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Last Scrap Physics Batch of Notes For (SS2)

Overcrowding occurs when a population surpasses its habitat's carrying capacity, leading to resource shortages and increased competition. Factors contributing to overcrowding include high birth rates, low death rates, and immigration, while its effects can result in aggression, disease spread, and death of weaker organisms. Adaptations to mitigate overcrowding include territorial behavior, swarming, emigration, and chemical production by plants.

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5 views2 pages

Last Scrap Physics Batch of Notes For (SS2)

Overcrowding occurs when a population surpasses its habitat's carrying capacity, leading to resource shortages and increased competition. Factors contributing to overcrowding include high birth rates, low death rates, and immigration, while its effects can result in aggression, disease spread, and death of weaker organisms. Adaptations to mitigate overcrowding include territorial behavior, swarming, emigration, and chemical production by plants.

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xdaex2009
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OVERCROWDING

Definition:
A situation where a population exceeds the carrying capacity of its habitat, leading to insufficient
food, space, and resources.

FACTORS CAUSING OVERCROWDING

1. High birth rate (Natality)


2. Increase in food supply
3. Low death rate (Mortality)
4. Immigration (inflow of individuals)
5. Poor seed/fruit dispersal in plants
6. Social habits (e.g. ants, bees, termites)
7. Limited space

EFFECTS OF OVERCROWDING

 Food and space shortage


 Increased competition (survival of the fittest)
 Aggression, fighting, cannibalism
 Rapid disease spread
 Predation increases
 Death of weaker organisms

ADAPTATIONS TO AVOID OVERCROWDING

1. Territorial Behaviour – Animals defend specific areas for survival.


2. Swarming – Social animals like bees and termites form new colonies.
3. Emigration – Movement to new areas.
4. Seed/Fruit Dispersal – By wind, water, animals, etc.
5. Canopy Formation – Taller plants outcompete shorter ones for light.
6. Chemical Production – Some plant roots secrete chemicals to
prevent nearby growth.
FOOD SHORTAGE

Occurs when food supply is reduced due to:

 Natural disasters (e.g. drought, floods)


 Plant/animal diseases
 Pests (e.g. locusts)
 Poor storage facilities
 Bush burning

EFFECTS OF FOOD SHORTAGE

1. Competition – Leads to fighting and cannibalism.


2. Emigration – Movement to areas with more food.
3. Reduced reproduction rate – Humans may use family planning due
to food scarcity.

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