INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
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1.0 Introduction
Corruption is a problem faced by many countries around the world. Corruption is dishonest
or criminal conduct that uses personal power and position to gain or abuse power illegally.
Today, corruption is a major challenge faced by all countries. Many developing countries are
facing high national debt due to corruption. If it is more serious, the country may go
bankrupt, such as Sri Lanka. Corruption has become a culture in many countries. We can
often use bribery in business, such as between companies, businesses, and the public sector.
Corruption is a kind of behavior that is born from the greed of social culture and human
nature, which is very contrary to people's moral values and the moral bottom line that a
person should have.
2.0 Define corruption
Corruption refers to the fact that powerful executives accept improper money or gifts from
corrupt elements for the purpose of conveying benefits. In short, influencers help each other
for their own or their friends' business interests. The funds are then used to support dubious
businesses, such as grey area deals.
2.1 Type of Corruption
These are few types of corruption
2.2 Bribery
Bribery is the most common form of corruption that is to ask or offer anything of value in
exchange for, some commercial convenience. For example, politicians choose to use money
to bribe relevant personnel to consolidate their position. In some countries, you can still see a
ticket issued by the police, giving the police some "kopi money" can be exempted from the
penalty of the ticket.
2.3 Fraud
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Fraud is publishing dishonest news or deliberately concealing the truth of the facts. For
example, in some democratic countries, dishonest means are implemented in political
selection, which violates the fairness of selection.
2.4 Network
A recent new type of online bribery is non-fungible tokens, which are used for bribery
because of the inability to value the virtual item and the imperfection of the relevant laws.
3.0 Strategy that Effective Against Corruption
There is some strategy that is effective against corruption.
3.1 Transparent system
I think the strategy of transparent information can be used, for example, the top management
and employees of government departments must be transparent about their sources of
income. Not only that, politicians and large corporations who want to participate in the
government tender program must disclose any income and cannot accept gifts of more than
RM100 in any form.
3.2 Globalization fights corruption
The second effective strategy is to use the Internet to strengthen global cross-border arrests
and hunt down cross-border fugitives. Don’t let corrupt elements think that if they flee to a
foreign country, they will not be punished because corrupt elements abscond or transfer
stolen money to other countries. There is no conflict between the relevant laws between the
home countries, and the legal sanctions of the home country are easily evaded. In view of
this, the government should gradually establish an anti-corruption international cooperation
mechanism for law enforcement cooperation, judicial assistance, repatriation of personnel
and return of foreign-related funds. But even so, the inconvenience of international
communication still makes our government must face many obstacles to international
cooperation and anti-corruption. Fortunately, the "globalization" of information links on the
Internet provides an environment and conditions for countries to communicate and interact in
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real-time over time and space, making it feasible for multinationals to cooperate in the pursuit
of cross-border fugitives and jointly combat transnational duty crimes.
4.0 Is corruption influenced by our society and culture?
Yes, I think corruption is influenced by our society and culture, to put it bluntly corruption
has become one of the cultures of our country. For example, taking a driver's license test can
still be "Bao", "Bao" means giving money to the examiner to get a car and this is what most
people will do by default. Not only that, the culture of corruption in Malaysia can be said to
permeate every corner of the Malaysian society, from the Prime Minister embezzling trillions
of dollars to the tens of ringgits of "coffee money" from the traffic police, you can see the
rampant corruption culture. The people have even become accustomed to this culture of
corruption, thinking that "corruption doesn't matter, as long as things can be done well". In
Malaysian society, corruption is widely recognized to speed up the efficiency of the public
sector What will cause this situation is that Malaysia is a multicultural country. Under the
cultural collision between various ethnic groups, the society reflects the concept that money
can solve most problems.
Moreover, the ingrained idea of wanting to use money to get a win-win situation in
Malaysian society and the government's efforts to crack down on corruption have little
deterrent effect, so more and more people acquiesce to this corrupt culture.
5.0 Relationship between corruption and democracy
The relationship between corruption and democracy is a protective layer for corrupt elements.
Democracy means getting seats and some power in general elections by means of bribery. So,
my own view is that in a country with a large proportion of illiterate and poor people, the
democratic system can easily be exploited by corrupt elements, thus becoming a legal cloak
to protect their corruption. Corrupt officials can be elected through bribery and other means,
so that their corrupt behaviours can be legally protected. This is the case in India, the
Philippines, and many countries in Africa. According to the news on the Internet, why the
progress of literacy in India is so slow, I think literacy is the responsibility of the local
government. The more illiterate and ignorant the local people are, the better it will be for
politicians. This explanation may be a bit extreme, but it also tells part of the truth. India also
has problems such as low economic level, low wages for civil servants, too much red tape in
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the government, and too much power for officials, which creates many opportunities for
corrupt rent-seeking behaviour.
6.0 Business integrity and corruption
Business integrity is a business principle that all enterprises must have, and the principle of
good faith is the basic business standard. Business integrity simply means not to deceive
consumers and use vague information to sell the company's products or services to
consumers. Some businesses will have their own business integrity code to prevent their
businesses from facing corruption like Solvay.
Into the company's obligation to comply with applicable laws and regulations, the Group's
employees also have an employee code to follow. The Group encourages every employee to
report corruption issues when they discover them. The Group combats a culture of corruption
by giving employees the utmost protection and ensuring that employees who report are not
subject to retaliation. The group will not use corrupt means to obtain unfair competitive
advantage and want to an ethical approach and the highest integrity achieve success. The
Group will not enter contracts that distort, eliminate or hinder competition business
agreements that are or provide an improper competitive advantage.
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7.0 Law and Enforcement
Malaysia has established a special anti-corruption commission to deal with cases related to
corruption and bribery and has corresponding laws to punish corrupt elements. Among them,
the legal definition and enforcement of corruption are strictly enforced.
Improperly soliciting or accepting bribes in return for doing or not doing something is a
breach of Malaysia's corruption laws and punishable by fines and jail time.
This link for news （https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/432865）
For example, the former director of the State Engineering Bureau was sentenced to 15
months in prison for corruption. Former director of the Melaka Public Works Department
Karioma was convicted of 13 counts of corruption and five counts of money laundering over
RM5.4 million, jailed for 15 months and fined RM36 million.
On the same day, the trial judge made the above judgment after the defines could not raise
reasonable doubts.
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Mohd Nasir Nordin was sentenced to 15 months in jail for each of the corruption charges; as
for the remaining 5 money laundering charges, he was also sentenced to 15 months in prison
and a total fine of RM36 million. However, if the fine cannot be paid, each charge of money
laundering is replaced by five months in prison.
In other words, Karioma was jailed for a total of 22 years and 6 months. However, since all
the sentences will be executed concurrently from today, the accused only needs to be jailed
for 15 months and fined RM36 million.
8.0 Transparency and open government
To put it simply, in the process of making public policies, open government gradually puts
four elements of transparency, participation, accountability and inclusiveness into the
process, which is the way to implement open government.
8.1 Transparency
To meet the requirements of open government, government needs to be transparent. Politics
is a national concern, so the policy process should make it clear to the public for example
what new policies are being issued for and how much money the government is allocating to
the development program. And the sooner information is made available, the easier it will be
for the public to understand what the public sector is doing, and the better chance there will
be for mutual trust and further partnership when the information gap is narrowed.
8.2 Participation
When the government decides to implement a new policy, the official website can be used to
give the public the opportunity to participate in the discussion and express their views on the
issues of interest, and even further influence the content of the policy. That way, while it
takes more time for the public sector to build consensus, there is less risk of popular
opposition or even reversals once the policy is formed
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9.0 Public awareness
Nowadays the public is very disgusted with corruption but in some countries like Malaysia it
is tacit in the public consciousness to bribe for their own convenience or income. So, to fight
corruption and correct public awareness is a priority. How can we effectively cultivate public
awareness? I think we can subconsciously change the minds of the public. For example, the
films and posters promoting anti-corruption make the nation feel that corruption is shameful.
Of course, the government should set an example and establish a good image to make the
public feel that the government is reliable. The government can also hold anti-corruption
campaign, the whole people together campaign to break down the concept of the people's
class people government has good relations. This can also be effective in raising public
awareness.
10.0 Education and corruption
Education is a fundamental human right and a widely accepted means of transforming one's
life. But the sad truth is that education is the field most vulnerable to corruption. The vast
resources allocated by the government are often swallowed up in complex management
layers, but from the central government to local schools, there is not enough oversight. In
Nigeria, this loophole has made for more than two years at least 21 million dollars was lost.
In Kenya, at least twice that amount has been lost in five years. 1 by with the government
unable to guarantee free education, about $5.8 billion a year (2010) of foreign aid for basic
education is flowing those least able to ensure that funds reach the targets most needed are
corrupted.
The importance of education makes it an easy target for manipulation. Those who provide
education services are clearly able to extract advantages from others, and in fact are often
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driven to do so. People feel undervalued and underpaid because corruption is rife, raising
their expectations of reward. Parents, meanwhile, are driven by a natural desire to get the best
educational opportunities for their children without being aware of illegal and unreasonable
fees.
So, if you want to eliminate the idea of corruption from the next generation completely, I
suggest that parental participation and supervision at the school level is one of the ways to
improve the corruption in schools, especially for those poor parents to get a fair education
environment for them. And anti-corruption measures must not be divorced from the realities
of the environment and must clearly explain what parental involvement means. Training and
awareness-raising systems should be established in school governing boards and adequate
funding should be ensured.
11.0 Corruptions affect economic growth
The business and investment environment has significantly deteriorated due to corruption,
which has also hampered healthy economic growth. Some local government employees use
cards to their advantage, which negatively impacts both the zeal for foreign investment and
the production and administration of businesses. What's worse is that corruption impairs the
market economy's operating principles and hinders the efficient implementation of economic
reform. Corruption drastically decreases and dissipates the efficiency of resource allocation,
threatens the market order of fair competition, and significantly raises the price of
transactions for businesses and markets. The idea of equitable distribution undermined by
corruption leads to severe inequity in distribution. At the expense of losing governmental
assets and harming the interests of the people, all the corrupt individuals get wealthy.
Corruption undermines the basic law of social distribution, widening the income gap,
seriously undermining social equity, and reducing overall economic efficiency. Not only so
corruption seriously affects the reform, development, and stability of state-owned enterprises.
At present, some State-owned enterprises are still in difficulties. Some are on the verge of
bankruptcy, others are in a state of semi-production suspension, and many workers are laid
off without pay. One of the main reasons is that some leading officials of these enterprises are
corrupt, bribe-taking, embezzlement, and wasteful spending. Some central soes have even
suffered systemic and corrupt practices. A batch of "state-owned enterprise moth" hide
among them, nibble state-owned assets. Not only will the economic system collapse, but if it
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is serious, the national debt will continue to increase and the country will go bankrupt, and
eventually the entire population will be burdened with the national debt.
12.0 Conclusion
Finally, the culture of corruption has poisoned our society and our country for a long time.
Although the corruption is still going on, I see many measures to combat it and I believe that
there is hope for my country and the people still believe that they can live in a fair and
democratic country. I hope the whole country can unite to build a bright and corruption-free
culture as soon as possible.
13.0 References
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