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Arithmetic Progression Detailed

The document provides an introduction to sequences and series, explaining their definitions and differences, with examples. It details arithmetic progressions (A.P.), including the concept of common difference and formulas for the nth term and the sum of the first n terms. Key formulas and examples are included to illustrate how to solve A.P. problems.

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128 views10 pages

Arithmetic Progression Detailed

The document provides an introduction to sequences and series, explaining their definitions and differences, with examples. It details arithmetic progressions (A.P.), including the concept of common difference and formulas for the nth term and the sum of the first n terms. Key formulas and examples are included to illustrate how to solve A.P. problems.

Uploaded by

Kasiv72
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Sequences
• • A sequence is an ordered list of numbers
following a certain rule.
• • Examples:
• - 2, 4, 6, 8, ... (each number is 2 more than
the previous one)
• - 30, 27, 24, ... (each number is 3 less than
the previous one)
• - 2, 4, 16, 256, ... (each term is square of the
previous one)
2. What is a Series?
• • When the terms of a sequence are
connected using '+' or '-' signs, it becomes a
series.
• Examples:
• - 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ...
• - 2 – 4 – 6 – 8 – ...
• • Sequence and series are often used
interchangeably.
3. Understanding Progression
• • A progression is a sequence where each
term is related to the next by a definite rule.
• • Example: 3, 7, 11, 15 → each term increases
by 4.
• • Special type: Arithmetic Progression (A.P.).
4. What is an A.P.?
• • A sequence in which the difference between
any two consecutive terms is constant.
• • This constant is called the 'common
difference (d)'.
• • General form of A.P.: a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, ...
• Example: 5, 8, 11, 14, ... (d = 3)
5. Common Difference (d)
• • d = t₂ - t₁ = t₃ - t₂ = ...
• • If d > 0 → increasing A.P.
• • If d < 0 → decreasing A.P.
• • If d = 0 → constant A.P.
• Example: 12, 8, 4, 0, ... (d = -4)
6. General Term of an A.P.
• • The nth term (tₙ) of an A.P. is:
• tₙ = a + (n - 1)d
• Example: Find A.P. if tₙ = 2n – 3
• → t₁ = -1, t₂ = 1, t₃ = 3, t₄ = 5
• → A.P. = -1, 1, 3, 5
7. Sum of First n Terms (Sₙ)
• • Sₙ = n/2 [2a + (n – 1)d] or
• Sₙ = n/2 (a + l), where l is the last term
• • Used to find the total of the first 'n' terms in
A.P.
8. Example: Sum of 10 Terms
• Find sum of first 10 terms of: 8, 4, 0, -4, -8, ...
• • a = 8, d = -4, n = 10
• • S = n/2 [2a + (n – 1)d] = 10/2 × [2×8 + 9×(–
4)]
• • S = 5 × (16 – 36) = 5 × (–20) = –100
9. Example: A.P. with Given Terms
• Given:
• • 4th term = 8 → a + 3d = 8
• • 6th term = 14 → a + 5d = 14
• Solving:
• a = –1, d = 3
• Now, S₄₀ = 40/2 [2×(–1) + (40–1)×3]
• = 20 [–2 + 117] = 20 × 115 = 2300
10. Recap and Key Formulas
• • tₙ = a + (n – 1)d
• • Sₙ = n/2 [2a + (n – 1)d] or Sₙ = n/2 (a + l)
• • Common difference (d) = t₂ – t₁
• • Use these to solve A.P. problems easily!

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