Question Bank

Microprocessor and Microcontroller (ES603)

Unit 1: Introduction to Microprocessor (8085 Architecture, Interfacing,
Devices)
1. Define a microprocessor and mention its key components.
2. Draw and explain the block diagram of a microprocessor system.
3. Draw and explain a timing diagram for the MOV instruction.
4. What is memory-mapped I/O?
5. Describe the functions of different logic devices used for interfacing.
6. Differentiate between input and output devices in microprocessor systems.
7. List any four pins of the 8085 microprocessor and their functions.
8. List any four functions of the control unit in the 8085 microprocessors.
9. Compare microprocessor and microcontroller.
10. Draw and explain the timing diagram for the instruction LDA 2500H.
11. Describe the process of interfacing memory and I/O devices to 8085 using memory-mapped I/O technique.
12. Explain the different addressing modes of 8085 with suitable examples.
13. Discuss interfacing of an input device and output display with 8085 using logic devices.
14. Define interrupt and DMA.
15. Describe how memory and I/O devices are interfaced with the 8085 using Memory-Mapped I/O and I/O Mapped
I/O methods.
16. Direct Memory Access (DMA): Explain the concept of memory-mapped I/O and its advantages.
17. Draw a well-labelled block diagram of an 8085 microprocessor-based system and explain buses used in interfacing.

Unit 2: Basic Programming Concepts of 8085

18. Explain the concept of timing diagrams with an example.
19. Write an assembly program in 8085 to add two 16-bit BCD numbers.
20. Write an 8085 program to divide a 16-bit number by an 8-bit number. Explain the logic.
21. Write an 8085 assembly language program that adds the content of register D to the accumulator.
22. Develop a program in 8085 to multiply two 8-bit numbers using repeated addition.
23. Write an assembly language program to sort an array of numbers in descending order. Explain each instruction.
24. What are the types of arithmetic instructions in 8085?
25. Write an example of a logical operation in 8085.
26. Difference between the RRC (Rotate Right) and CMP (Compare) instructions in the 8085 microprocessor?
27. Explain the use of looping, counting, and indexing techniques in 8085 programming.
28. Write a program in 8085 to arrange ten numbers in both ascending and descending order.
29. Draw a flowchart that describes the logic of sorting numbers.
30. Discuss branching instructions in 8085 with examples.
31. Describe the significance of time delay routines with an example.
32. Write a program using 8085 to find the smallest number from an array.
33. List the types of arithmetic instructions in 8085.
34. Differentiate between memory-mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/O.
35. Explain the concept of timing diagrams in 8085 programming.
36. Write a program to transfer data from one memory location to another.
37. Differentiate between an interrupt and Direct Memory Access (DMA), and briefly explain their functions
38. Draw and explain the block diagram of a microprocessor 8085.
39. Draw a well-labelled block diagram of an 8085 microprocessor-based system that includes ROM, RAM, an input
port, an output display, and all necessary interfacing components. Explain how the address, data, and control
buses are used in memory and I/O interfacing

Unit 3: Peripheral Devices (8255, 8253, 8259, 8237, 8251, RS232)

40. Explain the architecture of the 8255 PPI and its modes of operation with diagrams.
41. What is the purpose and use of the 8255 PPI?
42. Mention any two key functions of the 8259 PIC.
43. What are the main features of the 8253/8254 Programmable Timer/Counter?
44. Describe how serial communication is achieved using 8251 USART.
45. Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous transmission. How does 8251 handle both?
46. Explain the role of the 8251 USART in serial communication.
47. Explain the operation and interfacing of the 8259 PIC with 8085.
48. Explain the operation of the 8237 DMA Controller.
49. Compare vectored and non-vectored interrupts in 8085.
50. List any two functions of the 8259 controllers.
51. What is the function of the 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) and how does it facilitate
communication between the microprocessor and peripheral devices?
52. Discuss the modes of operation of the 8255 PPI.
53. Describe the significance of time delay routines with an example.
54. Explain the modes of operation of 8253 timer and write a program to use mode 2 as a rate generator.
55. Discuss the role of 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller and its importance in interrupt handling.
56. Explain the pin diagram and modes of operation of 8255 PPI with suitable diagram.
57. Describe the functioning of 8253 Timer and its different modes with application examples.

Unit 4: Microprocessor 8086

58. Explain the architecture of the 8086 microprocessor with a labeled block diagram. Describe the function of each
block.
59. Describe the roles and internal components of the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) in the 8086 microprocessor.
60. Discuss the Execution Unit (EU) of the 8086 microprocessor. What are its major components and how do they
function?
61. Explain how the BIU and EU work together in the 8086 microprocessor to fetch and execute instructions.
62. What is instruction pipelining in the 8086 microprocessor? Explain its mechanism and advantages.
63. Write all the addressing modes of 8086 in detail.
64. Explain all the pins available in 8086 microprocessor with suitable diagram.
65. Describe in detail the register organization of the 8086 microprocessor. Differentiate between general-purpose
and special-purpose registers.
66. What is a flag register in the 8086 microprocessor? Explain the function of each flag and its significance during
program execution.
 67. Explain memory segmentation in 8086. What are the types of segment registers and how is a physical address
formed?
68. Write a detailed note on the general-purpose registers (AX, BX, CX, DX) of 8086 and their usage in programming.
69. Discuss the function and significance of the segment registers (CS, DS, SS, ES) in the 8086 microprocessor
architecture.
70. Explain the role of pointer and index registers (SP, BP, SI, DI) in the 8086 architecture with examples.
71. Differentiate between minimum mode and maximum mode of the 8086 microprocessor. How is each mode
configured and used?
72. Explain the function and purpose of the instruction queue in the 8086 BIU. How does it support pipelining?
73. How is memory organized in the 8086 system? Discuss how segmentation affects memory access and
management.
74. Describe the physical and logical address computation in the 8086 microprocessor. Provide examples showing
segment:offset addressing.

Unit 5: 8051 Microcontroller Basics & Assembly Programming

75. Explain the term 'microcontroller' and highlight its key features.
76. Draw the pin diagram of the 8051 microcontroller and explain each pin.
77. Describe the block diagram of 8051 with functions of each block.
78. Explain the internal and external memory organization of 8051.
79. What are the PSW and flag bits in 8051?
80. Explain the function of the PSW and associated Flag Bits in the 8051.
81. What are the different types of Special Function Registers (SFRs) in 8051 and their uses?
82. What are the I/O port usage rules in 8051?
83. How are I/O ports used in 8051? Explain with examples.
84. Explain different I/O port usages in 8051.
85. Describe different addressing modes (Immediate, Register, Direct, Indirect, Indexed) with examples.
86. Describe different types of interrupts in 8051 and their priorities.
87. List any four arithmetic instructions in 8051 and briefly describe their functions.
88. Explain the use of jump and loop instructions in 8051 with examples.
89. Write a program to transfer data from one memory location to another (8051).
90. List four arithmetic instructions in 8051 and describe their functions.
91. Write a short program in 8051 to add two 8-bit numbers stored at 30H and 31H.
92. Describe the logic behind the above code and the role of registers and memory.
93. Discuss how the carry flag is used in the program to handle overflow.
94. Explain the role and significance of timers in 8051 with examples.
95. If the 8051 runs at 12 MHz, calculate delay generated using TH1 = 0xFF, TL1 = 0x00 in Timer 1.
96. 8051 Timer 0 in Mode 2 (TH0 = 0xF0): How much delay is generated per overflow?
97. Write a program to generate 10 kHz square wave using 8051.
98. Illustrate the effect of addition on PSW flags (carry, zero, overflow).
99. Explain the role and significance of timers in the 8051 microcontrollers with suitable examples
100. Write an assembly program in 8051 to detect a switch press and toggle an LED using Port 2.
101. Discuss the IO Port programming in 8051 with example programs for LED blinking.
102. Write an 8051 assembly program to generate a 10 kHz square wave using Timer 1. Show calculation of delay.