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Math Written Exams Fall 2007 - Fall 2023 - Part142

The document is a Linear Algebra written exam from January 2022, containing instructions for answering problems and explaining calculations. It includes five problems covering topics such as matrix properties, vector transformations, polynomial interpolation, sequences of complex numbers, and singular value decomposition. Students are required to provide explanations for their answers and may receive partial credit for incomplete solutions.

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10 views1 page

Math Written Exams Fall 2007 - Fall 2023 - Part142

The document is a Linear Algebra written exam from January 2022, containing instructions for answering problems and explaining calculations. It includes five problems covering topics such as matrix properties, vector transformations, polynomial interpolation, sequences of complex numbers, and singular value decomposition. Students are required to provide explanations for their answers and may receive partial credit for incomplete solutions.

Uploaded by

mranimal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Algebra Written Exam, January, 2022

Instructions
• Attempt all problems. You may get partial credit for partial solutions.
• Explain all answers. In particular, explain the relevance of each calculation. Points may be
deducted for unexplained answers.
• Cross out anything you think is wrong. Otherwise points may be deducted.
Problems

1. Prove these statements either true or false. A and B are matrices. All matrix and vector
entries are real.
(a) If A is square and det(A) < 0, then A has at least one real eigenvalue.
(b) If An → A as n → ∞ is a convergent sequence of d×d matrices, and if An is diagonalizable
for each n, then A is diagonalizable.
(c) If A is n × m (A has n rows and m columns) and B is m × n and AB = In×n , then
m = n.
(d) If A is symmetric and positive definite, then the set of x with xt Ax ≤ 1 is a convex set
(superscript t denotes the matrix transpose).
2. Suppose that u and v are n-component column vectors such that v t u 6= 0. Find a formula for
a matrix R with the properties that

Ru = −u, and Rx = x for any x such that v t x = 0.

Show that R is unique and satisfies R2 = I. Hint: consider the action of R on a vector
y = au + x, where a is a scalar.
3. Consider a polynomial of degree two in two variables, f (x, y) = a1 + a2 x + a3 y + a4 x2 + a5 xy +
a6 y 2 , where x, y and the coefficients a1 , . . . , a6 are all real. Let pj = (xj , yj ), j = 1, . . . , 6, be
six distinct points on the unit circle, and suppose six real numbers u1 , . . . , u6 are specified.
An interpolating quadratic polynomial would be f with coefficients set so that f (pj ) = uj for
each j. Show that there are values u1 , . . . , u6 for which no interpolating quadratic polynomial
exists. Hint: Show that f1 (x, y) = 1 (a constant function) and f2 (x, y) = x2 + y 2 have
f1 (pj ) = f2 (pj ) for each j.
4. Suppose zn is a sequence of complex numbers (not all zero) that satisfy zn+1 = zn + 14 zn−1 .
(a) Show that if z0 = 0 and z1 = 1, then zn+1 /zn → r as n → ∞. Identify r.
(b) Find numbers a and b so that |zn | → 0 as n → ∞ if and only if az1 + bz0 = 0.
5. Let A(t) by an n × m matrix whose entries are differentiable functions of a parameter t.
d
Denote the derivative of any quantity with respect to t by a dot. For example, dt A(t) = Ȧ(t).
t
Let A(t) = U (t) Σ(t) V (t) be the SVD (singular value decomposition) of A. (Reminder: this
means U and V are orthogonal matrices of dimension n and m respectively and Σ is n × m
with all entries equal to zero except the (j, j) entry σj ≥ 0, and σj+1 ≤ σj for all relevant j.)
(a) Let uj and vj be the j th columns of U and V , respectively. Show that Avj = σj uj and
utj A = σj vjt .
(b) Assume that σj , uj , and vj are differentiable functions of j. Derive the formula

σ̇j = utj Ȧvj .

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