MOI UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATIONS

ECE 362 CAT II DEADLINE: EXAM DAY A/Y 2024-2025

Attempt all Questions Time: 2 Hr.

SECTION ONE

1. Explain the constructional differences between salient pole and cylindrical

rotor synchronous machines.
2. Derive the EMF equation of a synchronous generator, considering distribution
and pitch factors.
3. Discuss the armature reaction in a synchronous generator and discuss its
effects under different power factor loads.
4. Define synchronous reactance and synchronous impedance. How are they
experimentally determined?
5. Draw and explain the phasor diagram of a synchronous generator operating at
a lagging power factor.
6. Discuss the voltage regulation of a synchronous generator and explain the
significance of its determination.
7. Describe the synchronous impedance method for determining voltage
regulation and state its limitations.
8. Compare the MMF method and the ASA-modified MMF method for calculating
voltage regulation.
9. Explain the Potier triangle method for determining voltage regulation. What
information does the Potier reactance provide?
10. Explain the slip test and how is it used to determine 𝑋𝑑 and 𝑋𝑞 in a salient pole
alternator.
11. State the characteristics of an infinite bus.
12. List the conditions required for synchronizing an alternator with an infinite
bus bar.

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 13. Explain the concept of synchronizing current and synchronizing power in
parallel-operated alternators.
14. Discuss how a change in excitation affects the operation of a synchronous
generator running in parallel with another.
15. Discuss the effect of changing the input torque on the load sharing of parallel-
operated alternators.
16. Derive the expression for load sharing between two alternators connected in
parallel.
17. Discuss the difference between synchronous motors and induction motors
18. Discuss why is a synchronous motor not self-starting and explain the methods
used to start it.
19. Discuss why a synchronous motor starts as usual but fails to develop its full
torque.
20. Draw the phasor diagram of a synchronous motor operating at a leading power
factor and explain its significance.
21. Discuss the hunting effect in a synchronous motor and how it is suppressed
using damper windings.
22. Explain the concept of a synchronous condenser and how it helps in improving
the power factor.
23. Derive the expression for power developed in a synchronous motor.
24. Draw and explain the ‘V-curves’ and ‘inverted V-curves’ of synchronous motor.
25. Explain the double-revolving field theory for a single-phase induction motor.
26. Compare the torque-speed characteristics of split-phase and capacitor-start
induction motors.
27. Describe the working principle of a shaded pole motor. What are its
applications?
28. Discuss why a universal motor is called "universal" and explain its working
principle.
29. Highlight what a stepper motor is and discuss the types of stepper motors and
their applications.

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SECTION TWO

1. The input to an 11 𝑘𝑉 3-phase star-connected synchronous motor is 50 A. The

effective synchronous reactance and resistance per phase are 29 𝛺 and 0.95 𝛺
respectively. Determine the power supplied to the motor and induced E.M.F
for;
i. 0.8 p.f leading
ii. 0.8 p.f lagging
2. An inductive load has an input of 500 kVA at 0.6 p.f. If a 100 kW synchronous
motor is added to the installation determine;
i. The overall power factor when the synchronous motor is operating at
a unity p.f.
ii. The p.f. at which the motor must operate to produce an overall
system p.f.of 0.8 lagging
3. A salient pole star-connected synchronous motor rated at 200 kVA 3-phase 2.3
kV 50A 187.5 rpm has an effective resistance of 1.5 𝛺 and synchronous
reactance of 20 𝛺 per phase. Calculate the internal power developed by the
motor when it is operating at rated current and 0.8 p.f. leading.
4. A 6.6 kV 3-phase star-connected synchronous motor draws a full load current
of 70A at 0.8 p.f. leading. Find the E.M.F induced, the efficiency, and the output
power of the machine, if the stray losses total 30 kW, and armature resistance
is 2 Ω per phase and the reactance is 20 Ω per phase.
5. A 2.5 kV 3-phase 4 pole star connected synchronous motor runs at 1500 rpm.
The excitation is constant and corresponds to an open circuit voltage of 2.5 kV.
The resistance is negligible in comparison with the synchronous reactance of
3Ω per phase. Determine the power input, power factor, and torque developed
for an armature current of 250 A.
6. A substation operating at its full load of 1000 kVA supplies a load of p.f. 0.71
lagging. Calculate the permissible additional load at this p.f. and the rating of
the synchronous condenser to raise the sub-station p.f. to 0.87 lagging.

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 7. A synchronous generator has 𝑋𝑑 = 0.75 𝑝𝑢 and 𝑋𝑞 = 0.5 𝑝𝑢. It is supplying full-
load at rated voltage at 0.8 lagging power factor. Draw the phasor diagram and
compute the excitation emf.
8. A three-phase, star-connected, 25 kVA, 350 V alternator has an armature
resistance of 4 Ω per phase and a synchronous reactance of 3 Ω per phase.
Calculate the percent voltage regulation (EMF Method) at full load at power
factors of
i. 0.8 lagging
ii. 0.8 leading
iii. Determine the power factor such that the voltage regulation becomes
zero on full load.
9. Two identical 2 MVA alternators operate in parallel. The governor of the first
machine is such that the frequency droops uniformly from 50 Hz on no-load to
47.5 Hz on full-load. The corresponding uniform speed droop of the second
machine is 50 Hz to 48 Hz. Determine how the alternators will share a load of
3 MW.
10. A 500 V, 6-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz, the star-connected synchronous motor has a
resistance and synchronous reactance of 0.3 Ω and 3 Ω per phase respectively.
The open circuit voltage is 600 V. If the friction and core losses total 1 kW,
calculate the line current and p.f. when the motor output is 100 hp.
11. A 3-phase, 415 V, 6-pole, 50 Hz, star-connected synchronous motor has an
E.M.F. of 520 V line to line. The stator winding has a synchronous reactance
of 2 Ω per phase and the motor develops a torque of 220 N-m. The motor is
operating at 415V, 50 Hz bus.
i. Calculate the current drawn from the supply and its p.f.
ii. Draw the phasor diagram showing all the relevant quantities.
12. Two similar 3000 kVA alternators operate in parallel. The governor of the first
machine is such that the frequency drops from 50 Hz at no load to 48 Hz on
full load. The corresponding drop for the second machine is 50 Hz to 48.5 Hz.
i. Determine how the alternators will share a load of 4000 kW

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 ii. Compute the maximum unity p.f. load can they carry without any
one of them getting overloaded
13. A 3 MVA, 6 kV, 1500 rpm, three phase 50 Hz alternator is operating on an
infinite busbar. Given the synchronous reactance is 30%.
i. Find synchronizing power per mechanical degree of angular
displacement at no load.
ii. Find synchronizing torque for a 0.50 mechanical displacement.
14. A 2kV, 3-phase star-connected synchronous motor has a synchronous
reactance of 9 Ω per phase. When the motor delivers 120 kW, the efficiency is
95% ( exclusive of field loss). The power angle is 150. Calculate.
i. The voltage per phase
ii. The p.f.
15. A 3 kV delta-connected synchronous motor has a synchronous reactance of 15
Ω per phase. It operates at a leading power factor of 0.8 when drawing 700 kW
from mains. Compute the excitation EMF.
16. A 15 MVA, 11kV, 1500 r.p.m, 3-phase, 50 Hz alternator is connected to a large
power system. Take 𝑋𝑠 = 0.4 𝑝𝑢 calculate:
i. The synchronizing power per electrical degree of angular
displacement at no load
ii. The full load at rated voltage and current at 0.8 p.f. lagging.
iii. The synchronizing torque for a 0.50 mechanical displacement in each
case.
17. An open circuit, short circuit, and load zero power factor tests are performed
on a 6-pole, 600 𝑉, 50 𝐻𝑧, three-phase star-connected alternator. The effective
ohmic resistance between any two terminals of the armature is 2.4 Ω and the
test results are tabulated below: Using the open circuit characteristics
(O.C.C.), short circuit characteristics, and Zero Power Factor Curve (ZPFC),
determine the regulation at full-load current of 55 A at 0.8 power factor lagging
using:
i. The synchronous impedance method

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 ii. The MMF method
iii. The Potier-triangle method
Field current (A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18

O.C. terminal voltage (V) 70 156 220 288 350 396 440 474 530 568 592 610 _

S.C. line current (A) _ 11 _ 22 _ 34 40 46 57 69 80 _ _

Zero p.f. terminal voltage (V) _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 80 206 314 398 460 504

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