ART APPRECIATION FINAL KNIFE MAKING

MODULE 3 ●​ process of manufacturing a knife by

ARTISAN V.S ARTIST any one or a combination of
processes: stock removal, forging to
ARTISAN shape, welded lamination or
●​ Artisans are craftsmen who work in investment cast.
textiles, pottery, glass and other ●​ "Knife Makers - Tibet, China"
areas. TANNING
●​ manual worker who makes items ●​ treating the skin or hide of the
with his or her hands, and who animal to make leather.
through skill, experience and talent ●​ "Leather Tanners - Fes, Morocco"
can create things of great beauty as FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
well as being functional. ●​ organization of design and color
ARTISTS towards creating an ambience using
●​ An artist on the other hand is flowers, foliage and other floral
dedicated only to the creative side, accessories.
making visually pleasing work only ●​ "Ikebana Flower Arrangers - Japan"
for the enjoyment and appreciation CALLIGRAPHY
of the viewer, but with no functional ●​ designing and producing
value. decorative lettering with a pen or
MEDIUM brush.
●​ material used to create artwork. ●​ "Calligraphers - Pakistan"
●​ Mediums can include paint or inks,
sculpting materials, fabric, glass, ARTISTS
and even sound or living people in 1.​ PAINTING - the expression of ideas
some cases. and emotions, with the creation of
TECHNIQUE certain aesthetic qualities, in a
●​ Five techniques used by artists to two-dimensional visual language
create fine art include drawing, 2.​ ILLUSTRATING - Illustrators are
painting, sculpture, printmaking, commissioned to create still
and photography. drawings and images to
●​ The methods and materials are communicate a story, message or
often combined to create new ways idea, which are then used in
to express their vision and mastery. advertisements, books,
GLASS BLOWING magazines, packaging, greeting
●​ the practice of shaping a mass of cards and newspapers.
glass that has been softened by heat 3.​ ACTING - representing a character
by blowing air into it through a tube. on a stage or before cameras.
●​ "Glass Blowers - Murano, Italy"
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 4.​ SINGING - production of musical assembling, cataloguing, managing,
tones by means of the human presenting and displaying artworks,
voice. cultural collections and artifacts.
7.​ ART CONSERVATOR - responsible
DIFFERENT JOB ROLES IN ART for restoring, preserving and
1.​ ART AGENT - represents an artist analysing artifacts and works of art.
working on their behalf to promote 8.​ ART HISTORIAN - Art historians
and sell their work. The role study art created in the past by
Involves negotiating individual Individuals, learning about artist
sales, commissions, licensing lives and their societies, and
deals, as well as organising seeking to interpret and
publicity, and seeking understand these works of art for
opportunities such as teaching and the preservation of the future
workshops generations.
2.​ ART CONSULTANT/ADVISER - Art 9.​ ART CRITIC - specialises in
consultants also known as art interpreting, analysing and
advisors act as an intermediary evaluating art. Art critics produce
between artists, galleries and written critiques or reviews.
auction houses, and buyers by 10.​ ART VALUER - Similar to an art
helping people such as art auctioneer an art valuer gives
collectors select and acquire art for advice on how much a work of art or
their home, business, or collection a collection of art is worth.
as well as help them sell paintings
they no longer need. WHO MAKES ART IN THE PHILIPPINES?
3.​ ART DEALER - An art dealer is a ●​ In the Philippine setting, we have
person or company that buys and the National Artists and GAMABA
sells works of art with the aim of Awardees recognized as experts in
making a profit. their own field.
4.​ ART AUCTIONEER - works on
behalf of their clients to sell pieces NATIONAL ARTISTS
of art for the highest possible price. ●​ Classical Western Arts
The art auctioneer is responsible for ●​ The Order of National Artists (Order
setting the price of the artwork. ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is
5.​ GALLERY OWNER/MANAGER - the highest national recognition given
chooses and presents art for sale. to Filipino individuals who have made
Galleries may specialise in specific significant contributions to the
areas. development of Philippine arts,
6.​ CURATOR - in charge of a namely: Music, Dance, Theater,
collection of exhibits in a museum Visual Arts, Literature, Film,
or art gallery, and is responsible for Broadcast Arts, and Architecture and
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 Allied Arts. The order is jointly marble, bronze, iron, alabaster, coral,
administered by the National and brass.
Commission for Culture and the Arts (LITERATURE ,1976)
and the Cultural Center of the ●​ In his generation, NICK JOAQUIN
Philippines and conferred by the was the greatest writer of Philippine
President of the Philippines upon Literature in English. He was one of
recommendation by both institutions. the most prolific writers of his age,
and was still writing and refusing to
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS retire until his death finally took him
(PAINTING, 1972) in 2004 at the age of 86. He penned
●​ FERNANDO C. AMOROSOLO is the classics such as May Day Eve and
first National Artist of the Philippines. The Summer Solstice, which are also
He was posthumously recognized in some of his most important works
1972 for his portraits which taught in schools nationwide.
showcase his impeccable mastery of (LITERATURE , 2006)
the painterly style and the ●​ BIENVENIDO LUMBERA is
manipulation of light and water. acknowledged as one of the pillars of
Some of his most beloved works contemporary Philippine Literature
feature countryside scenes (1946 to the 1970s), along with Nick
showcasing the colors of the Joaquin and few others. He
Philippine sun. specialized in poetry and drama.
(SCULPTURE, 1973) His most important works were
●​ GUILLERMO TOLENTINO is one of produced during the Martial Law
the greatest sculptors in Philippine years: Tales of the Manuvu; Rama,
history. His works are immortalized Hari, Nasa Puso ang Amerika;
as national monuments, the most Bayani, Noli me Tangere: The
prominent of which is the Bonifacio Musical, and Hibik at Himagsik
Monument, which was unveiled in Nina Victoria Laktaw.
1933. Instead of basing the figures (SCULPTURE, 2006)
from printed photos or Katipuneros, ●​ ABDULMARI ASIA IMAO is the first
Tolentino actually interviewed some Filipino Muslim to receive the
of them to get an idea of how to recognition. His expertise is working
correctly execute the sculpture. on metal brass casting and ceramic
(SCULPTURE, 1976) sculpture. His themes are sometimes
●​ NAPOLEAN ABUEVA is hailed as influenced by Islamic culture. He is
the "Father of Modern Philippine known for intricate works using the
Sculpture." Abueva made seemingly okir and sarimanok designs
easy work out of hardwood, adobe, (COMICS, 2014)
metal, stainless steel, cement, ●​ FRANCISCO COCHING was
regarded as the "Pillar of the
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 Philippine Komiks Industry." He was Lupa, Asedillo, and Durugin si Totoy
the creator of iconic Philippine Bato.
Komiks characters such as Hagibis,
Pedro Penduko, and Sabas, Ang MUSIC (2018)
Barbero. ●​ RYAN CAYABYAB is one of the most
FILM/BROADCAST ARTS (1997) well-known composers of our time,
●​ LINO BROCKA is one of the rare thanks to his compositions
heavyweights in the Philippine film penetrating pop culture. He formed
industry for his ability to produce the iconic singing group Smokey
multiple masterpieces that earned Mountain in the '90s. As a
international critical acclaim. Some of composer, Cayabyab is a go-to
Brocka's landmark films were musician for movie sound tracks. He
produced in the '70s: Tinimbang Ka is also credited for hit songs like
Ngunit Kulang, Maynila sa Kuko ng "Tuwing Umuulan," which was
Liwanag, and Insiang. popularized by Regine Velasquez.
CINEMA (2001) DANCE (1973)
●​ ISHMAEL BERNAL is responsible ●​ FRANCISCA REYES AQUINO is
for directing iconic films that defined credited for her unparalleled and
Filipino pop culture in the '60s and extensive research on Philippine
70s, such as Working Girls, Tisoy, folk dance and traditional games.
and Playboy. His most prominent She painstakingly described,
film, however, is Himala which illustrated, and recorded these in her
starred Nora Aunor. Himala gained 1926 thesis titled "Philippine Folk
international critical acclaim, Dances and Games." Because of
winning numerous awards from Aquino, Philippine folk dance and
various circuits and film festivals traditional games are preserved
around the world. and immortalized in school
FILM (2006) curriculums nationwide as part of
●​ FERNANDO POE JR. is Physical Education.
affectionately known as FPJ and Da
King, and was arguably the most GAMABA AWARDEES
popular action star of Philippine ●​ art of indigenous cultural
cinema. His career spanned several communities
decades until his death in 2004 at the
age of 65. At the age of 14, he GAMAWA AWARDEE
landed a starring role in the movie FOLK LITERATURE
Anak ni Palaris. Some of the most ●​ GINAW BILOG was recognized for
notable roles he played were in the preservation of the surat
movies such as Mga Alabok ng Mangyan, or Mangyan script and the
ambahan, a metaphoric poem with
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 seven-syllable lines etched on charge and they learn about the
bamboo tubes used in conveying music and dance of their ancestors.
messages among the Hanunuo He mastered not only the Kalinga
Mangyan of southern Mindoro. musical instruments but also the
MUSIC dance patterns and movements
●​ SAMAON SULAIMAN was known associated with his people's
for his mastery of the indigenous rituals.
kutyapi instrument. By the time he
was 35 years old, he was already MODULE 4
recognized in Maganoy for his skills ART HISTORY
in playing the instrument as well as
being a teacher to aspiring kutyapi DEFINITION OF ART HISTORY
practitioners. ●​ Art history is the study of objects of
TEXTILE WEAVING art considered within their time
●​ DARHATA SAWABI is a Filipino period.
weaver from Parang, Sulu known for ●​ Art historians analyze visual arts'
pis syabit, a traditional Tausüg meaning at the time they were
cloth tapestry worn as a head created.
covering by the people of Jolo. ●​ The history of art is often told as a
TRADITIONAL PERFORMING ARTS chronology of masterpieces
●​ UWANG AHADAS is a gifted created during each civilization. It
musician from Bohe Bessey, can thus be framed as a story of high
Lamitan, and a member of the culture, epitomized by the Wonders
Lamitan Yakan Family Ensemble, is of the World.
a recognized master of traditional
Yakan instrumental music in the EVOLUTION OF ASIAN ART
entire Yakan domain. He learned ●​ History marks the beginning with
the fundamentals of playing the Hindu and Buddhist art around the
instruments of the peregeyan 5th century BCE.
kwintangan from observing the ●​ These ancient religions were
Yakan elders. These instruments largely represented by an
have since been Uwang's constant introspective way of life, and their
companions followers adorned their temples
TRADITIONAL PERFORMING ARTS with elaborately carved walls and
●​ ALONZO SACLAG guaranteed that stone statues.
his knowledge in the performing arts
is passed on to others. He formed PAINTING
the Kalinga Budong Dance Troupe. ●​ The early Buddhists believed in
He takes the young men and many sacred symbols pertaining to
women who come to him under his the travels of Gautama Buddha and
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 his search for enlightenment in the THE EMERALD BUDDHA
early 6th century BCE. One of ●​ Wat Phra Kaew, commonly known in
those symbols, the mandala, English as the Temple of the
represented the universe and Emerald Buddha and officially as
became an important aspect of Wat Phra Si Rattana Satsadaram,
Buddhist paintings as it often is regarded as the most sacred
signified a space for meditation and Buddhist temple in Thailand. The
trance induction. Emerald Buddha has seasonal
PAINTING TITLED, "BUDDHA AND THE costumes, which are changed
FIVE PLANETS" BY CHANG HUAI. ceremonially three times a year.
●​ The Bhutanese, in particular, painted THE KINKAKU KYOTO
elaborate "thangkas," or paintings ●​ Kinkaku-ji, officially named
on cloth, that depicted traditional Rokuon-ji, is a Zen Buddhist
Buddhist iconography with temple in Kyoto, Japan. It is one of
beautiful mineral paints and strong the most popular buildings in
geometric shapes. Kyoto, attracting many visitors
A TRADITIONAL CHINESE PAINTING annually.
TITLED, "I0 QUATS AND MOUNTAIN FORBIDDEN CITY IN CHINA
BIRD." ●​ Located in the centre of Beijing, the
●​ The Chinese, however, adopted a Forbidden City was the imperial
slightly different painting technique. palace from the Ming Dynasty to the
Using techniques derived from the end of the Qing Dynasty.
practice of calligraphy, where a MO I HƯA (JASMINE FLOWER)
brush was dipped into colorful ink, ●​ A Chinese folk song dates back to
they painted stunning works of the 18th century. Over time, many
portraits and landscapes upon silk regional variations were created, and
cloth. the song gained popularity both in
China and abroad.
●​ 6th Century mural painting from the ARIRANG (MY BELOVED ONE)
famous Ajanta Caves, located in ●​ It is a popular form of Korean folk
Maharashtra, Western India. song and the outcome of collective
STONE CARVINGS FROM THE SHORE contributions made by ordinary
TEMPLE. Koreans throughout generations.
●​ The Indians, for instance, created
the Shore Temple in PREHISTORIC (BEFORE C. 3000 B.O.E.)
Mamallapuram. Its walls became ●​ The Neolithic revolution is when
the canvas as artists depicted the our ancestors learned to farm and
stories and families of Hindu deities domesticate animals, allowing them
upon them. to evolve from a nomadic lifestyle to
permanent settlements. This let
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 them build cities, civilizations and (marriage and divorce), as well as
eventually art. The oldest cave criminal law (assault, theft) and civil
paintings known are about 40,800 law (slavery, debt). "An Eye for an
years old. Anthropologists believe Eye"
that Neanderthals made some of the ●​ HAMMURABI'S CODE WAS
earliest images, usually depicting CARVED ONTO A MASSIVE,
themselves as stick figures and FINGER-SHAPED BLACK STONE
animals. STELE (PILLAR) THAT WAS
LOOTED BY INVADERS AND
ANCIENT (C. 3000 B.C.E. TO C. 400 C.E.) FINALLY REDISCOVERED IN 1901.
●​ Ancient art was produced by GOD FROM THE SEA, ZEUS OR
advanced civilizations, which in this POSEIDON (C 470BC)
case refers to those with an ●​ This majestic bronze, found in the
established written language. sea off Greece, conveys the magic
These civilizations included of Greek mythology. The god -
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and probably Zeus, lord of Olympus
those of the Americas. Ancient himself - is caught in the act of
Egypt, ancient Greece, the hurling a thunderbolt. His body is
Etruscans, and the Romans were charged with divine power, and yet,
some of the first to create the earliest it is a human body, neither colossal
naturalistic images of human beings. nor ethereal but the mirror of
Realistic sculptures and busts ourselves. The Greek gods are
became one of the most praised human, all too human, and their
forms of artwork of the time. Most petty squabbles cause wars and
popularly, out of this period came the sorrow in the world.
Ancient Greek sculpture of Zeus or
Poseidon. MIDDLE AGES
CODE OF HAMMURABI CIRCA 1792 (C. 400 C.E. TO C. 1400 C.E.)
AND CIRCA 1750 B.C. ●​ Art in the Middle Ages also called
●​ Code of Hammurabi, the most "Dark Ages" was restricted to the
complete and perfect extant teachings of the Church, with a
collection of Babylonian laws, heavy focus on literature. Paintings
developed during the reign of during this time were minimal, with
Hammurabi (1792-1750 BCE) of the portrait paintings being incredibly
1st dynasty of Babylon. It consists rare. Religious or Christian art
of his legal decisions that were typically consisted of illuminated
collected toward the end of his manuscripts, mosaics and fresco
reign. These 282 case laws include paintings and all featured mostly dull
economic provisions (prices, tariffs, and muted colors.
trade, and commerce), family law
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 ●​ SIMONE MARTINI. SOLD FOR EARLY MODERN (C. 1600 - 1800)
$4,114,500. ●​ Art during this period saw a shift from
●​ MOSAIC OF JESUS CHRIST IN realistic to romantic images, which
THE CEILING OF THE CHORA encouraged art to evoke emotion.
CHURCH (KARIYE MUSEUM) IN Romantics hoped to transform the
ISTANBUL, TURKEY. world into a new Golden Age
through the power of literature,
RENAISSANCE (C. 1400 TO 1600) music, art and imagination.
●​ Known as the rebirth of art and THE SCREAM BY EDVARD MUNCH
culture in ancient Greece and Rome, ●​ The agonized face in the painting
the Renaissance period saw an has become one of the most iconic
explosion in the appreciation of art, images of art, seen as symbolizing
music and theater. It was also during the anxiety of the human condition.
this time that the printing press was COUNTRY ROAD IN PROVENCE BY
invented, which made books more NIGHT BY VINCENT VAN GOGH
widely available and increased the ●​ It is the last painting Van Gogh
literacy rates in Europe unlike ever produced whilst staying at the
before. hospital. Road with Cypress and
●​ The High Renaissance, which Star reflects the painter's feeling that
lasted from 1490 to 1527, produced he would soon die.
influential artists such as Leonardo
da Vincci, Michelangelo, Raphael, MODERN (AFTER C. 1800)
and Donatello each of whom ●​ Modern artists experimented with
brought creative power and new ways of seeing and with fresh
spearheaded ideals of emotional ideas about the nature of materials
expression. and function of art. Artists shifted
●​ SCHOOL OF ATHENS BY away from traditional techniques
RAPHAEL and themes and moved toward
●​ Michelangelo's famous nudes on more abstract pieces. During the
the Sistine Chapel ceiling borrow late modern era, technology and art
from ancient Roman art forms, fused. Modern art is specific to a
such as the so-called Belvedere period and should not be confused
torso. with contemporary art which is being
●​ THE CREATION OF ADAM BY produced today.
MICHELANGELO ●​ WASSILY KANDINSKY, THEMA:
●​ THE LAST SUPPER (1498) - SPITZ
LEONARDO DA VINCI ●​ PIET MONDRIAN - COMPOSITION
O (NO.111) WITH RED. YELLOW,
AND BLUE

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CONTEMPORARY ART (1970-PRESENT) PHILIPPINES
●​ The 1970s marked the beginning of ●​ Even before colonizers came,
contemporary art, which extends indigenous Filipinos already had
through the present day. This their own art, literature, and
period is dominated by various architecture.
schools and smaller movements that ●​ It includes their cultures and rituals.
emerged. Contemporary art Their Literature has two forms,
movements include Pop Art, which are the oral-chants, stories
Postmodernism, The Pictures and songs, and written- cave
Generation, Neo-Expressionism, drawings and writings. They also
Photorealism, Capitalist Realism, have two kinds of visual arts-
The YBAs, Relational Aesthetics, paintings and sculptures.
Altermodern and much, much more.
●​ JEFF KOONS. EASYFUN- ISLAM
ETHEREAL, ,2002 ●​ It started when an Arab named
●​ MAURIZIO CATTELAN KAPUT, 2013 Sayyid Abbubakar came here in the
Philippines, specifically in Sulu. He
THE STONEHENGE spread the religion called Arabic
●​ Stonehenge is a prehistoric mostly in Mindanao and was
monument on Salisbury Plain in embraced by the Magindanaoan,
Wiltshire, England. It is the most Tausog, Yakan, Samal, and Badjao.
architecturally sophisticated ●​ The church that they call the Mosque
prehistoric stone circle in the world, is one of their prime architectures.
while Avebury is the largest in the The Grand Mosque of Cotabato,
world. also known as Sultan Hassanal
ATHENS: PARTHENON Bolkiah Grand Masjid, sits on a
●​ The Parthenon is a former temple 5-hectare property donated by a
on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, former Maguindanao
that was dedicated to the goddess congressman.
Athena during the fifth century BC.
THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA CHRISTIANITY
●​ The Great Pyramid of Giza is the ●​ It all started when a Portuguese
largest Egyptian pyramid and the explorer, Ferdinand Magellan
tomb of Fourth Dynasty pharaoh arrived here in the Philippines. This
Khufu. Built in the 26th century BC era was focused on Christianity and
during a period of around 27 years, Catholicism.
it is the oldest of the Seven Wonders ●​ A lot of architectures were introduced
of the Ancient World, and the only such as the Catholic Church that is
one to remain largely intact. formed like a Latin cross, churches
are designed with Baroque features
9
 and details. Plazas were built and from being the colony of Spain,
Bahay na Bato/ Bahay na Tisa also Americans took over. Most
became the primary shelter of the architectures were modernized and
people. cities had a major development in
TAAL BASTICA this era.
●​ The Taal Basilica, canonically ●​ BONIFACIO MONUMENT (1933) BY
known as the Minor Basilica of Saint GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
Martin of Tours, is a minor basilica ●​ UP OBLATION (1935) BY
in the town of Taal, Batangas, in the GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
Philippines, within the Archdiocese
of Lipa. It is considered to be the ●​ Various art like abstract, public
largest church in the Philippines painting, modern and, conservative
and in Asia, standing 88.6 meters arts were introduced. Medias such as
long and 48 meters wide. Multimedia, mixed media and Trans
●​ MAGELLAN'S CROSS IN CEBU media were introduced. Modern
Architectures like malls, real-estates,
KUNDIMAN condos, hotels, resorts, commercial
●​ a way to please or court loved buildings and many more
ones, love songs are used. architectures were built.
CARIÑOSA
●​ the fan or handkerchief plays an
instrumental role as it places the
couple in a romance scenario
TINIKING
●​ The dance involves at least two
people beating, tapping, and
sliding bamboo poles on the
ground and against each other in
coordination with one or more
dancers who step over and in
between the poles in a dance.

●​ Theaters are finally introduced for

entertainment. Sarzuela, Senakulo,
Komedya, Moro-moro and Araguio
are examples of the theater art that is
shown in this period.
●​ Further, the visual arts that were
established are mostly to show
rebellion against Spain. After winning
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