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Aromatic Reactions JEE Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of aromatic reactions relevant for JEE, detailing various electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions involving aromatic hydrocarbons, haloarenes, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and amines. Key reactions include nitration, halogenation, Birch reduction, and diazotization, along with tips on activating and deactivating groups. It emphasizes the importance of reaction mechanisms, conditions, and orientation rules for exam preparation.

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26 views3 pages

Aromatic Reactions JEE Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of aromatic reactions relevant for JEE, detailing various electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions involving aromatic hydrocarbons, haloarenes, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and amines. Key reactions include nitration, halogenation, Birch reduction, and diazotization, along with tips on activating and deactivating groups. It emphasizes the importance of reaction mechanisms, conditions, and orientation rules for exam preparation.

Uploaded by

loluri229
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Birch Reduction - JEE Notes

All Aromatic Reactions: Hydrocarbons to Amines

Aromatic Reactions Summary (Hydrocarbons to Amines) - JEE Level

1. Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Benzene and derivatives)

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- Electrophilic Substitution Reactions (ESR):

a) Nitration: Benzene + HNO3/H2SO4 -> Nitrobenzene

b) Halogenation: Benzene + Cl2/Br2 + FeCl3 -> Chlorobenzene/Bromobenzene

c) Sulfonation: Benzene + fuming H2SO4 -> Benzenesulfonic acid

d) Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: Benzene + R-Cl/AlCl3 -> Alkylbenzene

e) Friedel-Crafts Acylation: Benzene + RCOCl/AlCl3 -> Acylbenzene

- Birch Reduction:

Benzene + Na/NH3 + ROH -> 1,4-Cyclohexadiene

2. Haloarenes (Aryl halides)

-----------------------------

- Nucleophilic Substitution (only with EWG at ortho/para positions):

Ar-X + OH- (with heat) -> Ar-OH (Phenol)

- Sandmeyer Reaction:

Ar-NH2 + NaNO2/HCl -> Ar-N2+Cl-

Ar-N2+Cl- + CuX -> Ar-X (X = Cl, Br, CN)

- Gattermann Reaction:

Ar-N2+Cl- + HCu/Cl -> Ar-Cl

- Balz-Schiemann Reaction:

Ar-N2+BF4- -> Ar-F + BF3 (on heating)


Birch Reduction - JEE Notes

3. Phenols

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- Electrophilic substitution faster than benzene (OH is activating):

a) Nitration: Phenol + HNO3 -> o/p-Nitrophenol

b) Bromination: Phenol + Br2 -> 2,4,6-tribromophenol (white ppt)

- Reimer-Tiemann Reaction:

Phenol + CHCl3 + NaOH -> Salicylaldehyde

- Kolbe's Reaction:

Phenol + CO2 + NaOH -> Salicylic acid

4. Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones

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- Electrophilic substitution is slower (CHO, COR are deactivating, meta-directing)

- Oxidation: Ar-CHO -> Ar-COOH (KMnO4, etc.)

- Reduction: Ar-CHO -> Ar-CH2OH (LiAlH4, NaBH4)

- Clemensen/Wolff-Kishner reduction: Ar-CO-R -> Ar-CH2-R

5. Aromatic Carboxylic Acids

-----------------------------

- Decarboxylation: Ar-COOH + NaOH -> Ar-H (heating)

- Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky: alpha-halogenation of benzoic acid

6. Amines (Aromatic)

---------------------

- Diazotization:

Ar-NH2 + NaNO2 + HCl (0-5°C) -> Ar-N2+Cl-


Birch Reduction - JEE Notes

- Coupling Reactions:

Ar-N2+Cl- + Phenol/Aniline -> Azo dyes

- Electrophilic substitution (NH2 is activating):

a) Bromination: Aniline + Br2 -> 2,4,6-tribromoaniline

- Acetylation:

Aniline + CH3COCl -> Acetanilide (moderates activation)

Tips:

- Activating groups = ortho/para directors (e.g., OH, NH2, CH3)

- Deactivating groups = meta directors (e.g., NO2, COOH, CN)

- Halogens are deactivating but ortho/para directors

Important: Reactions involving rearrangements (Friedel-Crafts), conditions (temperature, catalysts), and

orientation rules are frequently tested in JEE.

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