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Cellulose: by Kisar Bittar

Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that is the main component of plant cell walls. It is a polymer of glucose units bonded together by beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages. Cellulose has many important industrial uses including in cotton fabrics, pharmaceuticals, cellophane, explosives, and as a source for industrial sugars. It is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

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103 views

Cellulose: by Kisar Bittar

Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that is the main component of plant cell walls. It is a polymer of glucose units bonded together by beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages. Cellulose has many important industrial uses including in cotton fabrics, pharmaceuticals, cellophane, explosives, and as a source for industrial sugars. It is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

Uploaded by

alin425
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cellulose

By Kisar Bittar CE 435 Dr. Alexandridis

Cellulose
Outline: Introduction The Structure of Cellulose Polymerization Cellulose and Industries Summary

Cellulose
Introduction:

Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that consist of carbons, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, giving the general formula Cm(H2O)n Carbohydrates are classified by the by the number of sugar units into monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharides Plants synthesize carbohydrates through photosynthesis 6CO2 + H2O 6O2 + C6H12O6 (glucose ) starch, cellulose + H2O Animals can store energy by forming glycogen

Cellulose
Introduction: (cont)

Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate, or polysaccharide consisting of 3,000 or more glucose units Cellulose + H3O+ + heat over 1000 glucose molecules The most abundant organic compounds on earth The basic structural component of plants cell walls 33% vegetable 90% cotton 50% wood
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Cellulose
Structure of Cellulose:

The Cellulose is composed D-glucose unite linked by 1, 4 glycoside bonds Cellulose is poly(1,4--D-glucopyranoside)

Cellulose D- glucose
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Cellulose
Polymerization:
1. Drawing Cyclic Monosaccharides: The repeating unit in cellulose is actually made up of two glucose units with each glucose unit in the linear chain being turned over.

Cellulose
Polymerization: (cont)
2. Anionic Polymerization:

Cellulose
Polymerization: (cont)
2. Anionic Polymerization: 1,4--D-glucopyranoside

Cellulose
Cellulose and Industries:
1. Cotton:
Cotton is composed of 87 -90% cellulose with the cotton fibers containing polymer chains in both amorphous and crystalline forms It is stiff and has a high tensile strength Absorbs water without feeling wet Absorbs heat Clothes, dyes, building materials, and papers

Cellulose
Cellulose and Industries: (cont)
2. Pharmaceuticals:
Medicines are derived from plants

and, many of those that are not, are chemicals synthesized to mimic active principles originally purified from plants and used medicinally (cellulose acetate phthalate)

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Cellulose
Cellulose and Industries: (cont)
3. Cellophane
Can be obtained when a viscous cellulose reacts with acid (sulfuric acid) to produce cellophane, further treatment such as washing and bleaching Highly impermeable to dry gases and bacteria

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Cellulose
Cellulose and Industries: (cont)
4. Bombs Cellulose trinitrate is used as a propellant for bullets due the fact that nitrate OH group can be explosive

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Cellulose
Cellulose and Industries: (cont)
6. Energy Drinks: Glucuronolacton, vitamins, and carbohydrates

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Cellulose

Cellulose and Industries: (cont)


7. Industrial Sugar

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Cellulose
Things to Remember: Cellulose is a complex carbohydrates Glucose is the monomer C6H12O6 The special properties of cellulose result from the association of the long chain Be careful with its isomers Cellulose is very insoluble in water Unlike the animals, the human cannot metabolized cellulose
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Cellulose
References:
L.G. Wade, jr. Organic chemistry, 4th edition, 1999 Anti-HIV www.biomedcenteral.com Water structure www.lsbu.as.uk Cellulose and its Structure www.courseworkbank.com Cellulose www.bio.plaisley.ac.uk Cellulose www.en.wikipedia.org Cellulose acetate www.plastiquarian.com Plants www.wits.ac.za
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Cellulose

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