 .97754 .98107 .98430 10
9()6 378 760 112 435 9
973 384 766 118 440 8
980 391 772 124 445 7
987 398 778 129 450 6
.96994 .97404 .97784 .98135 .98455 5
.97001 411 791 140 461 4
008 417 797 146 466 3
015 424 803 152 471 3
023 430 809 157 476 1
.97030 .97437 .97815 .98163 .98481
14° 13° 12° 11° 10° Cos
i 165° 166° 167° 168° 169°

185
 IV. NATURAL SINES
99° 98° 97° 96° 95°
Sin 80° 81° 82° 83° 84°
(y .98481 .98769 .99027 .99255 .99452
1 486 773 031 258 455
2 491 778 035 262 458
3 496 782 039 265 461
4 501 787 043 269 464
5 .98506 .98791 .99047 .99272 .99467
6 511 796 051 276 470
7 516 800 055 279 473
8 521 805 059 283 476
9 526 809 063 286 479
10 .98531 .98814 .99067 .99290 .99482
11 536 818 071 293 485
13 541 823 075 297 488
13 546 827 079 300 491
14 551 832 083 303 494
15 .98556 .98836 .99087 .99307 .99497
16 561 841 091 310 500
17 565 845 094 314 503
18 570 849 098 317 506
19 575 854 102 320 508
20 .98580 .98858 .99106 .99324 .99511
21 585 863 110 327 514
22 590 867 114 331 517
23 595 871 118 334 520
24 600 876 122 337 523
25 .98604 .98880 .99125 .99341 .99526
26 609 884 129 344 528
27 614 889 133 347 531
28 619 893 137 351 534
29 624 897 141 354 53/
30 .98629 .98902 .99144 .99357 .99540
31 633 906 148 360 542
32 638 910 152 364 545
33 643 914 156 367 548
34 648 919 160 370 551
35 .98652 .98923 .99163 .99374 .99553
36 657 927 167 377 556
37 662 931 171 380 559
38 667 936 175 383 562
39 671 940 178 386 564
40 .98676 .98944 .99182 .99390 .99567
41 681 948 186 393 570
42 686 953 189 396 572
43 690 957 193 399 575
44 695 961 197 402 578
45 .98700 .98965 .99200 .99406 .99580
46 704 969 204 409 583
47 709 973 208 412 586
48 714 978 211 415 588
49 718 982 215 418 591
50 .98723 .98986 .99219 .99421 .99594
51 728 990 222 424 596 1

52 732 994 226 428 599

53 737 998 230 431 602
54 741 .99002 233 434 604
55 .98746 .99006 .99237 .99437 .99607 ,

56 751 Oil 240 440 609

57 755 015 244 443 612
58 760 019 248 446 614
59 764 023 251 449 617
60 .98769 .99027 .99255 .99452 .99619
1

9° 8° 7° 6° 5°
Cos 170° 171° 172° 173° 174° 1

186
 AND COSINES
94° 93° 92° 91° 90° Sin
85° 86° 87° 88° 89°
.99619 .99756 .99863 .99939 .99985 60'
622 758 864 940 985 59
625 760 866 941 986 58
627 762 867 942 986 57
630 764 869 943 987 56
,99632 .99766 .99870 ,99944 .99987 55
635 768 872 945 988 64
637 770 873 946 988 53
639 772 875 947 989 53
642 774 876 948 989 51
.99644 .99776 .99878 .99949 .99989 50
647 778 879 950 990 49
649 780 881 951 990 48
652 782 882 952 991 47
';

654 784 883 952 991 46

.99657 .99786 .99885 .99953 .99991 45
659 788 886 954 992 44
661 790 888 955 992 43
664 792 889 956 993 43
666 793 890 957 993 41
; .99668 .99795 .99892 .99958 .99993 40
671 797 893 959 994 39
673 799 894 959 994 38
•1 676 801 896 960 994 37
1
678 803 897 961 995 36
.99680 .99804 .99898 .99962 .99995 35
683 806 900 963 995 34
685 808 901 963 995 33
1 687 810 902 964 996 33
1
689 812 904 965 996 31
1
.99692 .99813 .99905 .99966 .99996 30
1 694 815 906 966 996 39
1 696 817 907 967 997 38
1
699 819 909 968 997 37
1
701 821 910 969 997 36
1
.99703 .99822 .99911 .99969 .99997 35
1
705 824 912 970 998 34
k 708 826 913 971 998 33
n 710 827 915 972 998 33
1
712 829 916 972 998 31
1
.99714 .99831 .99917 .99973 .99998 30
716 833 918 974 998 19
719 834 919 974 999 18
721 836 921 975 999 17
723 838 922 976 999 16
1
.99725 .99839 .99923 .99976 .99999 15
1
727 841 924 977 999 14
1
729 842 925 977 999 13
L 731 844 926 978 999 13
1
734 846 927 979 999 11
1
.99736 .99847 .99929 .99979 1.00000 10
1 738 849 930 980 000 9
1 740 851 931 980 000 8
1
742 852 932 981 000 7
1 744 854 933 982 000 6
1
.99746 .99855 .99934 .99982 1.00000 5
1
748 857 935 983 000 4
750 858 936 983 000 3
752 8G0 937 984 000 3
754 861 938 984 000 1
.99756 .99863 .99939 .99985 1,00000
1

4° 3° 3° 1° 0° Cos
;

L
175° 176° 177° 178° 179°

187
 V. NATURAL TANGENTS
179° 178° 177° 176° 175°
Tan 0° 1° 2° 3° 4°
0' .00000 .01746 .03492 .05241 .06993
1 029 775 521 270 .07022
2 058 804 650 299 051
3 087 833 579 328 080
4 116 862 609 357 110
5 .00145 .01891 .03638 .05387 .07139
6 175 920 667 416 168
7 204 949 696 445 197
8 233 978 725 474 227
9 262 .02007 754 503 256
10 .00291 .02036 .03783 .05533 .07285
11 320 066 812 562 314
13 349 095 842 591 344
13 378 124 871 620 373
14 407 153 900 649 402
15 .00436 .02182 .03929 .05678 .07431
16 465 211 958 708 461
17 495 240 987 737 490
18 524 269 .04016 766 519
19 553 298 046 795 548
»0 "
.00582 .02328 .04075 .05824 .07578
31 611 357 104 854 607
22 640 386 133 883 636
23 669 415 162 912 665
24 698 444 191 941 695
25 .00727 .02473 .04220 .05970 .07724
26 756 502 250 999 753
27 785 631 279 .06029 782
28 815 560 308 058 812
29 844 589 337 087 841
30 .00873 .02619 .04366 .06116 .07870
31 902 648 395 145 899
32 931 677 424 175 929
33 960 706 454 204 958
34 989 735 483 233 987
35 .01018 .02764 .04512 .06262 .08017
36 047 793 541 291 046
37 076 822 570 321 075
38 105 851 599 350 104
39 135 881 628 379 134
40 .01164 .02910 .04658 .06408 .08163
41 193 939 687 437 192
42 222 968 716 467 221
43 251 997 745 496 251
44 280 .03026 774 525 280
45 .01309 .03055 .04803 .06554 .08309
46 338 084 833 584 339
47 367 114 862 613 368
48 396 143 891 642 397
49 425 172 920 671 427
50 .01455 .03201 .04949 .06700 .08456
51 484 230 978 730 485
52 513 259 .05007 759 514
53 542 288 037 788 544
54 571 317 066 817 573
55 .01600 .03346 .05095 .06847 .08602
56 629 376 124 876 632
57 658 405 153 905 661
58 687 434 182 934 690
59 716 463 212 963 720
60 .01746 .03492 .05241 .06993 .08749

89° 88° 87° 86° 85°

Cot 90° 91° 92° 93° 94°

188
AND COTANGENTS
174° 173° 172° 171° 170° Tan
5° 6° 7° 8° 9°
.08749 .10510 .12278 .14054 .15838 60'
778 540 308 084 868 69
807 569 338 113 898 58
837 599 367 143 928 67
866 628 397 173 958 66
.08895 .10657 .12426 .14202 .15988 65
925 687 456 232 .16017 64
954 716 485 262 047 53
983 746 515 291 077 53
.09013 775 544 321 107 51
.09042 .10805 .12574 .14351 .16137 60
071 834 603 381 167 49
101 863 633 410 196 48
130 893 662 440 226 47
159 922 692 470 256 46
.09189 .10952 .12722 .14499 .16286 46
218 981 751 529 316 44
247 .11011 781 559 346 43
277 040 810 588 376 42
306 070 840 618 405 41
.09335 .11099 .12869 .14648 .16435 40
365 128 899 678 465 39
394 158 929 707 495 38
423 187 958 737 525 37
453 217 988 767 555 36
.09482 .11246 .13017 .14796 .16585 35
511 276 047 826 615 34
541 305 076 856 645 33
570 335 106 886 674 33
600 364 136 915 704 31
.09629 .11394 .13165 .14945 .16734 30
658 423 195 975 764 29
688 452 224 .15005 794 28
717 482 254 034 824 27
746 511 284 064 854 26
.09776 .11541 .13313 * 15094 .16884 25
805 570 343 124 914 24
834 600 372 153 944 23
864 629 402 183 974 22
893 659 432 213 .17004 21
.09923 .11688 .13461 .15243 .17033 20
952 718 491 272 063 19
981 747 521 302 093 18
.10011 777 550 332 123 17
040 806 580 362 153 16
.10069 .11836 .13609 .15391 .17183 15
099 865 639 421 213 14
128 895 669 451 243 13
158 924 698 481 273 12
187 954 728 511 303 11
.10216 .11983 .13758 .15540 .17333 10
246 .12013 787 570 363 9
275 042 817 600 393 8
305 072 846 630 423 7
334 101 876 660 453 6
.10363 .12131 .13906 .15689 .17483 5
393 160 935 719 513 4
422 190 965 749 543 3
452 219 995 779 573 2
481 249 .14024 809 603 1
.10510 .12278 .14054 .15838 .17633
84° 83° 83° 81° 80° Cot
95° 96° 97° 98° 99°

189
 V. NATURAL TANGENTS
169° 168° 167° 166° 165°
Tan 10° 11° 12° 13° 14°
0' .17633 .19438 .21256 .23087 .24933
1 663 468 286 117 964
2 693 498 316 148 995
3 723 529 347 179 .25026
4 753 559 377 209 056
5 .17783 .19589 .21408 .23240 .25087
6 813 619 438 271 118
7 843 649 469 301 149
8 873 680 499 332 180
9 903 710 529 363 211
10 .17933 .19740 .21560 .23393 .25242
11 963 770 590 424 273
IS 993 801 621 455 304
13 .18023 831 651 485 335
14 053 861 682 516 366
15 .18083 .19891 .21712 .23547 .25397
16 113 921 743 578 428
17 143 952 773 608 459
18 173 982 804 639 490
19 203 .20012 834 670 521
20 .18233 .20042 .21864 .23700 .25552
21 263 073 895 731 583
23 293 103 925 762 614
23 323 133 956 793 645
24 353 164 986 823 676
25 .18384 .20194 .22017 .23854 .25707
26 414 224 047 885 738
27 444 254 078 916 769
28 474 285 108 946 800
29 504 315 139 977 831
80 .18534 .20345 .22169 .24008 .25862
31 564 376 200 039 893
32 594 406 231 069 924
33 624 436 261 100 955
34 654 466 292 131 986
35 .18684 .20497 .22322 .24162 .26017
36 714 527 353 193 048
37 745 557 383 223 079
38 775 588 414 254 110
39 805 618 444 285 141
40 .18835 .20648 .22475 .24316 .26172
41 865 679 505 347 203
42 895 709 536 377 235
43 925 739 567 408 260
44 955 770 597 439 297
45 .18986 .20800 .22628 .24470 .26328
46 .19016 830 658 501 359
47 046 861 689 532 390
48 076 891 719 562 421
49 106 921 750 593 452
50 .19136 .20952 .22781 .24624 .26483
51 166 982 811 655 515
52 197 .21013 842 686 546
53 227 043 872 717 577
54 257 073 903 747 608
55 .19287 .21104 .22934 .24778 .26639
56 317 134 964 809 670
57 347 164 995 840 701
58 378 195 .23026 871 733
59 408 225 056 902 764
60 .19438 .21256 .23087 .24933 .26795

79° 78° 77° 76° 75°

Cot 100° 101° 102° 103° 104°

190
AND COTANGENTS
164° 163° 162° 161° 160° Tan
15° 16° 17° 18° 19°
.26795 .28675 .30573 .32492 .34433 60'
826 706 605 524 465 59
857 738 637 556 498 68
888 769 669 588 530 57
920 801 700 621 563 56
.26951 .28832 .30732 .32653 .34596 55
982 864 764 685 628 54
.27013 895 796 717 661 53
044 927 828 749 693 53
076 958 860 782 726 51
,27107 .28990 .30891 .32814 .34758 50
138 .29021 923 846 791 49
169 053 955 878 824 48
201 084 987 911 856 47
232 116 .31019 943 889 46
.27263 .29147 .31051 .32975 .34922 45
294 179 083 .33007 954 44
326 210 115 040 987 43
357 242 147 072 .35020 43
388 274 178 104 052 41
.27419 .29305 .31210 .33136 .35085 40
451 337 242 169 118 39
482 368 274 201 150 38
513 400 306 233 183 37
545 432 338 266 216 36
.27576 .29463 .31370 .33298 .35248 35
607 495 402 330 281 34
638 526 434 363 314 33
670 558 466 395 346 33
701 590 498 427 379 31
.27732 .29621 .31530 .33460 .35412 30
764 653 562 492 445 29
795 685 594 524 477 28
826 716 626 557 510 27
858 748 658 589 543 26
.27889 .29780 .31690 .33621 .35576 25
921 811 722 654 608 24
952 843 754 686 641 23
983 875 786 718 674 22
.28015 906 818 751 707 21
.28046 .29938 .31850 .33783 .35740 20
077 970 882 816 772 19
109 .30001 914 848 805 18
140 033 946 881 838 17
172 065 978 913 871 16
.28203 .30097 .32010 .33945 .35904 15
234 128 042 978 937 14
266 160 074 .34010 969 13
297 192 106 043 .36002 12
329 224 139 075 035 11
.28360 .30255 .32171 .34108 .36068 10
391 287 203 140 101 9
423 319 235 173 134 8
454 351 267 205 167 7
486 382 299 238 199 6
.28517 .30414 .32331 .34270 .36232 5
549 446 363 303 265 4
580 478 396 335 298 3
612 509 428 368 331 2
643 541 460 400 364 1
.28675 .30573 .32492 .34433 .36397
74° 73° 72° 71° 70° Cot
105° 106° 107° 108° 109°

191
 V. NATURAL TANOENTS
159° 158° 157° 1
156° 155°
Tau 20° 21^^ 22° 23° 24°
0' .36397 .38386 .40403 .42447 .44523
1 430 420 436 482 558
2 463 453 470 516 593
3 496 487 504 551 627
4 529 520 538 585 662
5 .36562 .38553 .40572 .42619 .44697
6 595 587 606 654 732
7 628 620 640 688 767
8 661 654 674 722 802
9 694 687 707 757 837
10 .36727 .38721 .40741 .42791 .44872
11 760 754 775 826 907
13 793 787 809 860 942
13 826 821 843 894 977
14 859 854 877 929 .45012
15 .36892 .38888 .40911 .42963 .45047
16 925 921 945 998 082
17 958 955 979 .43032 117
18 991 988 .41013 067 152
19 .37024 .39022 047 101 187
20 .37057 .39055 .41081 .43136 .45222
21 090 089 115 170 257
22 123 122 149 205 292
23 157 156 183 239 327
24 190 190 217 274 362
25 .37223 .39223 .41251 .43308 .45397
26 256 257 285 343 432
27 289 290 319 378 467
28 322 324 353 412 502
29 355 357 387 447 538
30 .37388 .39391 .41421 .43481 .45573
31 422 425 455 516 608
32 455 458 490 550 643
33 488 492 524 585 678
34 521 526 558 620 713
35 .37554 .39559 .41592 .43654 .45748
36 588 593 626 689 784
37 621 626 660 724 819
38 654 660 694 758 854
39 687 694 728 793 8*^9
40 .37720 .39727 .41763 .43828 .45924
41 754 761 797 862 960
42 787 795 831 897 995
43 820 829 865 932 .46030
44 853 862 899 966 065
45 .37887 .39896 .41933 .44001 .46101
46 920 930 968 036 136
47 953 963 .42002 071 171
48 986 997 036 105 206
49 .38020 .40031 070 140 242
50 .38053 .40065 .42105 .44175 .46277
51 086 098 139 210 312
52 120 132 173 244 348
53 153 166 207 279 383
54 186 200 242 314 418
55 .38220 .40234 .42276 .44349 .46454
56 253 267 310 384 489
57 286 301 345 418 525
58 320 335 379 453 560
59 353 369 413 488 595
60 .38386 .40403 .42447 .44523 .46631

69° 68° 67° 66° 65°

Cot 110° 111° 112° 113° 114°

192
AND COTANGENTS
154° 153° 132° 151° 150° Tan
25° 36° 27° 28° 29°
.46631 .48773 .50953 .53171 .55431 6(y
666 809 989 208 469 59
702 845 .51026 246 507 58
737 881 063 283 545 57
772 917 099 320 583 56
.46808 .48953 .51136 .53358 .55621 55
S43 989 173 395 659 54
879 .49026 209 432 697 63
914 062 246 470 736 52
950 098 283 507 774 51
.46985 .49134 .51319 .53545 .55812 50
.47021 170 356 582 850 49
056 206 393 620 888 48
092 242 430 657 926 47
128 278 407 694 964 46
.47163 .49315 .51503 .53732 .56003 45
199 351 540 769 041 44
234 387 577 807 079 43
270 423 614 844 117 42
305 459 651 882 156 41
.47341 .49495 .51688 .53920 .56194 40
377 532 724 957 232 39
412 568 761 995 270 38
448 604 798 .54032 309 37
483 640 835 070 347 36
.47519 .49677 .51872 .54107 .56385 35
555 713 909 145 424 34
590 749 946 183 462 33
626 786 983 220 501 32
662 822 .52020 258 539 31
.47698 .49858 .52057 .54296 .56577 30
733 894 094 333 616 29
769 931 131 371 654 28
805 967 168 409 693 27
840 .50004 205 446 731 26
.47876 .50040 .52242 .54484 .56769 25
912 076 279 522 808 24
948 113 316 560 846 23
984 149 353 597 885 22
.48019 185 390 635 923 21
.48055 .50222 .52427 .54673 .56962 20
091 258 464 711 .57000 19
127 295 501 748 039 18
163 331 538 786 078 17
198 368 575 824 116 16
.48234 .50404 .52613 .54862 .57155 15
270 441 650 900 193 14
306 477 687 938 232 13
342 514 724 975 271 12
378 550 761 .55013 309 11
.48414 .50587 .52798 .55051 .57348 10
450 623 836 089 386 9
486 660 873 127 425 8
521 696 910 165 464 7
557 733 947 203 503 6
.48593 .50769 .52985 .55241 .57541 5
629 806 .53022 279 580 4
665 843 059 317 619 3
701 879 096 355 657 2
737 916 134 393 696 1
.48773 .50953 .53171 .55431 .57735
64° 63° 62° 61° 60° Cot
115° 116° 117° 118° 119°

193
 V. NATURAL TANGENTS
149° 148° 147° 146° 145°
Tan 30° 31° 32° 33° 34°
0' .57735 .60086 .62487 .64941 .67451
1 774 126 527 982 493
2 813 165 568 .65024 536 .

3 851 205 608 065 578

4 890 245 649 106 620
5 .57929 .60284 .62689 .65148 .67663
6 968 324 730 189 705 '

7 .58007 364 770 231 748

8 046 403 811 272 790
9 085 443 852 314 832
10 .58124 .60483 .62892 .65355 .67875
11 162 522 933 397 917
12 201 562 973 438 960
13 240 602 .63014 480 .68002
14 279 642 055 521 045 ,

15 .58318 .60681 .63095 .65563 .68088

16 357 721 136 604 130
17 396 761 177 646 173
18 435 801 217 688 215
19 474 841 258 729 258 '

20 .58513 .60881 .63299 .65771 .68301

21 552 921 340 813 343
22 591 960 380 854 386
23 631 .61000 421 896 429
24 670 040 462 938 471
25 .58709 .61080 .63503 .65980 .68514
26 748 120 544 .66021 557
27 787 160 584 063 600
28 826 200 625 105 642
29 865 240 666 147 685
30 .58905 .61280 .63707 .66189 .68728
31 944 320 748 230 771
32 983 360 789 272 814
33 .59022 400 830 314 857
34 061 440 871 356 900
35 .59101 .61480 .63912 .66398 .68942
36 140 520 953 440 9S5
37 179 501 994 482 .69028
38 218 601 .64035 524 071
39 258 641 076 566 114
40 .59297 .61681 .64117 .66608 .69157
41 336 721 158 650 200
42 376 761 199 692 243
43 415 801 240 734 286
44 454 842 281 776 32i)
45 .59494 .61882 .64322 .66818 .69372
46 533 922 363 800 416
47 573 962 404 902 459
48 012 .62003 446 944 502
49 651 043 487 986 545
50 .59691 .62083 .64528 .67028 .69588
51 730 124 569 071 631
52 770 164 610 113 675
53 809 204 652 155 718
54 849 245 693 197 761
55 .59888 .62285 .64734 .67239 .69804
56 928 325 775 282 847
57 967 366 817 324 891
58 .60007 406 858 366 934
59 046 446 899 409 977
60 .60086 .62487 .64941 .67451 .70021

59° 58° 57° 56'' 55°

Cot 120° 121° 122° 123° 124°

194
 AND COTANGENTS
-

144° 143° 142° 141° 140° Tan

35° 36° 37° 38° 39°
.70021 .72654 .75355 .78129 .80978 6(y
064 699 401 175 .81027 59
107 743 447 222 075 58
151 788 492 269 123 57
194 832 538 316 171 56
.70238 .72877 .75584 .78363 .81220 55
281 921 629 410 268 54
325 966 675 457 316 53
368 .73010 721 504 364 52
412 055 767 551 413 51
.70455 .73100 .75812 .78598 .81461 50
499 144 858 645 510 49
542 189 904 692 558 48
586 234 950 739 606 47
629 278 996 786 655 46
.70673 .73323 .76042 .78834 .81703 45
717 368 088 881 752 44
760 413 134 928 800 43
804 457 180 975 849 42
848 502 226 .79022 898 41
.70891 .73547 .76272 .79070 .81946 40
935 592 318 117 995 39
979 637 364 164 .82044 38
.71023 681 410 212 092 37
066 726 456 259 141 36
.71110 .73771 .76502 .79306 .82190 35
154 816 548 3.54 238 34
198 861 594 401 287 33
242 906 640 449 336 33
285 951 686 496 385 31
.71329 .73996 .76733 .79544 .82434 30
373 .74041 779 591 483 29
417 086 825 639 531 28
461 131 871 686 580 37
505 176 918 734 629 26
.71549 .74221 .76964 .79781 .82678 25
593 267 .77010 829 727 24
637 312 057 877 776 23
681 357 103 924 825 23
725 402 149 972 874 21
.71769 .74447 .77196 .80020 .82923 20
813 492 242 067 972 19
857 538 289 115 .83022 18
901 583 335 163 071 17
946 628 382 211 120 16
.71990 .74674 .77428 .80258 .83169 15
.72034 719 475 306 218 14
078 764 521 354 268 13
122 810 568 402 317 13
167 855 615 450 366 11
.72211 .74900 .77661 .80498 .83415 10
255 946 708 546 4G5 9
299 991 754 594 514 8
(
344 .75037 801 642 564 7
388 082 848 690 613 6
1
.72432 .75128 .77895 .80738 .83662 5
1
477 173 941 786 712 4
521 219 988 834 761 3
565 264 .78035 882 811 3
610 310 082 930 860 1
.72654 .75355 .78129 .80978 .83910
54° 63° 53° 51° 5(»° Cot
125° 126° 127° 128° 129° 1

195
 V. NATURAL TANGENTS
139<^ 138° 137° 136° 135°
Tan 40° 41° 42° 43° 44°
0' .83910 .86929 .90040 .93252 .96569
1 960 980 093 306 625
2 .84009 .87031 146 360 681
3 059 082 199 415 738
4 108 133 251 469 794
5 .84158 .87184 .90304 .92524 .96850
6 208 236 357 578 907
7 258 287 410 633 963
8 307 338 463 688 .97020
9 357 389 516 742 076
10 .84407 .87441 .90569 .93797 .97133
11 457 492 621 852 189
13 507 543 674 906 246
13 556 595 727 961 302
14 606 646 781 .94016 359
15 .84656 .87698 .90834 .94071 .97416
16 706 749 887 125 472
17 756 801 940 180 529
18 806 852 993 235 586
19 856 904 .91046 290 643
20 .84906 .87955 .91099 .94345 .97700
21 956 .88007 153 400 756
23 .85006 059 206 455 813
23 057 110 259 610 870
24 107 162 313 565 927
25 .85157 .88214 .91366 .94620 .97984
26 207 265 419 676 .98041
27 257 317 473 731 098
28 308 369 526 786 155
29 358 421 580 841 213
30 .85408 .88473 .91633 .94896 .98270
31 458 524 687 952 327
32 509 576 740 .95007 384
33 559 628 794 062 441
34 609 680 847 118 499
35 .85660 .88732 .91901 .95173 .98556
36 710 784 955 229 613
37 761 836 .92008 284 671
38 811 888 062 340 728
39 862 940 116 395 786
40 .85912 .88992 .92170 .95451 .98843
41 963 .89045 224 506 901
42 .86014 097 277 562 958
43 064 149 331 618 .99016
44 115 201 385 673 073
45 .86166 .89253 .92439 .95729 .99131
46 216 306 493 785 189
47 267 358 547 841 247
48 318 410 601 897 304
49 368 463 655 952 362
50 .86419 .89515 .92709 .96008 .99420
51 470 567 763 064 478
52 521 620 817 120 536
53 572 672 872 176 594
64 623 725 926 232 652
55 .86674 .89777 .92980 .96288 .99710
56 725 830 .93034 344 768
57 776 883 088 400 826
58 827 935 143 457 884
59 878 988 197 513 942
60 .86929 .90040 .93252 .96569 1.00000

49° 48° 47° 46° 45°

Cot 130° 131° 132° 133° 134°

196
 AND COTANGENTS
134° 133° 132° 131° 130° Tan
45° 46° 47° 48° 49°
1.00000 1.03553 1.07237 1.11061 1.15037 6(y
005S 3613 7299 1126 5104 59
0116 3674 7362 1191 5172 58
0175 3734 7425 1256 5240 57
0233 3794 7487 1321 5308 56
1.00291 1 .03855 1 .07550 1.11387 1.15375 55
0350 3915 7613 1452 5443 54
i 0408
0467
3976
4036
7676
7738
1517
1582
5511
5579
53
52
0525 4097 7801 1648 5647 51
1 .00583 1.04158 1 .07864 1.11713 1.15715 50
0642 4218 7927 1778 5783 49
0701 4279 7990 1844 5851 48
0759 4340 8053 1909 5919 47
0818 4401 8116 1975 5987 46
1 .00876 1.04461 1 .08179 1.12041 1.16056 45
0935 4522 8243 2106 6124 44
0994 4583 8306 2172 6192 43
1053 4644 8369 2238 6261 43
1112 4705 8432 2303 6329 41
1.01170 1.04766 1.08496 1.12369 1.16398 40
1229 4827 8559 2435 6466 39
1288 4888 8622 2501 6535 38
1347 4949 8686 2567 6603 37
1406 5010 8749 2633 6672 36
1.01465 1 .05072 1 .08813 1.12699 1.16741 35
1524 5133 8876 2765 6809 34
1583 5194 8940 2831 6878 33
1642 5255 9003 2897 6947 33
1702 5317 9067 2963 7016 31
1.01761 1 .05378 1.09131 1.13029 1.17085 30
1820 5439 9195 3096 7154 39
1879 5501 9258 3162 7223 38
1939 5562 9322 3228 7292 37
1998 5624 9386 3295 7361 36
1.02057 1.05685 1.09450 1.13361 1.17430 35
2117 5747 9514 3428 7500 34
2176 5809 9578 3494 7569 33
2236 5870 9642 3561 7638 33
2295 5932 9706 3627 7708 31
1.02355 1 .05994 1 .09770 1.13694 1.17777 30
2414 6056 9834 3761 7846 19
2474 6117 9899 3828 7916 18
2533 6179 9963 3894 7986 17
2593 6241 1.10027 3961 8055 16
1 .02653 1 .06303 1.10091 1.14028 1.18125 15
2713 6365 0156 4095 8194 14
2772 6427 0220 4162 8264 13
2832 6489 0285 4229 8334 13
2892 6551 0349 4296 8404 11
1.02952 1.06613 1.10414 1.14363 1.18474 10
3012 6676 0478 4430 8544 9
3072 6738 0543 4498 8614 8
3132 6800 0607 4565 8684 7
3192 6862 0672 4632 8754 6
1 .03252 1.06925 1.10737 1.14699 1.18824 5
3312 6987 0802 4767 8894 4
3372 7049 0867 4834 8964 3
3433 7112 0931 4902 9035 3
3493 7174 0996 4969 9105 1
1 .03553 1 .07237 1.11061 1.15037 1.19175
44° 43° 43° 41° 40° Cot
135° 136° 137° 138° 139°

197

iita
 V. NATURAL TANGENTS
129° "~128° 127° 126° 125°
Tan 50° 51° 53° 53° 54°
0' 1.19175 1.23490 1.27994 1.32704 1.37638
1 9246 3563 8071 2785 7722
2 9316 3037 8148 2865 7807
3 9387 3710 8225 2946 7891
4 9457 3784 8302 3026 7976
5 1.19528 1.23858 1.28379 1.33107 1.38060
6 9599 3931 8456 3187 8145
7 9669 4005 8533 3268 8229
8 9740 4()79 8610 3349 8314
9 9811 4153 8687 3430 8399
10 1.19882 1.24227 1.28764 1.33511 1.38484
11 9953 4301 8842 3592 8568
13 1.20024 4375 8919 3673 8653
13 0095 4449 8997 3754 8738
14 0166 4523 9074 3835 8824
15 1.20237 1.24597 1.29152 1.33916 1.38909
16 0308 4672 9229 3998 8994
17 0379 4746 9307 4079 9079
18 0451 4820 9385 4160 9165
19 0522 4895 9463 4242 9250
20 1.20593 1.24969 1.29541 1.34323 1 .39336
21 0665 5044 9618 4405 9421
22 0736 5118 9696 4487 9507
33 0808 5193 9775 4568 9593
34 0879 5268 9853 4650 9679
35 1.20951 1 .25343 1.29931 1.34732 1 .39764
36 1023 5417 1.30009 4814 9850
37 1094 5492 0087 4896 9936
38 1166 5567 0166 4978 1.40022
39 1238 5642 0244 5060 0109
30 1.21310 1.25717 1.30323 1.35142 1.40195
31 1382 6792 0401 5224 0281
33 1454 5867 0480 5307 0367
33 1526 5943 0558 5389 0454
34 1598 6018 0637 5472 0540
35 1.21670 1.26093 1.30716 1.35554 1 .40627
36 1742 6169 0795 5637 0714
37 1814 6244 0873 5719 0800
38 1880 6319 0952 5802 0887
39 1959 6395 1031 5885 0974
40 1.22031 1.26471 1.31110 1.35968 1.41061
41 2104 6546 1190 0051 1148
43 2176 6622 1269 6134 1235
43 2249 6698 1348 6217 1322
44 2321 6774 1427 6300 1409
45 1.22394 1.26849 1.31507 1.36383 1.41497
46 2467 6925 1586 6466 1584
47 2539 7001 1666 6549 1672
48 2612 7077 1745 6633 1759
49 2685 7153 1825 6716 1847
50 1.22758 1.27230 1 .31904 1.36800 1.41934 '

51 2831 7306 1984 6883 2022

53 2904 7382 2064 6967 2110
53 2977 7458 2144 7050 2198
54 3050 7535 2224 7134 2286
55 1.23123 1.27611 1.32304 1.37218 1.42374
56 3196 7688 2384 7302 2462
57 3270 7704 2464 7386 2550
58 3343 7841 2544 7470 2638
59 3416 7917 2624 7554 2726
60 1.23490 1.27994 1.32704 1.37638 1.42815
39° 38° 37° 36° 35°
Cot 140° 141° 142° 143° 144°

198
AND COTANGENTS
124° 123° 122° 121° 120° Tan
55° 56° 57° 58° 59°
1.42815 1.48256 1.53986 1.60033 1.66428 (i(y
2903 8349 4085 0137 6538 59
2992 8442 4183 0241 6647 58
3080 8536 4281 0345 6757 57
3169 8629 4379 0449 6867 56
1.43258 1.48722 1.54478 1.60553 1.66978 55
3347 8816 4576 0657 7088 54
3436 8909 4675 0761 7198 53
3525 9003 4774 0865 7309 53
3614 9097 4873 0970 7419 51
1.43703 1.49190 1.54972 1.61074 1.67530 50
3792 9284 5071 1179 7641 49
3881 9378 5170 1283 7752 48
3970 9472 5269 1388 7863 47
4060 9566 5368 1493 7974 46
1.44149 1.49661 1.55467 1.61598 1.68085 45
4239 9755 5567 1703 8196 44
4329 9849 5666 1808 8308 43
4418 9944 5766 1914 8419 43
4508 1.50038 5866 2019 8531 41
1.44598 1.50133 1.55966 1.62125 1.68643 40
4688 0228 6065 2230 8754 39
4778 0322 6165 2336 8866 38
4868 0417 6265 2442 8979 37
4958 0512 6366 2548 9091 36
1.45049 1.50607 1.56466 1.62654 1.69203 35
5139 0702 6566 2760 9316 34
5229 0797 6667 2866 9428 33
6320 0893 6767 2972 9541 33
5410 0988 6868 3079 9653 31
1.45501 1.51084 1.56969 1.63185 1.69766 30
5592 1179 7069 3292 9879 39
5682 1275 7170 3398 9992 38
5773 1370 7271 3505 1.70106 37
5864 1466 7372 3612 0219 36
1.45955 1.51562 1.57474 1.63719 1.70332 35
6046 1658 7575 3826 0446 34
6137 1754 7676 3934 0560 33
6229 1850 7778 4041 0673 33
6320 1946 7879 4148 0787 31
1.46411 1.52043 1.57981 1.64256 1.70901 30
6503 2139 8083 4363 1015 19
6595 2235 8184 4471 1129 18
6686 2332 8286 4579 1244 17
6778 2429 8388 4687 1358 16
1.46870 1.52525 1.58490 1.64795 1.71473 15
6962 2622 8593 4903 1588 14
7053 2719 8695 5011 1702 13
7146 2816 8797 6120 1817 13
7238 2913 8900 6228 1932 11
1.47330 1.53010 1.59002 1.65337 1.72047 10
7422 3107 9105 6445 2163 9
7514 3205 9208 6554 2278 8
7607 3302 9311 5663 2393 7
7699 3400 9414 6772 2509 6
1.47792 1.53497 1.59517 1.65881 1.72625 5
7885 3595 9620 6990 2741 4
7977 3693 9723 6099 2857 3
8070 3791 9826 6209 2973 3
8163 3888 9930 6318 3089 1
1.48256 1.53986 1.60033 1.66428 1.73205
34° 33° 33° 31° 30° Cot
145° 146° 147° 148° 149°

199
 V. NATURAL TANGENTS
119° 118° 117° 116° 115°
Tan 60° 61° 63° 63° 64°
c 1.73205 1 .80405 I 88073 1.96261 2.05030
1 3321 0529 8205 6402 5182
3 3438 0653 8337 6544 6333
3 3555 0777 8469 6685 5485
4 3671 0901 8602 6827 5637
5 1.73788 1.81025 1.88734 1.96969 2.05790
6 3905 1150 8867 7111 6942
7 4022 1274 9000 7253 6094
8 4140 1399 9133 7395 6247
9 4257 1524 9266 7538 6400
10 1.74375 1.81649 1.89400 1 .97681 2.06553
11 4492 1774 9533 7823 6706
13 4610 1899 9667 7966 6860
13 4728 2025 9801 8110 7014
14 4840 2150 9935 8253 7167
15 1.74964 1.82276 1.90069 1.98396 2.07321
16 5082 2402 0203 8540 7476
17 5200 2528 0337 8684 7630
18 5319 2654 0472 8828 7785
19 5437 2780 0607 8972 7939
30 1.75556 1.82906 1.90741 1.99116 2.08094
31 5075 3033 0876 9261 8250
33 5794 3159 1012 9406 8405
33 5913 3286 1147 9550 8560
34 6032 3413 1282 9695 8716
35 1.76151 1.83540 1.91418 1.99841 2.08872
36 6271 3667 1554 9986 9028
37 6390 3794 1690 2.00131 9184
38 6510 3922 1826 0277 9341
39 6629 4049 1962 0423 9498
30 1.76749 1 .84177 1.92098 2.00569 2.09654
31 6869 4305 2235 0715 9811
33 6990 4433 2371 0862 9969
33 7110 4561 2508 1008 2.10126
34 7230 4689 2645 1155 0284
35 1.77351 1.84818 i .92782 2.01302 2.10442
36 7471 4946 2920 1449 0600
37 7592 5075 3057 1596 0758
38 7713 5204 3195 1743 0916
39 7834 5333 3332 1891 1075
40 1.77955 1.85462 1.93470 2.02039 2.11233
41 8077 5591 3608 2187 1392
43 8198 5720 3746 2335 1552
43 8319 5850 3885 2483 1711
44 8441 5979 4023 2631 1871
45 1.78563 1.86109 1.94162 2.02780 2.12030
46 8685 6239 4301 2929 2190
47 8807 6369 4440 3078 2350
48 8929 6499 4579 3227 2511
49 9051 6630 4718 3376 2671
50 1.79174 1.86760 1.94858 2.03526 2.12832
51 9296 6891 4997 3675 2993
53 9419 7021 5J37 3825 3154
53 9542 7152 5277 3975 3316
54 9665 7283 5417 4125 3477
55 1.79788 1.87415 1.95557 2.04276 2.13639
56 9911 7546 5698 4426 3801
57 1.80034 7677 5838 4577 3963
58 0158 7809 5979 4728 4125
59 0281 7941 6120 4879 4288
60 1.80405 1.88073 1.96261 2.05030 2.14461
39° 38° 37° 36° 35°
Cot 150° 151° 152° 153° 154°

200
AND COTANGENTS
114° 113° 112° 111° 110° Tan
65° 66° 67° 68° 69°
2.14451 2.24604 2.35585 2.47509 2.60509 6(y
4614 4780 5776 7716 0736 59
4777 4956 5967 7924 0963 58
4940 5132 6158 8132 1190 57
5104 5309 6349 8340 1418 56
2.15268 2.25486 2.36541 2.48549 2.61646 55
5432 5663 6733 8758 1874 54
5596 5840 6925 8967 2103 53
5760 6018 7118 9177 2332 52
5925 6196 7311 9386 2501 51
2.16090 2.26374 2.37504 2.49597 2.62791 50
6255 6552 7697 9807 3021 49
6420 6730 7891 2.50018 3252 48
6585 6909 8084 0229 3483 47
6751 7088 8279 0440 3714 46
2.16917 2.27267 2.38473 2.50652 2.63945 45
7083 7447 8668 0864 4177 44
724-9 7626 8863 1076 4410 43
7416 7806 9058 1289 4642 42
7582 7987 9253 1502 4875 41
2.17749 2.28167 2.39449 2.51715 2.65109 40
7916 8348 9645 1929 5342 39
8084 8528 9841 2142 5576 38
8251 8710 2.40038 2357 5811 37
8419 8891 0235 2571 6046 36
2.18587 2.29073 2.40432 2.52786 2.66281 35
8755 9254 0629 3001 6516 34
8923 9437 0827 3217 6752 33
9092 9619 1025 3432 6989 32
9261 9801 1223 3648 7225 31
2.19430 2.29984 2.41421 2.53865 2.67462 30
9599 2.30167 1620 4082 7700 29
9769 0351 1819 4299 7937 28
9938 0534 2019 4516 8175 27
2.20108 0718 2218 4734 8414 26
2.20278 2.30902 2.42418 2.54952 2.68653 25
0449 1086 2618 5170 8892 24
0619 1271 2819 5389 9131 23
0790 1456 3019 5008 9371 22
0961 1641 3220 5827 9612 21
2.21132 2.31826 2.43422 2.56046 2.69853 20
1304 2012 3623 6266 2.70094 19
1475 2197 3825 6487 0335 18
1647 2383 4027 6707 0577 17
1819 2570 4230 6928 0819 16
2.21992 2.32756 2.44433 2.57150 2.71062 15
2164 2943 4636 7371 1305 14
2337 3130 4839 7593 1548 13
2510 3317 5043 7815 1792 12
2683 3505 5246 8038 2036 11
2.22857 2.33693 2.45451 2.58261 2.72281 10
3030 3881 5655 8484 2526 9
3204 4069 5860 8708 2771 8
3378 4258 6065 8932 3017 7
3553 4447 6270 9156 3263 6
2.23727 2.34636 2.46476 2.59381 2.73509 5
3902 4825 6682 9606 3756 4
4077 5015 6888 9831 4004 3
4252 5205 7095 2.60057 4251 2
4408 5395 7302 0283 4499 1
2.24604 2.35585 2.47509 2.60509 2.74748
24° 23° 22° 21° 20° Cot
155° 156° 1
157*^ 158° 159°

201
 V. NATURAL TANGENTS
109° 108° 107° 106° 105°
Tan 70° 71° 72° 73° 74°
0' 2.74748 2.90421 3.07768 3.27085 3.48741
1 74997 90696 08073 27426 49125
2 75246 90971 08379 27767 49509
3 75496 91246 0S6S5 28109 49894
4 75746 91523 08991 28452 50279
5 2.75996 2.91799 3.09298 3.28795 3.50666
6 76247 92076 09606 29139 51053
7 76498 92354 09914 29483 61441
8 76750 92632 10223 29829 61829
9 77002 92910 10532 30174 52219
10 2.77254 2.93189 3.10842 3.30521 3.52609
11 77507 93468 11153 30868 53001
13 77761 93748 11464 31216 53393
13 78014 94028 11775 31565 53785
14 78269 94309 12087 31914 54179
15 2.78523 2.94591 3.12400 3.32264 3.54573
16 78778 94872 12713 32614 6496S
17 79033 95155 13027 32965 55364
18 79289 95437 13341 33317 65761
19 79545 95721 13656 33670 56159
20 2.79802 2.96004 3.13972 3.34023 3.56557
21 80059 96288 14288 34377 56957
23 80316 96573 14605 34732 57357
23 80574 96858 14922 35087 67758
24 80833 97144 15240 35443 58160
25 2.81091 2.97430 3.15558 3.35800 3.58562
26 81350 97717 15877 36158 58966
27 81610 98004 16197 36516 59370
28 81870 98292 16517 36875 69775
29 82130 98580 16838 37234 60181
30 2.82391 2.9886S 3.17159 3.37594 3.60588
31 82653 99158 17481 37955 60996
32 82914 99447 17804 38317 61405
33 83176 99738 18127 38679 61814
34 83439 3.00028 18451 39042 62224
35 2.83702 3.00319 3.18775 3.39406 3.62636
36 83965 00611 19100 39771 63048
37 84229 00903 19426 40136 63461
38 84494 01196 19752 40502 63874
39 84758 01489 20079 40869 64289
40 2.85023 3.01783 3.20406 3.41236 3.64705
41 85289 02077 20734 41604 65121
42 85555 02372 21063 41973 65538
43 85822 02667 21392 42343 65957
44 86089 02963 21722 42713 66376
45 2.86356 3.03200 3.22053 3.43084 3.66796
46 86024 03556 22384 43456 67217
47 86892 03854 22715 43829 67638
48 87161 04152 23048 44202 68061
49 87430 04450 23381 44576 68485
50 2.87700 3.04749 3.23714 3.44951 3.68909
51 87970 05049 24049 45327 69335
52 88240 05349 24383 45703 69761
53 88511 05649 24719 46080 70188
54 88783 05950 25055 46458 70616
55 2.89055 3.06252 3.25392 3.46837 3.71046
56 89327 06554 25729 47216 71476
57 89600 06857 26067 47596 71907
5S 89873 07160 26406 47977 72338
59 90147 07464 26745 48359 72771
60 2.90421 3.07768 3.27085 3.48741 3.73205
19° 18° 17° 16° 15°
*~Cot~~ 160° 161° 162° 163° 164°

202
 AND COTANGENTS
104° 103° 102° 191° 100° Tan
75° 76° 77° 78° 79°
3.73205 4.01078 4.33148 4.70463 5,14455 6(y
73640 01570 33723 71137 15256 59
74075 02074 34300 71813 16058 58
74512 02574 34879 72490 16863 67
74950 03076 35459 73170 17671 56
3.75388 4.03578 4.36040 4.73851 5.18480 55
75828 04081 36623 74534 19293 54
76268 04586 37207 75219 20107 53
76709 05092 37793 75906 20925 53
77152 05599 38381 76595 21744 51
3.77595 4.06107 4.38969 4.77286 5.22566 50
78040 06616 39560 77978 23391 49
78485 07127 40152 78673 24218 48
78931 07639 40745 79370 25048 47
79378 08152 41340 80068 25880 46
3.79827 4.08666 4.41936 4.80769 5.26715 45
80276 09182 42534 81471 27553 44
80726 09699 43134 82175 28393 43
81177 10216 43735 82882 29235 43
81630 10736 44338 83590 30080 41
3.82083 4.11256 4.44942 4.84300 5.30928 40
82537 11778 45548 85013 31778 39
82992 12301 46155 85727 32631 38
83449 12825 46764 86444 33487 37
83906 13350 47374 87162 34345 36
3.84364 4.13877 4.47986 4.87882 5.35206 35
84824 14405 48600 88605 36070 34
85284 14934 49215 89330 36936 33
85745 15465 49832 90056 37805 33
86208 15997 50451 90785 38677 31
3.86671 4.16530 4.51071 4.91516 5.39552 30
87136 17064 51693 92249 40429 39
87601 17600 52316 92984 41309 38
88068 18137 52941 93721 42192 37
88536 18675 53568 94460 43077 36
3 .89004 4.19215 4.54196 4.95201 5.43966 35
89474 19756 54826 95945 44857 34
89945 20298 55458 96690 45751 33
90417 20842 56091 97438 46648 33
90890 21387 56726 98188 47548 31
3.91364 4.21933 4.57303 4.98940 5.48451 30
91839 22481 58001 99695 49356 19
•
92316 23030 58641 5.00451 50204 18
92793 23580 59283 01210 51176 17
93271 24132 59927 01971 52090 16
3 .93751 4.24685 4.60572 5.02734 5.53007 15
94232 25239 61219 03499 53927 14
94713 25795 61868 04267 54851 13
95196 26352 62518 05037 55777 13
95680 26911 63171 05809 56706 11
3.96165 4.27471 4.63825 5.06584 5.57638 10
96651 28032 64480 07360 58573 9
97139 28595 65138 08139 59511 8
97627 29159 65797 08921 60452 7
98117 29724 66458 09704 61397 6
3.98607 4.30291 4.67121 5.10490 5.62344 5
99099 30860 67786 11279 63295 4
99592 31430 68452 12069 64248 3
4 .00086 32001 69121 12862 65205 3
00582 32573 69791 13658 66165 1
4.01078 4 .33148 4.70463 5.14455 5.67128
14° 13° 12° 11° 10° Cot
L_165° 166° 167° 168° 169°

203
 V. NATURAL TANGENTS
99° 98° 97° 96° 95°
Tan 80° 81° 83° 83° 84°
0' 5.67128 6.31375 7.11537 8.14435 9.51436
1 68094 32566 13042 16398 54106
2 69064 33761 14553 18370 56791
3 70037 34961 16071 20352 59490
4 71013 36165 17594 22344 62205
5 5.71992 6.37374 7.19125 8.24345 9.64935
6 72974 38587 20661 26355 67680
7 73960 39804 22204 28376 70441
8 74949 41026 23754 30406 73217
9 75941 42253 25310 32446 76009
10 5.76937 6.43484 7.26873 8.34496 9.78817
11 77936 44720 28442 36555 81641
12 78938 45961 30018 38625 84482
13 79944 47206 31600 40705 87338
14 80953 48456 33190 42795 90211
15 5.81966 6.49710 7.34786 8.44896 9.93101
16 82982 50970 36389 47007 96007
17 84001 52234 37999 49128 98931
18 85024 53503 39616 51259 10.0187
19 86051 54777 41240 53402 0.0483
30 5.87080 6.56055 7.42871 8.55555 10.0780
31 88114 57339 44509 57718 0.1080
33 89151 58627 46154 59893 0.1381
33 90191 59921 47806 62078 0.1683
34 91236 61219 49465 64275 0.1988
35 5.92283 6.62523 7.51132 8.66482 10.2294
36 93335 63831 52806 68701 0.2602
37 94390 65144 54487 70931 0.2913
38 95448 66463 66176 73172 0.3224
39 96510 67787 57872 75425 0.3538
30 5.97576 6.69116 7.59575 8.77689 10.3854
31 98646 70450 61287 79964 0.4172
33 99720 71789 63005 82252 0.4491
33 6.00797 73133 64732 84551 0.4813
34 01878 74483 66466 86862 0.5136
35 6.02962 6.75838 7.68208 8.89185 10.5462
36 04051 77199 69957 91520 0.5789
37 05143 78564 71715 93867 0.6118
38 06240 79936 73480 96227 0.6450
39 07340 81312 75254 98598 0.6783
40 6.08444 6.82694 7.77035 9.00983 10.7119
41 09552 84082 78825 03379 0.7457
43 10664 85475 80622 05789 0.7797
43 11779 86874 82428 08211 0.8139
44 12899 88278 84242 10646 0.8483
45 6.14023 6.89688 7.86064 9.13093 10.8829
46 15151 91104 87895 15554 0.9178
47 16283 92525 89734 18028 0.9529
48 17419 93952 91582 20516 0.9882
49 18559 95385 93438 23016 1.0237
50 6.19703 6.96823 7.95302 9.25530 11.0594
51 20851 98268 97176 28058 1.0954
53 22003 99718 99058 30599 1.1316
53 23160 7.01174 8.00948 33155 1.1681
54 24321 02637 02848 35724 1.2048
55 6.2^486 7.04105 8.04756 9.38307 11.2417 1

56 26655 05579 06674 40904 1.2789

57 27829 07059 08600 43515 1.3163
58 29007 08546 10536 46141 1.3540
59 30189 10038 12481 48781 1.3919
60 6.31375 7.11537 8.14435 9.51436 11.4301
9° 8° 7° 6° 5°
Cot 170° 171° 172° 173° 174° 1

20 4

1
AND COTANGENTS
94° 93° 92° 91° 90° Tan
85° 86° 87° 88° 80°
11.4301 14.3007 19.0811 28.6363 57.2900 6(y
1.4685 4.3607 9.1879 8.8771 8.2612 59
1.5072 4.4212 9.2959 9.1220 9.2659 58
1.5461 4 .4823 9 .4051 9.3711 60.3058 57
1.5853 4.5438 9.5156 9.6245 1.3829 56
11.6248 14.6059 19.6273 29.8823 62.4992 55
1.0645 4.6685 9.7403 30.1446 3.6567 54
1.7045 4.7317 9.8546 0.4116 4.8580 53
1.7448 4.7954 9.9702 0.6833 6.1055 52
1.7853 4.8596 20.0872 0.9599 7.4019 51
11.8262 14.9244 20.2056 31.2416 68.7501 50
1.8673 4.9898 0.3253 1.5284 70.1533 49
1.9087 5.0557 0.4465 1.8205 1.6151 48
1.9504 5.1222 0.5691 2.1181 3.1390 47
1.9923 5.1893 0.6932 2.4213 4.7292 4(i
12.0346 15.2571 20.8188 32.7303 76.3900 45
2.0772 5.3254 0.9460 3.0452 8.1263 44
2.1201 5.3943 1.0747 3.3662 9.9434 43
2.1632 5.4638 1.2049 3.6935 81.8470 43
2.2067 5.5340 1.3369 4 .0273 3 8435 41
12.2505 15.6048 21.4704 34.3678 85.9398 40
2.2946 5.6762 1.6056 4.7151 8.1436 39
2.3390 5.7483 1.7426 5.0695 90.4633 38
2.3838 5.8211 1.8813 5.4313 2.9085 37
2.4288 5.8945 2.0217 5.8006 5.4895 36
12.4742 15.9687 22.1640 36.1776 98.2179 35
2.5199 6 .0435 2.3081 0.5627 101.107 34
2.5600 6.1190 2.4541 6. 9560 04.171 33
2.6124 6.1952 2.6020 7.3579 07.426 33
2.6591 6.2722 2.7519 7.7686 10.892 31
12.7062 16.3499 22.9038 38 1885
. 114.589 30
2.7536 6.4283 3.0577 8.6177 18.540 39
2.8014 6.5075 3.2137 9.0568 22.774 38
2.8496 6.5874 3.3718 9.5059 27.321 37
2.8981 6.6681 3.5321 9.9655 32 .2] 9 36
12.9469 16.7496 23.6945 40.4358 137.507 35
2.9962 6.8319 3.8593 0.9174 43.237 34
3.0458 6.9150 4.0263 1.4106 49.465 33
3.0958 6.9990 4.1957 1.9158 56.259 33
3.1461 7.0837 4.3675 2.4335 63.700 31
13.1%9 17.1693 24.5418 42.9641 171.885 30
3.2480 7.2558 4.7185 3.5081 80.932 19
3.2996 7.3432 4.8978 4.0661 90.984 18
3.3515 7.4314 5.0798 4.6386 202.219 17
3.4039 7.5205 5.2644 5.2261 14.858 16
13.4566 17.6106 25.4517 45.8294 229.182 15
3.5098 7.7015 5.6418 6.4489 45.552 14
3.5634 7.7934 5.8348 7.0853 64.441 13
3.6174 7.8863 6.0307 7.7395 86.478 13
3.6719 7.9802 6.2296 8.4121 312.521 11
13.7267 18.0750 26.4316 49.1039 343.774 10
3.7821 8.1708 6.6367 9.8157 381 .971 9
3.8378 8.2677 6.8450 50.5485 429.718 8
3.8940 8.3655 7.0566 1.3032 491.106 7
3.9507 8.4045 7.2715 2.0807 572.957 6
U.0079 18.5645 27 .4899 52.8821 687.549 5
4 .0655 8.6656 7.7117 3.7086 859.436 4
4.1235 8.7678 7.9372 4.5613 1145.92 3
4.1821 8.8711 8.1664 5.4415 1718.87 3
4.2411 8.9755 8.3994 6.3506 3437.75 1
14.3007 19.0811 28.6363 57.2900 Infinite

4° 3° 3° 1° 0° Cot
175° 176° 177° 178° 179°

I 205
206 TABLES

VI. CONVERSION FACTORS.

Angles.
1 rad.= 57.2958 deg. = 3437.75 min. = 206,265 sec.

Areas.
1 sq. mile = 640 acres = 258.999 hectares.
1 hectare = 100 ares =1000 sq. meters = 2.471
acres.
1 acre =10 sq. chains = 43,560 sq. ft.

1 sq. yd. =9 sq. ft. = 0.836 sq. meter.

1 sq. meter= 10.764 sq. ft. = 1.196 sq. yd.

Densities.

1 lb. per cu. ft. = 16.018 kg. per cu. meter.

1 lb. per cu. in. = 27.680 g. per cu. cm.

1 kg. per cu. meter =0.06243 lb. per cu. ft.

1 g. per cu. cm. = 0.03613 lb. per cu. in.

Discharge.
1 cu. ft. sec. = 448.9 gal. per min. = 1.086
per
per day.
acre-ft.
1 acre-ft. per day = 0.5042 cu. ft. per sec.
1,000,000 gal. per day = 3.0689 acre-ft. per day
= 1.547 ca. ft. per sec.
1 cu. ft. per sec. = 40 miner's inches.
1 miner's inch =1.5 cu. ft. per min. = 11.22 gal.
per min.
1 in. of rainfall per hr. = 1.008 cu. ft. per sec.
per acre.

Energy.
1 ft-lb. = 1.356 joules or watt-sec.
1 Joule = 10^ ergs= 10^ dyne-cm.
1 horse-power-hr. = 1.98 X 10^ ft-lb. = 0.7457 kw-
hr. = 2544 Btu.
1 kw-hr. = 1.341 horse-power-hr. = 3411 Btu.=
2.654X106 ft-lb.
1 Btu. = 778.4 = 0.252 kg-cal.
ft-lb.

1 =
meter-kilogram 7.233 ft-lb.
 TABLES 207

Force.

1 lb.= 0.4536 kg. = 444,822 dynes.

1 kg.= 2.2046 lb. = 980,665 dynes.
1,000,000 dynes = 2.2481 lb. = 1.020 kg.

Length.

1 mile = 5280 ft. = 80 chains = 320 rods = 1.6094

kilometers.
1 meter = 39.37 inches= 3.2808 ft. = 1.0936 yd.
1 in. = 2.54 cm. = 25.4 mm.
1 yd. = 0.9144 meter.
1 ft. = 30.48 cm. = 0.3048 meter.

Power.

1 horse-power =33,000 ft-lb. per min. = 550 ft-

Ib. per sec.

1 horse-power = 0.7457 kw. = 0.7066 Btu. per

sec.
1 kw. = 1.341 horse-power = 737.5 ft-lb. per sec.
1 horse-power = 1.0139 metric horse-power.

Pressure.

1 ft. of water =62.4 lb. per sq. ft. = 0.433 lb. per
sq. in.
1 in. of mercury = 1.134 ft. of water = 0.4912 lb.
per sq. in.

1 atmosphere = 14.697 lb. per sq. in. = 33.9 ft.

of water.
1 lb. per sq.ft. = 4.8824 kg. per sq. meter.

1 lb. per sq. in. = 0.07031 kg. per sq. cm.

1 kg. per sq. cm. = 14.223 lb. per sq. in. = 32.8
ft. of water.

1 ton per sq. ft. = 13.889 lb. per sq. in.

Temperature.

Deg. C.= (deg. F.- 32) X 0.55556.

Deg. F.= (1.8Xdeg. C.)+32.
 .

208 TABLES

Velocity.

1 rad. per sec. = 9.5496 rev. per min. = 0.15916

rev. per sec.
1 rev. per min. = 6.0000 deg. per sec.
1 ft. per sec. = 0.6818 miles per hr.
1 mile per hr. = 88 ft. per min. = 1.4667 ft. per sec.
Volume.
1 cu. yd.= 27 cu. ft. = 21.696 bushels.
1 6u. meter = 1000 liters =1.308 cu. yds.
1 bu. =8 gal. (dry) = 1.2445 cu. ft. = 2150.4 cu.
in.

1 gal. (dry measure) = 1.1637 gal. (liquid

measure)
1 cu. ft. = 7.481 gal. (liquid measure).

Weight.
1 lb. Avoir. = 1.2153 lb. Troy or Apoth.
1 lb. Avoir. = 16 oz. = 7000 grains = 0.4536 kg.
1 kg. = 2.2046 lb. Avoir.
1 short ton = 2000 lb. = 0.90718 metric ton.
1 long ton = 2240 lb. = 1.120 short tons.
1 metric ton= 1000 kg. = 2204.6 lb.
 INDEX
I AcceleratJon
Page
46, 47
Analytic Geometry 14
Areas (See Circle, Ellipse, etc.)
Arithmetical Progression 3
Bazin's Formula (Chezy Coefficient) . . 100
Bazin's Formula (Weirs) 94
Beams 65
Cantilever Beam, End Load 73
Cantilever Beam, Uniform Load ... 72
Continuous Beams 77, 78
Fixed Beam, Center Load 74
Fixed Beam, Load off Center .... 76
Fixed Beam, Uniform Load 73
Reinforced Concrete Beams 89
Simple Beam, Center Load 70
Simple Beam, Load off Center .... 70
Simple Beam, Moving Loads .... 71
Simple Beam, Several Loads .... 71
Simple Beam, Uniform Load .... 69
Theorem of Three Moments 67
Bending Moment 66
Belt, Friction of 53
Theorem
Bernoulli's 99
Binomial Theorem 4
Calculus, Differential 23
Calculus, Integral 26
Catenary, The 21
Center of Gravity 41
Center of Pressure 93
Centroid of Forces 41
Chezy's Formula 98, 99
Circle of Inertia 45
The
Circle, 17
Columns 80
209

I
210 INDEX
•Page
Columns, Reinforced Concrete 89
Combined Stresses 84
Combinations and Permutations .... 3
Concrete, Reinforced 88
Cones 21
Conic Sections, General Equation of . . 22
Conversion Factors 206
Core Sections 59
Couple, Definition 41
Cubic Equations, Solutions for 5
Curves> (See Analytic Geometry) . . . 17-22
Curves, Elastic 68
Cycloid, The 20
Cylinders, Thin, Stresses in ..... . 63
Deflection of a Beam 69
Density of Water 92
Determinants 4
Differential Calculus 23
Dififerentiation 24
Dynamics 46
Elastic Curves 68
Ellipse, The 18
Ellipsoid of Inertia 45
Ellipsoid of Stress 86
Energy 52
Energy of Jets 96
Equations, Methods of Solution .... 5
Equilibrium 40
Equivalent Pipe Lengths 99
Exponents 1
Falling Bodies 46
Fanning's Formula for Pipes 97
Flamant's Formula for Pipes 98
Flow in Channels 99
Flow in Pipes 97
Force and Acceleration 47
Force of Jet 96
Forces 40
Francis* Formula for Weirs 93
Friction 52
 INDEX 211
Page
Friction of Belt 53
Fteley and Stearns' Formula for Weirs . 94
Geometrical Progression 3
Graphical Solution of Equations .... 6
Greek Letters (Facing Page 1.)
Harmonic Progression 3
Herschel's Formula for Weirs 95
Higher Equations, Method of Solution . . 6
Hydraulic Grade Line 101
Hydraulics 92
Hyperbola, The 19
Hyperbolic Functions 13
Hyperboloids 22
Impact ... 47, 86
Impulse and Reaction of Water .... 96
Inertia Circle 45
Inertia, Moment of 43
Integral Calculus 26
Kernel of a Section 59
Kutter's Formula 100
Logarithms, Theory and Explanation . . 1

Logarithms of Numbers 104

Logarithmic Sines and Cosines 134
Logarithmic Tangents and Cotangents . 152
Losses of Head, Hydraulic 98
Materials, Strength of 54
Maximum Value of a Function 25
Mechanics of Materials 54
Mechanics, Theoretical 39
Minimum Value of a Function 25
Moment, Bending 66
Moment of Inertia 43
Moment for Concentrated Loads .... 71
Moving Plates 96
Motion of a Point, Curvilinear 48
Neutral Axis, Equation of 59
Orifices and Jets 95
Parabola, The 18
Parabola, The Cubic 21
Paraboloids • . . . 22
212 INDEX
Page
Pendulum 52
Permutations and Combinations .... 3
Pipes, Flow in 97
Pipes, Stresses in 63
Plane Triangles 11
Power 52
Power, Transmission of 53, 86
Precessional Rotation 51
Product of Inertia 44
Progression 3
Projectiles 48
Proportion 2
Quadratic Equations 5
Radius of Curvature 25
Radius of Curvature for Beams .... 68
Radius of Gyration 44
Reinforced Concrete 88
Riveted Joints 64
Rotation 49
Rotation, Precessional 51
Section Modulus 60
Series 4
Shear, Diagonal 62
Shear, Vertical 65
Shearing Stresses 66
Sines and Cosines, Logarithmic 134
Sines and Cosines, Natural 170
Smith's (Hamilton) Formula for Weirs . 93
Spheres 21
Spheres, Thin, Stresses in 63
Spherical Triangles 12
Spheroids 21
Spirals 20
Static Pressure 92
Statics 40
Straight Line, The 16
Stresses:
Combined Stresses 84
Diagonal Stresses 62
Direct Stresses 55
 INDEX 213
Page
Stresses:
Eccentric Stresses 56, 84
Flexiiral Stresses 68
I Struts
Stresses in Cylinders and Spheres . . 63
80
Submerged Weirs 94
Tangents and Cotangents, Logarithmic . 152
Tangents and Cotangents, Natural ... 188
Taylor's Theorem 25
Theorem of Three Moments 67
Top, Rotation of 51
Torsion 85
Transformation Formulse 44
Transformation of Coordinates 14
Transmission of Power 53, 86
Triangles, Solution of 11
Trigonometry 8
Tube, Standard 96
Velocity and Acceleration 46
Velocity Head 95
Velocities, Relative, in Channels .... 101
Velocities, Virtual 47
Volumes (See Sphere, Cone, etc.)
Weirs 93
Work and Energy 52