1

1 When a mixture of sodium and sodium hydroxide is heated, sodium oxide and hydrogen are formed.

Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

........Na + 2NaOH → ........Na2O + H2

[2]

[Total: 2]

2 Sodium reacts vigorously with water to form aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, which is a strong
base.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

3
Calculate the concentration of NaOH(aq) formed, in g / dm , when 0.345 g of sodium is added to
3
50.0 cm of distilled water. Assume there is no change in volume.

Use the following steps.

(a) Calculate the number of moles of Na added.

= ............................... mol [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of NaOH formed.

= ............................... mol [1]

3
(c) Calculate the concentration of NaOH in mol / dm .

3
concentration of NaOH = .......................... mol / dm [1]
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3
(d) Determine the Mr of NaOH and calculate the concentration of NaOH in g / dm .

3
concentration of NaOH = .............................. g / dm [2]

[Total: 5]

3 A student prepares calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, by adding calcium carbonate to dilute nitric acid.

(a) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Describe two observations during this reaction.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 4]

4 Ester Y has the following composition by mass:

C, 58.82%; H, 9.80%; O, 31.37%.

Calculate the empirical formula of ester Y.

empirical formula = ........................... [3]

[Total: 3]
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5 A student determines the concentration of a solution of dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, by titration with
aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Calculate the concentration of H2SO4 using the following steps.

3 3
• Calculate the number of moles in 25.0 cm of 0.200 mol / dm NaOH.

.................................... m o l

• Determine the number of moles of H2SO4 that react with the NaOH.

.................................... m o l

• Calculate the concentration of H2SO4.

3
............................ mol / dm [3]

[Total: 3]
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6 A compound of copper has the formula K2CuF4.

Complete the table to calculate the relative molecular mass of K2CuF4.

number relative
atom
of atoms atomic mass

potassium 2 39 2 x 39 = 78

copper 64

fluorine 19

relative molecular mass = ................. [2]

[Total: 2]

7 Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide are used to make aqueous potassium sulfate.

H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O

The method includes use of the following apparatus.

dilute sulfuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm3 of aqueous

potassium hydroxide

3
Calculate the volume of 0.0625 mol / dm dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, that completely reacts with
3 3
25.0 cm of 0.100 mol / dm potassium hydroxide, KOH, to produce aqueous potassium sulfate.

Use the following steps.

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3 3
(a) Calculate the number of moles of KOH in 25.0 cm of 0.100 mol / dm KOH.

= ................................mol [1]

(b) Deduce the number of moles of H2SO4 that react with KOH.

= ................................mol [1]

(c) Calculate the volume of H2SO4 required.

3
volume = .................................cm [1]

(d) The experiment is repeated using the same volume and concentration of potassium hydroxide
and the same concentration of dilute sulfuric acid. In this second experiment, the product is
aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate, KHSO4.

H2SO4 + KOH → KHSO4 + H2O

Use your answer to (c) and the equation to deduce the volume of H2SO4 required.

3
volume = .................................cm [1]

[Total: 4]

8 The electronic structures of some atoms and ions are shown.

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A B C D
2+ 3–
+

E F G H
–
–

(a) Write the letters, A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H, of the electronic structures which show:

(i) atoms of two different noble gases ................................... and ....................................

[2]

(ii) an ion of a Group I element ..........................................................................................

[1]

(iii) an ion of a Group V element ........................................................................................

[1]

(iv) a pair of ions that could form a compound with the formula XY2. ............ and ...........

[1]

(b) State which electronic structure, A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H, is incorrect.

Explain why.

incorrect electronic structure ............................................................................................

explanation .......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) State how many protons are found in the nucleus of ion C. .............................................

[1]

(d) Use the Periodic Table to deduce:

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(i) the chemical symbol for ion G .......................................................................

[1]

(ii) the element which forms an ion with a 3+ charge and the same electronic structure as
H.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 10]

9 Some elements are shown in the order they appear in the reactivity series.

The most reactive element is at the top.

sodium

calcium

magnesium

aluminium

zinc

iron

hydrogen

copper

Answer the questions using the list of elements.

Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Identify:

(a) a non-metal

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) a metal which is stored under oil

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) the main component of steel

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) a metal with three electrons in the outer shell of its atoms

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(e) a metal found in brass

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) a metal that forms chlorides of the type XCl2 and XCl3

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) Name two metals from the list which are extracted by reduction of their ores using carbon.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 8]

10 The diagrams show part of the structures of five substances, A, B, C, D and E.

He Li+ Cl – Li+ Cl –
He
He Cl – Li+ Cl – Li+
He
He Li+ Cl – Li+ Cl –

He Cl – Li+ Cl – Li+

A B C

N
N
Cu Cu Cu Cu
N N
N

Cu Cu Cu Cu
Cu Cu Cu Cu
N

N N
N
N Cu Cu Cu Cu

D E

(a) Answer the following questions about these structures.

Each structure may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(i) Which two of these structures, A, B, C, D or E, are covalently bonded?

....................................................... and ....................................................... [2]

(ii) Which one of these structures, A, B, C, D or E, is a diatomic molecule?

................................................................................................................................ [1]
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(iii) Which one of these structures, A, B, C, D or E, is a compound?

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) Which one of these structures, A, B, C, D or E, is very soluble in water?

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(v) Which one of these structures, A, B, C, D or E, is used in cutting tools?

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(vi) Which one of these structures, A, B, C, D or E, is used in electrical wiring?

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Substance B is an element.

What is meant by the term element ?

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

11 The diagram shows part of the structures of sodium bromide and graphite at room temperature
and pressure.

Na+ Br – Na+ Br –

Br – Na+ Br – Na+

Na+ Br – Na+ Br –

Describe the physical properties of these substances in terms of:

(a) volatility

sodium bromide ................................................................................................................

graphite ............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) solubility in water

sodium bromide ................................................................................................................

graphite ............................................................................................................................. [2]

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(c) electrical conductivity when solid.

sodium bromide ................................................................................................................

graphite ............................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

12 The diagram shows part of the structures of sodium chloride and pentane at room temperature
andpressure.

Na+ Cl – Na+ Cl –
represents pentane,
Cl – Na+ Cl – Na+ CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Na+ Cl – Na+ Cl –

Describe the differences in the physical properties of these substances in terms of:

(a) volatility

sodium chloride ................................................................................................................

pentane ............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) solubility in water

sodium chloride ................................................................................................................

pentane ............................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) electrical conductivity when molten (liquid).

sodium chloride ................................................................................................................

pentane ............................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]