Scribd
Upload
0 views6 pages

C++ Session3 29 June 2025

The document provides an overview of C++ mathematical functions, boolean data types, and conditional statements including if, else, else if, and switch statements. It explains how to use functions like max, min, and those from the <cmath> library, as well as how to declare boolean variables and implement logical conditions. Additionally, it includes examples demonstrating the syntax and usage of these concepts in C++ programming.

Uploaded by

hardik140692
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0 views6 pages

C++ Session3 29 June 2025

The document provides an overview of C++ mathematical functions, boolean data types, and conditional statements including if, else, else if, and switch statements. It explains how to use functions like max, min, and those from the <cmath> library, as well as how to declare boolean variables and implement logical conditions. Additionally, it includes examples demonstrating the syntax and usage of these concepts in C++ programming.

Uploaded by

hardik140692
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

C++ Math

C++ has many functions that allows you to perform mathematical tasks on numbers.

Max and min

The max(x,y) function can be used to find the highest value of x and y:

Example

cout << max(5, 10);

And the min(x,y) function can be used to find the lowest value of x and y:

Example

cout << min(5, 10);

C++ <cmath> Library

Other functions, such as sqrt (square root), round (rounds a number) and log (natural
logarithm), can be found in the <cmath> header file:

Example

// Include the cmath library


#include <cmath>

cout << sqrt(64);


cout << round(2.6);
cout << log(2);

C++ Booleans

Very often, in programming, you will need a data type that can only have one of two values, like:

• YES / NO

• ON / OFF

• TRUE / FALSE
For this, C++ has a bool data type, which can take the values true (1) or false (0).

Boolean Values

A boolean variable is declared with the bool keyword and can take the values true or false:

Example

bool isCodingFun = true;


bool isFishTasty = false;
cout << isCodingFun; // Outputs 1 (true)
cout << isFishTasty; // Outputs 0 (false)

C++ Conditions and If Statements

You already know that C++ supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:

• Less than: a < b

• Less than or equal to: a <= b

• Greater than: a > b

• Greater than or equal to: a >= b

• Equal to a == b

• Not Equal to: a != b

You can use these conditions to perform different actions for different decisions.

C++ has the following conditional statements:

• Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is true

• Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same condition is false

• Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first condition is false

• Use switch to specify many alternative blocks of code to be executed

The if Statement

Use the if statement to specify a block of C++ code to be executed if a condition is true.
Syntax

if (condition) {
// block of code to be executed if the condition is true
}

Note that if is in lowercase letters. Uppercase letters (If or IF) will generate an error.

In the example below, we test two values to find out if 20 is greater than 18. If the condition
is true, print some text:

Example

if (20 > 18) {


cout << "20 is greater than 18";
}

The else Statement

Use the else statement to specify a block of code to be executed if the condition is false.

Syntax

if (condition) {
// block of code to be executed if the condition is true
} else {
// block of code to be executed if the condition is false
}

Example

int time = 20;


if (time < 18) {
cout << "Good day.";
} else {
cout << "Good evening.";
}
// Outputs "Good evening."

Example explained

In the example above, time (20) is greater than 18, so the condition is false. Because of this, we
move on to the else condition and print to the screen "Good evening". If the time was less than
18, the program would print "Good day".
The else if Statement

Use the else if statement to specify a new condition if the first condition is false.

Syntax

if (condition1) {
// block of code to be executed if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
// block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is true
} else {
// block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is false
}

Example

int time = 22;


if (time < 10) {
cout << "Good morning.";
} else if (time < 20) {
cout << "Good day.";
} else {
cout << "Good evening.";
}
// Outputs "Good evening."

Example explained

In the example above, time (22) is greater than 10, so the first condition is false. The next
condition, in the else if statement, is also false, so we move on to the else condition
since condition1 and condition2 is both false - and print to the screen "Good evening".

However, if the time was 14, our program would print "Good day."

C++ Switch Statements

Use the switch statement to select one of many code blocks to be executed.

Syntax

switch(expression) {
case x:
// code block
break;
case y:
// code block
break;
default:
// code block
}

This is how it works:

• The switch expression is evaluated once

• The value of the expression is compared with the values of each case

• If there is a match, the associated block of code is executed

• The break and default keywords are optional, and will be described later in this chapter

The example below uses the weekday number to calculate the weekday name:

Example

int day = 4;
switch (day) {
case 1:
cout << "Monday";
break;
case 2:
cout << "Tuesday";
break;
case 3:
cout << "Wednesday";
break;
case 4:
cout << "Thursday";
break;
case 5:
cout << "Friday";
break;
case 6:
cout << "Saturday";
break;
case 7:
cout << "Sunday";
break;
}

The break Keyword

When C++ reaches a break keyword, it breaks out of the switch block.

This will stop the execution of more code and case testing inside the block.

When a match is found, and the job is done, it's time for a break. There is no need for more
testing.

A break can save a lot of execution time because it "ignores" the execution of all the rest of the
code in the switch block.

The default Keyword

The default keyword specifies some code to run if there is no case match:

Example

int day = 4;
switch (day) {
case 6:
cout << "Today is Saturday";
break;
case 7:
cout << "Today is Sunday";
break;
default:
cout << "Looking forward to the Weekend";
}

You might also like