Lal Suhanra National Park
Lal Suhanra National Park: A Natural Treasure of Pakistan
1. Introduction
Lal Suhanra National Park, located approximately 35 kilometers east of Bahawalpur in Punjab, Pakistan, is
one of South Asia's largest national parks. Established in 1972, it spans an area of about 162,568 acres
(approximately 658 square kilometers) and is recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The park's
diverse landscapes include desert, forest, and wetland ecosystems, making it a unique habitat for various
flora and fauna.
2. Geography and Ecosystems
The park's terrain is predominantly flat, interspersed with sand dunes ranging from 1 to 6 meters in height. It
encompasses three primary ecosystems:
Desert: Covering approximately 101,726 acres, this area features arid landscapes typical of the Cholistan
Desert.
Forest: Around 20,974 acres are dedicated to irrigated plantations, providing a green contrast to the
surrounding desert.
Wetlands: Approximately 4,780 acres consist of ponds and lakes, including the notable Patisar Lake, which
serves as a habitat for various waterfowl species.
The park is bisected by the Desert Branch Canal and the dry bed of the ancient Hakra River, adding to its
ecological diversity.
3. Flora
Lal Suhanra hosts a rich variety of plant species adapted to its diverse environments. The forested areas are
Lal Suhanra National Park
dominated by species such as Acacia and Prosopis, which provide essential shelter and food for wildlife. In
total, studies have recorded numerous plant species across various families, contributing to the park's
ecological significance.
4. Fauna
The park is home to a wide array of animal species, including several that are rare or endangered:
Mammals: Species such as the chinkara gazelle, blackbuck, blue bull (nilgai), Indian wolf, and jackals inhabit
the park. Notably, efforts have been made to reintroduce species like the blackbuck and Indian rhinoceros
into their natural habitats within the park.
Birds: Over 160 bird species have been recorded, including the houbara bustard, marsh harrier, laggar
falcon, peregrine falcon, kestrel, Egyptian vulture, and various species of ducks and pelicans, especially
around Patisar Lake.
Reptiles: The park's reptilian fauna includes the monitor lizard, Russell's viper, Indian cobra, saw-scaled
viper, wolf snake, and spiny-tailed lizard.
5. Conservation Efforts
As a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Lal Suhanra plays a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and
environmental education. The park engages in various programs:
Breeding Programs: Initiatives to breed and reintroduce endangered species like the blackbuck and Indian
rhinoceros.
Monitoring Programs: Regular wildlife monitoring ensures the health and stability of animal populations.
Educational Initiatives: The park conducts awareness programs to educate the public about wildlife
conservation and the importance of preserving natural habitats.
Lal Suhanra National Park
6. Tourism and Visitor Information
Lal Suhanra National Park offers various attractions and facilities for visitors:
Safari Tours: Guided jeep safaris provide opportunities to observe wildlife in their natural habitats.
Recreational Activities: Visitors can enjoy camel and horse riding, boating on Oval Lake, and birdwatching.
Accommodation: The park features rest houses, tourist huts, and camping grounds. The Tourism
Development Corporation of Punjab operates a motel near the park with amenities for tourists.
Accessibility: The park is accessible from Bahawalpur via road, with the nearest airport being Bahawalpur
Airport. Entry is free, and the park is open to the public from 8:00 AM to 9:00 PM daily.
7. Historical and Cultural Significance
Beyond its ecological importance, Lal Suhanra holds archaeological significance due to the presence of
ancient remains along the dry bed of the Hakra River. These findings suggest the area's historical connection
to early human civilizations, adding a cultural dimension to the park's value.
