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CNLAB5

The document details a lab on static routing, where students manually configured routes in a network with three routers, three switches, and six PCs. It covers the theory of static routing, the network setup, IP allocation, and the commands used for configuration, along with verification and testing of connectivity. The lab concluded with successful communication between devices, demonstrating the effectiveness of static routing in a controlled environment.

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4 views6 pages

CNLAB5

The document details a lab on static routing, where students manually configured routes in a network with three routers, three switches, and six PCs. It covers the theory of static routing, the network setup, IP allocation, and the commands used for configuration, along with verification and testing of connectivity. The lab concluded with successful communication between devices, demonstrating the effectiveness of static routing in a controlled environment.

Uploaded by

spandanmainali96
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LAB 5: STATIC ROUTING

THEORY:
Static routing is a method of routing in which network routes are manually configured
by a network administrator. Unlike dynamic routing protocols that learn routes
automatically, static routes must be explicitly defined and maintained. Each route
specifies a destination network and the next-hop address or exit interface to reach that
network.
Static routing is generally used in small or simple networks where there is minimal
need for frequent route updates. It provides better control, predictable behavior, and
enhanced security since only predefined paths are allowed. However, it lacks
scalability and fault tolerance because routes do not adjust automatically if there is a
failure in the network.
In static routing, when a router receives a data packet, it consults its routing table to
determine the best path to forward the packet. If the destination is found in the table
through a static route, the packet is forwarded accordingly. If not, the packet is
dropped or sent to a default gateway if configured.
Static routes are commonly configured using commands such as:
ip route <destination-network> <subnet-mask> <next-hop-ip-address/interface>
For example:
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
This command tells the router to forward packets destined for the 192.168.2.0/24
network to the next-hop address 192.168.1.2.
Static routing is useful in scenarios such as stub networks, default routing in small
offices, or for specifying backup routes in combination with dynamic routing.

OBSERVATIONS:
In this lab, we worked on configuring static routing in Cisco Packet Tracer using a
network composed of 3 routers, 3 switches, and 6 PCs (2 PCs per switch). The aim
was to enable communication between all the devices across different networks using
manually configured static routes.
Network Setup
We first created the network topology as shown in the diagram:
 Each router was connected to a switch using FastEthernet ports.
 Each switch connected to 2 PCs.
 The routers were interconnected using serial cables. Since routers do not have
serial interfaces by default, we added WIC-2T serial interface modules.
We used serial cables instead of crossover cables due to better control over speed.
Serial links allow us to set the clock rate on the DCE side, making it possible to
simulate faster and more reliable connections than the limited-speed crossover cables.

Subnetting and IP Allocation


The provided IP block was 172.16.0.0/24 (Class B range). Based on the requirement:
 Each LAN (PCs and Switch) needed 30 usable IPs → we used /27 subnets (32
total IPs).
172.16.0.0-172.16.0.31 /27
172.16.0.32-172.16.0.63 /27
172.16.0.64-172.16.0.95 /27
 Each router-to-router link required 2 usable IPs → we used /30 subnets (4 total
IPs).
172.16.0.96-172.16.0.99 /30
172.16.0.100-172.16.0.103 /30
172.16.0.104-172.16.0.107 /30
A total of 6 subnets were created. IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways
were assigned to:
 PCs via their desktop IP configuration.
 Routers via FastEthernet and Serial interfaces.

Initial Testing
Using the ping command:
 Ping between PCs in the same network was successful.
 Ping between PCs in different networks failed — this was expected since no
routing information was configured yet.

Static Routing Configuration
To enable inter-network communication, we configured static routes on all three
routers using the following commands:

Static Routing Commands


Router 0 (Leftmost Router)
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# ip route 172.16.0.64 255.255.255.224 172.16.0.98
Router(config)# ip route 172.16.0.33 255.255.255.224 172.16.0.102
Router(config)# ip route 172.16.0.104 255.255.255.252 172.16.0.98
Router(config)# exit
Router# wr
Router 1 (Middle Router)
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.224 172.16.0.101
Router(config)# ip route 172.16.0.64 255.255.255.224 172.16.0.106
Router(config)# ip route 172.16.0.96 255.255.255.252 172.16.0.101
Router(config)# exit
Router# wr
Router 2 (Rightmost Router)
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.224 172.16.0.97
Router(config)# ip route 172.16.0.32 255.255.255.224 172.16.0.105
Router(config)# ip route 172.16.0.100 255.255.255.252 172.16.0.97
Router(config)# exit
Router# wr

Verification Commands on Router 1


To verify the IP configuration and routing table, we used the following commands on
Router 1:
1. show ip interface brief
 This command displays the status of all interfaces.
 We confirmed that all interfaces (FastEthernet and Serial) were up/up, and IP
addresses were assigned correctly.
2. show ip route
 This command displays the router’s routing table.
 We observed that routes to remote networks were listed as static (S) routes,
indicating they were manually added.
3. show cdp neighbors
 This command shows directly connected Cisco devices.
 We could see Router 1’s immediate neighbors (Router 0 and Router 2) along
with their interface details, verifying proper physical and logical connectivity.

End-to-End Connectivity Test

After configuring static routes, we tested inter-network communication.

From PC1, we executed the following ping:

> ping 172.16.0.34


This was successful, confirming that static routing was functioning correctly.
We also used the tracert command from PC1:
> tracert 172.16.0.34
This traced the path taken by packets from PC1 to PC4, showing 3 hops:
PC1 → Router 0
Router 0 → Router 1
Router 1 → Router 2 → PC4
This validated that the data successfully traveled through all required routers to reach
the final destination.

DISCUSSION:
This lab provided hands-on experience in designing and configuring a network with
multiple subnets and routers using static routing. We learned how to manually assign
IP addresses based on subnetting requirements and understood the importance of
serial connections between routers, especially for speed and reliability using clock
rate configuration. The use of verification commands like show ip interface brief,
show ip route, and show cdp neighbors helped us ensure correct setup and
connectivity. Additionally, the successful results of ping and tracert commands
confirmed that our static routes were working as intended, allowing communication
between devices across different networks.

CONCLUSION:
Hence, in this way we completed our lab on static routing.
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
KATHAMDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KALIMATI, KATHMANDU

LAB REPORT ON:


COMPUTER NETWORK

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:


NAME: BARDAN MAINALI DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
ROLL NO:24 SEC: A ENGINEERING
YEAR: IV PART: I

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