Three Year LL.B.

Semester I
(LAW OF CONTRACT )
Law of contract being the pillar of the legal structure of a society, the fundamental goal of study is to critically evaluate
principles underlying the legal postulates and propositions. This course is designed to acquaint a student with the
conceptual and operational parameters of these various general principles of contractual relations. Specific enforcement of
contract is an important aspect of the law of contracts.
Analysis of the kinds of contracts that can be specifically enforced and the methods of enforcement forms a significant
segment of this study.
Methods of teaching-learning: Lecture and Case-study method shall be the main method of learning to be followed.
Dialectic method of mooting and argumentation plays a very convincing procedure of learning. The information sharing and
flow of information among the teacher and taught has to work as bonding of the entire course. Paper writing and
presentation may be gainfully employed to maximize the teaching-learning devise.
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Historical Background of Indian Contract Laws 1.2 Contract: Meaning, Definition, Importance, Nature and Scope
1.3 Essentials of Contract 1.4 Indian Contract- Latest developments ( e-Contracts)
UNIT II: PROPOSAL AND ACCEPTANCE- AGREEMENT(S. 2-10)
2.1 Formation of an Agreement, It’s Kinds – Valid, Void, Voidable, Unlawful, illegal 2.2 Intention to Create Legal
Relationship 2.3 Proposal and Acceptance- Their various forms, Essential Elements 2.4 Communication and Revocation of
Offer and Acceptance 2.5 What agreements are Contracts?
UNIT III: CAPACITY TO CONTRACT AND FREE CONSENT (S. 11 - 22)
3.1 Legal Disability to Enter into Contract 3.2 Minors - Effects of Minors Agreement, Persons of Unsound Mind,Persons
disqualified by Law 3.3Consent and Free Consent – Definition 3.4Vitiating Elements of Free Consent –
3.4.1 Coercion, Doctrine of Duress 3.4.2 Undue Influence 3.4.3 Fraud 3.4.4 Misrepresentation 3.4.5 Mistake
3.5Effect on Contracts influenced by any factor Vitiating Free Consent
UNIT IV: CONSIDERATION AND OBJECT (S. 23 - 25)
4.1 Meaning and Nature of Consideration and Object 4.2 Consideration- Its Exceptions 4.3 Legality of Consideration and
Object 4.4 Doctrine of Privity of Contract
UNIT V: LIMITATIONS ON FREEDOM OF CONTRACT (S. 23, 26 – 31)
5.1 Void Agreements 5.1.1 Agreements in Restraint of Marriage 5.1.2 Agreements in Restraint of Trade
5.1.3 Agreements in Restraint of Legal Proceedings 5.1.4Ambiguous and Uncertain Agreement
5.1.5 Wagering Agreements – Its exceptions 5.1.6 Agreements with Unlawful Consideration
5.1.7 Agreements without Consideration 5.1.8 Agreements against Public Policy 5.2 Contingent Contracts
UNIT VI: DISCHARGE AND REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT (S. 37 – 67)
6.1 Meaning and Nature - Discharge of Contract 6.2 Different Modes - 6.2.1 By Performance 6.2.2 By Agreement –
Novation, Alteration, Rescission, Remission, Waiver, Accord and Satisfaction
6.2.3 By Operation of Law – Insolvency, Merger, Alteration without consent , Death
6.2.4 By Breach- Anticipatory Breach - Actual breach
6.2.5 By Impossibility of Performance – Destruction of Subject Matter, Death or Personal Incapacity, Change of Law, non-
existence or non-occurrence of particular state of thing, declaration of war – Doctrine of Frustration
6.2.6 By Lapse of Time
UNIT VII: CERTAIN RELATION RESEMBLING THOSE CREATED BY CONTRACT (QUASI
CONTRACT) (S. 68 -72)
7.1Concept and Classification of Quasi-Contract
7.2 Standard form of Contract
7.3 Government as a Contracting Party
UNIT VIII: REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT
8.1 Remedies under Indian Contract Act (S.73 - 75) 8.1.1 Cancellation or Rescission 8.1.2 Restitution 8.1.3 Quantum Merit
8.1.4 Damages – Types of Damages – General or ordinary, Special, Vindictive or exemplary, nominal Remoteness and
Ascertainment of Damages 8.2 Remedies under Specific Relief Act, 1963 (S.5 – 43) 8.2.5 Preventive Relief
8.2.1 Recovering possession of property 8.2.2 Specific Performance 8.2.3 Declaratory Decrees 8.2.4 Injunctions

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW- I (Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles of State Policy) (Paper – II)
India is a democracy and her Constitution embodies the Principles of the democratic government. A good
understanding of the Constitution and the constitutional amendments, judicial decisions, constitutional practice
and conventions, is therefore, absolutely necessary for a student of law. He must also know the genesis, nature
and special features of the Constitution and be-aware of the social, political and economic influence on it. A
student must learn how various interpretations of the constitution are possible and how do they influence the
growth of constitutional law. Judicial review is an important aspect of constitutional law. The application of
basic structure objective in the evaluation of executive actions is an interesting development of Indian
constitutional law.
UNIT I: MAKING OF CONSTITUTION AND FEATURES
1.1 Making of Indian Constitution 1.2 Nature of constitution 1.3 Salient Features of the Indian Constitution
1.4 Citizenship-under constitution and Citizenship Act 1955 1.5 Preamble
UNIT II: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS- JUSTICIABILITY- STATE OBLIGATION- ART 12-13
2.1 Fundamental Rights – meaning and scope of 2.2 Definition of ‘State’ for enforcement of fundamental rights
2.3 Justiciability of fundamental rights 2.4 Definition of law for constitutional law purpose
2.5 Doctrine of eclipse, severability, waiver.
UNIT III: RIGHT TO EQUALITY (ART 14-18)
3.1 Equality before law and equal protection of law 3.2 Classification for differential treatment- Constitutional validity 3.3
Protective measures –gender discrimination
3.4 Protective discrimination in favor of certain sections of the society 3.5 Untouchability and abolition of titles
UNIT IV: FREEDOMS AND SOCIAL CONTROL UNITS (ART 19-22)
4.1 Freedoms and restrictions under (Art.19) 4.2 Protection in respect of conviction for offences (Art.20)
4.3 Right to life and personal liberty (Art.21) 4.4 Right to education (Art. 21 A)
4.5 Protection against arrest and Preventive Detention (Art.22)
UNIT V: RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION (ART 22-23)
5.1 Prohibition of traffic in human beings, 5.2 Forced labours – bonded labour 5.3 Trafficking of women and children 5.4
Prohibition of employment of children 5.5 Right of children a free and compulsory education
UNIT VI:RIGHT TO RELIGION AND MINORITY RIGHTS
6.1 Concept of Secularism- Historical perspective. 6.2 Freedom of Religion-nature, scope and limitations.
6.3 Right to Freedom of Religion- use and misuse- Indian scenario. 6.4 Minority Rights
6.5 Relationship between Religion and minority
UNIT VII: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REMEDIES (ART 32)
7.1 Writ of Habeas Corpus 7.2 Writ of Mandamus 7.3 Writ of Certiorari 7.4 Writ of Prohibition
7.5 Writ of Quo-warranto
UNIT VIII: DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES, FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
(ART 35-51A)
8.1 Underlying object and significance of Directive Principles. 8.2 Classification of Directives.
8.3 Fundamental Right and Directive principles- Interrelationship and Judicial balancing.
8.4 Fundamental Duties--- Need, Source and enforcement of fundamental duties.
8.5 Relation of Fundamental Duties with Directive Principles and Fundamental Right

LAW OF TORT & CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW PAPER III

Independent of criminal or contract law, Tort law provides individuals and groups with redress for injury to everydimension
of life from physical injury, to property damage, to personal insult. Over past decades no area of law within the civil justice
system has experienced greater ferment than the law of Tort and this has resulted in vital changes the thinking of the
tortuous liability. The object of the course is to familiarize the students with the nature and extent of liability of the private
enterprises, multinationals and the government authorities for the wrongs committed against the individual and their
property, and to develop sound knowledge, skills and disposition amongst students of law on some of the contemporary
issues of Specific Torts, Cyber Tort, Family Tort, and Economic Tort, Product Liability etc.
Presently the emphasis is on extending the principles not only to harmful acts but also to failure to comply with standards
that are continuously changing due to advancement in science and technology. In the modern era of consumer, concern of
goods and services, the law of torts has added significance in consumer protection. Taking this into consideration, a topic
on Motor Vehicle Accident claims has been added. It emphasizes liability, Insurance and working of claim Tribunals.
UNIT I: CONCEPT OF TORT, NATURE AND SCOPE
1.1 History, Definition and Scope of Tort 1.2 Nature of tort-Distinction between tort and crime
1.3 Essential elements of law of tort 1.3.1 Wrongful act 1.3.2 Legal damage-a) Damnum Sine injuria b) Injuria sine damnum
1.3.3 Legal remedy 1.4 Relevance of law of tort - Intention, Motive, Malice, Knowledge, Negligence
1.5 Who May Sue and who may not be sued?
UNIT: II GENERAL DEFENSES IN TORT-
2.1 Volenti non fit injuria 2.2 Necessity & Act of God 2.3 Inevitable accident & Private defense 2.4 Statutory Authority
2.5 Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Acts
UNIT III: DISCHARGE OF TORTUOUS LIABILITY-
3.1 By death of parties- action personal is monitor cum persona exceptions 3.2 Waiver and acquiescence
3.3 Release 3.4 Accord & satisfaction 3.5 Limitation
UNIT IV: TORTIOUS LIABILITY-
4.1 The concept of liability 4.2 Basis and Scope of liability 4.3 Modes of creation of vicarious liability 4.3.1 Express
authorization 4.3.2 Ratification 4.3.3 Abetment 4.4 Liability-Special Relationship 4.4.1 Master & Servant
4.4.2 Independent Contractor & Servant 4.5 Strict Liability and Absolute Liability 4.2.1 Ryland Vs Fletcher
4.2.2 UCC V. Union of India 4.2.3 Application of the rule in India
UNIT V: NEGLIGENCE AND NUISANCE
5.1 Definition and concept of Negligence 5.2 Essentials of Negligence - Standard of care
5.3 Doctrine of contributory negligence - Res ipsaloquitor and its importance in compensatory laws.
5.4 Definition and concept of Nuisance 5.5 Essential of Nuisance – Defenses - Remedy
UNIT VI: REMEDIES FOR TORT
6.1 Judicial Remedies 6.2 Extra Judicial Remedies
UNIT VII: DEFAMATION
7.1 Definition and concept 7.2 Essentials of defamation 7.3 Libel, slender and Innuendo 7.4 Defenses and remedies
UNIT VIII: THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986
8.1 Meaning, Definitions, Importance, Nature & Scope 8.2 Rights of Consumer 8.3 Redressal Mechanism
8.4 Filing complaint, Appeal and enforcement

LAW OF CRIMES I- (Indian Penal Code) IV

Crime and Punishment has been the one of the most important task of rule of law of the State. This course is designed with
a prime object to familiarize students with the principles of criminal liability and other concepts of Substantive criminal law.
So proper understanding of these offences & criminal behaviors, methods of controlling them has now became extremely
important in the larger context of Indians development & to build a just and humane society. The curriculum outlined here
attempts to seek these objectives.
UNIT I: CONCEPT OF CRIME (Sec. 1 – 75)
1.1 Nature and Concept of crime & distinction between Crime,Ethical wrongs. 1.2 Definitions – General Explanations (Sec.
6-52A) 1.3 Stages and Elements of Crimes 1.4 Group Liability in Crimes – Common Intention and Common Object
1.5 Off Punishments (Sec. 53 to 75)
UNIT II: GENERAL EXCEPTIONS UNDER IPC (Sec. 76 – 106).
2.1 Mistake of facts mistake of law 2.2 Necessity, Defense of Juvenile 2.3 Unsound mind and intoxication
2.4 Act in good faith and consent 2.5 Right of private defense of body and property
UNIT III: INCHOATE OFFENCES (Sec. 107 – 120 B and Sec. 141 – 160)
3.1 Meaning, Nature and importance of inchoate offences 3.2 Attempt and abatement 3.3 Criminal Conspiracy
3.4 Unlawful Assembly 3.5 Rioting
UNIT IV: OFFENCES AFFECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY,
CONVENIENCE, DECENCY AND MORALS (Sec 268-294A)
4.1 Offences affecting the Public Health (Section 268-278) 4.1.1 Public Nuisance (S.268) 4.1.2 Acts likely to spread infection
(section 269-271) 4.1.3 Pollution of food or drink (section 272-273 4.1.4 Adulteration of drugs (section 274-276)
4.1.5 Fouling water and relating atmosphere (section 277-278) 4.2 Offences affecting the public safety and Convenience
(Section 277-278) 4.2.1 Rash Driving or riding on a public way. (Section 279) 4.2.2 Rash or negligent navigation. (Section
280) 4.2.3 Exposing false light, mark or being mislead navigator 4.2.4 Conveying any person for hire by water in an unsafe
and overloaded waste Vessel(Section 282) 4.2.5 Causing danger or obstruction to any person in public way. (Section283)
4.2.6 Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance.(Section 284)
4.2.7 Negligent conduct with respect to fire, combustible substances. (section 285-289)
4.2.8 Continuance of Nuisance. (Section 291) 4.3 Public Decency and Morals (ss 292-294A)
4.3.1 Prevention of obscenely (ss 292-294) 4.3.2 Keeping Lottery Office (S 294A)
4.3.3 Cases related to spreading of infectious diseases
UNIT- V: OFFENCES AFFECTING THE HUMAN BODY (Sec. 299 – 377)
5.1 Culpable homicide. Murder 5.2 Hurt & Grievous Hurt. 5.3 Wrongful Restraint & wrongful Confinement. 5.4 Criminal
force & assault. 5.5Kidnapping & Abduction.
UNIT- VI: OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY (Sec. 378 – 462)
6.1 Theft and Extortion. 6.2 Robbery & Dacoity. 6.3 Criminal misappropriation of property and Criminal Breach of Trust.
6.4 Receiving stolen property and Cheating, Mischief. 6.5 Criminal Trespass, House Trespass, House Breaking
UNIT-VII: OFFENCES OF FALSE EVIDENCE & OFFENCES RELATING TO
DOCUMENTS AND PROPERTY (Sec. 191 – 229A, 463-489E)
7.1 Giving false evidence & fabricating false evidence.(sec.493) 7.2Fraudulent claim to property
7.3 Forgery and making false documents 7.4 Forged documents
UNIT-VIII: OFFENSES RELATING TO SEXUAL, MARRIAGE (Sec. 375 – 377, 493-498A)
8.1 Rape 8.2 Unnatural Offenses 8.3 Bigamy 8.4 Adultery 8.5 Cruelty by husband and relatives

FAMILY LAW – I (Paper – V)

The course structure is designed mainly with three objectives in view. One is to provide adequate sociology
perspectives so that the basic concepts relating to family are expounded in their social setting. The next objective
is to give an overview of some of the current problems arising out of the foundational inequalities writ large in
the various family concepts. The third objective is to view family law not merely as a separate system of
personal laws based upon religions but as the one cutting across the religious lines and eventually enabling us to
fulfill the constitutional directive of uniform civil code. Such a restructuring would make the study of familial
relations more meaningful.
To evaluate the strength of family system in India and the extent of legal support
provided to the same and also to examine when and how and to what extent a Uniform Civil Code to regulate a
religious part of family life, if any, may emerge!
Method of study: Lecture method and tutorial form of learning is the best method. Case study and research for
self learning may also be truly effective. Paper writing and presentation may be gainfully employed to maximize
the teaching-learning devise. There are a lot of scope of innovation and new interpretation..
UNIT I : FAMILY RELATIONS- HINDUS, MUSLIMS, CHRISTAINS AND PARSIS
1.1 Natural and sources of Hindu Law 1.2 Schools of Hindu Law 1.3 Nature and sources of Muslim Law 1.4 Schools of
Muslim Law 29
UNIT II: MARRIAGE AND KINSHIP
2.1 Evolution of the institution of marriage and Family 2.2 Role of Religious rituals and practices in molding the rules
regulating to marital relations 2.3 Types of family based upon 2.3.1 Lineage – patrilineal, matrilineal 2.3.2 Authority
structure –patriachcal; matriarchal 2.3.3. Location patrilocal, matrilocal 2.3.4 Number of conjugal units – nuclear, extended,
joint and composite 2.4 Emerging concepts – maître – sambhand and divided homes.
UNIT III: MATRIMONIAL REMEDIES
3.1 Marital conflicts 3.1.1 Non- judicial resolution of marital conflicts 3.1.2 Customary dissolution of marriage – unilateral
divorce, divorce by mutual consent and other modes of dissolution
3.1.3 Divorce under Muslim personal law – talaq and talaq-e-tafweez 3.2 Judicial resolution of marital conflicts : the family
court 3.3 Nullity of marriage 3.4 Option of puberty 3.5 Restitution of conjugal rights
3.6 Judicial separation 3.7 Desertion : a ground for matrimonial relief 3.8 Cruelty: a ground for matrimonial relief
3.9 Adultery : a ground for matrimonial relief 3.10 Other grounds for matrimonial relief
3.11 Divorce by mutual consent under : 3.11.1 Special Marriage Act 1954 3.11.2 Hindu Marriage Act 1955
3.11.3 Muslim law (Khula and Mubaraat)
UNIT IV : BAR TO MATRIMONIAL RELIEF
4.1 Doctrine of strict proof 4.1.1 Taking advantage of one’s own wrong or disability
4.2 Accessory 4.3 Connivance 4.4 Collusion 4.5 Condonation 4.6 Improper or unnecessary delay
4.7 Residuary clause – no other legal ground exists for refusing the matrimonial relief.
UNIT V: LAW OF MAINTENANCE (HINDU AND MUSLIM LAW)
5.1 Claim of spouses 5.2 Claim of parents and children 5.3 Alimony (pendent and permanent)
UNIT VI MINORITY AND ADOPTION
6.1 Adoption under the Hindu Law 6.2 Acknowledgement under the Muslim law 6.3 Minority and Guardianship
UNIT VII : CONVERSION AND ITS EFFECT ON FAMILY
7.1 Marriage 7.2 Adoption 7.3 Guardianship 7.4 Succession
UNIT VIII : CUSTOMARY PRACTICES AND STATE REGULATION
8.1 Polygamy 8.2 Concubine 8.3 Child Marriage 8.4 Sati 8.5 Dowry