Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols.
644-650 (2014) pp 5129-5132 Submitted: 2014-07-21
© (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Accepted: 2014-07-22
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.644-650.5129 Online: 2014-09-22
Research on the Development of College Sports Architecture
Xiaoyan Yang
Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang, Sichuan, 618000, China
[email protected]
Keywords: Structure, America, Architecture, College, Sports
Abstract. With the development of higher education, college sports architecture is no exception in
the revolution. Due to many factors, such as economic, sports science and technology, the
development of Europe and the United States and Japan and other countries of the sports building has
been at the forefront of the world. At the same time as the Europe and the United States, Japan and
other countries recognize in the mass sports, competitive sports and school sports are abundant, and
established a relatively perfect sports club system, at the same time, many large-scale sports events
and commercial events are held in Colleges and universities. These are vigorously promoting the
construction of college sports architecture. Many college students in Europe and the United States, in
the school the sports entertainment facilities in Colleges and universities are available as an important
condition for the choice of schools, the quantity and quality of sports facilities has become one of the
window to show the strength of the competition, promote the sports facilities in Colleges and
universities to develop.
Introduction
In America, a college sports facility is an important part of higher education, and is also an important
part of their daily life the essential. Colleges and universities America attention to carry out sports
activities, the campus gymnasium, stadium set, swimming pool and other facilities, the formation of a
democratic, healthy, be lively and vivid life on campus. The concept of space, open and
comprehensive functions, perfect service facilities is the university sports facilities in the pursuit of
the goal. Combined with the sports ground facilities and indoor sports facilities, the concept of
comprehensive entertainment center, has become the mainstream of the construction of sports
facilities. Establishment of environment space, communication space, and even more for the disabled
to use, design fully reflects the sports facilities "USA people-oriented" in Colleges and universities.
Many university campuses in USA gymnasium, stadium, in the swimming pool Goods are
available in all varieties. more than half of the university has a special athletics stadium, swimming
pool etc.. The larger university usually has 2-3 stadium, existing facilities, comprehensive
gymnasium, strong stadium, also has the small stadium in various sports no audience seat, famous
American Harvard University has many stadiums, of which a considerable scale is the soldier field,
Harvard stadium, Briggs Sports Center, Bright Hockey Centre, Palmer Dick's Stadium, swimming
pool by Jay Gordon, track and tennis center, Newell dock, Walden dock, Hemingway stadium,
Radcliffe stadium, University handball court and so on.
The early development of college sports architecture
Generally speaking, college sports architecture American is along with the development of higher
education and the development of USA. After the industrial revolution in nineteenth Century, the
rapid development of higher education America, transfer of higher education center of the world from
Europe to American. When the University Gymnasium belongs to pure entertainment, it also have not
opened the university sports curriculum. By the beginning of this century, with the development of the
school sports team, some schools have been built sports facilities; Harvard University is the first
building on the campus of the school gymnasium. In 1840, Harvard University built the first building
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5130 Machine Tool Technology, Mechatronics and Information Engineering
separate gymnasium, school was the construction of the stadium does not aim to improve health, but
for students "consumption of excess energy".
20 years of the twentieth Century, many educators recognize that should not be too much emphasis
on "the spectator sport", should attract students to participate in, rather than watching. So some
schools set up a physical education class, also built a priority to the education of the gym little or no
audience, influence, eclecticism in this period by the then popular stadium in architectural style, in the
shape of retained the eclecticism mark. 30 years later, the stadium was sheds the eclecticism coat,
interior space is characterized by strong form follows function. University of California gymnasium is
representative of this period, as shown in figure 1. At the same time, this period of American
University gymnasium construction scale is gradually increasing, stadium began to act as an
important role in the college building, Cameron The Palestra of the University of Pennsylvania
gymnasium and indoor gymnasium in Duke University CameronIndoor built in the beginning, began
to play an important role in students Sports life, as shown in figure 2.
Figure 1 Palestra gymnasium Figure 2 Cameron Indoor gym
The rise of modern sports architecture
After World War II, the reform of higher education America began, to the great development of
higher education stage. With the development of modern architecture movement continues to rise, the
outstanding representative of sports building the modern architecture is more and more shows the
characteristics of modern architecture, the emergence of a large number of can reflect the modern
architecture of new technology, new building material and structure of new forms of college sports
architecture.
Yale University Hockey Hall (Figure 3) is one of the famous buildings of Yale University. By USA
architects Saarinen design, completed in 1958. This is Saarinen bold use of modern scientific and
technological achievements, the best works of architectural modeling is sublimated to the sculpture
art of. The roof of the building of median strip such as Camponotus, span of up to 85 meters of
reinforced concrete curved spine. From the back to both sides pull cable roof, forming a span of 57
meters, an area of 5000 square meters of space, and the venue can accommodate 3000 spectators. The
ice arena entrance facing south, both sides have 6 smaller entrances, suddenly looked, it is like a piece
of opening of the large whale, and like a bent to the ground turtle, strange shapes novel, fluent curve.
The architectural style of simple, natural suspension structure is exposed outside, without any
modification; the structure itself is the best decoration. Some fiber flags hanging indoor suspension.
These not only to play the sound diffusion and diffusion effect, also active interior atmosphere. Yale
University Hockey Hall is a building, is a use of the materials and technology set up tents, and has the
rich imagination.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 644-650 5131
The scale USA college sports events, events, commercialization degree is high, every year from
the university to the school from the football, basketball, baseball, soccer, swimming, track and field,
to, from the National League, intercontinental, to the amateur level of Intercollegiate competition,
sports, business sponsorship, athletics level uneven. Extensive education mode and education concept
of different physical education teaching brings the diversity, extracurricular sports activities, the
architects will face more complex problems and contradictions.
Figure 3 Yale University Hockey Hall Figure 4 The Rose Bowl football field
USA University of Southern California Rose Bowl Stadium (Figure 4) is held in the American
University football finals every year. Founded i. Founded in Los Angeles in 1922, initially only 57000
seats, in 1928 increased to 76000, rising to 83000 in 1932, until the 1972 expansion to 105000. Held
a number of high level sports activities here. It is not only the world famous University of California at
Los Angeles Grizzlies football games at home, but also be host to the 1994 World Cup football match.
Here also has hosted the FIFA Women's World Cup and the Olympic games. At the same time it is the
world's largest flea market; formal name is "the market rose bowl flea fair". The second Sunday of
each month, the stadium is the huge crowds of people. Here is a superb collection of beautiful things
of goods, small gifts; antiques to large surf boards, Goods are available in all varieties. Although the
flea market from only 9 mornings officially opened, but we all know that the market will open the
door to greet the dawn in the early to the frenzied shoppers. The flea market is usually $5 tickets, but
as soon as possible people to advance into the shopping, you need to pay 10 to $15. The stadium can
accommodate more than 2000 vendors and their classification systems, so you can easily find the
goods. In antiques and collectibles area, you will find a lot of not to buy in the shop old rare items,
such as the lunch box or a movie poster. In the sale of new commercial area, you can also buy beauty
products, office furniture and even a pet food and other items.
Planning and design characteristics of sports facilities
In planning the design of university sports facilities American used in indoor, outdoor sports facilities
concentrated layout, outdoor sports facilities include track and field, soccer, rugby, hockey and
baseball and other large facilities, there are outdoor basketball, volleyball, tennis, basketball, handball,
no board of baseball and softball facilities etc. In the site layout, small facilities to avoid barracks style
arrangement reduce the monotony, active vision; large facilities also try to stagger emissions,
designed to facilitate traffic, vehicle and environment Landscape Park.
Stadium of Princeton University American (Fig. 5) was built in 1999, the size of 27800 people, a
total investment of 38000000 US dollars, won the award in 1999 in the United States in the selection
of sports facilities. The new stadium can hold all kinds of sports, such as football, soccer, lacrosse,
track and field; the site is 120m long, 74.68m wide. By the side of the stadium and low three high
stands, stands behind the high buildings provide ancillary accommodations for the stadium.
USA Steven of University of Florida Sports Center (Fig. 6) construction area of 20000 square
meters, mainly for college physical education teaching service, can carry out various sports training,
5132 Machine Tool Technology, Mechatronics and Information Engineering
held various sports competitions, every open time of 23 hours, the use of high efficiency. The center
can accommodate more than 1000 people were all kinds of activities; games use the audience seats
10000 seats to 2000 seats. Sports center around the spatial arrangement of the basketball, volleyball,
boxing, dance, fitness, weight lifting, swimming venue, make full use of building area, features many
advantages, to achieve comprehensive utilization of efficient multi-functional purpose.
Figure 5 Princeton University stadium Figure 6 Steven Sports Centre
Conclusion
Generally speaking, college sports architecture USA numerous, in addition to having large sports
venues to meet the competitive, business, entertainment and other social needs, and suitable for
different sports many small venues, from different levels, different levels to meet the university
students and social demand. Design of sports buildings USA universities on the overall environment
of the campus, the pursuit of environmental atmosphere of quiet, serene campus facilities, services
and ancillary facilities, allows users to fully feel the ubiquitous service and relaxed atmosphere, fully
embodies the concept of people-oriented. We should pay particular attention to is, American
University have a larger stadium, in addition to schools, the government is also agree with the social
stadiums built on campus. One is the school is willing to provide free land so as to greatly reduce the
construction cost; two is the construction to attract the participation of community residents, support
and sponsorship of sports stadiums; three is to let the community residents to the stadium the exercise;
four is a sports game easy to attract more audience students watching the game. So the government,
the school, the society from all walks of life have enthusiasm, to work together to build the university
sports buildings, this is very worthy of our reference and study.
References
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[2] Kazuo Ishii: Membrane Structures in Japan, Tokyo: SPS, 1995
[3] R.Sheard: The stadium, Singapore, Perilous, 2006
[4] Bart Lootsma. Super Dutch: New Architecture in the Netherland. New York: Princeton
Architectural Press, 2000
[5] Bart Lootsma. Super Dutch: New Architecture in the Netherland. New York: Princeton
Architectural Press, 2000
Machine Tool Technology, Mechatronics and Information Engineering
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Research on the Development of College Sports Architecture
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