PREDICTIONS MARKING SCHEMES

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CRE PAPER 1- KCSE 2025
A SAGACIOUS STUDENT’S SERIES

PREDICTION 1
1 a) Describe the second account of creation as recorded in Genesis 2:4b-25 (8 marks)
 The earth is described as being dry, uninhabited and plant-less.
 God formed man out of dust.
 He breathed the breath of life into his nostrils, and man became a living being.
 God planted a garden in the east, the Garden of Eden, and placed every tree in it.
 In the middle were the tree of life and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
 Four rivers flowed to water the garden.
 Man was commanded to till and conserve the garden.
 He was to eat from all trees apart from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, otherwise
he would die.
 God then formed other creatures, birds and animals and thus commanded man to name
them.
 God saw that Adam was lonely and needed a companion.
 He made Him fall asleep, removed one his ribs and formed the woman out of it.
 He brought her to man, who called her woman, because she was made from man.
 They were naked but were not ashamed.

b) Give seven reasons why Christians should read the bible.(7 marks)
i. To provide Christians with moral values.
ii. To help Christians grow spiritually/ know God
iii. It gives Christians hope/ inspiration.
iv. It reveals the will of God to Christians.
v. It is used in Christian worship.
vi. It is a source of Christian beliefs and practices.
vii. It makes them understand the will of God.
viii. For Christians to understand their relationship with God.
ix. It is a source of knowledge.
x. The writers were inspired by God/ it is the word of God.

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c) Reasons why the bible was translated into various languages.(5 marks)
i. The bible was translated into various languages in order to facilitate the expansion of the
church.
ii. To help indigenize Christianity.
iii. In order to make the word of god to reach more people in their own language.
iv. In order to train local people to take leadership roles.
v. In order to increase the demand for formal education.
vi. The original languages were not easy to understand.
vii. In order to encourage research into African language/ culture.
viii. Many people in the world were using English as a medium of communication.
ix. In order to establish local bible translation societies.

2 a) Outline the instructions given by God to Abraham on circumcision. Gen 17.(6 marks)
i. Him to be circumcised.
ii. Only male descendants to be circumcised.
iii. Those to be circumcised be 8 days old.
iv. Those who failed to be circumcised to be treated as outcasts.
v. Abraham to change his name.
vi. Circumcision to be carried out throughout the generations.

b) State the Significance of circumcision to Abraham and his descendants .(7 marks)
i. It was an outward sign of the covenant/ shows that God had made a covenant with
Abraham.
ii. It was a sigh of membership to the Jewish community.
iii. It signifies purity/ cleanliness.
iv. It was a sign of identity for all male children.
v. It was an outward sign of inner faith in God.
vi. It was a sign of obedience to God’s command.

c) Identify the Similarities between the Jewish and the African practice of circumcision .(7
marks)
i. In both, one becomes a full member of the community.
ii. In both it’s a mark of identification of a person to a particular community.
iii. In both it was carried out on males.
iv. In both cases it unites the members with their ancestors.
v. In both cases members receive new names.
vi. In both cases the rite is a communal affair.
vii. In both cases the rite is carried out from one generation to another/ compulsory
viii. In both special people carried out the operation.
ix. In both it has religious significance.

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 x. In both cases it involved the cutting of the foreskin.

3 a) Describe the background to King David before he became the king of Israel (7 marks)
 His father was Jesse.
 He had eight wives and many children.
 He started off as a shepherd, protecting his father’s sheep from predators (1 Sam 17: 34-
35)
 While he was still a shepherd, Prophet Samuel anointed him as king of Israel.
 He was contracted to serve King Saul from time to time as a musician and armour bearer
(1 Sam 16: 21- 23)
 He used skills learnt while tending his father’s flock to kill Goliath.
 David became fugitive from king Saul who was jealous of his increasing popularity and
sought to kill him.
 He composed the Psalms over his long career and life.
 Upon Saul’s death, he went to Hebron, where he was anointed king of Judah. He was
about 30 years old this time. 1 Sam 2: 1-4
 He underwent about seven years of civil war between the forces loyal to the family of
Saul and forces loyal to him. In the end, Saul’s son Ishbosheth was assassinated, and
David was anointed king over all Israel (2 Sam 4: 1-12; 5:1-5)

b) Identify seven achievements of King David as King of Israel (7 marks)

i. David defeated/ conquered the enemies of the Israelites.

ii. He captured Jerusalem from Jebusites.
iii. He expanded the geographical boundaries of Israel.
iv. He made Jerusalem the capital city of Israel.
v. He made Jerusalem a religious center by bringing the ark of covenant.
vi. He composed Psalms which are used in worship.
vii. He united the 12 tribes of Israel under one rule and God.
viii. He made peace treaties with neighbors.
ix. He made preparation for building the temple.

c) State the characteristics of God as portrayed in the life of King David- (6 marks)

i. God is powerful.
ii. God is moral/ righteous/ good.
iii. God punishes evil/ sin.
iv. God is loving/ caring.
v. God is the defender of the defenseless.
vi. God protects/ saves his people.
vii. God provides for his people.

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viii. God is faithful.
ix. God answers prayers.
x. God is kind/ merciful/ forgiving.
xi. God is holy.

4 a) Describe the vision of plumb line as shown to Prophet Amos by God

 Prophet Amos saw a crooked wall being checked using a plumb line.
 The wall was leaning over/ about to collapse.
 The wall represents Israel.
 God told Amos that he was going to measure his People using a plumb line.
 God would no longer overlook their sin.
 Just like a crooked wall must be destroyed, God’s punishment for Israel was inevitable.
 God would destroy the high places of worship/ the kingdom of Jeroboam II.
 Prophet Amos was silent when God pronounced this punishment/ did not intervene.

b) Reasons why God was to pass judgment on Israel and other Nations
a) Israel had broken their covenant with God by practicing social injustice.
b) Judah had broken their covenant with God by practicing idolatry. God will destroy them
with fire.
c) Syria/Damascus – the people of Syria had threshed the people of Gilead with threshing
sledges of iron during their war with Israel. God will destroy them with divine fire. Also
taken to exile in Kir.
d) Philistia and Gaza – they had sold their fellow citizens as slaves to Edom to work in
their copper industry. God will destroy them with divine fire.
e) Tyre/ Phoenicia – the King of Tyre sold Israelites to Edom as slaves, breaking the
covenant of brotherhood between Hiram and Solomon. God will destroy them with
divine fire.
f) Edom – they had plundered Jerusalem, killed its citizens and carried some to slavery, yet
these were their brothers. God will destroy them with divine fire.
g) Ammon – they had been cruel to the pregnant women of Gilead during their war with
Israel. Their king and princes will be sent to exile and God will destroy them with divine
fire.
h) Moab – they raided the royal graves of Edom and burnt the bones of the dead kings, thus
a rebellion against God’s image in human beings. God will destroy them with divine fire.

c) Factors that hinder Christians from preparing for the day of the Lord
i. They lack faith in God’s word.
ii. Inability to abandon the old/previous life.
iii. The influence of the mass media

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 iv. Emergency of cult leaders in the society
v. Some Christians lead hypocritical life.
vi. Peer pressure
vii. Too much wealth/ too much poverty
viii. Poor role models
ix. Lack of knowledge in the word of God
x. Ridicule/discouragement from others
xi. Lack of time/ busy schedules

5 a) Explain ways in which dishonesty was manifested during the times of Jeremiah
i. False prophets were giving false hopes.
ii. People of Judah deceived each other; no one spoke the truth
iii. Priests and prophets despised and disobeyed the word of God.
iv. Priests preached to the people lies.
v. The people of Judah did not worship God in honesty since they worshipped other gods.
vi. Prophets spoke of visions from their own mind and not the word of God.
vii. They prophesied in the name of Yahweh yet he did not send them.

b) Reasons why Jeremiah condemned deception

i. It alienated the Israelites from God.
ii. It led to syncretism (worship of Yahweh alongside other gods).
iii. It was a violation of the covenant way of life.
iv. It led to insincerity in worship because their worship of God was not in truth and spirit
and did not match their inner piety.
v. Dishonesty ruined the relationship of the Israelites with their fellow human beings.
vi. Deception by prophets and priests led people astray.

c) Actions taken by church members to handle cases of dishonesty

i. The church members find out the cause of dishonesty.
ii. They offer guidance and counseling.
iii. They report the matter to the authority/ disciplining them.
iv. They preach to them about honesty.
v. They Set a good example for them to emulate.
vi. They teach them to live responsibly.
vii. They pray for them and with them.
viii. They forgive them.
ix. They help them to set income generating project.

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6 a) Roles of rain makers in Traditional African Communities
i. They mediate between God, spirits and the people.
ii. They advise the community on whether there is going to be drought or rain.
iii. They preside over religious functions.
iv. They have power to start rain when it is needed and to stop it when it is destructive.
v. They give members of the community blessings.
vi. They offer sacrifices, prayers and offerings to appease the ancestors to help with rain.
vii. They predict weather conditions by studying the skies and behavior of plants and
animals.
viii. They advise the community on both religious and social issues.

b) Factors that undermine the role of specialists in Kenya today

i. Modern education that has brought discoveries in science and technology.
ii. Migration of people/ urbanization.
iii. Intermarriages of people of different cultures.
iv. Modern religions e.g. Christianity has influenced members to listen to their church
leaders other than elders.
v. There is moral decadence in society where the society allows people to do what they
wish.
vi. Modern political systems where laws are made in parliament.
vii. Courts have taken over judicial matters unlike TAS where elders did it.
viii. Wealth today judges the status of a person instead of age and experience.
ix. Western culture has promoted individualism where people think of only themselves and
not the wider community.

c) Ways in which elders solved disputes in traditional African societies.

i. Through making peace agreements.
ii. Returning what have been stolen.
iii. Sharing meals/ beer parties.
iv. Sacrificing to appease the ancestors.
v. Sending mediators between the parties.
vi. Taking reconciliatory oaths.
vii. Paying a fine.
viii. Giving an apology/ asking for forgiveness.
ix. Encouraging marriages between the people who are in conflict.

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PREDICTION 2
1 a) Identify eight letters that Paul addressed to different communities (8marks)
i. Romans
ii. First Corinthians
iii. Second Corinthians
iv. Galatians
v. Ephesians
vi. Philippians
vii. Colossians
viii. First Thessalonians
ix. Second Thessalonians

b) Outline seven literary forms used in writing the Bible (7 marks)

i. Religious epics e.g. Exodus
ii. Gospels/ biographies
iii. Wise sayings- proverbs
iv. Philosophical essays e.g. Job
v. Prose / narratives- Genesis, numbers
vi. Prayers e.g. Nehemiah
vii. Letters / Epistles- Romans, Philippians
viii. Legislative texts / legal / law expressions- Leviticus
ix. Songs- Song of Solomon
x. Sermons
xi. Prophetic speeches e.g. Jeremiah
xii. poetry

c) Give reasons why the bible was compiled into one book (5 marks)
i. The eye witnesses of Jesus were being killed therefore they needed to compile
information for them.
ii. In order to prevent information from getting lost.
iii. Due to the increased number of believers who needed materials to refer to.
iv. False teachers were confusing believers therefore they wanted to counteract false
teachings.
v. To ensure same doctrines/ beliefs were being taught to all Christians.
vi. To reach out the gentiles and Jews in Diaspora.
vii. To preserve an orderly account of biblical theme to avoid distortion.

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2 a) Identify seven ways in which the early life of Moses prepared him for his future
leadership. (7 marks)
i. His life was spared when he was rescued by pharaoh’s daughter and brought up as a
prince.
ii. He was nursed by his own mother through Gods plan / design / taught his history.
iii. Life in the wilderness hardened him to be bold and persevere hardships.
iv. As a shepherd, he learnt keenness and patient / knew the terrain well
v. He learnt family responsibilities through taking care of his family and Jethro’s
vi. He acquired leadership skills while living in pharaoh’s palace.
vii. He received Egyptian education which equipped him in writing the Decalogue.
viii. Having killed an Egyptian made him flee to median where he received his call.
ix. He also learnt family responsibilities through taking care of his own family and that of
Jethro’s
x. He was no stranger to Pharaoh and Egypt. He could approach him on equal terms after he
received divine assurance

b) Outline seven instructions that was given by God to Moses during his call (7 marks)

i. Moses was instructed by God to lead Israelites to the Promised Land.

ii. To perform miraculous acts to prove he was sent by God.
iii. To demand for the release of Israelites even if Pharaoh refused.
iv. To appoint Aaron to speak for him.
v. To bring the Israelites to Mt. Sinai to worship God.
vi. To convince Israelites to respond to him positively.
vii. To make sure Israelites borrow golden rings from the Egyptians.
viii. To reveal to the Israelites, the God who had sent him.
ix. To tell the elders of Israel that God had sent him to deliver the Israelites.
x. To remove his shoes for he was standing on a holy ground.
xi. Not to move close to the burning bush.

c) Outline how modern marriages fulfill the requirements of a covenant (6 marks)

i. It has two parties – i.e. husband and wife.

ii. Both make vows to each other/promises.
iii. There is a sign/exchange of rings as a sign that the marriage is permanent.
iv. Family members and friends act as witnesses.
v. There is colourful ceremony.
vi. It is permanent/ long life union.
vii. Dowry is paid as a seal to marriage

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3 a) Outline seven characteristics of the local Canaanite religion (7 marks)
i. There were many gods and goddesses.
ii. Each god and goddess had his/ her own prophet and prophetess.
iii. It was nature religion.
iv. Symbols and images were used to represent each god/ goddess.
v. Temple prostitution was practiced.
vi. Each god and goddess had specific role to play in the community.
vii. They worshipped on temples, shrines and high places.
viii. Sacrifices including human beings and animals were offered to the gods.
ix. Festivals & feasts were celebrated in honour of gods and goddesses.
x. They had a chief god- El.

b) Name five types of Caananite gods (5 marks)

i. Baal who was a god of fertility and life.
ii. Baal Hadad who storm and rain god.
iii. Anat was goddess of war.
iv. El who was regarded as the high god and father of years.
v. Asherah was goddess of fertility and wife of El.
vi. Baalath was the wife of Baal.
vii. Mot was god of drought, famine and death.

c) Identify ways in which false religion is manifested in Kenya today. (8 marks)

i. Emergence of cults.
ii. False prophesy about end times.
iii. People claiming to be messiah/God.
iv. Human sacrifice.
v. Selling of anointing oil/water for cure.
vi. Consulting mediums/wizards/palmist/ fortune tellers.
vii. Commercializing spiritual gifts.
viii. Devil worshipping.
ix. Syncretism.
x. Prosperity gospel

4 a) Ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to Amos
i. The holy places such as Bethel would be destroyed.
ii. The people of Israel would be taken to exile.
iii. Israel would be invaded by an enemy nation/ under siege/.
iv. The land would be occupied by a foreign nation.
v. Amaziah the priest/ the king/ the people would die by the sword.
vi. The would be hunger/ thirst for the word of God.

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 vii. God would cover the land with total darkness (eclipse).
viii. There would be earthquake.

b) The purpose of God’s judgment on Israel during the time of prophet Amos
i. God’s judgment intended to correct them.
ii. To make them realize their wickedness repent and turn back to God.
iii. To restore His people back to the covenant way of life.
iv. To show God’s love and mercy for his people.
v. To show that Yahweh was in control of political and historical events.
vi. To show God’s power over nature.
vii. To reveal that He was a universal God.
viii. To send a warning to other nations because they would also be punished for their sins.
ix. To remind His people of His will.
x. To fulfill His plan of salvation/He would spare a remnant.

c) Lessons learnt about judgment and punishment According to Amos

i. God is a just judge.
ii. God’s judgment is inevitable.
iii. God’s judgment is universal.
iv. The purpose of God’s judgment is to correct sinners.
v. God judges people by looking into their hearts.
vi. Divine judgment would befall the people of Judah as a group
vii. God would execute his judgment by political events.
viii. Divine judgment would be in form of natural disasters.
ix. God’s punishment is real.
5 a) Problems faced by the Israelites during the Babylonian exile
i. They lacked adequate food.
ii. They lost their identity.
iii. They were influenced into idolatry
iv. They had challenge in following the Babylonian laws.
v. Some were executed.
vi. Adapting to a new environment.
vii. Suffered from various diseases.
viii. They were turned into refugees in Egypt, Moab, Edom, Ammon.
ix. They were not united.
x. They were forced to work for their Babylonian masters.
xi. Their religious loyalty to God was undermined.
xii. There were false prophets.
xiii. They lacked places for worship.
xiv. They lived in fear of Babylonian officials.

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b) Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God before the Babylonian exiles
i. Through prayers/ song/ dance.
ii. Through commemorating God’s saving deeds/ religious festivals/ feasts.
iii. Building places of worship where they prayed to God/ listened to his teachings.
iv. Following teachings of the prophets.
v. Regarding God as their king/ obeying earthly kings
vi. Through observing the religious rituals (e.g. presentation/ circumcision)
vii. Through animal sacrifice.
viii. Through offerings.
ix. Through respecting the Leviticus priest.
x. Through observing the Sabbath.
xi. Through observing/ keeping the ten commandments

c) Lessons Christians learn from Jeremiah’s teaching on the new covenant

i. Christians should keep the laws of God in their hearts.
ii. Christians should be in personal relationship with God.
iii. There will be individual responsibility when one sins.
iv. There is forgiveness of sins if one repents.
v. Christians have an everlasting relationship with God.
vi. Christians learn that the new covenant is fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ.
vii. Christians should practice the law of God.
viii. Those who repent their sins have a new beginning.
ix. Christians need to have faith in God.

6 a) Practices in tradition community that shows their belief in life after death
 Offering sacrifices to the dead.
 Naming children after the dead.
 Invoking names of the dead during problems.
 Holding commemoration ceremonies.
 Fulfilling the wishes of the dead.
 Taking care of the grave yards.
 The corpse is washed using water and herbal medicine in order to preserve it and send it
clean to the spirit world.
 The dead are buried with their belongings such as foodstuffs, animals, bows and arrows.
 The dead are buried in a carefully selected place in the ancestral land so that the spirit
continues to be close to the family.
 The body is also carefully placed in the grave facing the appropriate direction according
to the customs of the people.
 In some communities, the bodies are properly dressed before disposed while in others
like Ababukusu, they are buried naked in the belief that they will be reborn in the spirit
world.

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  During the same period there is singing of mourning songs and dancing as a way of
expressing sorrow and sending off the departed to the next world.
 After the shaving of hair the new hair grows to show that life continues after death.
 Feasting/ drinking is meant to bid farewell to the dead.
 Pouring of libation shows continuity of life.

b) Ways in which the aged prepared their families before they die
i. Invite the families to share a common meal.
ii. Identify the leader of the family before they die
iii. Disclose all the property they own.
iv. Share the property to the family members.
v. Give advice to the family members.
vi. Blessing the family members.
vii. Reconcile the family members.
viii. Identify burial site.
ix. Regarding the funeral.
x. Identify the debtors/ creditors.

c) Moral values acquired during marriage

i. Faithfulness/ loyalty/ obedience to the marriage partner.
ii. Respect for each other and the in-laws.
iii. Responsibilities as everyone has duties to do.
iv. Hospitality/ kindness when hosting people.
v. Tolerance/ Perseverance in all hardships in marriage.
vi. Love for the partner.
vii. Unity/ co-operation with in-laws.
viii. Humility- in marriage.
ix. Courage- when facing challenges.
x. Integrity- to be of moral character in marriage.
xi. Honesty- to each other in marriage.

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PREDICTION 3
1 a) Identify seven ways through which the study of CRE enhances our relationship with
God. (7 marks)

i. Christian religion education helps one to build their foundation of faith in God.
ii. It helps one to understand the nature of God- that God is Triune.
iii. It enables one to acquire Christians living in the society which is God’s will.
iv. It helps one to know/understand God and His will for human beings.
v. It helps one to develop in career and therefore serve God through the career.
vi. It helps one to acquire values and emulate Bible characters who pleased God.
vii. It helps one to develop Christian principles e.g. love, charity/it enables Christians to live
according to the teachings of Jesus Christ.
viii. It helps one to understand their relationship with God.
ix. It helps one to appreciate the environment and conserve it.

b) State the likely problems experienced by the authors of the bible. (5 marks)
i. Lack of printing machines.
ii. Lack of writing materials.
iii. Lack of transport and communication.
iv. It took a long time to complete.
v. Libraries were not yet established.
vi. Some of their writings were destroyed.

c) Outline the ways in which the bible is misused in Kenya today. (8 marks)
i. It is used to take oaths in courts/officer by people who may not he believers/not saying
the truth.
ii. It is kept in places associated with evil e.g. brothels.
iii. There is distortion of the Biblical teachings/ misinterpretation.
iv. Some people use bible like an ordinary textbook/reference.
v. It is being used in witchcraft/cults to mislead people.
vi. Some people are using it to enrich themselves/it is a tool of trade.
vii. Some new versions translated have changed the original meaning of the bible.
viii. The bible is not read for spiritual growth hut it is kept for display.
ix. Some people use the bible to threaten others/ curse others.

2. a) Describe the covenant ceremony between God and Abraham Genesis 15:1-19 (7
marks)
 Abraham doubted fulfilment of promise of a son.
 God gave him assurance that his own son would be heir not Eliezer of Damascus.
 God showed Abraham stars and confirmed that his descendants would be as many as the
stars.

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  God asked Abraham to bring a heifer three years old, ram three years old, a she goat three
years old, turtledove and a young pigeon.
 Abraham slaughtered the animals and arranged them into rows
 The birds, he did not cut.
 Birds of prey targeted the sacrificed animals but Abraham chased them away.
 At sunset Abraham fell into a deep sleep.
 God spoke to him and gave him some promises/ his descendants would be sojourners in a
foreign land but God would deliver them.
 God then passed between the sacrificed animals in form of smoking fire pot and flaming
torch/ reaffirmed to give his descendants land.

b) Outline the importance of God’s covenant with Abraham. (7 marks)

i. God established a personal relationship with Abraham.
ii. It showed Abraham had faith/ trust with God.
iii. Abraham was assured of God’s protection.
iv. God revealed to Abraham that he would get a son/ many descendants.
v. It confirmed Abraham as God’s choice through whom all nations shall receive
salvation.
vi. It confirmed that God was in control of Abraham’s life.
vii. Abraham’s descendants were promised the land of Canaan.
viii. It demonstrated Abraham’s obedience to God.

c) State the importance of faith to Christians. (6 marks)

i. It enables Christians to overcome temptations and challenges in life.
ii. It enables Christians to commit their life to God/ grow spiritually.
iii. It enables Christians to depend on God for all things.
iv. It enables Christians to receive their requests from God.
v. Through faith Christians can perform miracles and do many great things.
vi. Through faith Christians are healed.
vii. It enables Christians to wait patiently for the second coming of Messiah.

3 a) Identify six reasons why Prophet Elijah held a contest on Mt. Carmel. (6 marks)
i. To prove that God was the only one to be worshipped.
ii. To challenge the Israelites to decide whether to follow God or Baal.
iii. To reveal the character of God.
iv. To prove that he was a prophet of god.
v. To show that Yahweh is in control of nature but not Baal.
vi. To remind the Israelites on the need to repent.
vii. To show them that God was ready to save them from destruction
viii. To make Israelites realize that syncretism is a sin before God.

b) State the effects of idolatry in Israel during the time of Prophet Elijah (8 marks)
i. The Israelites lost their identity as God’s people.

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 ii. There was persecution/ hostility towards the prophets/ people of Yahweh.
iii. There was hostility towards the prophets of Yahweh.
iv. The prophets/ prophetesses of Baal were brought to Israel.
v. There was syncretism where Israelites worshipped Yahweh and Baal.
vi. God raised prophets in order to bring people back to the covenant way of life.
vii. There was corruption/ social injustices/ people rejected the covenant way of life.
viii. There was a drought in Israel for three years as a divine punishment for idolatry.
ix. Elijah fled the country/ he was sustained by Yahweh for the entire period of drought.
x. A contest was held at Mount Carmel to prove who the true God was.

c) Give six reasons why Christians should fight against the spread of devil worship in the
society. (6 marks)
i. Christians should fight against the spread of devil worship because it is against God’s
commandments.
ii. It advocates for human destruction.
iii. It advocates for materialism as the guiding factor of man’s success.
iv. Leads to lack of faith / depending on God.
v. Rituals involved in devil worshipping are dehumanizing.
vi. Christians fight devil worship to warn people of God’s judgement.
vii. It instills fear on God’s people.

4 a) Outline seven reasons why God send prophets to Israel

i. To teach about Gods true nature.
ii. To act as mediator between God and the people.
iii. To condemn the social evils in Israel.
iv. To anoint leaders / kings.
v. To warn the people of Gods judgment for their sins.
vi. To teach the people the covenant way of life.
vii. To announce the restoration of Israel for those who repent.
viii. To act as a conscience of the king.
ix. To condemn idolatry and promote monotheism (the religion of Yahweh).

b) Identify the social injustices condemned by prophet Amos in Israel

i. There was oppression of the poor by the rich.
ii. They sold fellow Israelites into slavery
iii. There was violence/ robbery in the land.
iv. The rich lived in luxury
v. There was bribery in courts.
vi. There was sexual immorality in the land.
vii. There was use of false scales in business

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viii. They sold worthless wheat to others.
ix. There was misuse of garment of pledge.
x. There was murder of innocent.

c) Ways in which wealthy merchants cheat in businesses in Kenya today

i. Wealthy merchants cheat in businesses through creating artificial shortages of goods so
as to hike the price.
ii. By the use of false weighing scales.
iii. By overcharging of goods sold to the people.
iv. By selling of low quality goods unfit for human consumption.
v. By charging high interest rates.
vi. By mixing bad and good cereals.
vii. By selling goods which have expired.
viii. By overcharging of prices.

5 a) Identify seven reasons why the Northern Kingdom of Israel was destroyed before the
southern kingdom of Judah
i. The people persecuted the prophets of Yahweh.
ii. The kings led people into worship of idol gods e.g. Jeroboam
iii. The kings were not God given- they forced their way onto the throne.
iv. The people rejected the true prophets like Elijah.
v. The people refused to repent when given an opportunity.
vi. The people didn’t destroy the Canaanite temples but took to worship both Yahweh and
Canaanite gods in these temples.
vii. Kings did not return the people to the covenant way of life.
viii. The kings built temples for idol worship.
ix. They formed political alliance with neighboring nations instead of trusting Yahweh
totally.
x. The kings propagated injustices where the poor were denied justice e.g. Ahab and
Naboth.
xi. The people engaged in immoral activities in the temple.
xii. They sold fellow Israelites into slavery which was forbidden by Yahweh.
xiii. The judges were corrupt- they took bribes thus the innocent were wrongly convicted.

b) Describe the social-economic problems during the time of Nehemiah

 The Jews who returned to Judah found out that their land was occupied by foreigners
who were the Samaritans.
 The men of Judah who had been left had married foreigners.
 The Samaritans who came forth from the marriage of a Jew and a foreigner could speak
the language of their mothers.

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  The rich sold the poor to the slavery.
 Hebrew language was under threat.
 When Nehemiah came back he banned marriage to foreigners.
 The Israelites found it hard to organize themselves as their land was occupied by
foreigners.
 When Nehemiah wanted to start rebuilding the wall he was threatened by the Samaritans
e.g. Tobias and Sanballat.
 The rich confiscated the property of the poor due to failure to pay debts.

c) State the relevance of Jeremiah’s letter to the exile to Christians today

i. Christians should visit those who are suffering.
ii. They should call upon sinners to repent.
iii. They should condemn false prophesies.
iv. They should preach peace love and unity.
v. Provide basic needs to those who are suffering.
vi. They should guide and counsel victims of political war.
vii. They should work to cater for their needs.
viii. Pray for the suffering.
ix. They should reconcile the warring parties.

6 a) Reasons why a medicine man was considered a counselor

i. They carefully listened to people’s problems.
ii. They created an environment of trust and confidence with the patient.
iii. They show concern to people’s problems.
iv. They asked questions carefully in order to get appropriate answers to enable them tackle
the problem.
v. They analyzed information given to identify the cause.
vi. They gave patients assurance that the problem was going to be solved.
vii. Made appointments for future consultation.
viii. They advised the patience on what to do in order to overcome the problem.
ix. They gave protective charms to protect the patient.
x. They offer solutions to the problem.

b) Reasons why medicine men are becoming popular today

i. They are believed to be cheaper.
ii. People have claimed to have been healed diseases contemporary medicine could not.
iii. Their medicine is believed to have no side effects as it comes from natural sources.
iv. They are well advertised.
v. They are stationed in almost all towns/ easily available.
vi. Some of the herbalists are young and therefore acceptable to the young generation.

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 vii. The government has licensed them.
viii. Herbal medicines are packaged like contemporary medicine.
ix. They are consulted by contemporary doctors in research for medicine.

c) Occasions when prophets were consulted

i. During sickness/ frequent death/ difficult death.
ii. When there was calamity e.g. drought.
iii. During marriage ceremonies.
iv. During cleansing rituals/ sacrifices.
v. Before embarking on war/ raid.
vi. When there was a serious dispute/ dilemma.
vii. Before initiation rite took place.
viii. During pregnancy/ case of difficult child birth/ barrenness.

PREDICTION 4
1 a) How can the learning of CRE help a student in the modern society? (8 marks)
i. The learning of Christian Religious Education promotes a healthy spiritual life.
ii. It helps in developing Christian principles which guide them in making moral decision.
iii. It helps them appreciate African practices which enhance moral values.
iv. It enhances promotion of unity by advocating for harmony and peace in the society.
v. It enhances deep understanding of God and his saving power through Jesus Christ.
vi. It helps them to face challenges wisely by equipping them with life skills.
vii. It promotes respect, protection and conservation of God’s creation.
viii. It helps them appreciate their own culture and other people’s religion, hence co-existing
with other people.
ix. Justice, equality and concern for others are promoted.

b) State six ways in which the teaching of Christian Religious Education promote National
Unity in Kenya today. (6 marks)
i. Christian Religious Education teaches the importance of love.
ii. It teaches social/moral values which strengthen unity among people.
iii. It teaches that human beings have one Origin and destiny.
iv. It teaches that all human beings are equal before God.
v. The teaching of CRE involves only one syllabus used by all people.
vi. The teaching of CRE helps in appreciating other people’s faith.
vii. It teaches the importance of understanding oneself and appreciating others.

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c) Identify the ways in which God reveals himself to man today. (6 marks)
i. God reveals himself to man today through the Holy scriptures.
ii. Through conscience/ Holy Spirit.
iii. Through nature/ natural things.
iv. Through historical events.
v. Through other individuals e.g. pastors, prophets etc.
vi. Through direct revelation e.g. speaking to a person audibly.
vii. Through dreams and visions.

2 a) Outline eight plagues that God used to demonstrate his power in Egypt. (8 marks)
i. The waters of Egypt turned into blood.
ii. The land of Egypt was covered with frogs.
iii. The dust of Egypt became gnats.
iv. Swarms of flies covered the land.
v. There was death of Egyptian livestock.
vi. An outbreak of boils on human beings/animals
vii. The plague of severe hailstorms.
viii. Darkness covered the land of Egypt for three days.
ix. Death of first born males of Egyptians.

b) Give five reasons why God sent plagues on the Egyptians. (5 marks)
i. In order to show the Egyptians that he was more powerful than their gods.
ii. To prove that Moses was his spokesman.
iii. To punish Pharaoh’s stubbornness.
iv. To show that he can use natural events to communicate.
v. Israelites came to know that God was aware of their suffering.
vi. To show that he was determined to fulfill his promises.

c) State the relevance of God’s promises to Abraham to Christians today. (7 marks)

i. Christians learn that God fulfills his promises.
ii. Christians belief that their heirs/ descendants of Abraham.
iii. God cares about the needs of his people.
iv. God protects those who he has called.
v. God is concerned with the entire human race.
vi. God was willing to bring salvation to the whole world through Abraham.
vii. The promise of God to bless the whole world is fulfilled through the coming of the
Messiah.
viii. God expects total obedience from people.
ix. They believe that the Promised Land is heaven.

3 a) Outline ways in which the Kings in Israel promoted the worship of Yahweh (7 marks)
i. Kings destroyed the altars of idol gods – Baal and Asherah.
ii. Kings set examples to the people by repenting their sins e.g. King David.

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 iii. The kings killed all the prophets of Baal e.g. Josiah
iv. They built places of worship e.g. Solomon.
v. Some kings refused to form political alliances with neighboring Kings showing that God
can be trusted.
vi. Some repaired the temple and tried to bring back the worship of true God e.g. Josiah.
vii. They tried to bring people back to the covenant way of life by asking them to repent and
renew their covenant with God.
viii. They called the whole nation to repentance.
ix. They sought advice from God’s prophets e.g. David
x. They led the people to worship the true God.
xi. They did not propagate social Injustice.

b) State six reasons why Solomon built the temple in Jerusalem. (6 marks)
i. To fulfill the promise God made to his father.
ii. To have a permanent place of worshipping God.
iii. Jerusalem was the capital city and politics and religion were inseparable.
iv. Jerusalem was a neutral place to the people of the North and those of the south therefore
it would foster unity.
v. Jerusalem was secure since it was surrounded by mountains.
vi. The ark of covenant was already in Jerusalem.
vii. The raw materials for building were easily available from Tyre.
viii. There was peace in Israel which would facilitate the building of the temple.

c) Identify lessons that modern political leaders in Kenya can learn from king Solomon- (7
marks)
i. They should have faith/ trust in God.
ii. They should promote worship of God/ support Christian projects.
iii. They should ask for wisdom from God to enable them rule.
iv. They should rule with justice/ fairness/ should not oppress their subjects.
v. They should have good diplomatic/ trading relations with other countries.
vi. They should make good use of nation’s resources/ not be extravagant.
vii. They should protect their nation’s resources.
viii. They should exercise self-control/ be leaders of integrity.

4 a) Outline seven characteristics of false prophets

i. They did not receive a divine call.
ii. They spoke falsehood.
iii. They prophesied out of their own minds/ imaginations.
iv. They prophesied what people wanted to hear/ according to circumstances.

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 v. They misled people from the covenant way of life/ promoted idolatry.
vi. They undermine the work of the true prophets.
vii. They worked for material gain/ were paid for their services.
viii. Their prophecies were not fulfilled.

b) Identify how the prophetic messages were written

i. The prophets themselves may have written the prophetic messages.
ii. The prophets may have dictated the message to the scribe to write it down.
iii. God dictated to the prophets what to be put down.
iv. The disciples of the prophets preserved their masters’ teaching as oral traditions and
passed it over to subsequent generations.
v. The disciples of the prophets treasured recollection of the prophets’ life as well as their
oracles and incorporated them in the historical books of the table.
vi. The scribes reorganized the prophets teaching according to subject matter.
vii. The collection, compiling and writing of the prophetic messages were accomplished over
a long period of time.

c) what is the relevance of Old Testament prophets to Christians today

i. Christians learn the character and will of God, which reaches its climax in Jesus Christ.
ii. Christians should honor and respect God at all times.
iii. Christians should act justly to their fellow human beings.
iv. Christians should put their complete trust in Jesus Christ as the Messiah, revealed by the
prophets.
v. Christians are in a new, personal covenant with God, through Jesus Christ.
vi. Christians are the conscience of their communities and nations, to speak against all forms
of injustices and evils.
vii. Christians are called to the service of the Lord to proclaim His word up to the end of the
world.
viii. Christians should abide by the will of God / obey His commands.
ix. Christians should call others to repentance and uphold God’s kingdom on earth.
x. Christians should help the needy in the society / does charity work.

5 a) Describe the religious background to the call of Jeremiah (religious evils)

 The people turned to worship of other gods.
 Religious hypocrisy was highly practiced.
 People offered human sacrifices abusing the sacredness of life.
 There were false prophets who preached peace when there was no.
 Divination and magic was practiced.
 They practiced religious syncretism.
 King Josiah attempted to bring religious reforms but he failed.

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  There was false security in the temple.
 People ignored the teachings of the prophets of Yahweh.

b) State seven lessons Christians learn from the call of Jeremiah

i. Christians should respond to God’s call with faith and obedience.
ii. Christians learn that God can choose anyone regardless of age.
iii. They learn that God can call someone even before one is born.
iv. They learn that when God calls them he also assures them of his protection and presence.
v. They learn that God outlines his assignment clearly to be understood by his messenger.
vi. They learn that God’s will and purpose must prevail.
vii. They learn that opposition is expected therefore they should not give up.
viii. They learn that God equips his messenger and prepare them for the task ahead.

c) Outline the obstacles that may hinder a person from accepting God’s call
i. Family commitments.
ii. Poverty/ financial constraints.
iii. The level of education.
iv. Materialism/ job commitment.
v. Poor health.
vi. Insecurity in some areas.
vii. Inability to uphold the high moral standard expected.
viii. Limitation due to age/ gender factors.
ix. Peer pressure/ discouragement from other people.
x. Fear of persecution/ rejection/ redicule.

6 a)Factors that have affected people’s reliance on God today

i. Introduction of western culture.
ii. Greed for power and materialism without the fear of God.
iii. Negative peer influence influences the members to rely on themselves other than God.
iv. Pressure of modern living makes people too busy to serve God/ Urbanization.
v. Modern/ Formal education.
vi. Money economy has made people to feel independent.
vii. Some people rely on witchcraft to solve their problems.
viii. Extreme poverty where people start doubting the existence of God.
ix. Reliance on science and technology that has brought many discoveries that make people
doubts the existence of God.
b) Ways in which the traditional African communities showed respect for the unborn child
i. The expectant mother was exempted from heavy work
ii. The expectant mothers were given special food.
iii. The expectant mother was checked occasionally by mid-wives.
iv. Herbs were administered to the expectant mother.

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 v. Conjugal rights/ sexual intercourse is not allowed during pregnancy.
vi. There should be no harmful thing around the house where mother lives.
vii. Expectant mother observes certain taboos.
viii. Expectant mother should not be treated cruelly.
ix. Prayers/ sacrifices are given for protection.
x. Expectant mothers were given special charms to wear to protect them and the un-born
child.

c) Ways in which a child is made to be responsible members in the community

i. Through observation of the activities performed by elders.
ii. They are exposed to songs/ dances.
iii. By listening to stories, myths, legends, tales, riddles and proverbs.
iv. They were involved in the rites of passage.
v. They were rewarded for good behavior and punished for bad ones.
vi. They are taught the basic rules/ norms
vii. They are told about the history of the family/ clan/ community.
viii. They worship God with other members of the family/ clan/ community.
ix. They play their roles in the society e.g. hunting, fetching water.

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PREDICTION 5

1 a) State six reasons why Christians use the bible in Worship (6 marks)
i. Christians use the bible to instruct new believers.
ii. They use it as a basic reference book in general dissemination/ search of knowledge.
iii. They use it to back their message/ teaching.
iv. They use it to derive Christian Hymns like Psalms/ Benedictus.
v. They use the bible in order to make oaths/ promise.
vi. They worship with references from the bible in order to keep boundary act out of the
word of God.
b) Identify seven ways in which the study of Christian religious education promotes
economic development (7 marks)
i. The study of Christian religious education helps to enlighten on environmental
conservation.
ii. It helps to promote unity which is vital for economic development.
iii. It helps promote virtue of sharing what you have with others.
iv. It promotes hard work thus promoting economic development.
v. It enlightens on fighting social evils like bribery and corruption which lowers economic
development.
vi. It encourages people to utilize their talents thus earn a living from them.
vii. It teaches on peace, law, order and justice, thus creating a conducive environment for
economic growth.
c) State the relationship between man and environment from Genesis 1 and 2 (7 marks)
i. Both have a common origin- they were created by God.
ii. Man is superior to environment.
iii. Man should take care of the environment.
iv. Man has authority over the rest of creation.
v. He should enjoy God’s creation.
vi. He should treat the rest of creation with respect.
vii. Man and the rest of the creation have a common destiny.
viii. Human beings and environment are independent.

2 a) Explain the meaning of the symbolic objects and acts used by the Hebrews on the night
of exodus. (8 marks)
 Moses was instructed by God to tell the Israelite elders to prepare for a sacrifice in
readiness for divine liberation from slavery.
 Each family was to participate in the sacrifice as a way of identification with the Hebrew
community.
 Each family was to select a young lamb without blemish to significance the
purity/innocence of the sacrifice.

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  Each lamb was to be slaughtered and its meat roasted as roasting was the quickest way of
cooking since the Israelites were in a hurry.
 Everything was to be eaten up as a way of leaving no mark in Egypt, a country of slavery.
 The Israelites were to prepare unleavened bread to signify the lack of time/the purity of
the bread.
 The Israelites were to eat bitter herbs as a symbol of their suffering in Egypt.
 The blood of the sacrificial animal was to be smeared on the door posts of the Hebrews to
save them from the angel of death.
 Everyone was to remain indoors until morning so as to be protected from death/to
strengthen one another.
 The Passover sacrifices were to be commemorated yearly and its reasons taught to the
next generations so as for them to know their history/remember how God saved them.
 The Israelite women were to ask for jewelry, silver and clothing from the Egyptians as a
compensation for the free labour they offered as slaves.
 The angel of death killed all the first borns of the Egyptians and passed over the houses
of the Hebrews to spare the Israelite first born so as to be dedicated to God.
 Moses was allowed by Pharaoh to lead the Israelites out of Egypt to signify that Moses
was God’s appointed leader of Exodus.

b) what are the attributes of God from the Jewish Passover? (6 marks)
i. God is caring/ merciful- he delivered Israelites from suffering.
ii. God is faithful- he fulfilled his promises.
iii. God is omnipotent/ powerful- Egyptians gods could not save the Egyptians from the
plagues.
iv. God answers prayers- he responded to the cries of Israelites.
v. God is omniscient/ all knowing- he was aware of what was going on between the
Israelites and Egyptians.
vi. God is just- he punished Egyptians for oppressing Israelites.
vii. God is omnipresent- he was aware of the suffering of the Israelites.
viii. God saves those he loves- he saved Israelites.

c) Ways in which Christians identify themselves in the society in Kenya today

i. By carrying/ wearing cross/ rosary/ the flag/ badges/ rings.
ii. Through speaking in tongues/ faith healing/ performing miracles.
iii. Wearing specific designs of clothes.
iv. Some have special ways of greetings/ salutations.
v. Use of specific church designs/ building churches.
vi. Through making personal testimonies/ pronouncements.
vii. Observing specific days of worship.
viii. Some abstain from eating some kinds of food/ drinks
ix. Owning specific bible versions.
x. Use of different titles/ names.
xi. Through ways in which they worship/ prayers/ doctrines/ sacrament.

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 xii. By residing in secluded homes/ houses.
xiii. Preaching the word of God.
xiv. Through singing of hymns.

3 a) Outline seven activities in the life of David which shows he had faith in God (6 marks)
i. He killed Goliath using a stone and a sling.
ii. He accepted to be anointed by Samuel to be king after Saul.
iii. He repented after he had killed Uriah.
iv. He consulted God’s prophets before he did anything.
v. He wanted to build temple for God.
vi. He brought the ark of covenant to Jerusalem making it a religious centre.
vii. He obeyed God’s instructions through prophet Nathan.
viii. He attributed God’s punishment for his sins.
ix. He made sacrifices to God.
x. He advised his son Solomon to obey God laws/ commands in order to succeed as king.
xi. When Saul wanted to kill him he asked God for protection.
xii. He fasted/ prayed/ he called himself a servant of God.
xiii. He attributed his success to God/ composed psalms/ made praises to God.

b) Identify five ways in which king Solomon fulfilled the prophecies of Samuel (5 marks)
i. He introduced forced labour.
ii. He imposed forced and high taxation to the Israelites.
iii. He took sons of Israelites to his army by force.
iv. He forced Israelites daughters to be his maids in his royal houses.
v. He turned the Israelites to slaves as they worked forcefully without pay.
vi. He mistreated his subjects by exploiting their resources e.g. selling of part of land.

c) State the reasons why Christians should build churches (7 marks)

i. In order to have a place for worship.
ii. Churches signify God’s presence.
iii. To have a place where members can meet.
iv. They are places where members receive preaching/ religious instructions.
v. As a sign of prestige/ identification/ recognition.
vi. In order to demonstrate their faith in the existence of God.
vii. In order to follow the traditions of the Old Testament; the temple as a house of God.
viii. A church can be used as a place of refuge in times of calamity.
ix. As a sign of numerical growth.
x. Religious functions/ festivals take place there.

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4 a) State seven roles of prophets in the Old Testament (what to do) KCSE 2006
i. Prophets spoke on behalf of God/ God’s messengers/ mouth pieces.
ii. They foretold the future events.
iii. They guided/counseled the kings.
iv. They called people back to repentance /gave message of hope.
v. They reminded the people about the covenant
vi. They condemned the evil in the society.
vii. They warned the people of God’s judgment.
viii. They made the people understand the nature of God.
ix. They offered sacrifices to God.
x. They anointed Kings.
xi. They interpreted the visions /dreams from God/current events.

b) Outline the reasons why prophets Amos condemned idolatry in Israel

i. Idolatry was against God’s command.
ii. It showed lack of knowledge of the true god of Israel.
iii. It was an act of rebellion.
iv. Idols were powerless/ they could not save them.
v. Idolatry was an indication that that the Israelites had abandoned the true/ first love.
vi. Idolatry was like pursuing vanity /useless
vii. Idols were made by human beings.
viii. Worshipping of idols made the Israelites lose their identity as the chosen people of God.

c) State the relevance of Amos teachings on social justice and responsibility to Christians
today
i. Christians should be just in dealing with one another.
ii. They should condemn corruption and uphold justice
iii. They should not pursue luxuries and self-indulgence when others are lacking basic needs.
iv. They should be ready at any time when called to do God’s work.
v. Should not involve themselves in activities that are harmful to their faith.
vi. They are called to practice what they preach.
vii. They learn that God will punish and reward all those who disobey him.
viii. They should prepare for judgment day by being obedient to God’s word.
ix. They should bear in mind that every evil committed will be punished by God.

5 a) Describe Jeremiah’s conflict with Hananiah the false prophet

i. Hanaiah challenged Jeremiah in the temple before priests.
ii. He denied that God was going to bring back all temple treasures from Babylon.
iii. He also claimed that God would bring back those sent to exile including Jeconiah.
iv. He claimed that God would break down the power of Babylon.

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 v. Jeremiah dismisses him as a false prophet who prophesies peace when there is no peace.
vi. Hananiah took Jeremiah’s wooden ox-yoke and broke it to signify end of colonization.
vii. Jeremiah waited upon God’s word after which he condemned Hananiah and predicted his
death which eventually occurred.

b) Give seven reasons why prophet Jeremiah condemned idolatry in Judah

i. Idolatry was against God’s command.
ii. It showed lack of knowledge of the true god of Israel.
iii. It was an act of rebellion.
iv. Idols were powerless/ they could not save them.
v. Idolatry was an indication that that the Israelites had abandoned the true/ first love.
vi. Idolatry was like pursuing vanity /useless
vii. Idols were made by human beings.
viii. Worshipping of idols made the Israelites lose their identity as the chosen people of God.

c) Identify the ways in which Christians can show concern when there is political
disagreement.
i. Preaching unity/peace for all Kenyans.
ii. By praying for peace to prevail.
iii. Giving material support to the affected e.g. IDPS/refugees.
iv. Offering guidance and counseling services to the affected.
v. Serving as mediators /intermediaries in political conflicts.
vi. Condemning those who participate in causing chaos.
vii. By not participating in the destruction of life/property.

6 a) African traditional practices which demonstrate people’s belief in God

i. By praying to God.
ii. By offering sacrifices and giving offerings.
iii. By singing and dancing to God.
iv. By naming children names of God.
v. By visiting holy /sacred places.
vi. By invoking the name of God in times of problems.
vii. By caring for God’s creation.
viii. By consulting priests /prophets about God’s will.
ix. By taking oath in the name of God.
x. By pronouncing blessing in the name of God.
xi. By building shrines for God’s worship.

b) The significance of worship in traditional African communities

i. To recognize supremacy of God.
ii. To appreciate blessings of God.

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 iii. To request for God’s favour.
iv. To maintain harmony in whole creation.
v. Worship creates a feeling of fellowship as worshippers converge.
vi. Worship helps mark important events or occasions.
vii. Promote acquisition of moral values.
viii. Help maintain good relationship with ancestors.

c) Occasions when prayers were conducted in Traditional African societies

i. Daily at sunrise and at dusk.
ii. During the breaking of virgin land for cultivation
iii. At beginning of planting season.
iv. When there was a disaster or calamity such as drought/ epidemics/ persistent disease.
v. During rites of passage like birth/ naming.
vi. When preparing warriors for war.
vii. When breaking a curse.
viii. Before setting off on a long journey.
ix. During installation of a leader.
x. After abundant harvest/ in thanksgiving.

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PREDICTION 6
1 a) Identify five books that are reffered to as Torah (5 marks)
i. Book of Genesis.
ii. Book of Exodus.
iii. Book of Leviticus.
iv. Book of Numbers.
v. Book of Deuteronomy.

b) Describe the first account of creation in Gen 1:1-2:49 (7 marks)

i. In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. The earth was formless and void
and darkness was upon it.
ii. God said, let there be light and there was light and he separated light from the darkness.
Light he called day and darkness night. That was the first day.
iii. The second day God said let there be sky and God separated the water. God called the
sky heaven.
iv. The third day God said, let there be waters under the heavens and God put the water in
one place and the dry land appeared. The dry he called earth and waters seas. God also
said let vegetation grow and there were plants, fruit trees.
v. On the fourth day God said let there be light on the sky that separates day from the night.
God made sun and the moon. God also created stars.
vi. The fifth day God said that let the waters bring forth swarms of living creatures and let
birds fly above the earth across the firmament of heavens. So God created sea creatures
and birds of the air. God blessed them and told them to multiply.
vii. On the sixth day God said that let the earth bring living creatures cattle and creeping
creatures. God then said let us make man in our own image. He created male and female
and God blessed and told them to;
a. Multiply and fill the earth.
b. Have dominion over all creatures
c. Eat that God has created plants and animals.
d. Subdue the earth.
viii. God saw that everything that he made was good.
ix. On the seventh day God rested from his work. He blessed the day and hallowed it.

c) What are causes of evil in Kenya today (8 marks)

i. Poverty/ affluence
ii. Disobedience/ rebellion.
iii. Corruption/ greed/ selfishness.
iv. Negative influence from the media/ foreign culture/ modern technology.
v. Unemployment
vi. Permissiveness in the society

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 vii. Wrong choices/ lack of vision/ peer pressure
viii. Inability to forgive others
ix. Poor role models/ poor leadership
x. Lack of guidance and counselling.
xi. Influence of drugs and substance abuse.

2 a) Outline the promises made to Abraham by God during the making of the covenant in
Gen. 15: 1 – 20) (7 marks)
i. He would be given a son/ heir.
ii. God would make his name great/ famous.
iii. He would bless those who bless him/ curse those who curse him/ protect him.
iv. All the families of the world would be blessed through Abraham.
v. He would be given many descendants.
vi. God will bless Abraham.
vii. Kings will come from his lineage.
viii. God would give Abraham long life/ he would die in peace.
ix. God would give Abraham’s descendants the land of Canaan

b) Identify six problems that Abraham encountered in his life (6 marks)

i. Childlessness for a very long time.
ii. Departure from familiar Haran to unknown Canaan.
iii. Long journey through harsh climate.
iv. Doubts as to whether God would still fulfill the promises he made with him.
v. Threat of the Egyptian wanting to take his wife Sarah.
vi. Harsh climate in Canaan which forced him to migrate to Egypt.
vii. Temptation to sacrifice his only son Isaac.

c) State reasons why church leaders make vows before starting their mission (7 marks)
i. To receive God’s blessing/ guidance.
ii. To get acknowledgement from the people being served
iii. It reminds the leader to stick to the church regulations/ mission.
iv. To get authority of God to lead.
v. It gives the leader courage/ confidence to do his/ her work.
vi. It shows one’s willingness/ commitment to serve/ acceptance.
vii. To emulate the biblical way of commissioning servants of God.

3 a) Outline seven duties performed by Prophet Samuel. (7 marks)

i. Prophet Samuel anointed King Saul and David.
ii. He acted as a judge.
iii. He foretold future happenings.

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 iv. He reminded people on the covenant way of life.
v. He condemned social injustices in the society.
vi. He performed priestly duties in the house of the Lord.
vii. He led Israelites to war against their enemies.
viii. He preached monotheism.
ix. He corrected kings e.g. King Saul.
x. He took care of the tabernacle tent and covenant book of God.

b) Identify the promises that God made to David through Prophet Nathan. (7 marks)
i. God would give Israel peace during his reign.
ii. He would keep David and his descendants safe from all his enemies.
iii. He would give David’s descendants land to settle in.
iv. He would be an heir from the line of David who would establish an everlasting Kingdom.
v. David’s son would succeed him on the throne on a King.
vi. He would make David’s name great/famous among all nations.
vii. God would establish a father-son relationship with David and his descendants.
viii. David son would build a temple for God.
ix. God would always support him.

c) Give six lessons that Christians can learn from failures of King Saul (6 marks)
i. Christians should obey God’s commandments.
ii. They should have faith in God in order to please him.
iii. Christians should be patient/ wait upon God.
iv. Christians should not be greedy/ selfish.
v. Christians should avoid evil thoughts in their lives.
vi. They should respect people anointed to do the will of God/ church leaders.
vii. They should be responsible/ true to their duties.
viii. They should repent and ask for forgiveness.
ix. They should trust in the saving power of God alone.

4 a) identify reasons why prophet Amos was against the way the Israelites worshipped
God/ religious evils
i. There was insincere worship/ they had no inner faith.
ii. Worshippers were not righteous.
iii. The practiced empty sacrifices which did not reflect holy lives.
iv. They made idols/ worshipped idols.
v. They build many high places of worship for idols.
vi. They practiced temple prostitution.
vii. They practiced syncretism (worshipped God as well as Baal)
viii. They defiled the temple as the place of worship by feasting and drinking

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 ix. They gave sacrifices as a show off not for the love of God.
x. They were impatient during worship on Sabbath.

b) State seven teachings of prophet Amos about the day of the Lord
i. It will be a day of terror and disaster.
ii. God will punish the Israelites for their disobedience/ he will remember their evil deeds/
God’s judgment will be upon them.
iii. The earth shall tremble/ there will be earthquake/ floods.
iv. There will be mourning/ wailing on the day of the Lord.
v. The day of the Lord would be full of darkness/ no light/ eclipse.
vi. People will not delight in their feasts and festivals.
vii. The day of the Lord will be a day of disappointment to the rich/ rulers.
viii. Israelites would be defeated by their enemies on the day of the Lord
ix. People will thirst/ hunger for the word of God.
x. It will be day of disappointment for the Israelites/ no happiness/ joy.
xi. People will faint in the process of searching for the word of God.

c) Outline seven ways Christians prepare for the day of the Lord
i. Avoiding sins.
ii. Living under guidance of the Holy Spirit.
iii. Repenting/ confessing sins.
iv. Doing charitable work.
v. Leading prayerful lives.
vi. Patiently looking for signs of end times.
vii. Giving hope to others by preaching the good news to them.
viii. Forgiving others.
ix. Obeying God’s commands.
x. Living in unity.
xi. Enduring suffering/ temptations.
xii. Reading the scriptures.

5 a) Identify the difficulties Israel faced in observing their religion while in exile
i. There was neither temple nor Synagogue for worship.
ii. Many did not believe that Yahweh still cared for them.
iii. They could not offer sacrifice because there was no temple.
iv. They could not observe all religion practice because they felt that Babylon was unclean
land.
v. They were mocked by the enemies to sing for them songs of Zion.
vi. They lost hope because their temple and city had been destroyed.

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vii. The victory of Babylonians made them feel as if their gods were more powerful than
Yahweh.

b) Outline seven ways in which God was to restore the Israelites after exile
i. The Davidic Kingdom would be restored.
ii. The people of the restored kingdom would enjoy the fruits of their labour.
iii. Harvests would be abundant as the land would once again be productive.
iv. They would have great harvest and plenty of grapes for wine.
v. They would recover their homeland and rebuild their cities.
vi. They would live forever and never again be plucked up out of land which God had given
them.
vii. God would again be their God and they would be His people.
viii. All nations would recognize the supremacy of God.

c) Give seven reasons why Christians should repent their sins

i. To be good example.
ii. God demands moral uprightness.
iii. In order to escape Gods anger and punishment.
iv. It is obedience to Christ’s teachings.
v. So as to lead holy lives.
vi. To be able to prepare for the kingdom of God.
vii. In order to receive God’s blessings.
viii. To renew their relationship with God.

6 a) Outline the importance of kinship system in Traditional African communities

i. It provides a sense of security to all members at all times.
ii. It promotes a sense of belonging/ security/ identity.
iii. It helps to maintain law and order in the community.
iv. It helps in preserving the traditional customs through formal education.
v. It unites members of the same clan/ community.
vi. Enables people to share/ help one another.
vii. Kinship prepares the youth for the leadership roles.
viii. It helps in settling disputes in the community.
ix. It governs the relationship between the living and the dead among the living.
x. It defines duties/ responsibilities of members of the clan/ family.
xi. It defines the punishment/ reward in the community.
xii. It regulates marriage relationship in the community.

b) Identify seven factors that promote harmony and mutual responsibility in Kenya today.
i. The worship of God/ supreme being.
ii. Sharing material things with the poor.

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 iii. Conserving national resources/ land/ environment/ water/ minerals.
iv. Belief in a common ancestry/ origin.
v. Adopting a positive attitude towards work/ communal work.
vi. Promotion of a common language for easy/ effective communication.
vii. Respecting other people’s culture.
viii. Developing and practicing compatible leisure activities.
ix. Obeying the laws of the country.
x. Shunning practices that are not compatible with Christian values.
xi. Sharing respect for leaders/ elders.

c) Reasons why land disputes were rare in traditional African communities

i. There were clear guidelines on the use of the land.
ii. Elders ensured that enough land was assigned to an individual.
iii. Elders disciplined the greedy members in the community.
iv. Those without land were assisted to acquire by the elders.
v. The will of parents in property ownership was respected.
vi. People were hesitant to acquire land unlawfully for fear of curses.
vii. Elders were fair on land allocation.
viii. There were clear guidelines on land ownership.

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PREDICTION 7
1 a) Outline the activities performed by God in the second account of creation. (7 marks)
i. God created heaven and earth.
ii. He molded man from soil and gave him a breath of life.
iii. He planted the Garden of Eden.
iv. God planted all types of trees.
v. He created all types of animals and gave them to man to name them.
vi. He made Adam to go into deep sleep.
vii. He created woman from man’s rib.
viii. He brought the woman to man.
ix. He commanded man to eat from all trees except from the tree in the middle of the
Garden.

b) Identify seven similarities between the first and the second account of creation (7 marks)
i. In both God is the sole creator.
ii. In both there is a sense of order.
iii. In both God is the source of life.
iv. In both God created male and female/ human sexuality.
v. In both man and woman were given responsibility/ have authority over God’s creation.
vi. In both human beings are special/ share in God’s image/ superior.
vii. In both stories all created things depend on God for sustenance/ he is the provider.
viii. In both God is self-existence/ existed before creation.

c) State six lessons Christians learn about work from the Genesis stories of creation (6
marks)
i. Christians learn that work is ordained by God.
ii. Work is a way of continuing God’s activities of creation.
iii. Work was introduced to man as punishment for their sin at the Garden of Eden.
iv. Christians learn to work to contribute to the development of the community.
v. Christians learn that one has to work to provide for his/ her family needs/ be self-reliant.
vi. Work makes human beings complete achievements, self-realization and self-fulfillment.
vii. They learn that work is to be done for six days and rest on the seventh day, as God did
not create.
viii. Christians learn that work keeps them away from idle life which may lead to sin
ix. Christians learn that they should obey God’s command of subduing and conquering the
earth and becoming co- workers.

2 a) Describe the call of Abraham (7 marks)

 God commanded Abraham to leave his country Haran/ his kindred/ his father’s house to
the land that he would show him.

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  God promised Abraham that he would make him a great nation/ bless him/ make his
name great/ source of blessing.
 Abraham left the land of Haran as God had instructed him/ obeyed
 Abraham was seventy-five years old when he was called.
 He took with him Sarai his wife, Lot his brother’s son and all their possessions and set
forth to the land of Canaan.
 They passed through Canaan to the place of Shechem/ Oak of Moreh.
 God appeared to Abraham in the land of Canaan/ promised to give the land of Canaan to
his descendants. (Not to Abraham)
 At Shechem, Abram built an altar to the Lord who had appeared to him.
 He moved to the mountain on the east of Bethel/ pitched his tent/ build an altar for the
Lord/ called the name of the Lord.

b) Outline six relevance of the call of Abraham to modern Christians. (6 marks)

i. Christians should be obedient like Abraham.
ii. Christians should demonstrate their faith.
iii. Christians should be ready for God’s call.
iv. Christians learn there is no age limit in receiving God’s call.
v. Christians should accept God’s command to do God’s will regardless of the difficulties
they face.
vi. Christians should sacrifice what is precious to them like Abraham.
vii. Christians should be ready to risk their lives just as Abraham did for the sake of God.

c) State seven importance of the modern day covenant (7 marks)

i. It promotes peace among people.
ii. It unites people.
iii. It enables people to develop trust in relationship.
iv. It ensures commitment.
v. Some covenants like trade agreements help country to grow economically.
vi. It promotes understanding in the society.
vii. It makes people overcome challenges together.
viii. It reminds office bearer to uphold loyalty in their services.
ix. It helps the society to be organized.
x. It encourages people to have right relationship with God.

3 a) State seven reasons why Samuel was opposed to Kingship in Israel (7 marks)
i. Samuel was opposed to Kingship because their demand was seen as a rejection of God as
their unseen King/ leader.
ii. The king would force the Israelite’s sons to the army.
iii. The king would introduce forced labour in Israel.
iv. The king would grab their land/ other property.

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 v. The king would make them slaves.
vi. The king would impose heavy taxation to maintain the army.
vii. They would lose their identity as a covenant people/ be like other nations that do not know
God.
viii. God would reject them as his people/ would not hear their pleas when they call.
ix. The king would take their daughters forcefully as perfumers/bakers/ cooks in the palace.

b) Outline how Prophet Samuel promoted the worship of Yahweh in Israel (6 marks)
i. Prophet Samuel prayed/ interceded for the people.
ii. He mediated between God and the Israelites.
iii. He performed priestly duties/ made sacrifices.
iv. He condemned King Saul for disobeying God.
v. He warned the elders of Israel against demanding for a political king.
vi. He anointed kings over Israel.
vii. He obeyed God’s command/instructions.

c) State seven ways in which a church leader can respond to those who oppose them in their
work (7 marks)
i. They should find out the reason why they are opposed.
ii. They should pray for those who oppose them.
iii. They should continue to preach the gospel.
iv. They should make rules that promote development and growth of the church.
v. They should call upon those who oppose the gospel to repent and seek forgiveness from
God.
vi. They should forgive those who oppose them in their work.
vii. They should seek reconciliation through a third party.
viii. They should not fight back against their enemies.

4 a) Outline ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the time of Amos. (8 marks)
i. The rich took people’s garments in pledges.
ii. The poor were sold for a piece of silver/ pair of sandals.
iii. The poor were paid unfair wage/ underpaid for the labour provided to the rich.
iv. The rich grabbed land/ grain/ food belonging to the poor.
v. The merchants used false/ faulty weighing scales.
vi. The rich sold goods which were unfit for human consumption.
vii. The poor were charged high interest rates for the banked money.
viii. The poor were denied justice in law courts due to bribing of judges by the rich/ the cases
for the poor were thrown out of the courts.
ix. The poor were sold into slavery when they were unable to pay their debts.

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 x. The rich failed to return the garments taken as pledge/ they used the garments as
beddings in the temple.
xi. Wives of the rich pressed their husbands to exploit the poor to meet their luxurious
lifestyles.

b) State five natural calamities described by Amos that would befall Israelites due to their
failure to obey God’s command (Amos 4:6-13) (5 marks)
i. drought
ii. Locusts
iii. Famine
iv. War
v. Severe earthquake

c) Identify seven reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in the society
today. (7 marks)
i. There are too many needy cases
ii. Many Christians lack what to share.
iii. It is difficult to identify the genuinely needy cases.
iv. Tribal/ ethnic feelings may hinder one from giving assistance to the needy.
v. Denominational differences where some Christians are not ready to share with those who
do not belong to their group.
vi. Poor communication/ infrastructure in some parts that makes it impossible to reach the
needy.
vii. Misappropriation of resources meant for assisting the needy discourage Christians from
contributing.
viii. Political leaning/ affiliations influence Christians against helping those who do not
belong to their camp.
ix. Indifferences of some Christians to the plight of the needy.

5 a) identify seven promises the Israelites made before Ezra and Nehemiah during the
renewal of the covenant (Nehemiah 10:28-29)
i. To obey all the commandments and requirements in accordance with the law.
ii. They would not intermarry with foreigners living in their land.
iii. They promised not to farm every 7th year/ to cancel all debts the 7th year.
iv. They promised to make annual contribution towards temple expenses and not to neglect
the house of God.
v. They promised to provide wood for burnt sacrifices.
vi. To offer the first fruit of their harvest/ to dedicate their first born sons and also dedicate
their flock as required by the law.
vii. They would pay their tithes in accordance with the Law of Moses.

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viii. They would not carry out business in the Sabbath.

b) State the importance of the wall of Jerusalem to the Israelites

i. It brought unity.
ii. It provided security.
iii. It provided privacy.
iv. It was a source of pride.
v. It was a sign of independence.
vi. It was a sign of ownership.
vii. It isolated them from foreigners.

c) Iedtify the lessons Christians learn from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemiah
i. Christian should read the word of God regularly.
ii. Christians should respect the church as a place of prayer.
iii. Christian should teach others the word of God.
iv. Christian should respect the day of worship
v. Christian should exercise humility.
vi. Christians should share with the needy.
vii. Christian should avoid groups that affect their faith in God negatively.
viii. Christian should be prayerful.
ix. Christian should lead righteous life/ be obedient.
x. Christians should ask for their sins to be forgiven.

6 a) Reasons why newly initiates live together

i. To receive common teachings.
ii. To monitor their healing.
iii. To facilitate proper feeding.
iv. To undergo certain rituals together.
v. To cement their relationship as an age group.
vi. To give them an opportunity to socialize.
vii. It made it easier to provide them with guidance and counseling.
viii. To keep them away from members of the opposite sex.
ix. To teach them to be independent from their mother.

b) Practices that guarded an individual against any form of discrimination in traditional

African communities
i. Communal work.
ii. Division of labour.
iii. Common religious beliefs.
iv. Fear of curses.
v. Communal sense of living.

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 vi. Sense of communal ownership of property.
vii. Common customs (norms) and taboos.
viii. Sense of communal sharing.
ix. Fear of punishment from God (spirits) or ancestors.
x. Age-set systems ensured protection for all.

c) Ways in which western civilization has affected African worship

i. People no longer worship under the trees but in church buildings.
ii. The African practice of sacrifice has been abolished.
iii. The African religious belief in the ancestral spirits as their mediator has been replaced by
the belief in the Christian saints.
iv. The pouring of libation has been replaced by the offerings in the church.
v. The African religious objects like calabashes, stones and feathers have been replaced by
the bible.
vi. The African religious specialists have been replaced by clergy like priests and pastors.
vii. The African belief in one God has been replaced by one God in three (trinity).
viii. Prayers are now offered directly to God instead of using the ancestors and the spirits as
mediators.

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PREDICTION 8
1 a) Outline five provisions given to man by God in the creation stories (5 marks)
i. The human beings were given the Garden of Eden.
ii. God gave them the gift of life.
iii. They were given the power to create.
iv. They were given authority over the rest of creation.
v. They were given water from the four rivers.
vi. They were given all types of food- plants.

b) Identify the reasons why man is considered to be the climax of God’s creation. (7marks)
i. Man was created in the image and likeness of God.
ii. God gave him his own breath.
iii. Man had fellowship with God.
iv. Human beings are given authority to manage god’s creation.
v. He commanded human beings to multiply.
vi. He gave man responsibility to name the rest of the animals.
vii. Man was created last after everything else had been created for his use.
viii. Man was given a helper.
ix. God molded man himself from the dust.
x. He was given the power to think and make decisions.

c) State eight teachings about marriages from Genesis stories of creation (8 marks)
i. Marriage is monogamous.
ii. Marriage is between man and woman.
iii. It is a permanent union/ no divorce/ covenant.
iv. Marriage is for procreation.
v. Marriage is for companionship.
vi. Marriage is for love.
vii. Husband and wife should not be ashamed of each other.
viii. Man and woman are to complement/ help each other.
ix. It is ordained by God/ sacred/ holy.
x. Marriage is for continuation of god’s work of creation.

2 a) Describe how God prepared the Israelites for the making of the covenant at Mount
Sinai according to Exodus 19. (8 marks)
 God told Moses to remind the people of Israel of how he had brought them out of Egypt.
 God told Moses that he wanted to make a special relationship with Israel/make them a
kingdom of priests.
 Moses called the elders of Israelites and told them what God had said.
 God told Moses that he wanted the Israelites to obey him.
 The Israelites promised to do all that the Lord had said.

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  God promised to come down and meet with the people on the third day.
 The people were instructed to consecrate themselves/wash their garments.
 Moses set boundaries for the people not to go up the mountain/touch the border of it.
 The people were to abstain from sexual relationships.
 On the third day, there was a thick cloud upon the mountain/loud trumpet blast on
earthquake.
 Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God.
 They took their stand at the foot of the mountain.
 The Lord came down to the top of the mountain and called Moses to go up to him.

b) Outline the role of Moses in the history of Israelites. (6 marks)

i. He liberated and delivered Israelites from Egyptian bondage.
ii. He received God’s call to liberate Israelites.
iii. He contended with Pharaoh to liberate the Israelites.
iv. He led Israelites through the wilderness during the Exodus.
v. He sought God for providence for Israelites e.g. water and manna.
vi. He mediated between God and the Israelites through the entire period of exodus.
vii. Through God’s guidance he protected them against hostile desert tribes e.g. Amalekites.
viii. He led the Israelites into making a covenant with God.
ix. He was given the 10 commandments to guide the Israelites to live according to the
covenant.
x. He punished the Israelites who broke the covenant and worshipped the golden calf.
xi. He interceded on behalf of Israelites for God to forgive them.
xii. He made Israelites to enter into the renewal of covenant with God.

c) List six values that Christians learn from the 10 commandments. (6 marks)
i. Faith/ trust
ii. Love
iii. Self-control
iv. Respect
v. Obedience
vi. Commitment
vii. Chastity/ faithfulness
viii. Honesty
ix. contentment

3 a) Identify the conditions that made it difficult for Elijah found it difficult to stop idolatry
in Israel (7 marks)
i. King Ahab was married to a Phoenician princess who brought with her the worship of
foreign gods and goddesses.
ii. Existence of false prophets who gave false promises to the Israelites.
iii. Jezebel had persecuted the true prophets of God.
iv. King Ahab had allowed the building of temples for the worship of gods and goddesses.
v. The prophets of God were persecuted and harassed and their lives were threatened.
vi. The Canaanite religion had a strong influence on the Israelites.

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 vii. King Ahab himself participated in idol worship.
viii. The idol gods could be seen or touched making them appear more real.

b) State six reasons why Elijah was uncompromising in his attitude to the worship of Baal
(6 marks)
i. He believed that only Yahweh was the Israelite God.
ii. By worshipping Baal, people had broken the covenant law.
iii. The worship of Baal led to the killing of Yahweh’s prophets.
iv. Elijah had strong faith in God.
v. By condemning Baal worship, Elijah knew that he could put away the foreign ideology
that Ahab was trying to bring into Israel.
vi. As the people worshipped Baal they failed to recognize Yahweh as God and the Lord of
everything.
vii. Elijah believed that the people might turn to the covenant of faith.
viii. Being a prophet, Elijah was against Baalism because his vocation was to turn people back
to the covenant way.

c) Identify ways in which Christians can promote worship of God in Kenya today. (7
marks)
i. Christians can promote worship of God by praying to God.
ii. By advising others to obey God.
iii. By preaching the word to others.
iv. By condemning social evils/ injustices in the society.
v. By participating in making laws that promote worship of God/freedom of worship n
society.
vi. By respecting/obeying God’s commandments.
vii. By respecting each other as leaders today.
viii. By repenting their sins and asking for God’s forgiveness.
ix. By using their resources to promote Yahweh worship e.g. build churches; supporting
other clergy.
x. Uniting Christian literature and distributing it to others free of charge/media.
xi. Promote peaceful co-existence that allows for harmonious preaching of the gospel.

4 a) Explain four visions of prophet Amos (8marks)

i. Vision of the great swarm of locusts (Amos 7:1-3) –Amos saw God sending a great
swarm of locusts which was about to destroy all plants on the land because the people
had sinned. Amos intervened and God forgave them.
ii. Vision of the super natural fire (Amos 7:4-6) – Amos saw fire that had already burned
up the water and was about to consume the earth. Israel was about to be destroyed by
God with fire. Amos intervened and God withheld the punishment.

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 iii. Vision of a crooked wall being measured using a plumb line (Amos 7:7-9) – Amos
saw God standing with a plumb line in his hands by a wall. The wall was crooked and
God was going to punish the people of Israel. Prophet Amos did not plead for the people
hence God was not going to forgive the Israelites. This time he would destroy the places
of worship/ dynasty of Jeroboam.
iv. Vision of a basket of summer fruits (Amos 8:1-3). He saw a basket of ripe fruits at the
end of fruit harvest. It showed that the time for Israelites to be punished was ripe.
v. Vision of the destruction of the altar (Amos 9:1-4) – He saw God standing by the altar
ordering the pillars of the temple to be struck. This showed that the wicked people will be
killed / destroyed/ no one would escape death.

b) Identify seven ways through which the Old Testament prophets communicated their
messages to the people (7 marks)
i. Old Testament prophets communicated their messages through sermons e.g. Jeremiah
ii. Through contests e.g. Elijah
iii. Through parables e.g. Nathan
iv. Through symbolic acts e.g. Jeremiah, Hosea
v. Through songs/poems e.g. Isaiah
vi. Through writing down prophetic messages e.g. Daniel
vii. Through their personal life e.g. Jeremiah
viii. Through lamentations. e.g. Jeremiah
ix. Through letters e.g. Jeremiah
x. They gave it in prose/ narratives
xi. By performing miracles
xii. By brief, rhythmic utterances which were used to communicate to God.

c) Relevance of the remnant and restoration to Christians today. (5 marks)

i. Christians as the remnants of God today should Endeavour to do what is right before God
and avoid negative Influences.
ii. Christians learn that God is merciful and forgives those who repent.
iii. Christians are encouraged because the righteous people will receive eternal life.
iv. The teaching on the remnants gives Christians hope that only unrepentant sinners will
perish but the righteous will be rewarded with eternal life by God.
v. God always preserves a faithful remnant through whom he fulfils his promises to human
kind.
vi. Christians are the remnants through whom God fulfils his purposes.

5 a) Describe the religious reforms made by governor Nehemiah

i. He governed the people and told Ezra to read for the people the laws of God to be source
of life and strength in them.

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 ii. Feasts of shelters were organized to enable the people to internalize and understand the
laws further.
iii. He organized a covenant renewal ceremony in which the Jews had to confess their sins to
God.
iv. In the temple he expelled Tobias, placed Levites as priests and reorganized its stores.
v. He assured that the Sabbbath day was observed by keeping off merchants and employing
the guards at temple gates.
vi. He reformed the tithing system to ensure that the resources were available and equitably
distributed.
vii. He expelled Eliashib the priest who had married a foreign wife; Sanballat’s daughter.
viii. He organized the dedication of the Jerusalem wall to God as he thanked God for his good
deeds.
ix. He set conditions that the Jews were to follow in order to become the true Israel based on
the covenant way of life.

b) Explain six leadership qualities of governor Nehemiah

 Prayerful- he consulted God before making any decision.
 Courageous as he withstood the threats to his life and opposition by enemies.
 Hardworking/ dedication- he completed the building project in 52 days/ he never gave up
despite many challenges.
 Trusted in God-this was portrayed when he prayed to God’s guidance in all situations.
 He was committed- he devoted his time in the building of the wall.
 Patriotism- he came back to his home country to develop it/ he identified with the people
of Judah in their great distress.
 He was selfless- he gave his property to the poor.
 Wisdom- he discerned the tricks of his enemies and acted appropriately.
 Team builder-he mobilized the builders and inspired them to work hard.
 Compassionate/ mindfulness- he listened to the complaints of the poor/ contributed to the
needs of the poor.
 Reformist- he improved the lives of the poor/ he carried out temple reforms.

c) state the relevance of Nehemiah’s leadership to Christians today

i. Christians should trust God and seek his guidance in all their needs.
ii. Nehemiah was prayerful so Christians should pray for one another and for the nation.
iii. Christians should be courageous and be ready to fight and defend the gospel of Christ.
iv. Christians should work hard with commitment when performing their responsibilities.
v. Christians should set their goals and organize their activities.
vi. Christians should care for the needy as Nehemiah did.
vii. Christians should fight for the rights of the helpless groups.
viii. Christians should be diplomatic when dealing with their subjects
ix. Christians should show patriotism for their country.

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 x. Christians should lead exemplary lives and inspire others to work for God.

6 a) Identify six changes in traditional concept of the community

i. The dead are not part of the community.
ii. It comprises of several tribes, races not one tribe.
iii. The members of the community no longer live in the same geographical area/ region.
iv. Political structure is controlled by modern systems of government e.g. democracy.
v. Economically the community depends in employment and has led to social classes.
vi. Socially informal education has been overtaken by formal systems of education

b) state different ways in which prayers were offered in traditional African communities
i. When kneeling.
ii. Standing facing certain directions e.g. mountains
iii. When raising hands.
iv. When prostrating.
v. When standing.
vi. When bowing.

c) explain how Western culture has affected traditional African communities (8 marks)
i. Introduction of formal education has led to decline of traditional African values.
ii. The role of elders has been taken over by the government leaders as chiefs.
iii. People prefer modern medicine as opposed to traditional herbs.
iv. Urbanization has led to breakdown of traditional African social units.
v. Christianity and other foreign religions have replaced traditional African religion.
vi. Inter-ethnic / racial marriages have watered down modern marriage rites.
vii. Traditional African dances and songs have been replaced by western music.
viii. There’s emphasis on western mode of dressing and design for buildings.
ix. The role of rainmakers has been taken over by meteologists.

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PREDICTION 9
1 a) Identify the Traditional African views of creation (8 marks)
 All African communities believe that God existed from the very beginning of time.
 The names used to describe God in African communities refer to Him as the creator,
master of the universe, molder and even porter.
 Africans also believe that human beings were created to live forever in harmony with
God.
 Death comes to the world as God’s punishment for disobedience or other causes.
 God the provider continues providing human beings with the basic needs of life.
 Human beings were provided with the necessities of life and were very close to God.
 After creating God also established laws of nature and human customs, to be followed.
 God’s creation included the ordering of the destiny of human beings.
 Africans do not agree on any clear-cut sequence of events at creation. Some communities
agree that God started by creating the universe and ended by creation of human beings.
 African communities agree that God continues to create through humankind, and
childbearing is regarded as a blessing from God.

b) Outline six teaching about God in the traditional myths of creation (6 marks)
i. God is the creator/ giver of life.
ii. God is powerful/ mighty.
iii. God is the provider/ caring/ loving.
iv. God is everywhere/ omnipresent.
v. God is orderly.
vi. God is transcendent/ mysterious.
vii. God is a just God.
viii. God is all knowing/ omniscient.
ix. God is eternal/ everlasting.

c) State six reasons why Christians take care of creation (6 marks)

i. Christians take care for the environment in order to maintain its beauty.
ii. In order to preserve it for future generation.
iii. For it to attract tourist/ economic growth.
iv. In obedience with the word of God.
v. In order to preserve natural habitat for God’s creation.
vi. Environment is the source of food/ medicine/ shelter.
vii. In order to promote a healthy surrounding/ prevent pollution.

2 a) Describe the background to the call of Abraham (7 marks)

 Abraham was the son of Terah.
 They lived in Ur near River Euphrates.

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  He had two brothers; Haran and Nahor.
 Haran his brother had a son called Lot.
 He lived among the people who practiced polytheism; they were moon worshippers.
 At that time Abraham was called Abram.
 Abram had a wife called Sarai.
 Terah left Ur for Canaan with Abraham, his wife and Lot his grandson.
 On the way to Canaan they arrived at Haran and decided to settle there.

b) Identify seven forms of worship that were practiced by the Israelites in the wilderness
that are in the Christian worship today. (7 marks)
i. Obeying the ten commandments.
ii. Singing/ dancing in the church.
iii. Praying to God.
iv. Burning incense.
v. Building places of worship/ decorating/ consecrating places of worship.
vi. Observing of the Sabbath.
vii. Celebrating feasts/ festivals.
viii. Giving offerings/ tithes

c) State six reasons why church leaders make vows before starting their mission (6 marks)
viii. To receive God’s blessing/ guidance.
ix. To get acknowledgement from the people being served
x. It reminds the leader to stick to the church regulations/ mission.
xi. To get authority of God to lead.
xii. It gives the leader courage/ confidence to do his/ her work.
xiii. It shows one’s willingness/ commitment to serve/ acceptance.
xiv. To emulate the biblical way of commissioning servants of God.

3 a) Identify six commandments that Ahab and Jezebel broke from the story of Naboth’s
vineyard (6 marks)
i. They broke the commandment of not to kill as they planned for the stoning of
Naboth.they broke the command of not worshipping idols when they worshipped idols.
ii. They broke the commandment of not coveting when they wanted Naboths vineyard.
iii. Do not covet- Ahab coveted Naboth’s vineyard.
iv. They broke the commandment of not stealing when they took Naboth’s vineyard without
his consent.
v. They broke the commandment of not bearing false witness/ cheating when they planned
the death of Naboth on false accusation.
vi. They broke the commandment of not using the name of God in vain when they said
Naboth had blasphemed God.

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b) Identify six ways in which king Ahab failed to keep the covenant laws with reference to
the incident of Naboth’s vineyard (6 marks)
i. King Ahab took away Naboth’s vineyard.
ii. He allowed his wife to bear false witness against Naboth.
iii. He allowed the murder of Naboth through stoning.
iv. He oppressed the lowly.
v. He considered himself to be above the law/ equated himself with God.
vi. He coveted Naboth’s vineyard.
vii. He failed to respect the Jews law of land ownership/ inheritance.

c) State the lessons that Christian leaders learn from King Ahab. (8 marks)
i. Christian leaders learn that they should shun all forms of corruption.
ii. They should be fair and just to all.
iii. They should promote the worship of God at all times.
iv. They should avoid and help fight all forms of idolatry in the society.
v. They should not allow other people to lead them astray.
vi. They should respect and listen to the true prophets of God.
vii. They should be obedient to God.
viii. They should be repentant.
ix. They should be content of what they have / not covet nor steal other people’s property.
x. They should put their complete faith/trust in God.
xi. They should be truthful/ honest / not bear false witness against others.
xii. They should respect and protect human life as it is sacred.

4 a) Describe the call of Amos to become a prophet of God in Israel (5 marks)

i. Amos was a farmer tending sycamore trees/ shepherd
ii. He came from a village of Tekoa in Judah.
iii. He became a prophet during the reign of king Uzziah/ Heroboam.
iv. His call came through a vision.
v. He felt a strong compulsion to prophesy.
vi. He responded to God’s call in faith and obedience.

b) Lessons Christians learn from Israel’s election. (8 marks)

i. Christians are God’s people.
ii. It is God who chooses them to be Christians.
iii. God chooses one to be Christian from many others.
iv. Christians have been chosen by God to proclaim good news.
v. Christians are protected from their enemies by God.
vi. Christians should be obedient to God.

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 vii. Christians will be punished by God if they do wrong.
viii. Christians should always repent their sins.
ix. Church leaders are chosen by God.

c) Ways in which Christians practice hypocrisy in religion today (7 marks)

i. They place a lot of importance on external observance on religious rites
ii. They attend church services to satisfy their desires other than pleasing God.
iii. They make themselves holy only on Sundays while they engage in evil activities the
other days.
iv. They tithe stolen money/ money obtained illegally.
v. They build church on grabbed land.
vi. They make offering as a show off
vii. They murder beach other as a way of clearing those who are a threat to their leadership
position.
viii. They worshipped other gods in form of money at the expense of true worship.

5 a) Identify seven factors that led Nehemiah to engage in prayer

i. A feeling of compassion for the ruined state of the Jerusalem city.
ii. The need for a favour from the king in order to return to Judah.
iii. To seek protection from God against his enemies such as the Samaritans.
iv. The need for the rich to change their hearts so as not to exploit the poor.
v. The need to be strengthened following a plot to kill him.
vi. To plead with God not to destroy the Temple following its defilement by Tobiah.
vii. To be given guidance to assign duties to the priests after their consecration.
viii. The need to punish Sanballat for marrying a foreigner yet he was a priest.

b) State six ways in which Nehemiah handled the problems which he experienced
i. He called a meeting where it was passed that interest should no longer be charged on
money borrowed.
ii. He refused to acquire any land for himself.
iii. He used his own money to buy food for the builders.
iv. He never took the money from people for his support.
v. He imposed contributions to support the Levites.
vi. He ordered the city gates to be closed from the eve of the Sabbath.
vii. He introduced oath to Jews who had married foreigners.

c) Outline ways in which Christians renew their covenant faith with God
i. Partaking in the sacraments.
ii. Confessing sins

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 iii. Making public testimonies about their commitment to God through Jesus Christ.
iv. Reading the Bible.
v. Holding bible study groups.
vi. Attending Sunday church services.
vii. Going for retreats.
viii. Attending revival crusades/convention.
ix. Praying and fasting.
x. Helping the needy and the poor

6 a) Reasons why the naming ceremony was important

i. It brings the community together.
ii. It is a sign of accepting a new member into the community.
iii. It gives identity to the child to be full member of the community.
iv. It is welcoming the child to the community.
v. It is a sign of honouring the ancestors.
vi. It shows a link between the living and the living dead when children are named after the
living dead.
vii. It reminds people of important events in the society.
viii. It is a sign of continuity in the society.
ix. Names could also depict the character of the child.
x. Naming ceremonies also provide opportunity to teach culture to the youth.

b) Considerations made during naming in traditional African communities

i. The place of birth.
ii. The season.
iii. Experience of the mother during birth.
iv. Some were named after heroes.
v. Given names after the ancestors/living dead.
vi. The weather conditions.
vii. The name of god.
viii. After the grandparents.
ix. Twins are given special names.

c) Importance of rituals during naming ceremony

i. Bathing the child shows the beginning of a new life.
ii. Shaving of the mother and the baby shows new status.
iii. Holding the baby by the members of the community shows shared responsibilities.
iv. Praying and giving words of blessings signifies long life.
v. Slaughtering of animals is giving thanks to God.
vi. Feasting is a sign of showing acceptance and welcoming the baby.
vii. Giving presents/ gifts is a sign of good will to the baby and the mother.

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viii. Wearing of protective charms signifies protection for the baby and the mother.
ix. Giving a name is honoring the ancestors.
x. Feeding the baby symbolizes new life /growth.

PREDICTION 10
1 a) State the similarities found between both Biblical stories of creation and the
Traditional African myths of origin (7 marks)
i. In both God is the Supreme Being.
ii. God is the source of life in both.
iii. In both, human beings are special/ climax of God’s creation.
iv. In both God is the provider and sustainer.
v. In both, there is a sense of order.
vi. In both, human beings are in charge of creation.
vii. In both, human being was to obey.
viii. In both, God’s work of creation is still ongoing.
ix. In both, man and woman were created by God.

b) Describe the origin of sin as recorded in Genesis 3: 1-19. (7 marks)

 The serpent was clever than any other wild creature that the lord had made.
 The serpent asked the woman whether God had said that they should not eat from the tree
in the middle of the garden.
 The woman said that they were allowed to eat from all the trees but God told them not to
eat the fruit of the tree in the middle or even touch it as they will die.
 The serpent informed her that they will not die and that God knows that if they eat their
eyes will be opened and they will be like God knowing good and evil.
 The woman saw that the tree was good for food and it was good to the eye and would
make her wise.
 She took the fruit and ate it and also gave some to her husband and he ate.
 Their eyes were both opened and they knew they were naked and sewed leaves to make
aprons.
 Man and woman heard god coming to visit them and they hid themselves.

c) identify six lessons Christians learn from Biblical teachings on the consequences of sins.
(6 marks)
i. Christians learn that shame is a consequence of sin.
ii. Because of guilt, people hide from the truth.
iii. Man always finds excuses to shift blame from self.
iv. Enmity between man and rest of creation is a product of sin.
v. Man is to rule over/dominates the woman.

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 vi. Woman is to suffer pain while delivering.
vii. Working is necessary/toiling is necessary so as to find daily bread.
viii. Death is inevitable for man.
ix. Man needs to work for salvation to re-establish his relationship with God.
x. Curses are a product of a broken relationship.
xi. Suffering comes into the world as a result of broken relationship.
xii. God punishes evil.
xiii. Everything in creation is affected negatively as a result of fall of man to sin.
xiv. Sin separates man from God.

2 a) Identify the Test of Abraham’s faith in the land of Moriah (Genesis 22: 1-19) (8 marks)
 God told Abraham to take his only son to the land of Moriah to offer him as a sacrifice.
 Abraham took his son, two servants and wood for the burnt offering.
 They arrived at the place after 3days journey
 Abraham commanded his servants to remain behind as he and his son Isaac went up to
worship.
 He took Isaac, the fire wood and knife and went up.
 Isaac asked his father where the lamb for sacrifice would come from. Abraham told Isaac
that God would provide the lamb for the burnt offering.
 When they arrived at the place where God had commanded, Abraham built an altar, he
bound Isaac, lay him on the altar upon the wood.
 Abraham took the knife to slay his son but the angel of the Lord stopped him as he now
knew that Abraham feared God.
 Abraham saw a ram which he offered instead of his son.
 Abraham called the place ‘The Lord will provide’
 The angel appeared to Abraham the second time and gave him promises because of his
obedience.
 Abraham returned with his men to Beersheba.

b) State six reasons why Moses was reluctant to go back to Egypt. (6 marks)
i. He had killed an Egyptian and was fearing punishment.
ii. He was afraid to face pharaoh who wanted to kill him.
iii. He feared that the Israelites would not believe that God had sent him.
iv. He had already settled in Median and had a family.
v. He was not sure whether the Hebrews would accept him as their leader.
vi. He was a stammer/ not fluent in speech.
vii. He lacked adequate knowledge on the identity of God who was calling him.
viii. He lacked self-confidence.

c) Identify the importance of faith to Christians. (6 marks)

i. It enables Christians to overcome temptations and challenges in life.
ii. It enables Christians to commit their life to God/ grow spiritually.
iii. It enables Christians to depend on God for all things.
iv. It enables Christians to receive their requests from God.

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 v. Through faith Christians can perform miracles and do many great things.
vi. Through faith Christians are healed.
vii. It enables Christians to wait patiently for the second coming of Messiah.

3 a) Describe the incident in which king Ahab took Naboth’s vineyard according to 1st
Kings 21: 1-16 (7 marks)
 Naboth had a vineyard in Jezreel next to the king’s palace.
 King Ahab asked him to sell it to him for a vegetable garden.
 Naboth refused to sell it to him because it was an inheritance from his fore fathers.
 King Ahab went home disappointed and refused to eat.
 His wife Jezebel asked him why he was sad.
 He explained to her what had gone on and she asked him if he was the king or not.
 She promised to give him Naboth’s vineyard.
 Jezebel wrote letters to the elders of the city instructing them to accuse Naboth of
blasphemy.
 The elders planned for Naboth to be killed.
 Naboth was taken outside the city where he was stoned to death.
 When jezebel heard about the death of Naboth, she told King Ahab to go and possess the
vineyard.
 King Ahab went to possess the vineyard.

b) Identify six practices of idolatry during the time of Prophet Elijah (6 marks)
i. There was worship of many gods- Polytheism.
ii. There were human sacrifices.
iii. There were animal sacrifices and offerings.
iv. Rituals were performed in honour of idol gods.
v. Shrines, altars and high places were built for the worship of idol gods.
vi. The people observed festivals and feasts in honour of idol gods.
vii. Images and symbols were made to represent the gods and goddesses.
viii. Priest, prophets and prophetesses presided over all religious matters.

c) State ways in which Christians can fight corruption in Kenya today. (7 marks)
i. Christians can fight corruption by obeying the law of the state
ii. By preaching the importance of integrity to the people.
iii. Pray for those corrupt to change their behaviour.
iv. Report those involved in corruption to the relevant authority.
v. Christians act as role models for others to emulate/ set good example by avoiding corrupt
practices.
vi. Condemn all acts of corruption.
vii. Through exposing the corrupt practices in the society.
viii. By educating/ providing civic education on the evils of corruption.

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 ix. By lobbying for the punishment of all those who abuse justice.
x. They make moral choices/ informed decision/ through the use of life skills.
xi. Through advocating for the enactment of laws that can help to strengthen the fight against
corruption.

4 a) Channels through which Prophets in Old Testament received God’s revelation

i. Prophets in Old Testament received God’s revelation through dream and visions.
ii. Through words or messages which came into their minds with great power.
iii. Through events and experiences in their lives.
iv. Through signs.
v. Through answering prayers and miracles.
vi. Through the angels of God.
vii. Through direct revelation from God.
viii. Through anointing.
ix. Through written scriptures/scrolls.
x. Through other prophets on men of God.

b) Social evils that a true prophet of God would condemn in Kenya today
i. sexual immorality.
ii. Robbery.
iii. Corruption and bribery.
iv. Land grabbing.
v. Abortion.
vi. Religious hypocrisy.
vii. Domestic violence.
viii. Discrimination.
ix. Oppression of the poor.
x. Murder.

c) Ways through which God reveals Himself to Christians today

i. God reveals Himself to Christians through dreams.
ii. Through visions.
iii. Through the Holy Spirit/ Gifts of the Holy Spirit.
iv. Through the word of God.
v. Listening to preachers/ observing the role models.
vi. Through answering prayers/ miracles.
vii. Through nature events.

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5 a) Describe the social background to the call of Jeremiah (social evils)
 The people of Judah had broken the social demands of the covenant in the following
ways;
 The ruling class oppressed and exploited the widows and orphans.
 The rich and the religious leaders acquired wealth through dishonest means.
 The innocent were murdered.
 Sexual immorality was rampant.
 False prophets and priests told lies.
 Bribery and corruption were widely practiced especially in law courts.

b) State six reasons why the Israelites practiced necromancy

i. Lack of faith in Yahweh
ii. They were influenced by the Canaanites
iii. Disobedience of God’s commands
iv. In order to meet their needs.
v. To predict the future.
vi. To seek answers to mysteries of life.
vii. Presence of false prophets who used magic
c) Identify seven reasons why Christians condemn witchcraft
i. It is a sign of lack of trust in God.
ii. It is a sin before God.
iii. It promotes dishonest which is evil
iv. It creates conflict/ social disorder.
v. It is a form of idolatry.
vi. God requires total allegiance.
vii. It can lead to poverty when one uses wealth to pay for the services.
viii. It promotes feeling of insecurity in society and other psychological problems.
ix. It can create false security e.g. by use of charms.
x. It can discourage people from working hard for fear of being bewitched.

6 a) Identify six circumstances under which divorce was allowed in traditional African
communities.
i. When a woman was lazy.
ii. When a woman was barren.
iii. If a partner practices witchcraft.
iv. A woman not being a virgin at the time of marriage.
v. If one partner practices vices such as theft.
vi. If a woman lacked respect for her husband.
vii. If one of the partner is infected with an incurable illness such as leprosy.
viii. May be as a result of quarrels and domestic violence between the partners.

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 ix. Due to failure of man to pay full bride prize.

b) Outline the moral values acquired during marriage

xii. Faithfulness/ loyalty/ obedience to the marriage partner.
xiii. Respect for each other and the in-laws.
xiv. Responsibilities as everyone has duties to do.
xv. Hospitality/ kindness when hosting people.
xvi. Tolerance/ Perseverance in all hardships in marriage.
xvii. Love for the partner.
xviii. Unity/ co-operation with in-laws.
xix. Humility- in marriage.
xx. Courage- when facing challenges.
xxi. Integrity- to be of moral character in marriage.
xxii. Honesty- to each other in marriage.

c) Identify six reasons why the church in Kenya is opposed to the practice of wife inheritance
i. It is against the biblical teaching of monogamy.
ii. It can lead to diseases such as HIV/AIDS.
iii. It can cause jealousy/ breaking families.
iv. It is dehumanizing/ oppressive to the widow.
v. It can lead to destruction of property/ grabbing/ poverty.
vi. It can cause embarrassment to the concerned members.
vii. It can lead to mistreatment of wife/ children.
viii. It can create psychological problems.
ix. It can lead to death.
x. It can lead to street children/ increase in crime.
xi. It can lead to abandonment of children/ children.

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