DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

B. Tech. – Biotechnology

CURRICULUMmole
AND SYLLABUS
2021

KALASALINGAM ACADEMY OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

(Deemed to be University)
Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil - 626 126
 Institute Vision Institute Mission
To be a University of Excellence of 1. To provide a scholarly teaching learning
International Repute in Education and ambience which results in creating
Research
graduates equipped with skills and acumen
to solve real-life problems
2. To promote research and create knowledge
for human welfare, rural and societal
development
3. To nurture entrepreneurial ambition,
industrial and societal connect by creating
an environment through which innovators
and leaders emerge.
Department Vision Department Mission
To be a department of excellence in 1. To imbibe the ability of critical thinking,
quality education and research in the scholastic attitude and provide solutions for
critical problems.
multidisciplinary areas of Biotechnology.
2. To embed acumen of life-long learning and
zeal to pursue research in various disciplines of
Biotechnology.
3. To nurture the ability to create sustainable
solutions with a blend of socio-ethical
understanding.
Program Educational Objectives (B.Tech - Biotechnology)
PEO1 - Graduates will attain a general level of competence in order to pursue advanced
courses and / or acquire specialized training and skills relevant to their professions.
PEO2 - Graduates will be engineering practitioners and leaders in public and private sector
undertakings, who would help solve industry’s technological problems and serve our society.
PEO3 - Graduates will learn to uphold ethical conduct in their professions, have effective
communication skills, and an affinity towards lifelong learning.

2
 Program Outcomes
Engineering Graduates will be able to:
1. Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems

and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern Tool Usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.

6. The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.

7. Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering

solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.

9. Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or

leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.

11. Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

12. Life-Long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

3
 Program Specific Objectives (PSO)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

PSO1: Identify and analyze the problems related to biopharmaceutical production,
agricultural production and bioinformatics, and develop solutions to these through
appropriate methods, aided by their knowledge of engineering.

PSO2: Apply their knowledge for the investigation of complex problems in the
manufacture of biological products; and in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of
diseases, using cutting–edge technologies, to promote the health and well–being of
society.

PSO3: Recognize the need for a clean environment and optimize the use of natural
resources for sustainability, either individually or as a team, governed by ethical
considerations.

4
 B.TECH. BIOTECHNOLOGY
CURRICULUM STRUCTURE
S.No Curriculum Component Credits
I Foundation Core 44
II Program Core 52
III Program Elective 24
IV University Elective Courses 16
V Experiential Core 16
Design Project 6
Capstone 10
VI Experiential Elective 8
(CSP/Internship/UG Research /Competitions)
Total Credits 160

5
 FOUNDATION CORE COURSES

S. No. Course Code Course name L T P X C

1. 211ENG1301 English for Engineers 2 0 0 3 3
2. 211PHY1301 Physics 3 0 2 0 4
3. 211MAT1301 Calculus and Linear Algebra 3 2 0 0 4
4. 211MEC1201 Introduction to Engineering Visualization 0 0 2 3 2
5. 211CSE1401 Problem Solving using computer 1 0 2 3 3
Programming
6. 211BIT1101 Biology for Engineers 3 0 0 0 3
7. 211EEE1301 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3 0 2 0 4
8. 211CHY1301 Chemistry 3 0 2 0 4
9. 211MAT1303 Multiple Integration, ODE and complex 3 0 2 0 4
variable
10. 211MEC1401 Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 1 0 2 3 3
11. 211CSE1402 Python Programming 1 0 2 3 3
12. 211ECE1301 IoT Sensors and Devices 1 0 0 3 2
13. 211MEC1301 Innovation and Entrepreneurship 1 0 0 3 2
14. 211MAT1302 Statistics for Engineers 2 0 0 3 3
Credits 44

PROGRAMME CORE COURSES

S. No. Course Code Course name L T P X C

1 212BIT1301 Microbiology 3 0 2 0 4
2 212BIT1302 Biochemistry 3 0 2 0 4
3 212BIT1303 Cell and Molecular Biology 3 0 2 0 4
4 212CHE1304 Principles of Chemical Engineering 3 1 2 0 5
5 212BIT1304 Bioinformatics 3 0 2 3 5
7 212BIT2305 Bioprocess Principles 3 1 2 0 5
8 212BIT2306 Genetic Engineering 3 1 2 0 5
9 212BIT3307 Biochemical Engineering 3 1 2 3 6
10 212BIT3308 Immunology 3 1 2 0 5
11 212BIT3309 Bio separations: Principles and Applications 3 1 2 3 6
12 212MAT2302 Numerical Methods and Laplace Transforms 3 0 0 0 3
Credits 52

6
 PROGRAMME ELECTIVE COURSES

S. No. Course Code Course name L T P C

1. 213BIT1101 Genetics 3 0 0 3
2. 213BIT1102 Human Anatomy and Physiology 3 0 0 3
3. 213BIT1103 Bioorganic Chemistry 3 0 0 3
4. 213BIT1104 Industrial Biotechnology 3 0 0 3
5. 213BIT1105 Protein Science and Engineering 3 0 0 3
6. 213BIT1106 Food Processing and Technology 3 0 0 3
7. 213CHE1122 Reaction Engineering for Biotechnologists 3 0 0 3
8. 213CHE1123 Mass Transfer 3 0 0 3
9. 213BIT2107 Clinical Biochemistry 3 0 0 3
10. 213BIT2108 Environmental Biotechnology 3 0 0 3
11. 213BIT2109 Healthcare Biotechnology 3 0 0 3
12. 213BIT2110 Enzyme Technology 3 0 0 3
13. 213BIT2111 Agricultural Biotechnology 3 0 0 3
14. 213BIT2112 Bioenergy 3 0 0 3
15. 213BIT2113 Drug Design and Development 3 0 0 3
16. 213BIT2114 Infectious Diseases 3 0 0 3
17. 213BIT3115 Animal Biotechnology 3 0 0 3
18. 213BIT3116 Plant Biotechnology 3 0 0 3
19. 213BIT3117 IPR in Biotechnology 3 0 0 3
20. 213BIT3118 Bioreactor Design and Analysis 3 0 0 3
21. 213BIT3119 Biosensors 3 0 0 3
22. 213BIT3120 Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics 3 0 0 3
23. 213BIT3121 Radiation Biology 3 0 0 3
24. 213BIT3122 Clinical Trials and Management 3 0 0 3
25. 213BIT3123 Biomaterials 3 0 0 3
26. 213BIT3124 Entrepreneurship in Biotechnology 3 0 0 3
27. 213BIT3125 Stem Cell Technology 3 0 0 3
28. 213BIT3126 Cell Culture Technologies 3 0 0 3
29. 213BIT3127 Evolutionary Biology 3 0 0 3
30. 213BIT3128 Tissue Engineering 3 0 0 3

7
 HONORS COURSES

S. No. Course Code Course name L T P C

1. 217BIT1101 Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology 3 0 0 3
2. 217BIT1102 Biophysics 3 0 0 3
3. 217BIT1103 Nanobiotechnology 3 0 0 3
4. 217BIT2104 Metabolic Engineering 3 0 0 3
5. 217BIT2105 Molecular Pathogenesis 3 0 0 3
6. 217BIT2106 Cancer Biology 3 0 0 3
7. 217BIT2107 Plant Bioinformatics 3 0 0 3
8. 217BIT3108 Functional Genomics 3 0 0 3
9. 217BIT3109 Recombinant Protein Production 3 0 0 3
10. 217BIT3110 RNAi Technology 3 0 0 3
11. 217BIT3111 Vaccinology 3 0 0 3
12. 217BIT3112 Bioprocess Instrumentation and Control 3 0 0 3
13. 217BIT3113 Transport Phenomena in Biological Systems 3 0 0 3
14. 217BIT3114 Signal Transduction 3 0 0 3
15. 217BIT3115 Structural Biology 3 0 0 3
16. 217BIT3116 Systems Biology 3 0 0 3

UNIVERSITY ELECTIVES

S. No. Course Code Course name L T P C

1. 214BIT1101 Introduction to Computational Biology 3 0 0 3
2. 214BIT1102 Exploring the Microbial World 3 0 0 3
3. 214BIT1103 Human Diseases and Prevention 3 0 0 3
4. 214BIT1104 Environmental Microbiology 3 0 0 3
5. 214BIT1105 Bioresource Technology 3 0 0 3
6. 214BIT1106 Biological Wastewater Treatment 3 0 0 3
7. 214BIT1107 Bio-Corrosion 3 0 0 3
8. 214BIT1108 Biology of Cancer 3 0 0 3
9. 214BIT1109 Engineering of Crop plants 3 0 0 3
10. 214BIT1110 Gene Manipulation 3 0 0 3

8
 SYLLABUS

FOUNDATION CORE

211ENG1301 ENGLISH FOR ENGINEERS L T P X C

2 0 0 3 3

Course Description
The course is designed to help develop the communicative performance of Engineers from
various disciplines who wish to improve their abilities in English.

Course Outcomes:
CO1: To learn domain and business related vocabulary
CO2: To develop professional writing skills pertaining to various workplace communication.
CO3 To listen and comprehend various types of intermediate professional talks, speeches,
interviews
CO4: To speak at ease with various stakeholders while at work
CO5: To read and comprehend information quickly with technical perspectives

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 H H
CO2 H H
CO3 H H
CO4 H H
CO5 H H

Unit I
Grammar- Tenses & application of right tenses in different situations– Part 1, Vocabulary-
Context Clues and leading to word map/word cloud, Reading- Stages in reading: Pre-reading,
during-reading & post-reading, Writing- E-mails, Notices, Memos, Instructions/Information
Writing, Listening- Types of Listening, Spoken/Written Production- Interpretation of
Graphical Data.

Unit II
Grammar- Tenses & application of right tenses in different situations – Part 2, Vocabulary-
Phrasal Verbs & Idioms Reading- Identifying main idea & supporting details-Writing-
Report Writing – Understanding reports, principles and purpose, Listening- Listening for
Gist,Spoken Production- Presentation techniques &stages.

Unit III

Grammar- Prepositions & Prepositional Phrases , Vocabulary- One Word Substitution –

Word/phrase choice , Reading- Making Predictions, Inferences& Drawing Conclusions ,
Writing- Proposal Writing – Principles of proposal writing, purpose and outcome , Listening-
Listening for specific information , Spoken Interaction- Giving instructions/directions.

9
Unit IV
Grammar- Active Voice & Passive Voice – differences and functions , Vocabulary- Cohesive
devices and transitional words , Reading- Skimming and Scanning – purpose and techniques,
Writing- Instructions & Recommendations , Listening- Product Description, Spoken
Production- Engaging audience using anecdotes/illustrations.

Unit V
Grammar- Subject-Verb & Pronoun-Antecedent Agreements, Vocabulary- Collocations ,
Reading- Identifying Cause and Effect , Writing- Resume Writing – Understanding the
objective, inclusions and exclusions , Listening- Telephonic conversations/ Interviews, Spoken
Production- Persuading and Negotiating.

Textbooks
1. Dubey, ShyamJi, Manish Kumar and Shreesh Chaudhary. English for Engineers.
Chennai: Vikas Publishing House, 2020.
2. Raman, Meenakshi and Sangeeta Sharma. Technical Communication: Principles
andPractice. New Delhip: Oxford University Press. 2010.
3. Sudharshana. N.P. and C. Savitha. English for Engineers. Delhi: Cambridge
University Press, 2015.

Reference Books:
1. Greenbaum, Sidney. Oxford English Grammar. London: Oxford University Press,
2005.
2. Oshima, A, Hogue, A. Writing Academic English. New York: Pearson Longman,
2006.

L T P X C
211PHY1301 PHYSICS
3 0 2 0 4

Course Objectives
 To impart fundamental physics concepts applicable to engineering applications
 To introduce technological advances into engineering applications.
Course Outcomes (CO)
CO1: Describe the properties of magnetic and Dielectric materials
CO2: Understand the basic concepts of Mechanics and Thermodynamics
CO3: Understand the types, properties and applications of semiconductors
CO4: Understand the use of Lasers and Fiber optics
CO5: Understand the quantum Mechanics and its applications

10
 Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 H H M
CO2 H H M
CO3 H H M
CO4 H H M
CO5 H H M

UNIT -I: Magnetic Materials

Origin of magnetic moment - Classification of magnetic materials (Dia, Para, Ferro) - Domain
theory of Ferromagnetism - Hysteresis curve - soft and hard magnetic materials -
Applications in different fields (qualitative)
Dielectric Materials
Dielectrics - Dielectric constant - electronic, ionic, orientational and space charge polarization
- frequency and temperature dependence of polarization - dielectric breakdown mechanisms-
Applications of dielectrics (Qualitative)
UNIT – II: Mechanics
Moment of inertia (M.I) - Radius of gyration – parallel axes theorem – perpendicular axes
theorem - M.I of rod, circular disc, solid cylinder, hollow cylinder, solid sphere and hollow
sphere (Qualitative) - K.E of a rotating body - Torsional pendulum.

Thermodynamics: Zeroth Law of thermodynamics - first law of Thermodynamics - Work done

by a gas - Heat engines - second law of Thermodynamics - Reversible and Irreversible process
– Entropy - Carnot Engine - Newton's law of cooling.
UNIT – III: Semiconductors
Stages of electron theory of solids (Qualitative) – Fermi - Dirac distribution function F(E) –
Effect of temperature on F(E) - Density of states for metals(conductors) - Intrinsic
semiconductors - carrier concentration (derivation) - Fermi energy, Variation of Fermi energy
level with temperature - Mobility and electrical conductivity - Band gap determination -
Extrinsic semiconductors (Qualitative) - Hall effect - Determination of Hall coefficient -
applications.
UNIT – IV: Laser
Principle of spontaneous and stimulated emission - Einstein’s A & B coefficients (Derivation)
- population inversion - metastable state - pumping methods – Characteristics of laser - types
of lasers, gas lasers CO2 laser - solid-state lasers (Nd-YAG), applications of lasers in science,
engineering and medicine.
Fiber Optics: Introduction to optical fiber - Total internal reflection - Structure of optical fibre -
Propagation of light in an optical fibre(Numerical aperture and Acceptance angle) (Derivation),

11
Types of optical fibre, Fibre optic communication system – fibre optic sensors,
Temperature/Pressure sensor – Displacement sensor.

UNIT – V: Quantum Mechanics

Introduction to quantum physics - black body radiation - Planck’s hypothesis and Planck’s
blackbody radiation(derivation) – Deduction of Rayleigh jeans law – Deduction of Wien’s
displacement law – Physical significance of wave function - Schrodinger time independent
wave equation, time dependent wave equation, particle in a box (1D), Electron microscope –
Scanning electron microscope.
Text Book(s):
1. Engineering Physics II, P. Mani, Dhanam Publications,
2. Properties of matter, R. Murugesan, S. Chand Publications
3. Heat and thermodynamics, Brij Lal, N. Subramanyam, P.S. Hemne, S. Chand
Company Pvt. Ltd, 2015.
4. Engineering Physics I, P.Mani, Dhanam Publications
Reference Book(s):
rd
1. Engineering Physics, Marikani A, 3 Edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2020
2. Engineering Physics, Amit Sarin and Anil Rewal, Wiley, 2014
3. Engineering Physics, Shatendra Sharma and Jyotsna Sharma, 1st Edition, Pearson,
2018
4. Concepts of Physics, Volume 2, H C Verma, Bharathi Bhawan Publishers, New
Delhi, 2019.
5. Fundamental of Physics, David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker, 11th
Edition, Wiley, 2018

L T P X C
211MAT1301 CALCULUS AND LINEAR ALGEBRA
3 0 2 0 4

Course Objective
To enable the students to understand the prime perceptions of one and two dimensional calculus
and to solve systems of linear equations; to find and reduce to canonical form using the
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of matrices and apply them to solve real life problems.

Course Outcomes

CO1: Solve the system of linear equations; find Eigenvalue and Eigenvector and
diagonalization of matrices
CO2: Understand the concepts of vector space and linear independent, dependent of vectors
CO3: Know the applications of differentiation by series expansion of function, using
Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s theorems and by finding maxima and minima.
CO4: Recognize the method of finding limit and derivative of functions
and maxima,minima in two variables
CO5: Grasp about evolutes and simple applications of one-dimensional calculus.

12
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 S L M
CO2 S M
CO3 S L M
CO4 L M
CO5 S M L M

Unit 1: Matrices
Symmetric, skew-symmetric and orthogonal matrices; Determinants; Eigenvalues and
eigenvectors; Cayley-Hamilton Theorem - Diagonalization of matrices - Orthogonal
transformation- Reduction of Quadratic form to Canonical form.
Unit II: Vector Space
Vector Space - dimensions - linear combinations and span, spanning a vector space –
Linearly Independent and dependent space - Subspace and Null –Space - Problems based on
the above topics.
Unit III: One Variable Calculus
Rolle’s Theorem- Mean value theorems - Taylor’s and Maclaurin theorems with remainders -
- Maxima and minima.
Unit IV: Two Variable Calculus
Limit, continuity and partial derivatives - total derivative - Maxima, minima and saddle
points - Method of Lagrange multipliers.
Unit V: Simple Applications of One Variable Calculus
Curvature (Cartesian coordinates) - Evolutes and involutes; Evaluation of definite and
improper integrals; Beta and Gamma functions and their properties.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Grewal, B.S., Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 43rd
Edition, 2015.
2. Kreyszig, E, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley and Sons (Asia)
Limited, Singapore, 10th Edition., 2001

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ramana B. V., Engineering Mathematics, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited, New Delhi, Edition 2005.
2. Veerarajan,T., Engineering Mathematics (For First Year), Tata McGraw-Hill
publishing company Limited, 2008.

13
 INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING L T P X C
211MEC1201
VISUALIZATION 0 0 2 3 2
Course Objective(s):
This course aims to introduce the concept of graphic visualization, develop the product design
for communicating concepts, ideas and designs of engineering products, demonstrate skills in
interpreting, and producing engineering drawings accurately and to give exposure to national
standards relating to engineering drawing
Course Outcome(s):
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Draw freehand sketch of 2D and 3D models through visual observation
CO2: Construct the geometric models of various solids and surfaces
CO3: Illustrate the solid intersections and their new surfaces
CO4: Construct the sheet metal models for various engineering components
CO5: Create perspective visual models for designed products
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO / PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 M M M
CO2 H L M
CO3 H H H H M M
CO4 L M H H H M
CO5 H H H H H M

Week Practical
1 Drawing and its Standards
2 Brainstorming session by comparing the industrial standards.
3 Understanding and generating 3D drawing of disc
5 Formation of 3D drawing of Wheels
6 Geometrical and analytical model of point
7 Geometrical model of projecting a Line by manual parallel projection
8 Geometrical model of projecting a plane by manual parallel projection
Geometrical and analytical model of various regular solids - projecting a plane by
9
manual parallel projection
Geometrical and analytical model of various irregular solids - projecting a plane by
10
manual parallel projection
11 Construction and developing and curvilinear developed surface
12 Construction and developing and rectilinear developed surface
13 Combination of surfaces
14 Axonometric projection of base plate
15 Projection of tyre by perceptive method

14
X - Component:

Week Practical
1 Free Hand Sketching on Selected Models – Layout Drawing
2 Applying and modifying the drawing on 3D sketch
3 Applying parallel projection to prepare 2D layout as per ANSI
5 Applying parallel projection to prepare 2D layout as per ANSI
Finding the distance between stars by the geometrical and analytical method.
6 Finding the distance and space between two ICs arranged in stack with CAD
packages
Finding the distance between two electrical poles by using standard CAD
7
comments and by adopting the principles of parallel projection.
Finding the centre of gravity of the plane by geometrical approach and by CAD
8
Packages which are located in different angle.
Finding the position and centre of gravity of the regular solids by geometrical
9
approach and by CAD packages which are located in different angle.
Finding the position and centre of gravity of the regular solids by geometrical
10
approach and by CAD packages which are located in different angle.
Generation of curvilinear surface for car bodies using CAD packages and finding
11
the physical properties.
Generation of rectilinear surface for car bodies using CAD packages and finding
12
the physical properties.
Generation of curvilinear and rectilinear surface for car bodies using CAD
13
packages and finding the physical properties.
14 Generation of 2D and 3D sketching with layout using aforementioned solids
3D model of tyre by applying parallel and perceptive projection method using
15
CAD
References:
S. No Details
Natarajan, K.V., A Textbook of Engineering Graphics, 21st Edition, Dhanalakshmi
1 Publishers, Chennai, 2012.
Web-link: http://booksdelivery.com/n-dhanalakshmi-publications
Paul Richard, Jim Fitzgerald., Introduction to AutoCAD 2017: A Modern
2
Perspective, Pearson, 2016.
Web-link: https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/program/Richard-
Introduction-to-Auto-CAD-2017-A-Modern-Perspective/PGM334072.html

15
 PROBLEM SOLVING USING COMPUTER L T P X C
211CSE1401
PROGRAMMING 1 0 2 3 3

Course Objective:
 To introduce the students with the foundations of computing, programming and
problem-solving
 To make the students understand the concept of data representation in computers
 To make the students solve simple and complex problems through programming
Concepts

Course Outcome(S):
CO1: Understand and formulate algorithms and pseudocode for problems
CO2: Able to represent, organize, manipulate and interpret data
CO3: Apply programming skills to implement pseudocodes and algorithms
CO4: Analyse and use decomposition techniques to simplify complex problems
CO5: Apply programming techniques to permanently store and retrieve large datasets for the
problems.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 S L M M
CO2 S M M
CO3 S L M M
CO4 L M M
CO5 S M L M M L

UNIT –I
Problem Solving - Pillars of Problem Solving - Analysing and representing Algorithms –
Flowcharts - Importance of programming in problem solving - Expressing Algorithms in
Pseudocode - Case studies in the specific domain of study in analysing and representing
algorithms

UNIT –II
Computational thinking – Information to Data Format – Data Encoding – Binary Conversions
and Binary Logic - Representation of Problem data in computer format - Introducing
compiler, compiler features and, working with basic datatypes - working with DMA, creating
strings using DMA concepts

UNIT –III
Writing Problem Workflow in Computer Language – Use control structures to write simple
algorithms for sort, search and similar algorithms – Organizing multiple datasets in problem
domain to computer format – Working with Single dimensional, multidimensional arrays,
Use arrays to store string

16
UNIT - IV
Decomposing complex problems to simple solutions - functions – parameter passing –
recursion - Organizing complex and variable datasets – Structures – Unions – Applications

UNIT - V
Representing and organizing large problem dataset – Files – Types - Modes - File operations
- Applications

TEXT BOOKS
1. David D. Riley and Kenny A. Hunt, Computational Thinking for the Modern Problem
Solver, CRC Press, 2014.
2. Pradip Dey and Manas Ghosh, Programming in C, Oxford University,
P ress, Third Edition, 2018.
3. Byron Gottfried, Schaum's Outline of Programming with C, McGraw-Hill, Third
Edition, 2010

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language,
PrenticeHall of India, Second Edition 1988
2. E. Balaguruswamy, Programming in ANSI C, Tata McGraw-Hill, Seventh
Edition,2017

L T P C
211BIT1101 BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS
3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes (s):

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to

CO1: Describe the fundamentals of cell structure and cell cycle

CO2: Understand the classification and functions of biomolecules
CO3: Describe the underlying concepts of infection and immunity
CO4: Explain the various applications of biology
CO5: Elaborate the role of biology in the development of next generation technology

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 M M M H H H
CO2 H M H M H M
CO3 H H M M M
CO4 H M H H M M
CO5 H M M H H

17
Unit I: INTRODUCTION

Science and Engineering- Why should engineers know biology? Major discoveries in
biology- Cell: basic unit of life- prokaryotes and eukaryotes- Cell structure, organelles and
their functions, comparison of plant and animal cells- Overview of cell cycle and cell division

Unit II: BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF LIFE

Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Vitamins, Proteins, Enzymes and how enzymes
functions with one typical example; Glycolysis pathway. Nucleic acids: Genes, Genome and
Chromosome - DNA as genetic material – Replication, Transcription, Genetic code,
Translation.

Unit III: MICROORGANISMS AND INFECTION

Microorganisms- History of microbiology, Major classification of microbes-Cultivation of
bacteria-Microscopy - Microbes as infectious agents - typhoid, tuberculosis, candida, malaria,
hepatitis, polio, dengue, AIDS, SARS -Immunity to infection- innate and acquired immunity
- organs and cells of the immune system - classification of antibodies - types of T cells –
activation of B and T cells.

Unit IV: BIOLOGY AND ITS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Basics of fermentation- Probiotics- Enzymes- Biofertilizers- Biomaterials - Bioenergy- Waste
Water Treatment-Role of Genetic Engineering: insulin – Biopharming - Antibiotics,
Vaccines, Monoclonal Antibodies- Stem Cell Technology - Self healing concrete

Unit V: INTERDISCIPLINARY TECHNOLOGIES INSPIRED FROM BIOLOGY

Role of biology in the development of next generation technology - Bio Inspired Inventions-
Digital Camera - Eye comparison, Kingfisher - Bullet trains; Bird - Aircraft comparison -
Artificial immune system and swarm robotics - 3D bio-printing: Cardiovascular, Respiratory,
Renal system; Biochip, Muscular System - Bio-robotics, Sensory organs: electronic nose,
electronic tongue, electronic skin - Nervous System: Artificial Neural Networks, Biosensors,
Bioinformatics, Biophilic Design
Text Books:
1. Gabi Nindl Waite, Lee Waite, Applied Cell and Molecular Biology for Engineers,
McGraw-Hill Education, 2007.
2. Arthur T. Johnson, Biology for Engineers, Second Edition, CRC Press, 2019.
Reference Books:
1. Michael Chappell, Stephen Payne, Physiology for Engineers - Applying Engineering
Methods to Physiological Systems, Springer International Publishing, 2016.
2. W. Mark Saltzman, Biomedical Engineering: Bridging Medicine and Technology,
Cambridge University Press, 2009.

18
 L T P X C
211EEE1301 BASIC ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 3 0 2 0 4

Course Outcomes (CO)

On successful completion of the course, the students would be able to;
CO1: Apply the basic laws of electricity in DC and AC circuits
CO2: Understand the construction and operation of static and rotating electrical machines
CO3: Understand the constructional features and operation of fundamental electronic devices
and circuits
CO4: Understand the characteristics of digital electronics
CO5: Understand the functioning of digital measuring instruments, sensors and transducers

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 M M M M L L M L M
CO2 M M M M L M L M M
CO3 M M M L L M L S
CO4 S M M
CO5 S S L M M L M M L M M

UNIT I: Electric Circuits

Circuit elements – resistor, inductor, capacitor - Ohm’s Law - Kirchhoff’s Laws - series and
parallel circuits - analysis of DC circuits - mesh, nodal analysis – simple problems.
Alternating voltage - RMS and Average values - form and peak factors - Single phase AC
circuits - power, energy calculation and power factor - Concept of three phase system.
UNIT II: Electrical Machines
Construction and operation of DC machines – DC generator – DC motor. Single phase
transformer – Construction and operation. Alternator, Three phase induction motor –
Construction and operation – Types. Single phase induction motor – Construction – Working
– Capacitor start and capacitor run motor.
UNIT III: Electronic Devices and Circuits
PN junction diode, BJT, FET, MOSFET – Working & Characteristics, Diode based half wave
and full wave rectifier – Transistor as switch. Applications of Electronic Circuits.
UNIT IV: Digital Electronics
Boolean Algebra - Simplification of Boolean Expressions - Logic Gates - Implementation Of
Combinational Logic Circuits – Half Adder, Full Adder, Parallel Adder, Encoders, Decoders
– Multiplexers, De- Multiplexers. Applications of Digital Electronic Circuits.

19
UNIT VI: Transducers and Digital Instruments
Sensors & Transducers - selection criteria – LVDT, Tachogenerator, Passive Infrared (PIR),
LM35, LDR – Working principle, Applications – Transmission of transducer signal outputs
(V, I, F) – Concept of Digital Instruments.
Text Book(s):
1. V.K. Mehta, ―Principles of Electrical Engineering and Electronics‖, S. Chand
& Company Ltd, 2012
2. S. K. Bhattacharya, Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pearson, 2016.
3. Albert Malvino, David J. Bates, ―Electronic Principles‖, 7th Edition, McGraw
Hill Education;2017.
4. Electronic devices and circuit theory / Robert L. Boylestad, Louis
Nashelsky.—11th edition,Pearson Education Inc.

Reference(s):
1. R. Muthususbramanian and S. Salivahanan, "Basic Electrical, Electronics and
Engineering"McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2013.
2. T. Thyagarajan, ―Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics engineering‖, SciTech
publications (Ind.) Pvt. Ltd., 3rd Edition, 2015.

L T P X C
211CHY1301 CHEMISTRY
3 0 2 0 4

Course Outcomes (CO)

On successful completion of the course, the students would be able to
CO1: Analysing the structure and bonding in molecules from quantum level
CO2: Interpreting the spectral data of unknown substances
CO3: Evaluating the corrosion behaviour of metals and characteristics of water
CO4: Examining the behaviour of various atoms according to their position in periodic table.
CO5: Relating the stereochemistry of the substances with chemical reactions.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 M M M M L L M L M
CO2 M M M M L M L M M
CO3 M M M L L M L S
CO4 S M M
CO5 S S L M M L M M L M M

UNIT 1: Atomic and molecular structure

Wave-particle duality of electrons. Schrodinger equation. Forms of the hydrogen atom wave
functions and the plots of these functions to explore their spatial variations (s, p and d).
Molecular orbitals of diatomic molecules (Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and

20
nitric oxide) and plots of the multicentre orbitals. Equations for atomic and molecular
orbitals. Crystal field theory and the energy level diagrams for transition metal ions (iron and
Ni) and their magnetic properties.

UNIT II: Spectroscopic techniques

Principles of spectroscopy and selection rules. Electronic spectroscopy (Instrumentation and
working). Fluorescence (Instrumentation and working) and its applications. IR spectroscopy:
Instrumentation, working and applications.

UNIT III: Equilibrium Thermodynamics and water chemistry

Thermodynamic functions: Work, heat, enthalpy, entropy and free energy. Free energy and
EMF. Electrode potentials. Nernst equation and applications. Acid-base, oxidation-reduction
and solubility equilibria. Corrosion: Dry and wet corrosion – mechanism and corrosion
control (Sacrificial anode and impressed current cathodic protection). Estimation of hardness
of water and chloride ion.

UNIT IV: Periodic properties and molecular interactions

Electronic configurations - Effective nuclear charge and its significance. Periodic properties:
Atomic and ionic sizes, ionization energies, electron affinity and electronegativity. Hard and
soft acids and bases. Ionic, dipolar and van der Waals interactions.

UNIT VI: Stereochemistry and reaction mechanism

Representations of 3-D structures, structural isomers and stereoisomers, configurations.
Symmetry and chirality, enantiomers, diastereomers, optical activity, absolute configurations
and conformational analysis of alkanes (up to 4 carbons). Geometrical isomerism in alkenes.
Introduction to reactions involving substitution (SN1, SN2, SNi, SNAr, benzyne,
halogenation, sulphonation, nitration, Friedel Crafts alkylation and acylation), addition
(Electrophilic and nucleophilic), elimination (E1 and E2). Synthesis (conventional and green
routes) of commonly used drug molecules (aspirin and ibuprofen).
LIST OF EXPERIEMENTS:
1. Determination of Fe (III) ion in the given complex by spectrophotometric method
2. Preparation of tetrammine copper (II) sulphate
3. Verification of Lambert Beer’s law: Estimation of KMnO4
4. Preparation of Mohr Salt
5. Estimation of iron content in drug / alloy / ore
6. Determination of EMF of a cell
7. Determination of hardness of water sample
8. Determination of halide ion concentration in the given water sample
9. Potentiometric Redox titrations
10. Potentiometric Acid-Base titrations
11. Potentiometric precipitation titrations
12. Thin layer chromatography
13. Determination of surface tension
14. Determination of viscosity
15. Synthesis of a polymer / drug (Bakelite / Urea-formaldehyde / Aspirin)

21
Reference books:
1. University Chemistry, Bruce M. Mahan and Rollie J. Meyers, 4th edition, Pearson
Education India (2009).
2. Engineering Chemistry, P.C. Jain and Monika Jain, 17th edition, Dhanpat Rai
PublishingCompany Ltd (New Delhi) (2015).
3. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, Colin N. Banwell and Elaine McCash, 4th
edition, McGraw Hill (India) Private Limited (2016).
4. Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function, K. P. C. Volhardt and N. E. Schore, 5th
edition,
5. W. H. Freeman; 6th edition (2010).
6. Organic Chemistry: A mechanistic approach, Tadashi Okuyama and Howard
Maskill, Oxford University Press (2014).
7. Essentials of Physical Chemistry, Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl and G. D. Tuli, 28th edition,
S. Chand Publishing Company (2010).
8. Principles of Physical Chemistry, B. R. Puri, Madan S. Pathania and L. R.
Sharma, 47th edition, Vishal Publishing Company (2020).
9. Reactions, Rearrangements and Reagents, S.N. Sanyal, 4th edition, Bharati
Bhawan Publishers & Distributors (2019).

211MEC1401 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND L T P X C

MANUFACTURING
1 0 2 3 3

Course Objective(s):
 To gain knowledge about the tools and techniques for sustainable design.
 To select the material, equipment, and development of a product.
 To adopt various software tools, process, and techniques for digital manufacturing.
 To apply these techniques into various applications.

Course Outcome(s):
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Able to apply the sustainable design practices to improve the existing product.
CO2: Able to perform design analysis
CO3: Perform optimization on design and materials selections
CO4: Capable to prepare process layouts for the optimized products
CO5: Choose appropriate method of manufacturing the products

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO/ PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 2 2 1 1
CO2 3 1 1 1
CO3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3
CO4 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 3
CO5 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3

22
Practical Component:

Week Practical
1 Mechanical operations-based case study selection and factors demonstration
2 Discipline based case study selection and factors demonstration
3 Inter-disciplinary case study selection and factors demonstration
5 Brainstorming on need analysis on selected products/process
6 Preparing the free-parametric models – manual mode
7 Performing design optimization and decision making through software tools
8 Creating sketching and detailing for the optimum model
9 Meshing and perform numerical analysis on the model
10 Manufacturing process identification and detailing
11 Sustainability assessment and presentation on various factors
12 Job order preparation and logistic strategies
13 Possible prototyping and manufacturing
14 Reporting and documentation
15 Final presentation

X - Component:

Week Practical
1 Introduction to ―Altair Inspire‖ or equivalent platform – tools study and apply
2 Introduction to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) – practice to do numerical models
3 Industrial example reconstruction via CAE tools
5 Parametric modeling with dimensioning and tolerancing
6 Hands-on-practice on optimization tools like mini-tab etc.,
7 Planning and preparing Bill-of-materials mass and cost estimations
8 Brainstorming on prepared BOM and related items
9 Brainstorming on prepared BOM and related items
10 FEA model brainstorming and optimize the final model
11 Manufacturing process layout and factor presentation
12 Manufacturing process layout and factor presentation
13 Hands-on-session on modern tools on reporting and documentations
14 Product demonstration and defending sustainability suitability
15 Product demonstration and defending sustainability suitability

23
References:
S. No Details
Introduction to Sustainability for Engineers by Toolseeram Ramjeawon
1 2020 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, ISBN: 978-0-367-25445-2
ISBN 9780429287855 (ebook): https://lccn.loc.gov/2019042493
Introduction to Sustainability Road to a Better Future by Nolberto Munier
2 ISBN-10 1-4020-3558-6 (e-book) Springer, New York
https://greenco.in/index.php - for case studies

MULTIPLE INTEGRATION, ORDINARY L T P XC

211MAT1303 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND
COMPLEX VARIABLES 3 0 2 0 4

Course Objective
To enable the students to understand the concepts of multiple integrations and their
application, vector calculus, to solve ordinary differential equations and compute the residue
of a function and use the residue theory to evaluate a contour integral or an integral over the
real line.

Course Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Know the methods of solving differential equations of first and second orders.
CO2: Understand the concepts of double and triple integral and its applications.
CO3: Know about the applications of double and triple integral in vector calculus.
CO4: Apply the concept and consequences of analyticity and the Cauchy-Riemann equations and
of results on harmonic and entire functions including the fundamental theorem of algebra.
CO5: Evaluate complex contour integrals directly and apply the Cauchy integral theorem in its
various versions, and the Cauchy integral formula.

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO/ PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 S S M
CO2 M S M
CO3 S M
CO4 S M
CO5 S M L

Unit 1: Ordinary differential equations

Exact, linear and Bernoulli’s equations, Euler’s equations, Equations not of first degree:
equations solvable for p and Clairaut’s type. Second order linear differential equations with
constant coefficients and variable coefficients, method of variation of parameters.

24
Unit II: Multiple Integration
Double integrals (Cartesian), change of order of integration in double integrals, change of
variables (Cartesian to polar), Areas; Triple integrals (Cartesian), and Volume, Applications
involving cubes, sphere and rectangular parallelepipeds.
Unit III: Vector Calculus
Gradient, curl and divergence. Scalar line integrals, vector line integrals, scalar surface
integrals, vector surface integrals, Theorems of Green, Gauss and Stokes.
Unit IV: Complex Variable
Differentiation, Cauchy-Riemann equations, analytic functions, Construction of analytic
functions, harmonic functions; elementary analytic functions (exponential, trigonometric,
logarithm) and their properties; Conformal mappings, Mobius transformations and their
properties.
Unit V: Complex Integration
Contour integrals, Cauchy’s Integral theorem, Cauchy Integral formula (without proof);
Taylor’s series, zeros of analytic functions, singularities, Laurent’s series; Residues, Cauchy
Residue theorem (without proof), Evaluation of definite integral involving sine and cosine,
Evaluation of certain improper integrals (Integration around circles and semicircles).
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Grewal, B.S., Grewal, J.S., Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers,
New Delhi, 43rd Edition, 2015.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Kreyszig, E, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley and Sons (Asia)
Limited, Singapore, 10th Edn., 2001.
2. Ramana B. V., Engineering Mathematics, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited, New Delhi, Edition 2005.
3. Veerarajan,T., Engineering Mathematics (For First Year), Tata McGraw-Hill
publishing company Limited, 2008.

L T P X C
211MAT1302 STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERS
3 0 0 3 4

Course Objective
To enable the students to understand the basic concepts of statistical techniques, analyze
statistical data graphically, solving real world problems using testing of hypothesis and
design of experiment translate the real world problem in to probability models and derive the
probability density function of transformation of random variables.

Course Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Analyze the statistical data using measures of central tendency, dispersion and location.
CO2: Analyze the statistical data using testing of hypothesis.

25
CO3: Know about the one way and two way classifications of statistical data, C.R.D, R.B.D and
L.S.D
CO4: Examined statistical problems by means of probability theory which is using in all the fields
of scientific experimentation and distributions.
CO5: Derive the probability density function of transformation of random variables.

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO/ PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 S S S M M
CO2 M S M M
CO3 S S M M
CO4 S S M M
CO5 S L M M

UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

Definition of Statistics – Scope and Limitations of Statistics – Statistical investigation –
Stages in conducting survey – Primary data vs Secondary data – Classification, Tabulation
and presentation of data diagram (Simple problems on the above topics) - Arithmetic mean,
Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, median and mode, Range, Variance and Standard
deviation.
UNIT-II: TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
Sampling distributions – Statistical hypothesis – Large sample tests based on Normal
distribution for single proportion, difference of proportions, single mean and difference of
means, Small sample tests- Student’s t-distribution (single mean, difference of means) - F-
distribution - Chi-square distribution (Goodness of fit – independence of attributes).
UNIT III: DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
One way and Two-way classifications – Completely randomized design – Randomized block
design – Latin square design.
UNIT-IV: ONE DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES
Probability – The axioms of probability – Conditional probability – Baye’s theorem –
Discrete and continuous random variables –Binomial, Poisson, Exponential and Normal
distributions.
UNIT-V: TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES
Joint and conditional probability; Correlation and regression analysis, functions of one and
two random variables.
TEXT BOOK(S)
1. T. Veerarajan, Probability, Statistics and Random process, Fourth edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2016.

26
 2. A.M. Goon. M.K.Gupta and B.Dasgupta – Fundamentals of Statistics. Vol. I & II.
3. Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists by S.M. Ross
4. Introduction to Probability Theory and Statistical Inference by H.J. Larson.
5. Kayathri Rajagopalan, A python Data Analyst’s Toolkit, Apress, 2021.

REFERENCE BOOK(S)
1. S.C Gupta- Fundamental of statistics- Himalaya publishing house- 2014.
2. Thomas Haslwanter, An Introduction to Statistics with Python, Springer, 2016.

L T P X C
211CSE1402 PYTHON PROGRAMMING
1 0 2 3 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To learn how to use lists, tuples, and dictionaries in Python programs.
 To learn how to identify Python object types.
 To learn how to use indexing and slicing to access data in Python programs.
 To define the structure and components of a Python program.
 To learn how to write loops and decision statements in Python.
 To learn how to write functions and pass arguments in Python.
 To learn how to build Python modules for reusability.
 To learn how to read and write files in Python.
 To learn how to design object-oriented programs with Python classes.
 To practice data processing, analysis and visualization with python

COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Understand the constructs and concepts of a programming language
CO2: Apply Python data structures for problem solving and programming
CO3: Implement user defined python functions and build an efficient program leveraging
modules
CO4: Create python programs to handle file I/O and exceptions, and solve problems with
Object Oriented Concepts
CO5: Understand Data processing, Validation, Visualization concepts in python with regex,
pandas, matplotlib and numpy packages.

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO/ PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 S S L M M L S S S S L
CO2 S S S S M M S S S S L
CO3 S S S S M M S S S S M
CO4 S S S S S M L M S S S S M
CO5 S S S S S L M L S S S S S M

27
UNIT I: Getting Started with Programming
Introduction, Python Versions, Applications of Python in mainstream technologies.
Strings and Formatting: Basic Syntax, Comments, String Values, String Methods, The
format Method, String Operators, Numeric Data Types, Conversion Functions, Simple
Output, Simple Input, The % Method, The print Function Language Components:
Indenting Requirements, the if Statement, Relational and Logical Operators, Bit Wise
Operators, the while Loop, break and continue, The for Loop.

UNIT II: Python Data Structures

Introduction to Python Data Structures, Lists, Tuples, List Comprehensions, Nested
List Comprehensions, Sets, Dictionaries, Sorting Dictionaries, Copying Collections,
Dictionary Comprehensions, Dictionaries with Compound Values

UNIT III: Functions and Modules

Functions: Introduction, Defining Your Own Functions, Parameters, Function
Documentation, Keyword and Optional Parameters, Passing Collections to a Function,
Variable Number of Arguments, Scope, Functions - ‖First Class Citizens‖, Passing
Functions to a Function, map, filter, Mapping Functions in a Dictionary, Lambda, Inner
Functions, Closures
Modules: Modules, Standard Modules – sys, math, time, The dir Function

UNIT IV: Exceptions, I/O and OOP

Exceptions: Errors, Runtime Errors, The Exception Model, Exception Hierarchy, Han-
dling Multiple Exceptions, raise, assert.
Input and Output: Introduction, Data Streams, Creating Your Own Data Streams,
Access Modes, Writing Data to a File, Reading Data from a File
Object Oriented Programming: Class Coding Basics Class Statement Methods In-
heritance Attribute Tree Construction Specializing Inherited Methods Class Interface
Techniques Abstract Super Classes

UNIT V: Data Processing, Analysis and Visualization

Regular Expressions: Introduction, Simple Character Matches, Special Characters,
Character Classes, Quantifiers, The Dot Character, Greedy Matches, Grouping,
Matching at Beginning or End, Match Objects, Substituting, Splitting a String,
Compiling Regular Expressions, Flags.
Numerical Analysis & Plotting: Numpy – Overview, Setup, Datatypes, Basic Operators,
Indexing, Broadcasting, Matrix Operators. Matplotlib-Overview, Setup, Basic plots,
Customizing plots, Subplots, 3D plots.
Data Processing with Pandas: Pandas – Overview, Setup, Data Structures, Indexing &
Selecting Data, group by Operations, Reshaping data.

X Component
• Competitive coding using Core Python – Practical Assignments and Hacker-
rank challenges
• GUI Development using Python – Project

28
 TEXT BOOK(S):
1. Mark Lutz, ―Learning Python‖, Fifth Edition, O’Reilly, 2018

REFERENCES:
1. Charles Severance, 2016, Python for everybody: exploring data in Python 3
2. Charles Dierbach, 2013, Introduction to Computer Science using Python: a com-
putational problem-solving focus, Wiley Publishers

L T X C
211ECE1400 IoT - SENSORS AND DEVICES
1 0 3 2

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understand the working of basic electronic components and Sensors.
CO2: Understand the advantages of the different types of Arduino Microcontrollers.
CO3: Apply the knowledge of PWM and Serial communication in different circuits.
CO4: Understand the working of Wi-Fi module and different protocols for communication
for usage in IoT.
CO5: Apply the Sensors by building circuits for the given requirements.
CO6: Work effectively in as team and individual in doing the experiments following the
safety procedures and ethics and document effectively the experiments carried out in the
laboratory.

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO/ PO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 M L L
CO2 L L M L M L
CO3 M L L
CO4 M M L M M M L
CO5 L M M L M L M L L
CO6 M M M L

Unit 1 Sensors for IoT

Active and Passive Sensors, Different Types of Sensors such as Capacitive, Resistive, and
Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Pressure, Humidity, Toxic Gas; Sensors for Water (pH)
quality, Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Moisture, Hall effect and Humidity.
Unit 2 Microcontroller
Introduction to microcontrollers and microprocessors, Different microcontrollers, Arduino:
Types, UNO Architecture, ADC, DAC, Data acquisition.

29
Unit 3 Arduino Programming
Digital Pins as Input and Output, Reading Analog Quantities, PWM Pin- Arduino’s Serial
Port and Serial Communication. Interfacing of DC Motor and Relay
Unit 4 IoT System
Basics of IoT, IoT Levels, Things and Connections, Building Blocks of IoT connectivity
(Client- Server, Web Interface, and API: Qualitative Analysis only), Protocols and
Communication (Zigbee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, MQTT: Qualitative Analysis only), Bluetooth
and Wi-Fi Modules for Arduino.
Unit 5 IoT Applications
Application of IoT in the industry, buildings, smart city, logistics, environment, health care,
agriculture, and lifestyle products
X-Component Topics:
1. Building basic circuit diagrams using breadboard and Working of a Multimeter.
2. Simple circuit using IC on breadboard.
3. Simple Relay circuit design for ON-OFF condition.
4. Switch on an LED if a button is pressed.
5. Changing brightness of LED using potentiometer.
6. Change the brightness of LED (Fade in/ Fade out) using PWM.
7. DC motor speed control using serial communication.
8. Interfacing Wi-Fi module with Arduino.
9. Sending information about the patient in home to the doctor’s PC/mobile.
10. Design a simple circuit to measure the pH value of wastewater.
11. Design a simple circuit to maintain the CO2 level inside the room.
12. Design a simple circuit to apply Hall-effect sensor.

Theory:
1. Peter Dalmaris, ―Basic Electronics for Arduino Makers‖, Packt Publishing, 2017.
2. Tim Pulver, ―Hands-On Internet of Things with MQTT: Build Connected IoT Devices
with Arduino and MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT)‖, Packt Publishing, 2019.
3. Marco Schwartz, ―Internet of Things with Arduino Cookbook‖, Packt Publishing,
2016.
Reference(s):
1. Jody Culkin, Eric Hagan, ―Learn Electronics with Arduino: An Illustrated Beginner's
Guide to Physical Computing‖ Make Community, LLC, 2017.
2. Michael Margolis, "Arduino Cookbook" O’Reilly, 2011.
3. Julien Bayle, ―C Programming for Arduino‖, Packt Publishing Ltd., 2013.

Other References:
1. https://www.edx.org/course/iot-sensors-and-devices
2. https://www.coursera.org/learn/internet-of-things-sensing-actuation
3. https://www.naukri.com/learning/iot-sensors-and-devices-course-edxl593
4. https://online.stanford.edu/courses/xee100-introduction-internet-things

30
 PROGRAMME CORE COURSES

L T P X C
212BIT1301 MICROBIOLOGY
3 0 2 0 4

Course objective(s):
To provide basic understanding of microorganisms, its classification, structure and functions of
microorganisms, physiology, genetics, pathology and ecology

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students would be able to
1. Describe diversity, classification and identification methods of microorganisms.
2. Explain the structure and function of bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, yeast etc.
3. Explain the cultivation of bacteria and basic genetics of bacteria
4. Discuss the association between microorganisms and diseases, pathogen interaction
with the host, identification and application of antibiotics.
5. Demonstrate the knowledge as to how microorganisms interact with their environment
and interaction between humans and microorganisms.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 H H M H H H H H
CO2 H H H H H H M
CO3 H H H H H
CO4 H H H H H H H H
CO5 H H H H H H M

Unit 1: Microbial Classification 9 hours

Basics and History of microbiology- Evolution of microbiology, Classification and
Nomenclature of microorganisms. Type cultures and culture collections. Microscopy -
Principles and applications of Light, Dark field Microscopy, Phase contrast microscopy,
Fluorescent microscopy, Electron microscope- TEM & SEM. Staining Techniques – Simple
staining and Differential staining – Gram’s staining, Acid-fast staining, Spore, capsular and
flagellar staining. Pure culture techniques.

Unit 2: Physiology of microorganisms 9 hours

Bacteria - General Characteristics, Morphology - Structure of the bacterial cell wall,
Appendages of bacteria - pili and flagella, capsule, slime layer, endospores and mode of
reproduction. Virus – General Characteristics, Structure and classification. Bacteriophages –
Structure and Life cycle - T4, Lambda and M13. Algae and fungi - General Characteristics,
Structure, classification and multiplication. Life cycle of Yeast

31
Unit 3: Cultivation of Bacteria and Genetics 9 hours
Nutritional requirements of bacteria, Cultivation of bacteria – Types of media – Differential,
selective, enriched, enrichment. Bacterial growth curve - Measurement, kinetics and generation
time. Bacterial growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacterial reproduction - binary
fission, Transformation, Conjugation and transduction. Mutation and recombination.

Unit 4: Microbial Pathology 9 hours

Microorganisms as pathogens. Common infectious diseases. Disease caused by Bacteria –
Salmonella typhi, Streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Virus - Hepatitis, HIV, SARS
CoV. Fungi, Candida, Trichophytan. Parasites – Amoeba, Plasmodium, Worm - Ascaris.
Common antibiotics and its classification.

Unit 5: Microbial Ecology 9 hours

Effect of environmental factors on the growth of microorganisms. Microbial interactions and
its types. Plant associated microorganisms - Rhizosphere, phylloplane micro flora, Mycorrhiza.
Air and water micro flora. Host-Microbe interaction – Microbiota of health and Human
Microbiome, Biogeochemical cycles – Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorous cycle.

Experiments (45 Hours)

1. Laboratory safety and sterilization Techniques (Lecture / Demonstration)

2. Pure culture techniques.
3. Microscopy
4. Simple staining, Gram’s staining and Spore staining
5. Capsule staining and flagella staining.
6. Bacterial growth curve
7. Hanging drop technique for motility.
8. Growth in selective and differential media.
9. Biochemical tests - IMViC Tests.
10. Catalase, Oxidase test, Starch hydrolysis test
11. Effects of temperature and pH on bacterial growth.
12. Antibiotic disc sensitivity test.
13. Effect of disinfectants on microbial flora.
14. Isolation and identification of microorganisms from soil, Water and milk.

Text book (s)

1. Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR - Microbiology - Tata McGraw Hill, India, 2010
(7th Edition).
2. Prescott LM, Harley JP and Klein BA - Microbiology - Wm. C. Brown Publishers,
IOWA. USA - 2008 (7th Edition).

Reference (s)
1. Tortora GJ, Funke BR and Case CL - Microbiology: An Introduction Benjamin
Cummings - Pearson - 2016 (12th Edition).
2. Jeffrey C Pommerville - Jones Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology - Bartlett
Publishers -2011 (9th edition).

32
 L T P X C
212BIT1302 BIOCHEMISTRY
3 0 2 0 4

Course objective(s)
To provide knowledge on basic concept of biomolecules and various metabolic pathways of
biological systems

Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Understanding the fundamental concepts of biomolecules and their biological functions
CO2: Explain the metabolism of carbohydrates and its importance in energy derivation.
CO3: Describe the importance of protein metabolism and its significance in energy flow.
CO4: Understand the role of lipid metabolism in assimilating energy.
CO5: Describe the role of nucleic acid metabolism and diseases associated with metabolic
alternations.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M M M M M H M H H
CO2 H M M M
CO3 H M M M M M
CO4 H M M M
CO5 H M M M H H

Unit 1: Introduction to Biomolecules & Bioenergetics 9 hours

Classification, structure and reactions of carbohydrates- Structural organization of proteins-
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures. -Classifications of amino acids. Structure,
properties and classification of lipids. High energy phosphate compounds- Requirements of
ATP for synthesis and degradation cycle.

Unit 2: Carbohydrate Metabolism 9 hours

Glycolysis, TCA cycle and glyoxylate cycle - Mitochondrial shuttles - Pentose phosphate
pathway, gluconeogenesis oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain,
gluconeogenesis – Glycogenolysis. Case studies – Glycogen storage diseases.

Unit 3: Protein Metabolism 9 hours

Biosynthetic pathway of amino acids - amino acid degradative pathways - Urea cycle Different
levels of regulation - Allosteric regulation - Reversible covalent modification, - Case studies-
Inborn Metabolic error of amino acid metabolism

33
Unit 4: Lipid Metabolism 9 hours
Fatty acids metabolism - -oxidation pathway - Ketone bodies - Biosynthesis of fatty acids -
Control of lipid metabolism – Case studies -Disorders of lipid metabolism.

Unit 5: Nucleic Acid Metabolism 9 hours

Biosynthesis of purine nucleotides (adenine, guanine) - Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides
(cytosine, thymine, and uracil) - Catabolism of adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil
–Case studies- Metabolic disorders associated with purine and pyrimidine metabolism.

Experiments (45 Hours)

1. Preparation of buffers (acidic, basic, neutral, biological)
2. Titration curves for amino acid, determination of pKa and pI
3. Qualitative analysis of lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids
4. Estimation of amino acid by Ninhydrin method
5. Estimation of protein (Biuret and Lowry Method)
6. Estimation of total sugars by Anthrone method.
7. Estimation of total sugars by DNS method.
8. Estimation of aldose and ketose sugars
9. Estimation of cholesterol by ZAK’S method.
10. Determination of acid value, saponification value and iodine number of oils and fats
Method

Text Books
1. Lehninger, Nelson and Cox - Principles of Biochemistry - W.H.Freeman & Company - 2021
(8th Edition).
2. Sathyanarayana U - Biochemistry - Elsevier India - 2017 (5th Edition).

References
1. Voet D and Voet JG - Fundamentals of Biochemistry - John Wiley & Sons, Inc -2019
(5th Edition).
2. Stryer L - Biochemistry - W.H. Freeman and Company - 2019 (9th Edition).
3. Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA and Rodwell VW - Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry -
McGraw-Hill Educaton - 2018 (31st Edition).

212CHE1304 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING L T P X C

3 1 2 0 5

Course objective(s):
To impart the knowledge of chemical engineering principles pertaining to biotechnological
applications.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Recognize the different units of measurements in basic chemical calculations and
calculate the composition of solutions and gas mixtures.
CO2: Solve material balance of physical and chemical processes.

34
CO3: Explain the phenomena of fluid statics and dynamics and its applications.
CO4: Explain the principles of particle science, filtration and sedimentation.
CO5: Explain the mechanism of heat transfer and its application.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/PSO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 H M M L L H H M
CO2 H M M M H H M
CO3 H M M M H H M
CO4 H M M H H M
CO5 H M M H H M

Unit 1: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS, UNITS AND

DIMENSIONS 12 hours
Introduction – Units and dimensions, Fundamental and derived quantities, Unit conversions,
stoichiometric principles; Basic chemical calculations – Composition of mixtures and
solutions- Percentage by weight, mole and volume; normality, molarity, molality, and ppm.
Gaseous mixtures - Ideal gas law and its application, Dalton law, Raoult’s law, Henry’s law.

Unit 2: MATERIAL BALANCES 12 hours

Material balance without chemical reactions: Three general methods of solving material
balance problems, Material balance of unit operations like distillation, absorption, extraction,
drying, crystallization, evaporation and mixing. Material balance with chemical reaction -
definitions of limiting and excess reactants, fractions and percentage conversion, yield and
percentage yield, Selectivity and related problems.

Unit 3: BASICS OF FLUID MECHANICS 12 hours

Properties of fluids, Newtonian and Non-newtonian fluids. Fluid statics – Barometric equation
– application for incompressible and compressible fluids. pressure measurement, Dimensional
analysis; Buckingham pi theorem - Equation of continuity and motion - Bernoulli’s equation
and its applications - Fluid flow measurement, Orifice, venture & Rotameter for Newtonian
fluids. Principles and operation of variable head meter.

Unit 4: PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY 12 hours

Particle size reduction, screening & screen Effectiveness, Liquid Filtration and filters -
Constant pressure and constant volume batch filtration, continuous filtration - Industrial filters
- batch sedimentation test – Centrifugation.

Unit 5: HEAT TRANSFER 12 hours

Introduction – Conduction, Convection and Radiation – Steady state conduction - Combined
resistances - conduction through composite walls - Unsteady state conduction - Combined
conduction and convection –forced and free convection mechanism.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Determination of cake resistance of filter medium using Leaf filter
2. Determination of cake resistance of filter medium using Rotary drum filter
3. Determination of discharge co- efficient using orifice meter
4. Determination of discharge co- efficient using venturimeter
5. Determination of effectiveness of screen
6. Determination of area of clarifier and thickener

35
 7. Estimation of thermal conductivity of insulating powder
8. Verification of Rayleighs equation using simple distillation
9. Determination of leaching efficiency

Text Book (s):

1. Bhatt, B.I. and Vora, S.M. – Stoichiometry - Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company,
New Delhi – 2004 (4th Edition)
2. K.V.Narayanan and Lakshmikutty, Chemical Process Calculations, Prentice Hall, 2004.
3. McCabe W.L., Smith J.C. and HariottP,, ―Unit Operation in Chemical Engineering‖
7thEdition,Tata McGraw – Hill, 2004.

Reference (s):
1. Himmelblau, D.M. - Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering,
Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi – 2004 (7th Edition)
2. Coulson J.M. and Richardson J.F., ―Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering‖
Vol-I 3rd Edition,Butterwoth – Heinemann Publishers,2004.
3. R K Bansal, ―A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines‖, 9th ed. Laxmi
Publications, New Delhi, 2004
4. Hougen, O.A., Watson, K.M., and Ragatz, R.A. - Chemical Process Principles- Part-I,
CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi – 1995 (2nd Edition)
5. Geankoplis, C.J. - Transport Processes and Unit Operations - Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi – 2002 (3rd Edition)

L T P X C
212BIT1303 CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
3 0 2 0 4

Course objective(s):
To gain basic knowledge about cell, its type, functions, cell cycle and regulation, cellular
transport and knowledge on DNA, genes, genome and various concepts in molecular biology

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Distinguish prokaryotic cell from eukaryotic cell and describe the structure and function
of different parts of a eukaryotic cell
CO2: Explain the mitosis and meiosis cell division and the consequences
CO3: Demonstrate the cell membrane transport mechanism
CO4: Summarize DNA and RNA as genetic material, packing of genes in chromosomes,
replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, repair and mutagenesis
CO5: Understand RNA polymerase, transcription and translation in both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications

36
Mapping of Course Outcomes

CO PO PSO
/PO/PSO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 H H M M M
CO2 H H M M M
CO3 H M H H M M H M
CO4 H M H M M
CO5 H M H H M M H M

UNIT I CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ORGANELLES 9 hours

Development of cell theory; general organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: structure,
chemical composition and function; organization of cell membrane: plasma membrane (fluid
mosaic model), chemical composition and function; intracellular compartmentalization;
cytosol‚ mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation, chloroplast and photosynthesis;
endomembrane system: structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex;
lysosomes and cellular digestion; role of vacuole and peroxisomes; extra cellular matrix.

UNIT II CELL CYCLE AND CELLULAR REPRODUCTION 9 hours

Cell cycle: different stages, M phase and interphase; mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase
and telophase, cytokinesis; meiosis: different stages, significance of meiosis, post-reductional
meiosis & chiasma terminalization; comparison of mitosis and meiosis; cell cycle check points:
role of cyclins and CDK in cell cycle; cell cycle regulation; autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis.

UNIT III CELLULAR TRANSPORT AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 9 hours

+ + 2+
Passive, facilitated and active transport; transport pumps: Na /K /Ca pumps, ATP pumps;
uniport, symport, antiport; non-gated and gated ion channels; endocytosis, exocytosis,
phagocytosis; cell-cell communication; cell signalling: autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, direct
signalling; internal, cell surface receptors; types: enzyme-linked, tyrosine kinase, ion channel-
linked, G-protein-linked receptors; signal transduction: protein phosphorylation by protein
kinases, secondary messengers: cAMP, Ca2+ and Inositol Triphosphate (IP3); protein
trafficking.
UNIT IV CONCEPTS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 9 hours
Structure of DNA and RNA; genes, genomes and DNA packaging; organization of prokaryotic
and eukaryotic genomes; supercoiling; prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication:
mechanisms, enzymes, accessory proteins, inhibitors; DNA repair and mutagenesis-types of
mutations; non-coding and micro RNA; RNA interference.

UNIT V TRANSCRIPTION, TRANSLATION AND MODIFICATIONS 9 hours

RNA polymerases, types of RNA; eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription: mechanisms,
enhancers, inhibitors; transcription factors; splicing, post transcriptional modifications; genetic
code; prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation: mechanisms, regulation, inhibitors; post
translational modifications.

37
Text Book(s)
1. De Robertis, E.D.P and De Robertis, E.M.F.–Cell and Molecular Biology–Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA–2010 (8th Edition).
2. Allison, L.A–Fundamental Molecular Biology–Blackwell publishing group, Malden,
MA, USA–2007 (1st edition)
3. Friefelder. D–Molecular Biology–McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, USA–2013 (5th
edition)

Reference(s)
1. Hardin, J., Bertoni, G.P. Kleinsmith, L.J.–Becker's World of the Cell–Pearson Publ–
2011 (8th Edition)
2. Alberts, B., Bray, D., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter,
P–Essential Cell Biology–Garland Science, New York–2013 (4th Edition)
3. Clark, D.P. and Pazdernik, N.J–Molecular Biology–Elsevier Academic Press–2013 (2nd
edition)

List of Experiments: 45 hours

1. Cell fractionation - isolation of sub cellular organelles such as mitochondria,
chloroplast etc.
2. Cell division in Onion root tip
3. Isolation of Squamous Epithelial cells
4. Isolation of protoplast from plant leaves
5. Isolation of Polytene Chromosomes of Dipterans
6. Estimation of nucleic acids
7. Isolation of plasmid DNA from bacteria
8. Agarose gel electrophoresis
9. Preparation of competent cells and transformation
10. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacteria
11. Isolation of genomic DNA from plant
12. Isolation of genomic DNA from animal cell
13. Restriction enzyme digestion
14. Separation of Proteins – SDS PAGE

L T P X C
212BIT1304 BIOINFORMATICS
3 0 2 3 5

Course Objective:
Students can demonstrate the usage of in silico tools, software and databases for understanding
the bio molecular data

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Understand the brief history of bioinformatics
CO2: Explain the basics of computers and bioinformatics
CO3: Elaborate the programming languages used in bioinformatics
CO4: Perform the analysis of bio-molecular sequences and structures using tools and software

38
CO5: Enumerate the advanced branches of bioinformatics

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO/ PO PSO
PO/PSO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 H M H
CO2 H M H H H H
CO3 M H M H H H
CO4 H H M M H H H
CO5 M H H H H H

Unit 1: History of Bioinformatics 9 hours

First sequence of a protein-Insulin; Margaret Dayhoff - Atlas of Protein Sequence and
Structure - Comprotein; Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling – Paleogenetics; Walter M
Fitch – Orthology; Needleman and Wunsch – Dynamic Programming Algorithm; Da-Fei Feng
and Russell F. Doolittle; Dayhoff, Schwartz and Orcutt –Amino Acid Substitution; Genetic
code; Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing; Ernest Haeckel –Phylogenetics; GCG suite; Richard
Stallman –GNU; INSDC; Larry Wall- Perl; Guido van Rossum-Python; J. Craig Venter-
Genome Sequencing

Unit 2: Basics of Computers and Bioinformatics 9 hours

Computer-Types-Hardware-Software-Network; Bioinformatics-Sequence, Structure and
Expression Analysis- Bioinformatics Databases- Primary, Secondary, Composite, Sequence,
Structure, Literature, Pathway, Disease and Compound Databases

Unit3: Programming Languages for Bioinformatics 9 hours

Programming languages for bioinformatics-C-C++-JAVA-Python

Unit4: Bio-molecular Sequence and Structure Analysis Tools and Software 9 hours
Local and Global Alignment of Sequences-BLAST, LALIGN, FASTA, Water, Matcher,
Stretcher, Needle; Multiple Alignment of Sequences- Clustal Omega, EMBOSS Cons, Kalign,
MAFFT, MUSCLE, T-Coffee; Phylogenetic Analysis; Structure Analysis of Proteins-Primary-
Secondary-Tertiary-Quaternary

Unit5: Advanced branches of Bioinformatics 9 hours

Computational Biology; Genome, Transcript and Protein Informatics; Systems Biology;
Transcriptomics; Metabolomics.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 45 hours

Experiment 1 - Accessing Biological Databases
Experiment 2 - Analysing Genomes
Experiment 3 - Accessing Uniprot
Experiment 4 - Pairwise Sequence Alignment
Experiment 5 - Database Similarity Search Using Blast
Experiment 6 - Multiple Sequence Alignment
Experiment 7 - Phylogenetic Analysis

39
Experiment 8 - Retrieval and Visualization of Protein Structures
Experiment 9 - Protein Structure Visualization Using Rasmol
Experiment 10 - Analysis of Primary Structure of a Protein Using Protparam
Experiment 11 - Prediction of Secondary Structure of Proteins
Experiment 12- Homology Modeling
Experiment 13- Accessing Ligand Databases
Experiment 14 - Sketching Small Molecule Structures

X-COMPONENT: 15 hours
X-Component Activity – Mini Project
NCBI will be used for retrieval of protein sequences as per the objective of the mini project
UNIPROT will be used for studying the characteristics of protein sequences
PREDICT PROTEIN will be used for predicting the primary structure of proteins
GOR, JPRED, PSIPRED will be used for predicting the secondary structure of proteins
Matcher and Stretcher will be used for pairwise alignment of protein sequences
EMBOSS Cons, Kalign, MAFFT, MUSCLE, T-Coffee will be used for multiple sequence
alignment of protein sequences
STRING will be used for studying the functional interaction between the proteins
ngLOC, WoLF PSORT, PSORT, TMHMM, PHOBIUS and SIGNAIP will be used for sub-
cellular localization and signal peptide prediction of protein sequences

Text Book:

1. Xiong, J. (2014). Essential Bioinformatics. United States: Cambridge University Press.

2. Gromiha, M. M. (2011). Protein Bioinformatics: From Sequence to
Function. India: Elsevier Science.
3. Bassi, S. (2018). Python for Bioinformatics. United States: CRC Press LLC.
4. Model, M. (2010). Bioinformatics Programming Using Python. United States: O'Reilly
Media.
5. Gentleman, R. (2008). R Programming for Bioinformatics. United Kingdom: CRC
Press.
6. Jamison, D. C. (2003). Perl Programming for Biologists. Ukraine: Wiley.

References:

1. Ghosh, Z., Mallick, B. (2008) Bioinformatics: Principles and Applications. India:

Oxford University Press.
2. Mount, D. W., Cao, Z. (2006) Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis. China.
3. Zvelebil, M., Baum, J. O., Zvelebil, M. J., Zvelebil, M. J. (. I. o. C. R. (2008). Understa
nding Bioinformatics. United Kingdom: Garland Science.

40
 L T P X C
212BIT2305 BIOPROCESS PRINCIPLES
3 1 2 0 5

Course objective(s):
To provide overview of fermentation process, basic design of fermenter, media optimization,
sterilization kinetics and to solve basic problems related to metabolic stoichiometry and
kinetics of growth and product formation

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Explain fermenter design and list the roles of a bioprocess engineer in the
bioprocess industry
CO2: Summarize the role of medium formulation and optimization in fermentation
processes
CO3: Describe sterilization kinetics and the modes of sterilization
CO4: Apply metabolic stoichiometry and energetics data in assessing and optimizing
fermentation process
CO5: Express microbial growth kinetics in various modes of fermentation

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 M H M M H H
CO2 M H H M M H H M
CO3 M H M M H H M
CO4 M H M M M H H
CO5 M H M M M H H

Unit 1: OVERVIEW OF FERMENTATION PROCESS 12 hours

Overview of fermentation industry - General requirements of fermentation processes, basic
configuration of fermenter and ancillaries, Instrumentation in bioprocess: main parameters to
be monitored and controlled in fermentation processes - Role of bioprocess engineer in the
biotechnology industry - Unit operations involved in bioprocesses - Modern applications of
biotechnological processes

Unit 2: MEDIA AND MEDIUM OPTIMIZATION FOR BIOPROCESS 12 hours

Criteria for good medium - Medium requirements for fermentation processes and the factors
influencing the choice of medium - carbon, nitrogen, minerals, vitamins and other complex
nutrients, oxygen requirements and antifoams –Medium formulation of optimal growth and
product formation, examples of simple and complex media - Design of various commercial
media for industrial fermentations (Case studies) - Medium optimization methods - Plackett-
Burman and Response Surface Methodology- Overview of animal and plant cell culture media

Unit 3: STERILIZATION KINETICS AND EFFLUENT TREATMENT 12 hours

Sterilization - Thermal death kinetics of microorganisms –Batch and continuous heat
sterilization of liquid media - Filter sterilization of liquid media – Design of filters; Air
sterilization and design of sterilization equipment-Sterilization of fermenter- Effluent
treatment in bioprocesses, types of treatment methods, containment and effluent disposal.

41
Unit 4: METABOLIC STOICHIOMETRY AND ENERGETICS 12 hours
Stoichiometry of cell growth and product formation - Elemental balances, degrees of reduction
of substrate and biomass, available electron balances - Yield coefficients of biomass and
product formation, maintenance coefficients, energetic analysis of microbial growth and
product formation - Oxygen consumption and heat evolution in aerobic cultures,
Thermodynamic efficiency of growth

Unit 5: KINETICS OF MICROBIAL GROWTH AND PRODUCT FORMATION 12

hours
Biomass estimation – Direct and Indirect methods- Types of feeding- Modes of operation -
Batch, fed batch, continuous, perfusion cultivation; Industrial applications - Chemostat -
Turbidostat - Introduction to unstructured models for growth and product formation - Simple
unstructured kinetic models for microbial growth - Monod model - Growth of filamentous
organisms - Product formation kinetics - Leudeking Piret model, Substrate and product
inhibition on cell growth and product formation

List of Experiments: 60 hours

1. Determination of bacterial growth by turbidity measurement; measurement of biomass

by dry weight
2. Study of factors affecting microbial growth
3. Growth kinetics of bacteria – estimation of biomass, calculation of doubling time,
specific growth rate, yield coefficient in shake flask culture
4. Growth of yeast - estimation of biomass, calculation of doubling time, specific growth
rate, yield coefficient in shake flask culture
5. Screening of industrially important microorganisms for enzyme production
6. Enzyme production in shake flasks
7. Estimation of enzyme activity (amylase); Calculation of specific activity
8. Enzyme kinetics – Evaluation of Michaelis- Menten parameters
9. Effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity
10. Immobilization of yeast cells and enzyme immobilization - gel entrapment
11. Kinetics of immobilized enzyme reactions

Text Book (s)

1. Shuler, M.L. and Kargi, F.- Bioprocess Engineering-Basic Concepts- Prentice Hall Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi- 2018 (3rd Edition)
2. Stanbury P, Whitaker A, Hall. S - Principles of Fermentation Technology- Elsevier (An
Imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann)- 2016 (3rd Edition)

Reference (s)
1. Doran, P.M. - Bioprocess Engineering Principles - Academic Press (An Imprint of
Elsevier) New Delhi- 2013 (2nd Edition)
2. Bailey, J.E. and Ollis, D.F. - Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals - McGraw Hill
Publishers, New Delhi- 2004 (2nd Edition)
3. James Lee, M. - Biochemical Engineering - Prentice-Hall Inc Publishers, Delhi- 1992
(1st Edition)
4. Blanch H. W. and Clark, D. S. - Biochemical Engineering - Macel Dekker Inc., - 1997
(2nd Edition)

42
 L T P X C
212BIT2306 GENETIC ENGINEERING
3 1 2 0 5

Course Objective(s):
To describe enzymes and types of vectors involved in cloning how to create recombinant
proteins and its various purification steps; to describe the construction, and application of
genetically modified plants and animals
Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Summarize the enzymes involved in cloning and restriction enzymes in recombinant
DNA technology
CO2: Describe the methods and factors involved in creating recombinant DNA molecules.
CO3: Explain the cloning of a gene in vectors, expression and purification of proteins and its
applications
CO4: Illustrate construction and screening of cDNA and genomic libraries.
CO5: Describe the application of recombinant DNA technology in animal, plant and industry

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M M
CO2 H M M M
CO3 H M M M H M
CO4 H M M M M
CO5 H H M H M H M H

Unit 1:BASICS OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 12 Hours

Gene expression –overview, genetic elements that control gene expression, transcription
factors, regulation of gene expression, chromosomal mapping,- Restriction and modifying
enzymes - Restriction mapping, DNA methylation - Safety guidelines of recombinant DNA
research

Unit 2: CREATION OF RECOMBINANT MOLECULES 12 Hours

Characteristics of plasmid and phage vectors - Prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression vectors -
Insect, yeast and mammalian vectors - promoters used in expression vectors, Method of
creating recombinant DNA molecules - Cloning strategies- restriction digestion - blunt and
cohesive end ligation – design of linkers and adaptors - cloning after homopolymer tailing;
cloning of genes in correct reading frame in expression vector, Promoter problem, Cosak
sequences

Unit 3:EXPRESSION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEIN 12 Hours

Strategies for cloning PCR products – different types of PCR- Primer designing- Creation of
restriction sites, Types of polymerases used in PCR, role of Dpnl in site-directed mutagenesis,
Factors involved in expression of cloned genes, IPTG induction, inclusion bodies, Strategies

43
for purification of recombinant proteins (Size exclusive, Affinity, IMAC chromatography),
Synthetic Biology: Chemical synthesis of DNA - E. coli and Mycoplasma

Unit 4:CONSTRUCTION OF LIBRARIES 12 Hours

Characterization of recombinant clones by Southern & Western Blotting - Characterization of
recombinant clones by Northern Blotting & PCR analysis - Construction of cDNA libraries -
Construction of genomic libraries - Screening of libraries with DNA probes and antisera

Unit 5:APPLICATIONS OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 12 Hours

Methods of gene transfer - Gene transfer in animals - Applications of recombinant technology
in pharmaceutical industry & medicine: Transgenic and knockout animals, Genome editing
techniques, Gene expression profiling: transcriptome analysis. Case study for recombinant
insulin production in diabetic patients

List of Experiments:
1. Isolation of chromosomal DNA from bacteria
2. Sub-cloning of a gene in E. coli – (restriction digestion, gel isolation and ligation,
transformation and screening of recombinants)
3. Polymerase Chain Reaction
4. Restriction digestion
5. Isolation of RNA, first and second strand synthesis of cDNA
6. Southern blotting
7. Northern blotting
8. Western blotting
9. Colony hybridization
10. Site-directed mutagenesis

Text Book:
1. Primrose, S., B. and Twyman, R., M., Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics,
Blackwell Publishing Co., 7thEdition, 2006.
2. Brown, T.A.,Gene Cloning and DNA analysis-An Introduction, Blackwell Science, 2nd
Edition, 2001.
Reference(s):
1. Lodge, J., Lund, P., and Minchin, S., Gene Cloning, Taylor & Francis Group
ISBN: 0-7487-6534-4, 2007.

44
 L T P X C
212BIT3307 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
3 1 2 3 6

Course objective(s):
To study the design, analysis, scale-up of bioreactors and to provide knowledge on modeling
and simulation of bioprocess

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Explain ideal and non-ideal behavior of reactors and describe the configurations and
applications of various bioreactors.
CO2: Suggest scale up of design parameters for bioreactors.
CO3: Develop and apply the models of bioprocess
CO4: Illustrate recombinant cell culture process and design considerations for animal and
plant cell culture
CO5: Understand the design of immobilized cell and enzyme reactors

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H M H H M
CO2 H H H H M
CO3 H H M H H
CO4 H H M M H H
CO5 H H M H H

Unit 1: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BIOREACTORS 12 hours

Ideal reactors-Non-ideal behavior, RTD- Tanks-in-series and dispersion models - Application
to design of continuous sterilizers - Design and operation of novel bioreactors -airlift reactor,
bubble column reactor-Stability analysis of bioreactors

Unit 2: SCALE UP OF BIOREACTORS 12 hours

Role of mass transfer in bioprocessing-Oxygen mass transfer in bioreactors - Microbial oxygen
demands (OUR, OTR) - Methods for the determination of mass transfer coefficients- Factors
affecting kLa - Mass transfer correlations - Scale up criteria for bioreactors based on oxygen
transfer - Power consumption and impeller tip speed- Bioreactor scale up case studies-Regime
analysis of bioreactors

Unit 3: MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF BIOPROCESSES 12 hours

Study of structured models for analysis of various bioprocesses - Compartmental models,
cybernetic models - Models of cellular energetic and metabolism - Single cell models, plasmid
replication and plasmid stability model - Age distribution model for the production of
antibiotics- MATLAB-SIMULINK- Dynamic simulation of batch, fed batch, steady and
transient culture metabolism

Unit 4: MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES 12 hours

Recombinant cell culture processes- Guidelines for choosing host-vector systems, plasmid
stability in recombinant cell culture - Limits to over expression - Bioreactor strategies for
maximizing product formation (recycle bioreactors, multi-stage bioreactors) - Bioprocess
design considerations for plant and animal cell cultures

45
Unit 5: BIOREACTOR CONSIDERATIONS IN IMMOBILIZED CELL AND
ENZYME SYSTEMS 12 hours
Kinetics of immobilized enzymes- Diffusional limitations in immobilized systems-Analysis of
film and pore diffusion effects- Design of immobilized cell/enzyme reactors – Packed bed,
fluidized bed and membrane reactors-Case studies

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 60 hours

1. Demonstration of various bioreactor configurations, parts and integrated process
control systems.
2. Batch sterilization design and Thermal death kinetics
3. Medium optimization – Plackett Burman design
4. Estimation of kLa by sulphite oxidation method.
5. Determination of volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa by static gassing out method
6. Estimation of mixing time in batch reactor.
7. Residence time distribution analysis CSTR, PFR
8. Bioconversion studies with immobilized enzyme using packed - bed reactors
9. Demonstration of fluidized bed reactor
10. Batch cultivation, estimation of kLa – Dynamic gassing method, exhaust gas analysis –
carbon balancing, gas balancing.
11. Study of product formation kinetics
12. Model simulation using MATLAB-SIMULINK
13. Dynamic simulation of batch, continuous and fed-batch cultivation

Text Book
1. Blanch, H. W. and Clark, D. S. - Biochemical Engineering- Macel Dekker Inc., - 1997
(2nd Edition)

References
1. Shuler, M.L. and Kargi, F. - Bioprocess Engineering-Basic Concepts - Prentice Hall
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi – 2006 (2nd Edition)
2. Doran, P.M. - Bioprocess Engineering Principles- Academic Press (An Imprint of
Elsevier), New Delhi – 2013 (2nd Edition)
3. Bailey, J.E. and Ollis, D.F. - Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals- McGraw Hill
Publishers, New Delhi - 2004 (2nd Edition)
4. James Lee, M. - Biochemical Engineering- Prentice-Hall Inc Publishers, New Delhi-
1992 (1st Edition)

L T P X C
212BIT3308 IMMUNOLOGY
3 1 2 0 5

Course Objective(s):
To learn the basic immunological processes that enable the host to fight infections and other
threats that the host may face and, to understand various immunological disorders and immune
based treatment modalities.
Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understand the immune system and their role in host defense, role lymphoid organs,
immune cells and molecules like complement.

46
CO2: Explain the structure and function of immunoglobulins, and genetic regulation of
antibody and development, maturation and activations of B-Lymphocytes.
CO3: Describe the role of T-cells in immunity, different types of antigen presenting cells and
how the antigens are processed and presented.
CO4: Explain the role of immune system against microbial infections and tumour
CO5: Describe the mechanisms involved in Graft rejection, mode of action of
immunosuppressive drugs, the basis for allergy and autoimmune diseases and their treatment.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 M H M M M H M M M
CO2 H M M M M M M M H
CO3 M M H M M
CO4 M M M H M M M M M
CO5 H M M H M H M

Unit 1: The Immune System 12 hours

Historical perspectives in immunology - introduction to the immune system - innate and
acquired immune responses; lymphoid organs: Primary and secondary, anatomy of lymphoid
organs; Cells of the immune system: NK cells, Lymphocytes, their origin and differentiation –
humoral and cell mediated immune response - Antigens, their structure and classification -
Complement system and their biological functions.

Unit 2: Humoral Immunity 12 hours

B-Lymphocytes and their activation and differentiation - Structure and function of
immunoglobulins: immunoglobulin classes and subclasses; immunoglobin gene rearrangement
and generation of antibody diversity - mechanism of activation – co-stimulatory molecules –
class switching and memory - polyclonal antibodies; hybridoma: monoclonal antibodies,
chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies -idiotope and antibodies- antigen-antibody
interactions: principles and applications.

Unit 3: Cellular Immunology 12 hours

T lymphocytes: subsets of T cells - T cell receptors – T cell production and maturation -
Antigen presenting cells - Antigen processing and presentation- role of MHC - activation and
differentiation of CTLs and T-helper cells Cytokines and their functional role in immune
response

Unit 4: Immunity to Infection 12 hours

Microbial pathogenicity – virulence factors - humoral response to pathogens, cellular response
to pathogens - Host-pathogen interaction - immunity to mucosal surfaces; Cancer and the
immune system: mechanisms of immunity to tumor antigens; Case studies in infection and
immunity

47
Unit 5: Transplantation and Autoimmunity 12 hours
Transplantation: tissue and organ grafting - graft versus host reaction, graft rejection -
mechanisms of graft rejection - prevention of graft rejection – immunosuppression -
immunosuppressive drugs - HLA and disease. Immunologic tolerance and autoimmunity –
autoimmune diseases: examples, pathogenesis, experimental models and Treatment of
autoimmune disorders; AIDS and other immune deficiencies - Hypersensitivity reactions – IgE
and allergy - case studies

Text Book:
1. Abbas, A.K., A.H. Lichtman, S. Pillai. Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of
the Immune System, 6th edition, Elsevier, 2019
2. Janes Kuby., Immunology, WH Freeman and Company, New York, 7th Edition 2013

Reference(s):
1. Robert R. Rich, Thomas A Fleisher, William T. Shearer, Harry Schroeder, Anthony J.
Frew, and Cornelia M. Weyand, (2013). Clinical Immunology, 4th Edition, Elsevier
Limited.
2. Jeneway, C. A Jr. and Travers, P.T., Immunobiology, Blackwell Scientific Publishers,
Oxford, 8th Edition 2014
3. Roitt, I., Essential Immunology, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 12th Edition
2011

List of Experiments: 45 hours

1. Agglutination: identification of blood group
2. Single Radial Immunodiffusion
3. Outcherlony double diffusion
4. Immunoelectrophoresis
5. Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis
6. Animal handling: immunization and bleeding of mouse, rat and rabbit
7. Isolation of lymphocytes from spleen
8. Complement Fixation test
9. ELISA: Dot and plate ELISA
10. Sandwich ELISA
11. Western blot

BIOSEPARATION PRINCIPLES AND L T P X C

212BIT3309
APPLICATIONS 3 1 2 3 6

Course objective(s):
To provide understanding of the principles and applications of downstream processing

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will be able to

48
CO1: Recognize the fundamental understanding of physical and chemical properties of
biological materials and their separation and purification
CO2: Explain the various principles that underlie major unit operations used in bioseparations
such as settling, evaporation, centrifugation, and membrane filtration.
CO3: Explain the principles of protein precipitation, aqueous two phase extraction, adsorption
and chromatography
CO4: Describe the various concepts of final bioproduct formulation and finishing operations
such as crystallization, drying and lyophilization
CO5: Sketch different types of process to recover and purify the bio-molecules.

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO PO PSO
/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PO/
PSO
CO1 H H
CO2 H M M H H
CO3 H M M H H
CO4 H H H M
CO5 H H H H M H H M

Unit 1: Introduction and Importance of Bioseparations 12 Hours

Characteristics of biomolecules and their differences, range and characteristics of bioproducts,
characteristics of fermentation broths, fundamental principles of obtaining the product from
cell cultures – intracellular vs. extracellular product, Cell disruption methods, overview and
importance of various bioseparation methods

Unit 2: Physical Methods of Separation 12 Hours

Settling and Sedimentation, Unit operation for solid-liquid separation - filtration and
centrifugation, types of evaporators, multiple effect evaporators, industrially important
membrane separation processes: reverse-osmosis, ultrafiltration and micro-filtration.

Unit 3: Isolation of Products 12 Hours

Precipitation and its mechanism, concentrating and purifying antibiotics and proteins, Single-
stage equilibrium extraction; types of equipment and design for extraction, aqueous two phase
extraction, Adsorption processes, isotherms and techniques, Chromatography, basic principles,
classification instruments and practice: ion exchange, affinity, hydrophobic interaction,
reversed phase, fast protein liquid and gel filtration.

Unit 4: Product Formulation and Finishing Operations 12 Hours

Stabilization of bioproducts, Crystallization, theory and types of crystals, equipment for
crystallizations, Introduction and methods of drying, Freeze-drying of biological materials.
Large scale purification of recombinant proteins and metabolites

49
 Unit 5: Applications and Case Studies 12 Hours
Separation of targeted recombinant proteins, case studies: recovery of enzymes and byproducts
from genetically modified microbes, downstream processing of bioproducts from transgenic
feedstock.

List of Experiments 60 Hours

1. Disruption of bacterial cells by ultrasonication
2. Precipitation of protein by ammonium sulphate
3. Extraction of proteins from E. coli by enzymatic cell disruption
4. Adsorption of acetic acid from aqueous solution by activated carbon
5. Solid-Liquid separation by centrifugation
6. Aqueous two-phase extraction
7. Isoelectric precipitation of casein from milk
8. Solid-liquid separation by microfiltration
9. Resolving of mixtures of amino acids by Thin Layer chromatography
10. Crystallization of salicylic acid.
Textbook(s):
1. Harrison R G, Todd P, Todd P W, Petrides DP, Rudge SR - Bioseparations Science and
Engineering - Oxford University Press, USA - 2015
2. Ladisch, M. R - Bioseparations Engineering: Principles, Practice and Economics – Wiley,
New York - 2001
3. Belter Paul A., Edward L Cussler, and W. Hu - Bioseparations: downstream processing
for biotechnology - Wiley, New York - 1987.
Reference(s):
1. Sivasankar B - Bioseparations: Principles and Techniques - PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. - 2005.
2. Gajanan Gaikar V, Doble M, Kurnar Kruthiventi A - Biotransformations and bioprocesses
- CRC Press - 2004.
3. Scopes R K - Protein purification: principles and practice - Springer Science & Business
Media - 2013.
4. Desai M A - Downstream processing of proteins: methods and protocols - Springer
Science & Business Media - 2000.

212MAT2302 NUMERICAL METHODS AND LAPLACE 3 0 0 0 3

TRANSFORMS

Course Outcomes:
CO 1: To solve system of equations and understand concepts of eigen values, errors
CO 2: To understand and appreciate numerical differentiation and integration
CO 3: To solve Initial Value Problems for ODEs
CO4: To analyze Boundary Value Problems for PDEs
CO5: To apply Laplace Transforms

50
 Mapping of course outcomes

CO/ PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H M H H
CO2 H H M
CO3 H H M H H
CO4 H H M H
CO5 H H M

Unit I Solution of Equations and Eigen Values 9 hours

Solutions of algebraic and transcendental equations: Iteration method and Newton-Raphson

method – Solutions of linear simultaneous equations: Direct methods – Gauss elimination
method and Gauss Jordan method – Iterative methods - Gauss Jacobi method and Gauss-Seidel
method – Matrix inversion by Gauss Jordan method – Eigen values of a matrix by Jacobi
method-Errors in numerical computation, Error type, Analysis and Estimation

Unit II Numerical Differentiation and Integration 9 hours

Approximation of derivatives using Newton’s forward and backward difference interpolation,

Newton’s divided difference interpolation and Lagrange’s interpolation – Gauss forward and
backward difference interpolation-Numerical integration using Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s
rules.

Unit III Initial Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations 9 hours

Single step methods- Taylor series method, Euler and Modified Euler methods- Runge Kutta
Method for first order, simultaneous and second order equations - Multi-step method - Milne’s
predictor-corrector methods for solving first order equation.

Unit IV Boundary Value Problems for Partial Differential Equations 9 hours

Finite difference techniques for the solution of two dimensional Laplace and Poisson equations
for rectangular domain – One dimensional heat-flow equation by explicit and implicit methods

UNIT V Laplace Transforms 9 hours

Existence conditions – Transforms of elementary functions – Transform of unit step function

and unit impulse function – Basic properties – Shifting theorems – Transforms of derivatives
and integrals – Initial and Final Value Theorems – Inverse Transforms – Convolution Theorem
– Transform of periodic functions – Application to solution of linear ordinary differential
equations with constant coefficients.

51
 PROGRAMME ELECTIVE COURSES

L T P C
213BIT1101 GENETICS
3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:
To gain basic knowledge about the fundamentals of genetics, sex determination and genetic
disorders

Course outcome(s):
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: To summarize the concepts of Mendelian genetics
CO2: To describe about the sex determination and gene frequency
CO3: To analyze the organization of chromosome and mutations
CO4: To illustrate the principles of DNA linkage and mapping
CO5: To Outline the various genetic disorders

Mapping of course outcomes

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M H M M M
CO2 H M H M M M
CO3 H M H M M M H M
CO4 H M H M M M
CO5 H H H M M H M

Unit 1: Mendelian Genetics 9 hours

Mendelian Experiments with pea plants, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, back cross, test
cross, genetic ratios, self-pollination and cross pollination–Mendelian laws of inheritance, law
of segregation and laws of independent assortment–Dominance and lethal genes–Dominance
relationships, lethal gene action, gene interactions and Epistasis.

Unit 2: Sex Determination and Gene Frequency 9 hours

Vehicles of heredity, Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, Deviations from Hardy Weinberg
Equilibrium, Gene frequency Allele and Genotype Frequencies, sex determination in plants
and animals, sex linked inheritance– Inheritance patterns and Pedigrees, Pedigree symbols and
analysis, Extra chromosomal inheritance

Unit 3: Applied Genetics 9 hours

Chromosome organization, structure and variation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes,
Mutations and mutagenesis, Giant chromosomes – polytene and lampbrush, deletion, inversion,
translocation, duplication. Variation in chromosomal numbers – aneuploidy, euploidy,
polyploidy, Ames test, karyotyping

52
Unit 4: Linkage and Mapping: 9 hours
Linkage and chromosome mapping: Linkage and recombination, linkage maps, linkage
mapping with molecular markers, DNA testing, DNA tests for identity and relationships
including forensic capplications, Crossing over – cytological basis of crossing over,
interference, coincidence, genotype frequency, somatic cell hybridization.

Unit 5: Genetic diseases 9 hours

Inborn errors of metabolism, Molecular basis of diseases, Autosomal dominant disorders,
Hemoglobinopathies, colour blindness, hemophilia, Sickle cell, hemochromatosis,
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Huntington’s Disease, Cystic fibrosis, Age-related macular
degeneration, Obesity, Type 2 diabetes, Psychiatric disease, including missing heritability,
autism

Text Book(s)
1. Gardner, E.J., Simons, M.J., Snustad, D.P–Principles of Genetics–Wiley-India
Ltd,New Delhi–2008 (8th Edition)
2. Griffiths AJF, Wessler SR, Lewontin RC and Carroll SB (2015). An
Introduction to genetic analysis. 11thed. W.H Freeman.

Reference(s)
1. Strachan, T., and Read A.P.–Human Molecular Genetics–Garland Publishing–
2004(3rd Edition).
2. David L. Rimoin, Reed E. Pyeritz, Bruce Korf (2013). Emery and Rimoin’s
Essential Medical Genetics. Elsevier.
3. Hartl, D.L. et al. (2012). Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes, 8th ed.,
Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

L T P C
213BIT1102 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To describe general features and various types of anatomical and physiological systems in
human and, how they are performing functions through organs and its applications
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: List the general and basics of human body orientations and skin architecture
CO2: Demonstrate structure, types and function of skeletal, muscular and digestive system
CO3: Explain and illustrate how respiratory, circulatory and nervous system are performing
functions in human systems
CO4: Discuss reproductive, urinary and endocrine system are how efficiently regulating the
functions in human systems
CO5: Explain important applications which are involved in the functional validation of
physiological and anatomical test

53
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/
PSO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 H H H H M H M
CO2 H M M M H M H M
CO3 H H M M M H M
CO4 H H M H M M H M
CO5 H M M M M M H M

Unit 1: HUMAN BODY AND ITS ORIENTATION

An overview of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural organization, from atoms to
organism, organ system -overview, Anatomical position, directional and regional terms,
homeostasis and feedback mechanism, cell and tissues and its type and structures, cell
physiology, membrane transport and potentials- Classification of skin and body membrane,
epithelial, cutaneous, mucous, and connective tissue membrane, integumentary system, hair
and hair follicles, nail, infection and allergies

Unit 2: SKELETAL, MUSCULAR AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

overview of body bones: skull, vertebrae, and thoracic cage, bones of limbs, joints and its
types, structure, classification and functions of bone, anatomy of bone, bone formation, growth
and remodelling, bone fracture - types of tissues: epithelial, connective, and muscle and its
classifications structure and functions- tissue repairing, development of cells and tissues-
anatomy and physiology of digestive system, function of the digestive system, activities if the
stomach, large and small intestines

Unit 3: RESPIRATORY, CIRCULATORY AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

Functional anatomy of respiratory system, lung, respiratory physiology, respiratory disorders,
developmental aspects of respiratory system- Structure, composition and functions of blood -
heart, anatomy of heart, heart valves, physiology of the heart, gross anatomy of blood vessels,
physiology of circulation - organization of the nervous system, nervous tissues structure and
function, central and peripheral nervous system, autonomous nervous system

Unit 4: REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY, URINARY AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems, male reproductive function, female
reproductive functions and cycles, pregnancies and embryonic development- physiology and
anatomy of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladders, and urethra, fluid electrolyte, acid and base
balance-Endocrine system and hormone function - an overview, hormone action, stimuli for
control of hormone release, major endocrine organs, other hormone producing tissues

Unit 5: APPLICATIONS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Anatomy of skeletal systems: x-ray, and digital x-ray, CT and MRI scan of bones and other
organ, measurement of respiratory quotient, heart functions: ECG, Treadmill test,
echocardiogram, Cardiac catheterization and angiogram, trans-oesophageal echocardiogram

54
(TEE) - lung spirometry test – kidney urinalysis, serum creatinine test, blood urea nitrogen
(BUN), - nervous system electromyography test, positron emission tomography (PET), and
single proton emission (SPECT) scans – hormone blood test.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Marieb. E. N, Keller, S. M. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, Pearson
publishers, 12th edition, 2018.
2. Shier D.N., Butler J.L., Lewis R. - Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology, McGraw-
Hill Education, 15th edition, 2017.
3. David Sturgeon - Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology for healthcare students,
Routledge publishers, 1st edition, 2018.
4. Longenbaker, S. Mader's Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology. McGraw-
Hill publishers, 8th edition, 2013

L T P C
213BIT1103 BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
3 0 0 3
To understand the role of biological processes are controlled by underlying
Objective(s)
chemical principles.
Course Outcome(s)
CO1 Explain the concepts in bonding and stereochemistry
CO2 Explain the different reactions in bioorganic chemistry
Explain the basic concepts about kinetic method and different mechanism
CO3
involved
CO4 Describe the catalytic activity and reactivity in bioorganic chemistry
CO5 Describe the interaction between structures and the biological partners.
Mapping of Course Outcomes:
CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO 1 H H M H H H H H H
CO 2 H H H H H H H H
CO 3 H H H H
CO 4 H H H H H H H H
CO 5 H H H H H H H

UNIT I THE CHEMICAL BOND AND STEREOCHEMISTRY 9 hours

Atoms Electrons and orbitals- Molecular orbital theory - Linear combinations of atomic
orbitals, Bonding and nonbonding interactions – Octet rule – types of bonds –ionic and
covalent bond - Valence bond theory– sigma and pi bonds - Homonuclear diatomic molecules.
Heteronuclear diatomic molecules, structures of polyatomic molecules. Hybridization - sp, sp2
and sp3 hybridization - Conformation analysis - ethane, butane and cyclohexane – Cis-Trans
isomerism. Stereochemical activity around the tetrahedral carbon - optical activity -
Conformation of the peptide bond.

55
Unit II MECHANISMS OF SUBSTITUTION AND ADDITION REACTIONS 9 hours
SN1 and SN2 reactions on tetrahedral carbon- nucleophiles- mechanism steric effects –
nucleophilic addition on Acetals and ketals -Aldehyde and ketone groups – reactions of
carbonyl group with amines- acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis – Saponification of an ester
hydrolysis of amides. Ester enolates – claisen condensation – Michael condensation.
UNIT III KINETICS AND MECHANISM 9 hours
Kinetic method – Rate law and mechanism – Transition states- Intermediates – Trapping of
intermediates – Microscopic reversibility – Kinetic and thermodynamic reversibility – Isotopes
for detecting intermediates. Primary and secondary isotopes – the Arrhenius equation, Eyring
equation – ΔG, ΔS, ΔH, Thermodynamics of coupled reactions.
UNIT IV CATALYSIS 9 hours
Reactivity – Coenzymes – Proton transfer – metal ions – Intra molecular reactions – Covalent
catalysis – Catalysis by organized aggregates and phases. Inclusion complexation.
UNIT V BIOORGANIC REACTIONS 9 hours
Timing of Bond formation and fission – Acyl group transfer – C-C bond formation and fission
– Catalysis of proton transfer reactions – Transfer of hydride ion – Alkyl group. Transfer –
Terpene biosynthesis – Merrifield state peptide synthesis – Sanger method for peptide and
DNA sequencing.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Carey, Francis A. Organic Chemistry. 7th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.
2. Page, M.I. and Andrew Williams ―Organic and Bio-organic Mechanisms‖. Pearson, 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Dugas, Hermann, Bioorganic Chemistry: A Chemical Approach to Enzyme Action, 3rd
Edition, Springer, 2003

L T P C
213BIT1104 INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To impart knowledge on fermentation process with respect to upstream processing and to
understand the concepts of production of primary and secondary metabolites

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Appreciate the importance of fermentation and screening of microbes of industrial
importance
CO2: Explain the medium requirements for fermentation processes
CO3: Compare various types of fermentation processes
CO4: Sketch and describe the production of primary and secondary metabolites
CO5: Discuss the production of microbial enzymes, biofertilizers, biopesticides and modern
biotechnological products

56
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M M M H H
CO2 H M M M H H
CO3 H M M M H H
CO4 H M M M H H
CO5 H M M M H H

Unit 1: Introduction to Industrial Bioprocess 9 hours

Introduction to fermentation process - definition, scope, history, microorganisms and industrial
products - Screening for microbes of industrial importance - Isolation and preservation of
industrial microorganisms - Primary screening (screening for amylase, organic acid, antibiotic,
amino acid and vitamin producing microorganisms) and secondary screening - Process flow
sheeting- Basic concepts of upstream and downstream processing in bioprocess

Unit 2: Strain Improvement and Media Preparation 9 hours

Methods of strain improvement - inoculum media and inoculum preparation- Medium
requirements for fermentation process- Examples of simple and complex media, raw materials,
saccharides, starchy and cellulosic materials, nitrogen sources

Unit 3: Fermentation Process 9 hours

Types of fermentation processes - Solid state, surface and submerged fermentations - batch,
fed-batch, continuous fermentations - Direct-dual or multiple fermentations - Scale up of
fermentations-Process economics

Unit 4: Production of Primary and Secondary Metabolites 9 hours

Fermentative production of alcohol-ethanol, organic acids- citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid,
Aminoacids- glutamic acid, vitamins- vitamin B12, - antibiotics- commercial production of
benzyl penicillin and tetracycline- Single cell protein production- Mushroom cultivation

Unit 5: Production of Enzymes and other Biotechnological Products 9 hours

Production and application of industrial enzymes (amylase, protease, lipases) - Microbial
biopesticides and biofertilizers, Biopolymers, Biofuels, Recombinant products- Case studies
for production of insulin and vaccines

Text Book(s):
1. Wulf Cruger and Anneliese Cruger., A text book of Industrial Microbiology, CBS
Publishers & Distributors New Delhi, India 2nd edition, 2016.
2. A.H. Patel., Industrial Microbiology, Laxmi Publications Publishers India, 2nd edition, 2016.

References(s):
1. Prescott and Dunn, Industrial Microbiology, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 4th Edition, 2005
2. Stanbury, P.F., and Whitaker, A., Principles of Fermentation Technology, Pergamon Press,
Oxford, 3rd Edition, 2016.

57
 L T P C
213BIT1105 PROTEIN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To describe the various structural forms of proteins; To understand the functional regulation of
proteins and their expression methodologies; To enumerate the various bioinformatics tools
and their industrial applications.

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:

CO1: Explain and compare the different level of protein structure and their interdependence
and protein folding
CO2: Describe the regulation of gene expression control and function of proteins with
examples of proton pump and photoreaction center
CO3: Explain the theoretical knowledge of cloning of a gene on expression vector and
purification of proteins with various column
CO4: Describe various bioinformatics tools which are involved in phylogenetic analysis,
structure and functional prediction of proteins
CO5: Describe the protein engineering techniques how to utilize in industrial biotechnology

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 M M M H M M M M
CO2 H M M M M M M M M M
CO3 H M H H M M M M
CO4 H M M M M M
CO5 H M M M M H M M H M

Unit 1: STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS 9 hours

Introduction to protein structure – Hierarchy in protein structure - peptide bond, alpha, beta
and reverse turn structures - Super secondary structures - alpha-turn-alpha, beta-turn-beta ,
alpha-beta-alpha and TIM barrel structures - Tertiary structure – architecture of proteins -
motif, domains and complex folds, Quaternary structure – complexity and subunit interactions.

Unit 2: ANALYTICAL METHODS 9 hours

Peptide mapping and sequencing, automated Edman method and mass spec - high throughput
protein sequencing setup, Overview of methods to determine 3D structures: XRD and NMR

Unit 3: STRUCTURE - FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP 9 hours

DNA binding proteins - helix-turn-helix motif – Homeodomain and POU domain – zinc finger
– C2C2 and C2H2 – amphipathic helix - leucine zippers and helix – loop - helix - Membrane
proteins - General characteristics, trans-membrane segments - Bacteriorhodopsin and
photosynthetic reaction center, Serine protease and Ribonuclease

58
Unit 4: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS 9 hours
Physical approach – total potential energy and configurational space of the system-
Comparative approach – Homology modeling – steps, shortcomings and overall efficiency-
Structure prediction, assessments and verification.

Unit 5: ENGINEERING OF PROTEIN 9 hours

Strategies and approach of protein engineering – De novo design, rationale and directed
evolution- Stabilization of industrial enzymes by protein engineering – design of ß-glycoside
hydrolases – engineering specificity and stability in glucoamylase - Engineering proteins for
biosensors

Text Book:
1. Branden, C., Tooze, R., Introduction of Protein structure, Garland, 1st Edition, 1993.
2. Lilia Alberghina., Protein Engineering in Industrial Biotechnology, Harwood Academic
publishers, Netherland, Reprint, 2003
Reference(s):
1. Creighton, T.E., Proteins, WH Freeman, New York, 2nd Edition, 1993
2. Voet, D., and Voet, G., Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, Singapore, 6 rd Edition,
2013.

L T P C
213BIT1106 FOOD PROCESSING & TECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To impart knowledge on fundamental food processing and preservation and to educate quality
assurance in food industries

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Outline the main ways in which primary production of food is of importance to food
quality.
CO2: Describe the general features and importance of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates in
Foods and storage
CO3: Describe the major chemical reactions that occur during food processing
CO4: Identify the beneficial and detrimental roles played by microorganisms in the food
Industry.
CO5: Explain the importance of food hygiene and wastages in various processes in food
industry

59
 Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H M H
CO2 H H M H H
CO3 H M H H H H
CO4 H H H M M H M
CO5 H H H H M H

Unit 1: Processing of Food and its Importance 9 hours

Processing of food– cereals, pulses, grains, vegetables and fruits, milk and animal foods, sea
weeds, algae, oil seeds & fats, sugars, tea, coffee, cocoa, spices and condiments, additives;
need and significance of processing these foods, Important case studies processing of tea and
coffee

Unit 2: Methods of Food Handling and Storage 9 hours

Nature of harvested crop, plant and animal; storage of raw materials and products using low
temperature, refrigerated gas storage of foods, gas packed refrigerated foods, Gas atmospheric
storage of meat, grains, seeds and flour, roots and tubers; freezing of raw and processed foods.

Unit 3: Large-Scale Food Processing 9 hours

Milling of grains and pulses; edible oil extraction; Pasteurization of milk and yoghurt; canning
and bottling of foods; drying – Traditional and modern methods of drying, Dehydration of
fruits, vegetables, milk, animal products etc.; preservation by use of acid, sugar and salt;
Pickling and curing with microorganisms, use of salt, and microbial fermentation; frying,
baking, extrusion cooking, snack foods; Important case studies in dairy products with reference
to chocolate.

Unit 4: Food Microbiology and Food Spoilage 9 hours

Importance and significance of microorganisms in food science. Types of microorganisms
Associated with food, its sources, Utilization of microorganisms in food industries-Genetic
manipulations, Fermented Food Products, mycoproteins. Characteristic features, dynamics and
significance of spoilage of different groups of foods. Food borne illness: Important case studies
in Food borne illness with reference to fermented products

Unit 5: Quality Assurance 9 hours

Food related hazards – Biological hazards – physical hazards –Food adulteration – definition,
common food adulterants, contamination with toxic metals, pesticides and insecticides; Safety
in food procurement, storage handling and preparation; Relationship of microbes to sanitation,
Public health hazards due to contaminated water and food; Personnel hygiene; sterilization and
disinfection of manufacturing plant; use of sanitizers, detergents, heat, chemicals, Cleaning of
equipment and premises. Waste disposal-solid and liquid waste; rodent and insect control; use

60
of pesticides; Important case studies with reference to Food waste disposal-solid and liquid in
food pathogenic organism

Text Books
1. Lopez, G.F.G. and Canovas, G.V.B., Food Science and Food Biotechnology, CRC
Press, Florida, USA, 2013.
2. Roger, A., Gordan, B., and John, T., Food Biotechnology, Cambridge University Press,
USA, 5st Edition, 2014
3. Pelezar, M.I and Reid, R.D., Microbiology, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York,
5th Edition, 2015.
4. James, M.J. Modern Food Microbiology, CBS Publisher, 3rd Edition, 2010.
References
1. George, J. B., Basic Food Microbiology, Springer Verlag, London, 2nd Edition, 1995.
2. James, M. J., Modern Food Microbiology, Springer Verlag, London, 7th Edition, 2006.
3. Frazier, W.C., Westhoff, D.C., Food Microbiology, McGraw-Hill Book Co, New York,
4th Edition, 1988.

REACTION ENGINEERING FOR L T P C

213CHE1122
BIOTECHNOLOGISTS 3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To impart knowledge on reaction kinetics and engineering pertaining to bioprocess

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Explain the basic knowledge on reaction kinetics.
CO2: Design equations to determine the performance of ideal reactors
CO3: Create various models for describing non- ideal behavior of reactors
CO4: Analyze performance of solid catalyzed reaction systems.
CO5: Describe biochemical reaction systems.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M H H
CO2 H M H H
CO3 H M H H
CO4 H M H H
CO5 H M H H

Unit 1: Introduction to chemical reaction Kinetics 9 hours

Law of mass action, rate equation, elementary, non-elementary reactions and their
mechanisms, theories of reaction rate and temperature dependency, analysis of experimental

61
reactor data, evaluation of rate equation, integral and differential analysis for constant and
variable volume system, fitting of data complex reaction mechanism, searching of reaction
mechanism

Unit 2: Ideal Reactors 9 hours

Outline of chemical and biochemical reactors, Isothermal and non-isothermal homogeneous
reactor systems, adiabatic reactors, performance equations for single and multiple reactors

Unit 3: Non-Ideal Reactors 9 hours

Residence time distribution of fluids in vessels, E curve, F curve, RTD in non-ideal flow; non-
ideal flow models-one parameter models, conversion in non-ideal reactors

Unit 4: Kinetics of heterogeneous Reaction System 9 hours

Introduction to heterogeneous (solid catalyzed) reactions, the rate equation for surface
kinetics, Pore Diffusion Resistance Combined with Surface Kinetics, Performance Equations
for reactors containing porous catalyst particles, design of a adiabatic packed bed system,
reactors with suspended solid catalyst: Fluidized reactors.

Unit 5: Biochemical Reaction System 9 hours

Michaelis-Menten kinetics (M-M Kinetics), kinetics expression for microbial fermentation,
substrate limiting microbial fermentation in batch and mixed flow fermenters, product limiting
microbial fermentation in batch and mixed flow fermenters.

Text Book (s)

1. Levenspiel, O. Chemical Reaction Engineering- John Wiley- 2009 (3rd Edition)
2. Smith, J.M. Chemical Engineering Kinetics- McGraw-Hill- 1981 (3rd Edition)

Reference (s)
1. Missen, R.W., Mims, C.A. and Saville, B.A. Introduction to chemical reaction
engineering and kinetics- John Wiley & Sons- 1998
2. Fogler. H.S. Elements of Chemical reaction engineering- Prentice Hall- 2005 (4th
edition)

L T P C
213CHE1123 MASS TRANSFER
3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Solve diffusion and diffusion related problems
CO2: Estimate mass transfer coefficients for gas ‚ liquid contacting systems
CO3: Estimate the number of stages for distillation and absorption column
CO4: Solve problems related to extraction and leaching,
CO5: Explain about adsorption, crystallisation and drying

62
 Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO/ PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO PSO

PO/PSO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 H M M H H
CO2 H M M H H
CO3 H M M H H
CO4 H M M H H
CO5 H M H H

UNIT-1 DIFFUSION
Diffusion, Equation of continuity - Unimolecular diffusion and equimolar counter diffusion
applied to both gases and liquids - Diffusion in solids, Knudsen diffusion, measurement of
diffusivity of liquids and gases - Empirical relations for measurement of diffusivity of gases
and liquids.

UNIT-2 INTERPHASE MASS TRANSFER

Mass transfer coefficients (k type and f-type), overall and local mass transfer coefficients,
Lewis Whitman two phase theory, estimation of mass transfer coefficients, analogy between
transport processes - Theories of mass transfer - Gas liquid contacting devices – Convective
mass transfer.

UNIT-3 VAPOR-LIQUID & GAS-LIQUID OPERATIONS

Vapour liquid equilibria, T-x-y and P-x-y diagrams, steam distillation, flashing, differential
distillation, design of continuous counter current distillation process - McCabe Thiele method,
(binary components only) - Packed column distillation, HTU, NTU and HETP concepts -
Principles of gas absorption, single and multi-component absorption, absorption with chemical
reaction, design principles of absorbers, HTU & NTU concepts, industrial absorbers.

UNIT-4 EXTRACTION OPERATIONS

Single stage Liquid - liquid extraction process, equipment and design for liquid-liquid
extraction, staged and continuous extraction - Solid-liquid Equilibria -Leaching principles,
equipment for solid-liquid leaching, counter current multi stage leaching, extraction of
biological materials.

UNIT-5 SOLID - FLUID OPERATIONS

Finishing and polishing of biomaterials, Adsorption equilibria - Batch and fixed bed adsorption
- Ion exchange process, Introduction and equipment for crystallisation, crystallisation theory,
drying: Mechanism, drying curves, time of drying, batch and continuous dryers.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Treybal, R.E.- Mass Transfer Operations- McGraw Hill, New Delhi- 3rd Edition-1981
2. Geankoplis, C.J.- Transport Processes and Unit Operations- Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi- 3rd Edition- 2002.

REFERENCES
1. Coulson, J.M., Richardson, J.F., Backhurst, J.R., Harker, J.M., Coulson and Richardsons -
Chemical Engineering - Volume II - Butter worth Heinemann, Oxford- 5th Edition- 2002.

63
 L T P C
213BIT2107 CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
3 0 0 3

Course Objectives
The course aims to provide an advanced understanding of the biochemical mechanisms and
pathophysiological processes responsible for common biochemical disorders. The course
provides an overview of normal and abnormal metabolic functions and the impact of disorders
on metabolic processes.

Course Outcomes
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Gain knowledge of the basic concepts of clinical biochemistry and biological samples
collection procedures.
CO2: Understand the types, clinical manifestations and treatment of Diabetes mellitus and
various disorders of carbohydrate metabolic pathways.
CO3: Detail the various types of amino acidurias and nucleic acid metabolism disorders.
CO4: Elaborate the role of serum lipids in diseases and understand the clinical features of
atherosclerosis.
CO5: Explain the different types of anaemia and the clinical application of enzymes in diagnosis
of clinical disorders by estimating biomarkers in diseases of various organs.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M H H
CO2 H M M M M M H M
CO3 H M M H M
CO4 H M M M M M H M
CO5 H M M M H M

Unit I Introduction to clinical Biochemistry

The use of biochemical tests, Units and abbreviations used in expressing concentrations and
standard solutions. Specimen collection – blood specimens, urine specimen and processing, anti-
coagulants and preservatives for blood and urine. Transport of specimens. Sampling errors,
Interpretation of results, Reference ranges.
Unit II Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
Diabetes mellitus-types, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and metabolic alterations. Blood
glucose regulation, hypo and hyperglycemia. Glycosuria, galactosemia and fructosuria. Late
complications of Diabetes mellitus, glucose tolerance test, Diabetic ketoacidosis. Glycogen
storage diseases. Diagnosis and monitoring of Diabetes mellitus.

64
Unit III Disorders of amino acids and nucleic acid metabolism
Disorders of plasma protein – γ-globulinemia, proteinuria. Uremia, Urecemia and Porphyria.
Maple syrup urine disease. Phenylketonuria . Homocystinuria. Tyrosinemia. Inborn errors of
amino acid metabolism. Disorders of nucleic acid metabolism - Gout, Lesch – Nhyan syndrome,
Von Gierke’s disease, hypouricemia, orotic aciduria,
Unit IV Disorders of lipid metabolism
Serum lipids in diseases - cholesterol, lipidosis, triglyceridemia. Hypocholesterolemia and
hypercholesterolemia. Hyperlipidaemia and management, Clinical features of atherosclerosis,
obesity and fatty liver. Diagnostic test for apo lipoproteins, HDL and LDL cholesterol and
triglyceride disorder.
Unit V Hematology and organ function test
Hematology - Anemia and its types – anemia related to shape and size of RBC, anemia due to
nutritional deficiencies, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinopathy and thalassemia. Disorders of
blood clotting pathway. Hemophilias. Organ function test- liver diseases (jaundice, hepatitis,
Reye’s syndrome) and liver function test, renal diseases (glomerulonephritis, nephritic
syndrome, urinary tract infection) and renal function test.

Text Books
1. M.N. Chatterjee & Ranashinde, Text Book of Medical Biochemistry. Jaypee Brothers
Medical Publisher (P) Ltd. 6th edition (2006).
2. Carl A. Burtis, Edward R. Ashwood and David E. Bruns (eds), Tietz Textbook of Clinical
Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis. 5th edition, 2012.
3. Thomas M. Devlin, Biochemistry with clinical correlation. John Wiley & Sons. 7th Ed, 2010.
4. Allan Gaw, Michael J. Murphy, Rajeev Srivastava, Robert A. Cowan, Denis St. J. O'Reilly,
Clinical Biochemistry, 5th edition, 2013.
5. Graham Basten, Introduction to Clinical Biochemistry, Interpreting Blood Results. Book
Boon. 2 nd edition, 2011.

L T P C
213BIT2108 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To familiarize the students with biotechnological interventions related to environment
Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Recognize the fundamentals of environmental microbiology and understand the sources
of various environmental pollutants
CO2: Bring out the importance of various bioremediation methods for organic contaminants
and toxic metal removal
CO3: List out the pros and cons of the biodegradation methods
CO4: Identify different engineering strategies for bioremediation
CO5: To present an overview of case studies involved pollutant removal and energy
generation.

65
 Mapping of Course Outcomes:
CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H M H H H
CO2 H M H M H H
CO3 H M H H H M
CO4 H H H H H H
CO5 H M M H H H

Unit 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

POLLUTANTS 9 hours
General characters, important uses and harmful effects of a) Protozoa b) algae, c) fungi,
d) bacteria and e) viruses; Prokaryotes versus eukaryotes- Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cell
structure, three domains of life. Sources and effects of Pollution; Environmental problems-air,
water and soil pollution

Unit 2: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AND REACTIONS 9 hours

Environment of Soil Microorganisms, Soil Microorganisms Association with Plants;
Bioremediation, advantages and disadvantages; In-situ and ex-situ bioremediation; Role of
environmental biotechnology in the management of environmental problems, Biotechnology
methods for pollution detection - Biosensors

Unit 3: BIOTRANSFORMATION AND BIODEGRADATION 9 hours

Common prejudices against the use of enzymes- Advantages & Disadvantages of Biocatalysts
- Isolated Enzymes versus whole cell systems- Mechanistic Aspects and Enzyme Sources,
Xenobiotic compounds: Aliphatic, Aromatics, Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, Polycyclic aromatic
compounds, Pesticides, Surfactants and microbial treatment of oil pollution

Unit 4: BIOREMEDIATION OF SOIL, WATER AND AIR ENVIRONMENT9 hours

Biotechnologies for Ex-Situ Remediation of Soil, Waste water characteristics - Sewage and
waste water treatments systems; Primary, secondary and tertiary treatments- Biological waste
water treatment; Slurry bioremediation, phytoremediation of metals in soil, Microbial
Degradation of Contaminants in Gas Phase, Biological Filtration Processes for
Decontamination of Air Stream

Unit 5: ADVANCES AND CASE STUDIES 9 hours

Biopesticides, Biofertilizers, Biofuels, Bioindicators, Biodegradable plastics, Factors Affecting
the Bioremediation Processes, Effects of co-substrates on microorganisms, Phytoremediation,
Sequestering Carbon Dioxide, Membrane Bioreactors, Important Case Studies in
Environmental Biotechnology: Oil spill, Textile wastewater treatment, Chromium reduction

Textbook(s):
1. McCarty PL - Environmental biotechnology: principles and applications - Tata McGraw-
Hill Education – 2012

Reference(s):
1. Mitchell R, Gu J D - Environmental microbiology - John Wiley & Sons – 2010 (2nd Edition)
2. Díaz E - Microbial biodegradation: genomics and molecular biology - Horizon Scientific
Press - 2008.

66
3. Scragg AH - Environmental biotechnology - Essex: Longman - 1999.

L T P C
213BIT2109 HEALTHCARE BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To develop knowledge on fundamental aspect of human health care. To motivate the students
to investigate the challenging problems in current human diseases. The students would have
gained an extensive knowledge about various aspects in biotechnological applications in
healthcare industry.

Course Outcome(s):
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Differentiate simple proteins and valuable therapeutic proteins
CO2: Explain the production of various recombinant growth hormones
CO3: Describe production and applications of monoclonal antibodies and vaccines
CO4: Understand the mechanism involving in gene therapy
CO5: Discuss the use of antisense oligonucleotides in neurological disorders
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M M H H
CO2 H M M H M M M
CO3 H H M M
CO4 H M M H H M M M H
CO5 H H M

Unit 1. Simple Proteins and Therapeutic Agents 9 hours

Proteins as therapeutic agents – Choice of expression systems in therapeutic protein production
- Applications, delivery and targeting of therapeutic proteins – Regulatory and safety aspects of
therapeutic protein production
Unit 2. Hormones, Recombinant Blood Products & Enzymes as Therapeutic 9 hours
Agents
Insulin, Glucagon, Recombinant human growth hormones - gonadotrophins - haemostasis –
Anticoagulants - Thrombolytic agents - Enzymes of therapeutic value - asparaginase - DNAse
– glucocerebrosidase – galactosidase - urate oxidase – laronidase - Superoxide dismutase -
Debriding agents - Digestive aids

Unit 3. Monoclonal Antibodies & Vaccines 9 hours

Introduction to monoclonal antibodies – hybridoma - production and purification of
monoclonal antibodies - Clinical uses of monoclonal antibodies with case studies –production
of recombinant monoclonal antibodies; humanized monoclonal antibodies - inactivated and
attenuated vaccines; bacterial polysaccharides, proteins and toxins as vaccines - Recombinant

67
vaccines- Multivalent vaccine development – Development of different Covid 19 vaccines with
proven case studies with special reference to Indian population

Unit 4. Cytokines & Gene Therapy 9 hours

Interferons- Engineering human interferons -Tumour necrosis factor – interleukins -
Haemopoietic growth factors - Gene therapy, delivery systems for gene therapy - Gene therapy
in the clinic with case studies

Unit 4. Peptides & antisense oligonucleotides 9 hours

The nervous system- - Neurological diseases - The use of peptides in the treatment of
neurological disease with case studies - Immune responses to peptides - Antisense -
Mechanisms of action of antisense molecules - Animal models and oligonucleotides- Clinical
trials- towards the next generation of antisense drugs

Text Book(s):
1. Walsh, G., Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Concepts and Applications, John Wiley &
Sons, England, 2007.
2. Ratledge, C., Kristiansen, B., Basic Biotechnology, Cambridge University Press, USA,
2nd Edition, 2001.
3. Gavin, B., Biotechnology in Healthcare: An Introduction to Biopharmaceuticals,
Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1998.
Reference(s):
1. Daan J. A., Crommelin, D., Sindelar, B.M., (Eds) Pharmaceutical Biotechnology:
Fundamentals and Applications,Springer, 4th Edition, 2013.
2. David, E., Technology and Future of health care, Preparing for the Next 30 years, John
Wiley, Singapore, 2nd Edition, 2000.

L T P C
213BIT2110 ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To enhance the understanding of enzymes, their mechanisms, kinetics, purification and
characterization

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Explain the characteristics and catalytic mechanisms of enzymes
CO2: Identify enzyme inhibition patterns and determine kinetics of single substrate enzyme
catalyzed reactions
CO3: Extract and characterize enzymes from various sources
CO4: Describe immobilization techniques, and their principles, advantages and disadvantages
CO5: Illustrate the applications of enzymes

68
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M M H H
CO2 H M M H H
CO3 H M M M H M H H
CO4 H M H H
CO5 H H M H M H H

Unit 1: Introduction to enzymes and catalysis 9 Hours

Classification of enzymes -Types of enzymes - constitutive enzyme, induced enzymes,
intracellular and extracellular enzymes - Mechanisms of enzyme catalysis and action - concept
of active site - Specificity of enzyme action – Concepts of bioenergetics and factors affecting
the rate of chemical reactions.

Unit 2: Kinetics of Enzyme Action 9 Hours

Kinetics of single substrate reactions - Estimation of Michaelis -Menten parameters, Turnover
number ‚ Significance of M-M parameters - Multi-substrate reactions, Mechanisms and
kinetics - Types of inhibition and Kinetic models - Allosteric regulation of enzymes - Monod-
Changeux-Wyman model and Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer model - pH and temperature effect
on enzyme activity

Unit 3: Extraction and Purification of enzymes from natural sources 9 Hours

Extraction of enzymes (soluble enzymes and membrane bound enzymes) from various sources
like plant, animal and microbial sources - Nature of extraction medium - Purification of
enzyme - Criteria of purity - Determination of molecular weight of enzymes

Unit 4: Enzyme Immobilization 9 Hours

Physical and chemical techniques for enzyme immobilization - adsorption, matrix entrapment,
encapsulation, cross-linking, covalent binding with example - Advantages and disadvantages
of different immobilization techniques

Unit 5: Applications of Enzymes 9 Hours

Applications of enzymes in food, pharmaceutical and other industries-Enzymes for analytical
and diagnostic applications, Biosensors applications in industry, healthcare and environment

Text Book(s):
1. Palmer, T., Enzymes: Biochemistry Biotechnology and Clinical Chemistry, East West
Press Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2nd Edition, 2007.
2. Chaplin, M. and Bucke, C. Enzyme Technology, 1st Edition, Cambridge University
Press, London, 1st Edition, 1990.

Reference(s):
1. James Lee, Biochemical Engineering, Prentice-Hall Inc Publishers, Delhi, 1st Edition,
1992

69
 2. Zubay, G., Biochemistry, McGraw Hill Publishers, New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 1999

L T P C
213BIT2111 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To understand the concepts of genomic markers, crop improvement and pest management with
ethical values

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Understand the agricultural genomics and gene discovery
CO2: Illustrate the metabolic engineering of primary and secondary metabolites
CO3: Describe pest management and control
CO4: Understand the pant genome sequencing and databases
CO5: Illustrate the ethical values and global issues

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 M H M
CO2 M M H H M M
CO3 M M H M H H H M
CO4 H H H H H M
CO5 H H H M M H H H M

Unit 1: Introduction 9 Hours

History and scope of agricultural biotechnology- maps, markers and comparative genomics,
cloning genes by Map-Based approach – dicot and monocot model- Gene discovery by
expression analysis- gene discovery from orfeome to phenome

Unit 2: Metabolism in crops 9 Hours

General strategy for plant metabolic engineering- case studies: engineering of primary
metabolic pathways - engineering of primary metabolic pathways - engineering of novel
metabolic pathways

Unit 3: Pest Management Biotechnology 9 Hours

Pest discovery and development – case studies- development of target specific pesticides- pest
tolerant genetically modified crops- transgenic insects – improvement of biological control
agents

Unit 4: Bioinformatics in Agriculture 9 Hours

Plant genome initiatives- AGI, TIGR, ESSA, LIS- Plant ontology- plant pathogen genome
sequencing- fungal plant pathogen database- agricultural information resources – FAO,
AGRIS-AGORA- AGMARKNET

70
Unit 5: Bioethics and Global issues 9 Hours
Values of bioethics- Ethical, Logical and Social issues (ELSI) - climatic change –green house
effect -global warming – population density- impact on biosphere

Text Book(s):
1. Arthur Germano Fett-Neto - Biotechnology of plant secondary metabolism - Humana
Press, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre , RS – Brazil – 2016
2. Altman A. and Rita R Colwell - Agricultural biotechnology. CRC Press; 1997

Reference(s):
1. Rajmohan Joshi, Agricultural Biotechnology, Isha Books, 2006.
2. Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Parvaiz Ahmad and Munir Ozturk, Crop Improvement: New
Approaches and Modern Techniques, Springer 2013.

L T P C
213BIT2112 BIOENERGY
3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to:
CO1: Analyze the fundamental concepts in bioenergy production.
CO2: Demonstrate the broad concept of second and third generation biofuel production
from biomass and other low-cost agri-residues and bio wastes.
CO3: Describe the biomass conversion technologies.
CO4: Identify various microbial resources available for bioenergy production.
CO5: Evaluate the extraction mechanisms available for biofuels and life cycle analysis of
biofuels.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO PO PSO
/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PO/
PSO
CO1 M - H - H H H
CO2 M H M - H H H H
CO3 - H M H H H H H H
CO4 H H M H H H H H H
CO5 M H H M H M M

Unit 1: CONCEPTS IN BIOENERGY AND BIOREFINERY 9 hours

Fundamental concepts in understanding biofuel/bioenergy production, Biopower, Bioheat,
Biofuels, Advanced liquid fuels, Biobased products, various biofuels from biomass

71
 Unit 2: BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS 9 hours
Feedstock’s availability, Characterization and attributes for biofuel/bioenergy production,
Renewable feed stocks and their production, Biomass feed stocks: Harvested feed stocks –
Feed stocks for first generation Biofuels, Feed stocks for second generation biofuels, Feed
stocks for third generation biofuels. Biomass feed stocks: Residue feed stocks - Agricultural
waste, forestry waste, farm waste, organic components of residential, commercial,
institutional and industrial waste.

Unit 3: BIOMASS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES 9 hours

Biochemical conversion: Hydrolysis, enzyme & acid hydrolysis, Fermentation, Anaerobic
digestion, trans-esterification. Enzymatic Conversion; Thermochemical conversion:
Combustion, Gasification, Pyrolysis, other thermochemical conversion technologies,
Scaling up emerging technologies.

Unit 4: MICROBIAL ENERGY RESOURCES 9 hours

Bioethanol, biobutanol and biohydrogen from various microbes, fungi and yeast;
Photoautotrophic production of ethanol by algae; Extraction of microbial lipids and
transesterification into biodiesel; Microbial fuel cells

Unit 5: BIOFUEL EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES AND LCA 9 hours

Ultrasonic extraction, osmotic shock, solvent extraction, Supercritical fluid extraction and
extraction using microwave; Life Cycle Analysis of biofuels: Environmental aspects of
biofuel utilization, Techno‐economic features of bio‐fuels

Text book(s):
1. Biorenewable Resources: Engineering New Products from Agriculture–Robert C.
Brown–Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
2. Twidell., J & Weir., T–Renewable energy resources–Taylor & Francis–2006 (2nd Edition)
References (s):
1. Samir K. Khanal–Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and
Applications–Wiley-Blackwell Publishing–2008.
2. Luque, R., Camp, J–Hand book of biofuel production processes and technologies,
Woodhead publishing ltd–2011 (1st Edition).

L T P C
213BIT2113 DRUG DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
The students will learn about various stages of drug development process and the role of
computational methods in developing new drugs.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Describe the stages in drug discovery and development
CO2: Depict the sources of drugs, screening of natural compounds and compound databases.

72
CO3: Explain about various drug targets and strategies for rational drug design.
CO4: Explain the use of computation in structure-based and Ligand-based drug design.
CO5: Describe the use of combinatorial chemistry to construct compound libraries and
screening them using various computational tools.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO PO PSO
/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PO/
PSO
CO1 H M M M
CO2 H M M M M M M
CO3 H H H H M H
CO4 H H H H H H H
CO5 H M H H H M H H

Unit 1: Introduction to Drug Discovery and Development 9 hours

Drug Discovery and Development stages, Sources of Drugs- Natural sources, Organic
synthesis, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells as bio-factories, Pharmacology- Basics of
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Unit 2: Approaches to new Drug Discovery 9 hours

Rational basis of Drug Design, New approaches for lead identification - Using Disease Models
as Screens for New Drug leads, Developing bioassays for drug screening, High Throughput
Screening, Lead optimization approaches - Conformation restriction, Pharmacophore,
Metabolic stabilization, ADME-Tox profiling

Unit 3: Enzymes and Receptors as Targets of Drug Design 9 hours

Enzyme catalytic principles- Lock and Key and Induced fit theory, Types of enzyme inhibition,
Rational design of enzyme inhibitors, affinity labels, Suicide inhibitors, transition state
mimicry, Illustrative examples - ACE, renin and HIV protease inhibitors, Receptor theory,
Molecular Biology of receptors, Receptor Binding Assays, Lead Compound Discovery of
Receptor agonists and antagonists, Illustrative examples- Adenosine receptor agonists and
antagonists

Unit 4: Computer Aided Drug Design 9 hours

Virtual Screening, CADD approaches, Structure based drug design: Molecular Docking –
Force field Calculation, Energy minimization, Scoring methods in docking, Ligand based drug
design: QSAR and Pharmacophore modeling, Molecular Dynamics

Unit 5: Current Status and Future Prospects 9 hours

Combinatorial chemistry, Combinatorial synthesis and compound libraries, peptidomimetics,
Peptide libraries- Peptide libraries through phage display; synthetic vaccine design, Biomarkers
and Disease models

73
Text Books
1. Larsen, P.K, Liljefors, T and Madsen U – Text Book of Drug Design and Discovery –
Taylor and Francis – 2016 (5rd Edition).
Reference
1. Perun, T. J. and Propst, C. L – Computer Aided Drug Design – Marcel Dekker Inc.,
1989 (1st Edition).
2. Scolnick, E.M – Advances in Protein Chemistry, Vol 56, Drug Discovery and Design –
Academic Press, London – 2001.
3. Walsh, G – Biopharmaceuticals-Biochemistry and Biotechnology – Wiley – 2003 (2nd
Edition).

L T P C
213BIT2114 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
At the end of the course student will be understand the major infectious diseases in human.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to,
CO1: Explain the mode of transmission of infectious diseases
CO2: Discuss various types of bacterial causing diseases
CO3: Explain the mechanism of viral pathogenesis
CO4: Describe the epidemiology and clinical manifestation of parasitic diseases
CO5: Discuss current methods used for detection of infectious diseases.

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H H H M
CO2 H H H H H
CO3 H H H H H H M
CO4 M M H M H H
CO5 H M M M M

Unit 1: Transmission of Infectious diseases: 9 hours

Pathogen entry into the human body: portals of entry and portals of exit, modes of transmission
(contact, vehicles, vectors) adhesion, colonization & invasion - spread of disease in populations
pathogenic actions of bacteria (tissue destruction, toxins, immunopathogenesis) -mechanisms
for escaping host defenses- Epidemiology of infectious diseases.

Unit 2: Bacterial causing diseases: 9 hours

Gram-Positive cocci –Staphylococcus aureus (cutaneous infections, food poisoning,
endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome - Streptococcus pyogenes (pharyngitis, impetigo,
erysipelas, rheumatic fever, etc.), Streptococcus pneumonia. Gram-Positive bacilli- Bacillus
anthracis (anthrax), Listeria monocytogenes (neonatal diseases, etc.), Corynebacterium

74
diphtheriae (diphtheria), Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene, food poisoning, etc.),
Clostridium tetani (tetanus), Clostridium botulinum (botulism), Clostridium difficile
(gastroenteritis), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (erysipeloid). Gram-Negative Bacilli-
Salmonella (gastroenteritis, enteric fevers, etc.), Shigella (shigellosis), Campylobacter
(gastroenteritis), Helicobacter (gastritis, gastric & duodenal ulcers).

Unit 3: Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis: 9 hours

Acquisition & infection of target tissue, cytopathogenesis (lytic & nonlytic infections,
oncogenic viruses), human host defenses against viral infection, immunopathology,
epidemiology of viral diseases, (age, immune status & other host factors), control of viral
spread

Unit 4: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases: 9 hours

Fungal diseases: Trichophyton- Nocardia- Candida- Histoplasma., Opportunistic fungal
pathogen- Aspergillus - human parasitic diseases - Malaria- Filariasis- Leishmaniasis-
identification- Immune reactions– pathology of infections- vectors of transmission.

Unit 5: Diagnosis of Infectious diseases: 9 hours

Specimen collection and processing -Test performance – Laboratory-Developed Tests in
Molecular Diagnostics- Verification of Molecular Assays -Standards and Standardization of
Molecular Diagnostics - New therapeutic strategies for emerging infectious diseases- Clinical
manifestations, treatment, prevention and control.

Text Books
1. Kenrad E. Nelson & Carolyn Masters Williams. Infectious Disease Epidemiology: Theory
and Practice. Second Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2008 (2nd Edition).
2. Medical Microbiology, A Guide to Microbial Infections: Pathogenesis, Immunity,
Laboratory Diagnosis, and Control, Greenwood, Slack, and Peutherer (Eds.), Churchill
Livingstone; ISBN: 0443- 07077-6, 2002 (16th Ed).

References
1. Medical Microbiology & Immunology: Examination & Board Review Levinson and
Jawetz, Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill; ISBN: 0-07-138217-8, 2020 (16th Edition)
2. Buckingham, L., Molecular Diagnostics: Fundamentals, Methods & Clinical Applications,
F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia. 2012 (2nd Edition)
3. Harald H. Kessler Molecular Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases, 1st Edition, Walter de
Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York. 2014 (3rd Edition)

L T P C
213BIT3115 ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To enhance the knowledge on animal cell culture, engineering of animal cells and
manipulation techniques with reference to live stock

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to

75
CO1: Understand animal cell culture media and animal cell culture techniques
CO2: Describe expression vectors, gene transfer methods and production of recombinant
products using animal cells
CO3: Apply embryonic methods for basic research to improve animal and human healthcare
CO4: Apply reproduction methods with particular reference to gamete and embryo
manipulation techniques, production of transgenic animals and cloning
CO5: Design strategies to manipulate for improvement of livestock production

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 M H H
CO2 M M H
CO3 H H M H H H
CO4 H H H M H
CO5 H H H M M H

Unit 1: Animal Cell Culture 9 hours

Fundamentals of cell culture – differences between bacterial culture and animal cell culture.
Media for culturing cells - Chemically defined and serum free media for cell culture; Surface
Sterilization of various equipment and apparatus - Animal cells and stem cells - culture and
growth conditions; types and methods of development of cell lines; Characterization,
Maintenance and Preservation of animal cells – Scaling up of animal cell cultures, Advances in
cell culture – Co-culture and 3D cultures.

Unit 2: Gene Transfer Methods 9 hours

Gene transfer methods - Chemical and physical methods. Virus mediated methods; Biology
and Construction of viral vectors like SV40, adenovirus, lentivirus, vaccinia virus, herpes
virus, and adeno associated virus, baculovirus – Transfection methods; stable and transient
methods, Protein production by genetically engineered mammalian cell lines,

Unit 3: Micromanipulation of Embryo’s and Embryo Transfer 9 hours

Micromanipulation technology; Artificial insemination, Superovulation, Embryo transfer, In
vitro fertilization - Pregnancy diagnosis - Sexing of embryos, Embryo splitting;
Cryopreservation of embryo - Breeding of farm animals

Unit 4: Transgenic Animals 9 hours

Concepts of transgenic animal technology - Various strategies for the production of transgenic
animals and their importance in biotechnology; pronuclear microinjection, embryonic stem
cells and somatic cell nuclear transfer in the production of transgenic animals (Eg: Dolly,
cloned sheep) - iPS technology - Transgenic animals as bioreactors for producing

76
pharmaceutically important compounds and therapeutics etc. Role of gene knock-out and gene
knock-in mice model for studying human genetic disorder.

Unit 5: Applications 9 hours

Manipulation of Growth hormone; Somatotropic hormone and Thyroid hormone - Probiotics as
growth promoters; Ideal characteristics of probiotics; Mode of action and uses of probiotics-
Manipulation of lactation - Lactogenesis- galactopoiesis, wool growth and rumen microbial
digestive system.

Text Books
1. Davis D - Animal Biotechnology - National Academic Press - 2002 (1st Edition).
2. Singh B, Gautam SK and Chauhan MS - Textbook of Biotechnology - Pearson Education -
2012 (1st Edition).
3. Ramadoss P - Animal Biotechnology: Recent Concepts and Developments - MJb Publishers
- 2008 (1st Edition).

References
1. Freshney RI - Culture of Animal Cells: A manual of Basic technique - John–Wiley and sons
- 2010 (6th Edition).
2. Masters JRW - Animal Cell Culture: Practical Approach - Oxford University Press - 2000
(3rd Edition).
3. Holland A and Johnson A - Animal Biotechnology and Ethics - Springer Verlag - 1998 (1st
Edition).
4. Jenkins N - Animal Cell Biotechnology - Humana Press - 1999 (1st Edition).
5. Verma A and Singh A - Animal Biotechnology - National Academic Press - 2013 (1st
Edition).

L T P C
213BIT3116 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
Make students to understand photosynthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and breakdown of
glucose in plants; learning how to apply tissue culture to get transformants and secondary
metabolites. Train them to understand the difference between plant breeding and genetic
engineering and their applications.

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understanding the architecture of plant cell and its major biochemical pathways in
synthesis and release of ATP molecules
CO: 2 Analyze the production of commercially important compounds using plant tissue
culture and understanding the significance of micropropagation
CO: 3 Evaluating the plant breeding and genetic engineering approaches
CO: 4 Analyze the application of plant genetic engineering and advantages of creation of BT
cotton and golden rice

77
CO: 5 Understanding the concept of molecular farming, the plant genome organization and
editing the genome by technology

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO/ PO PSO
PSO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 M M H
CO2 M H H H M L M H H
CO3 M H H H M H M H M
CO4 M H H H H M M M M H H
CO5 M H M H M M L H H H

Unit 1: Plant Biology and Major Pathways 9 Hours

Photosynthetic bacteria and Blue-green Algae; autotrophs, heterotrophs. Special features and
organization of plant cells, Biological significance of plant organelles and parts.
Photosynthesis: generation of ATP and synthesis of glucose; Mitochondria and breakdown of
glucose into ATP.

Unit 2: Plant Tissue Culture 9 Hours

Plasticity and totipotency, Plant cell culture media, Plant growth regulators, Organogenesis
Culture types: Callus, cell-suspension culture, protoplasts, root culture, hairy root culture and
production of secondary metabolites, Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis: Direct and
Indirect. Case study: Rice regeneration via somatic embryogenesis; Micropropagation of
banana

Unit 3: Plant Breeding and Plant Transformation 9 hours

Simple and complex inheritance, Molecular Markers: PCR based AFLP, SSR and SNP
markers, Marker-Assisted selection, Hybrid seeds production. Agrobacterium biology and T-
DNA transfer, Binary vector system, Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation, Direct
DNA transfer methods in plants - particle bombardment method.

Unit 4: Applications of Plant Genetic Engineering 9 hours

Herbicide tolerant plants: Different strategies to achieve, strategy to generate glyphosate
tolerant plants and their related problems. Mechanism of insecticidal crystal protein of Bacillus
thuringiensis, strategy to generate BT cotton transgenic plants; their problems and solutions.
Disease resistance: against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens, gene silencing, applications in
virus resistance and generation of transgenic golden rice. Case study for Gene silencing:
Generation of Transgenic papaya plants against the Papaya Ring spot virus.

Unit 5: Molecular Pharming and Plant Genomes 9 hours

Molecular farming of proteins, Plant vaccines, custom-made plantibodies, case study:
bioplastics. Plant genome size and organization: Arabidopsis genome sequencing project and
genome editing by CRISPR technology: Case study of genome editing in plants to generate
virus-resistant plants.

78
Text Books:
1. Neal Stewart, Jr - Plant Biotechnology and Genetics: Principles, Techniques, and
Applications - John Wiley & Sons Inc. USA - 2016 (2nd Edition)
2. Slater A., Nigel W., Scott, and Fowler MR - Plant biotechnology: The Genetic
Manipulation of Plants - Oxford University Press, London - 2008 (2nd Edition)
3. Arthur Germano Fett-Neto - Biotechnology of plant secondary metabolism - Humana
Press, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre , RS – Brazil – 2016

Reference:
1. Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Parvaiz Ahmad and Munir Ozturk - Crop Improvement: New
Approaches and Modern Techniques – Springer 2013.

L T P C
213BIT3117 IPR IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To promote self- learning of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and its applications in
biotechnology
Course Outcomes:
CO 1: Advanced skills in establishment of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).
CO 2: Good skills in patent claim writing and analysis, presentations of and negotiations
regarding IPR.
CO 3: Development of biotechnology in various fields
CO 4: Identify problems in biotechnology using case studies.
CO 5: Use of biotechnology in business

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO/ PO PSO
PSO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 M M M H H
CO2 M M H H
CO3 M H H H M M H H M L
CO4 M M M H H M L
CO5 M H H H M L

Unit I: Introduction to IPR 9 hours

Invention and creativity, Intellectual Property (IP) and its need, Types of IP: patents,
Trademarks, Trade secrets, copyright & related rights, industrial design, traditional knowledge,
geographical indications, Plant Breeder rights - importance - Protection of IPR International
trademark Law; TRIPS

79
Unit II: Fundamentals of Patenting 9 hours
Basics of Patents; Requisites and criteria for filing IPRs; Patent search and publications; How
to draft patent applications; National and International procedures, obligations and
implications; Licensing and infringements, unfair competition

Unit III: IPR in Biotechnology 9 hours

Nutraceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Bioprocess Engineering; Technology in genetic manipulations
of cells and organisms; Development of crop varieties, transgenic plants and animals;
Bioremediation, biopesticides, enzymes, vaccines, diagnostic tests, bioinformatics;
Bioinstrumentation and Biosensor

Unit IV: Recent trends in IPR 9 hours

Stories of Pasteur, Chakrabarti and Leder; Bioprospecting and biopiracy (Neem, Turmeric,
Basmati, Novartis patent case etc.,) Constructive utilization of traditional knowledge systems,
PGR, IGF, UPOV;

Unit V: IPR in Biobusiness 9 hours

Types of bio businesses; Amount of money and the equations involved; Successes, failures and
reasons; Entrepreneurship; Social psyche that governs markets and investments; Business
culture; Pertinent legislations, global sharing of technology, Ever-greening chain.

Text Book
1. Kshitij Kumar Singh - Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights - Springer India -
2015 (1st Edition)
References
1. Carlos C - Trade Related aspects of IPR, a Commentary on TRIPS agreement - Oxford
University Press, USA, 2007 (1st Edition).
2. Cornish WR - Intellectual Property- Patent, Copyright Trademarks and Allied rights,
Sweet and Maxwell, USA - 2003 (5th Revised Edition).

L T P C
213BIT3118 BIOREACTOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To gain understanding of kinetics of biochemical reactions, design, analysis and scale up of
bioreactors

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Describe the kinetics of biochemical reactions
CO2: Design equations to determine the performance of ideal reactors and describe the non-
ideal behavior of bioreactors
CO3: Design equations for different types of bioreactors
CO4: Understand the mechanical design of bioreactors
CO5: Analyze the scale up criteria of bioreactors

80
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M H H M
CO2 H M H M H H M
CO3 H M H M M H H
CO4 H M H M M H H
CO5 H M H M H H

Unit 1: Design Principles 9 hours

Principles and kinetics of chemical and biochemical reactions - Fundamentals of homogeneous
reactions for batch, plug flow, semi-batch, stirred tank/ mixed reactors, Energy and mass
balances in biological reaction modeling- Types of bioreactors and their configurations,
Classification based on Schuegerl, Kafarov components of bioreactors and their operation.

Unit 2: Ideal and Non-Ideal Reactors 9 hours

Reactors based on flow characteristics- ideal and non-ideal bioreactors- Design of ideal
reactors- Process design and operation of bioreactors, operational modes of reactors – batch,
continuous, fed batch, repetitive batch, recycle and continuous cultivation, Stability analysis of
bioreactors- Regime analysis

Unit 3: Design of Bioreactor 9 hours

Batch reactor analysis for kinetics (synchronous growth and its application in product
production)- Design and analysis of fed batch systems and CSTRs- Concepts of dilution rate
and productivity analysis in CSTR- Enzyme catalyzed reactions in CSTRs - CSTR reactors
with Recycle and Wall growth - multistage chemostat- Ideal Plug- Flow Tubular reactor.

Unit 4: Selection of Bioprocess Equipment (Upstream and Downstream) 9 hours

Vessel, agitation system materials, welds, finish, valves, piping and valves for biotechnology,
special requirements of utilities and cleaning of production plants. Specifications of bioprocess
equipment; Mechanical design of reactors, heat transfer and mass transfer equipment; Design
considerations for maintaining sterility of process streams and process equipment; Piping and
instrumentation; Materials of construction for bioprocess plants. Computational data
acquisition in bioprocess

Unit 5: Bioreactor Scale-Up 9 hours

Scale up and scale down issues: Effect of scale on oxygenation, mixing, sterilization, pH,
temperature, inoculums development, nutrient availability and supply; Bioreactor scale-up
based on constant power consumption per volume, mixing time, impeller tip speed (shear),
mass transfer coefficients. Scale up of downstream processes: Adsorption (LUB method);
Chromatography (constant resolution etc.); Filtration (constant resistance etc.); Centrifugation
(equivalent times etc.); Extractors (geometry based rules). Scale-down related aspects.

81
Text Book (s)
1. Robert H. Perry and Don W. Green. - Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook -
McGraw Hill Book Co.- 2008 (8th Edition)
2. Octave A. Levenspiel - Chemical Reaction Engineering- Wiley- Interscience
Publication - 2004 (3rd Edition)
Reference (s)
1. Shuler, M.L. and Kargi, F. - Bioprocess Engineering-Basic Concepts - Prentice Hall
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi – 2006 (2nd Edition)
2. Roger G. Harrison, Paul W. Todd, Scott R. Rudge, and Demetri P. Petrides -
Bioseparations Science and Engineering - Oxford University Press – 2010 (3rd Edition)

L T P C
213BIT3119 BIOSENSORS
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To provide basic concepts in design of biosensor and its applications

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Understand the basic concepts of biosensors
CO2: Compare various types of biosensors
CO3: Apply immobilization techniques
CO4: Analyze multi analytes
CO5: Illustrate various applications of biosensors

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M H H H
CO2 H M M M H H H
CO3 H M H M H
CO4 H H H H H
CO5 H H H H H H H

Unit 1: Introduction to Biosensors 9 hours

Definitions, , types of sensors, target analytes, various recognition, signals, and device types,
history of field -course overview, class survey, definitions, motivation, biological inspiration.

Unit 2: Recognition / Transduction 9 hours

Enzyme sensors-affinity sensors: antibodies, oligo-nucleotides measuring binding in affinity
sensors, SPR, quartz crystal microbalance, FRET-membrane protein sensors: ion channels,
receptor -whole cell sensors – bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells

82
Unit 3: Immobilization 9 hours
Immobilization: adsorption, encapsulation - (hydro-gel, sol-gel glass, etc.), covalent
attachment, diffusion issues -optical fiber sensors, planar wave-guides

Unit 4: Device Integration 9 hours

Micro-scale and nanoscale: BioMEMS, nanowires, quantum dots, magnetic beads, PEBBLE
sensors measuring complex samples, multi-analyte detection, continuous measurements,
reagentless biosensors

Unit 5: Applications 9 hours

Agricultural, food safety, food processing : state of the field, market potential, unique design
criteria and needs, current sensors in use biomedical applications, bio-security, environmental :
state of the field, market potential, unique design criteria and needs, current sensors in use.

Text Books
1. Bilitewski, U. and Turner, A.P.F. - Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring -
Harwood Academic Publishers, The Netherlands - 2000.
2. Ligler, F.S. and Rowe Taitt, C.A. - Optical Biosensors: Present & Future. Elsevier, The
Netherlands - 2002.
Reference
1. Yang, V.C. and T.T. Ngo., - Biosensors and Their Applications- Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, NY - ISBN: 0-306-46087-4 - 2000.

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS AND L T P C

213BIT3120
THERAPEUTICS 3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To gain knowledge on development of diagnostic techniques and therapeutics for various
diseases and disorders

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to,
CO1: Explain the molecular techniques for the analysis of Genetic and Neurological disorders.
CO2: Discuss the role of proteins in diagnostic techniques.
CO3: Recognize the importance of antibodies based diagnosis
CO4: Apply genetic engineering tools in disease diagnosis.
CO5: Discuss current methods used for production of recombinant proteins and vaccines.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H H H
CO2 H H H H H M
CO3 H H H H H H H
CO4 M M H M H H M
CO5 H M M M

83
Unit 1: Molecular Diagnosis of Disorders 9 hours
Biochemical disorders; immune, genetic and Neurological disorders - molecular techniques for
the analysis of these disorders -assays for the diagnosis of inherited diseases- Bioinformatic
tools for molecular diagnosis.

Unit 2: Proteins in Diagnostic Techniques 9 hours

Isolation of proteins and other molecules associated with disease - Process and their profiling
for diagnosis. Analysis of diseases associated proteins: 2D analysis; mass spectrometry; protein
micro array; ethics in molecular diagnosis

Unit 3: Antibody Based Diagnosis 9 hours

Monoclonal antibodies as diagnostic reagents - production of monoclonal antibodies with
potential for diagnosis- diagnosis of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases by using ELISA and
Western blot.

Unit 4: Therapeutic Agents 9 hours

Recombinant growth hormones- Applications, delivery and targeting of therapeutic proteins -
engineering human interferons and growth hormones –Gene therapy –Liposome mediated
targeted drug delivery- Antisense therapy.

Unit 5: Vaccines 9 hours

Bacterial polysaccharides, proteins and toxins as vaccines - subunit, attenuated and vector
vaccines - Multivalent vaccine development against different diseases - Commercial and
regulatory aspects of vaccine production and its distribution.

Text Books
1. Glick BR and Pasternak JJ - Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of
Recombinant DNA - ASM Press, Washington - 2017 (5th Edition).

References
1. Andrew Read and Dian Donnai - New Clinical Genetics, A Guide to genomic medicine
Scion Publishing Ltd, Oxfordshire, UK - 2020 (4th Edition).
2. James W Goding - Monoclonal antibodies: Principles and Practice - Academic Press - 2010
(3rd Edition).
3. Campbell MA and Heyer LJ - Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics -
Pearson/Benzamin Cummings, San Francisco, USA - 2007 (2nd Edition).

L T P C
213BIT3121 RADIATION BIOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To inculcate basic knowledge on the effects of radiations and their various biological
applications. The students would gain an extensive skill in radiation oncology and radio-
therapy for medical applications.

Course Outcome(s):
After completing this course, the student will be able to:

84
CO1: Describe the concept involving in radiation biology
CO2: Differentiate the molecular and cellular effects of radiation
CO3: Understand the mechanisms of radiation protection
CO4: Explain the basic concepts in radiation oncology
CO5: Know the application of radiotherapy

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H L
CO2 M M M L
CO3 H H H M L
CO4 H M M L
CO5 L

Unit 1. Introduction to Radiation Biology

Physics and chemistry of radiation interactions with matter – source and Types of ionizing
radiation - Particulate radiations - Linear Energy Transfer and Relative Biologic Effectiveness-
Radiation dose and units - Principles of radiation dosimetry - Direct and indirect effects.

Unit 2. Molecular and Cellular Radiobiology

Radiation lesions in DNA - DNA Strand Breaks and Chromosomal Aberrations - Cell Survival
Curves – Radio-sensitivity and Cell Age in the Mitotic Cycle - Consequences of unrepaired
DNA damage: chromosome damage - Repair of Radiation Damage and the Dose Rate Effect -
Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) - Cellular repair exemplified in survival curves -
Cellular hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) and induced repair (IRR) - Other molecular targets:
bystander (epigenetic) effects – Molecular techniques.

Unit 3. Radiobiological Basis of Radiation Protection

Radiation accidents and environmental radiation exposure with suitable case studies - Long
term radiation risks from low radiation doses - Diagnosis and medical management of radiation
syndromes - Radiation carcinogenesis - Heritable radiation effects - Effects on the developing
embryo - system for radiation protection

Unit 4. Radiation Oncology

In vitro and in vivo assays for cell survival - Repair of radiation damage - Tumor biology and
host/tumor interactions - Radiobiology of normal tissue damage - Time-dose-fractionation -
Predictive assays in different populations applications

Unit 5. Radiotherapy
Doses and Risks in Diagnostic Radiology with suitable case studies, Interventional Radiology
and Cardiology and Nuclear Medicine - Clinical Response of Normal Tissues - Tumor Model
System - Cell, Tissue, and Tumor Kinetics - Time, dose, and fractionation in Radiotherapy-
Combined radiation and drug treatments - Clinical radiobiology of common cancers with
applications - Second cancers in radiotherapy patients with suitable case studies.

85
Text Book(s):
1. Radiation biology: A handbook for teachers and students, Training course series no. 42,
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, 2010.
2. Eric J. Hall and Amato J. Giaccia., Radiobiology for the Radiologist, Lippincott,
Williams and Wilkins, 6th Edition, 2006.

Reference(s):
1. A.H.W. Nias, An Introduction to Radiobiology, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons,
1998.

L T P C
213BIT3122 CLINICAL TRIALS AND MANAGEMENT
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To develop skills in important aspects of developing new drugs, biologics and devices. This
course helps to understand good clinical practice and regulation in clinical trials. To understand
about protocol, feasibility, documentation and activity studies.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Illustrate the concept of new drug and medical device development process
CO2: Interpret the principles and regulations on good clinical practice and able to outline the
roles and responsibilities of different authorities in clinical research.
CO3: Summarize the various components of a protocol and to explain various documentation
systems in clinical research.
CO4: Analyze various levels of clinical trial data management.
CO5: Outline on various international clinical trials and its impact on society.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H M L L L
CO2 H M L L L
CO3 M M H H H L L
CO4 H H L
CO5 H L L

Unit 1: Developing New Drugs, Biologics and Devices 9 hours

History of Clinical Trials – Nuremberg Trials, Thalidomide Incident, Sulfanilamide tragedy,
Tuskeegee syphilis study - Nuremberg code – Declaration of Helsinki - Belmont Report - The
Drug Development Process - Pre-Clinical Studies - Clinical Trial Phases - Application to
Market New Drugs and Biologics - FDA Review Groups - Developing New Devices -
Pharmacovigilance - Medwatch

86
Unit 2: Good Clinical Practice and the Regulations 9 hours
ICH GCP Guidelines - Local Laws –- Roles and Responsibilities: Principal Investigator,
Sponsor, Monitor, Pharmacist, Study Nurse, Volunteers - Informed Consent and the
Regulations - Institutional Review Boards - Monitoring, Audits, and Inspections

Unit 3: Protocol, Feasibility and Activity Studies, and Documentation 9 hours

Common Components of a Protocol - Study Organization - Objectives/Endpoints - Study
Design - Study Population and treatment plan - Statistical Aspects - Monitoring - Reviewing a
Specific Protocol - Study Start-up Phase - Study Maintenance Phase - Study Completion and
Close-Out Phase - Maintaining Site Study File- Management of Study Drugs, Biologics, and
Devices - HIPAA, the Privacy Rule, and Clinical Trial Data

Unit 4: Managing Clinical Trial Data 9 hours

Guidelines and Regulations Regarding Clinical Trial Data - Study Site Responsibilities
Regarding Clinical Trial Data - Source Document Verification of Clinical Trial Data –
Electronic Data Capture and Virtual trials - Documents at Study Start-Up - Documents While
the Study is in Progress - Documents at Study Close-out - Trial Endpoints - Endpoint
Adjudication

Unit 5: Global Health and International Trials 9 hours

International Clinical Trials - Ethnic and Racial Differences - Ethical Issues and Cultural
Sensitivities - ALCOA-C Checklist – Schedule Y – CTRI – CRO vs SMO – Indian trial
Regulations – Adverse Event Reporting

Text Book(s):
1. Liu, M.B. and Davis, K., Clinical trials manual from the Duke Clinical Research
Institute: lessons from a horse named Jim., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2nd Edition, 2010.
2. Wang, Duolao, and Ameet Bakhai. Clinical trials: a practical guide to design, analysis,
and reporting. Remedica, 2006.

Reference(s):
1. Gallin, J.I. and Ognibene, F.P. Principles and Practice of Clinical Research, Academic
Press.3rd Edition, 2012.
2. Friedman, Lawrence M., et al. Fundamentals of clinical trials. springer, 2015.
3. Brody, Tom. Clinical trials: study design, endpoints and biomarkers, drug safety, and
FDA and ICH guidelines. Academic press, 2016.
4. Dan Sfera and Chris Sauber. The Comprehensive Guide To Clinical Research: A
Practical Handbook For Gaining Insight Into The Clinical Research Industry, 2019.

L T P C
213BIT3123 BIOMATERIALS
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To understand the fundamental concepts of various materials and imaging techniques used in
biological systems

87
Course Outcomes:
CO1 Describe the fundamental concepts of functional materials in biological system.
CO2 Explain the characterization studies of material used for biological system.
CO3 Summarize the Basic concept of micro and macro imaging techniques.
CO4 Describe the process and implications of molecular imaging.
CO5 Discuss the various types of bio imaging techniques involved in disease diagnosis.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M H
CO2 H H M
CO3 H H
CO4 M H
CO5 H M H H

Unit 1: Functional Materials in Biology 9 hours

Introduction to Biomaterials- Bio mineralization- Molecular Self-assembly- Nanomaterials,
Synthetic and naturally derived biomaterials - Organic and inorganic polymers –Proteins-
Polysaccharides - Composite biomaterials–Nanobiomaterials -Clinical applications,
Decellularization - Hydrogels -Tissue engineering - Regenerative medicine - Biodegradable
materials.

Unit 2: Materials Characterization 9 hours

Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) – Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-
Vis) – Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA) – Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) –
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).

Unit 3: Basic Concepts in Bio Imaging 9 hours

Fundamentals of macro and micro imaging, Basics of fluorescence and their labeling procedure
to acquire biological signals, fluorophores, chromophores, Molecular probes, contrast agents in
molecular imaging.

Unit 4: Molecular Imaging 9 hours

Introduction to Molecular Imaging- Bio structures of Interest in Molecular Imaging (MI): Cells
& Tissues - Information molecules & other bio-molecules of interest in MI. Implication of
molecular imaging in radiology – medicine - surgery and biomaterial research - Processes
Involved in MI: Optical properties of cell, tissues & molecules.

Unit 5: Imaging Techniques 9 hours

Basics and techniques of X-ray, CT, PET, MRI, Ultrasound Imaging, digital X-ray, fMRI and
Thermography

Textbooks
1. N. Malsch- Biomedical nanotechnology- CRC press- 1999.

88
 2. M. Arumugam - Biomedical Instrumentation – 2009 (Second Edition)

References
1. Buddy D. Ratner, Allan S. Hoffman, Frederick J. Schoen, Jack E. Lemons- Biomaterials
Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine - Academic Press- 2004
2. J.B. Park and J.D. Bronzino - Biomaterials: Principles and Applications- CRC Press- 2002.
3. John G. Webster. - Medical Instrumentation Application and Design – 2009 (Fourth Edition)
4. Nester, Anderson, Roberts, Pearsall, Nester - Microbiology: A Human Perspective-
McGraw-Hill – 2001 (3rd Edition)

L T P C
213BIT3124 ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
Enabling students to understand available opportunities for entrepreneurship and innovation
and development of required skills would be the targets.

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understand the qualities needed for a successful entrepreneur
CO2: Convert a new idea into a business proposal and be familiar with finance management
CO3: Realize market demands in current biotechnology industry and future
CO4: Analyze the possible sources of funding to start a Company
CO5: Follow the legal procedures, ethics and protect their intellectual property rights

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 M H H L
CO2 M H H M M H H H M
CO3 M H H M M H H M L L
CO4 M M H M M H H M M
CO5 M M M M H H H M L L

Unit 1: Qualities of an Entrepreneur 9 Hours

Entrepreneur, Creativity & Entrepreneurial personality and Entrepreneurship in Biotechnology,
pillars of bio-entrepreneurship and major start-ups in Biotechnology, Concept and theories of
Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial traits and motivation, Nature and importance of
Entrepreneurs-Case study on successful entrepreneurs in India.

89
Unit 2: Idea into a Project and Finance 9 Hours
Project identification, project formulation, project design and writing project report. Investment
process, Break even analysis, profitability analysis and budget planning process. Case studies
on successful entrepreneur ideas of recent times.

Unit 3: Emerging Industries 9 Hours

New drug development, Development of new agricultural product, Stem cell research, Tissue
engineering, Soil test, Organic Farming, Bio fertilizers, Vermicomposting, Integrated Farming.
Contract Research Organization (CRO) Services, marketing or consultancy services and
Environmental biotechnology; Life cycle of a biotechnology company, Case studies of
successful and unsuccessful businesses

Unit 4: Funding and Support 9 Hours

Overview of startup finances and Sources of Investment: Venture Capital funding, Angel
investors - Sources of funds for entrepreneurs and their equity distribution. Government
schemes for commercialization of technology (Biotech Consortium India Limited), Association
of Biotechnology Led Enterprises – (ABLE)-Case study on Indian funding agencies for
entrepreneurship.

Unit 5: Setting up bio-business 9 Hours

Start-up: Setting of a small-scale industry, location of an enterprise, steps in starting small-
scale industry, Incentive & subsidies for industry, Problems of entrepreneurship, The art of
negotiation, Workable marketing and the strength of distribution-Opportunities and lessons in
international marketing-Case study on the milestones of Biocon.

Text Books:
1. Craig Shimasaki - Biotechnology Entrepreneurship: Starting, Managing, and Leading
Biotech Companies – Elsevier Academic Press USA – 2014
2. Richard Dana Ono- The Business of Biotechnology: From the Bench of the Street:
Butterworth- Heinemann Publications USA – 1991
3. Milind Antani and Gowree Gokhale - Contract research and manufacturing services
(CRAMS) in India - Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomedicine, India - 2012
Reference:
1. Kshitij Kumar Singh - Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights: Legal and
Social Implications - Springer India - 2015

90
 L T P C
213BIT3125 STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To impart self-learning of basics of stem cell technology

Course Outcomes
CO1: Describe the types of stem cells and their properties
CO2: Classify different types of stem cells
CO3: Illustrate embryonic and adult stem cells
CO3: Understand gene therapy and applications of stem cells
CO4: Study the ethical controversies and legal issues upon commercialization

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M
CO2 H M M
CO3 H M M M M
CO4 H M H H H M H
CO5 H M H M M H H H

Unit 1: INTRODUCTION 9 hours

Stem Cells - Properties- Stem Cell Plasticity, Regulators of Pluripotency and Differentiation of
Stem Cell, Differences Between Adult and Embryonic Stem Cells.

Unit 2: CLASSIFICATION OF STEM CELLS 9 hours

Hematopoietic stem cells-Embryonic Stem Cells, Germ Line Stem Cells and Neural Stem
Cells-Adult cardiac stem cells -Epithelial stem cells - bone marrow stromal stem cells -Neural
stem cells –stem cell cancer induction.

Unit 3: EMBRYONIC AND ADULT STEM CELLS 9 hours

Culturing of embryos-isolation of human embryonic stem cells – blastocyst – inner cell mass –
properties of ES cells. Somatic stem cells - adult stem cell differentiation – trans differentiation
– plasticity – different types of adult stem cells. iPS technology.

Unit 4: TREATMENT AND ENGINEERING OF STEM CELLS 9 hours

Gene therapy – genetically engineered stem cells – stem cells and Animal cloning – transgenic
animals and stem cells – Therapeutic applications HLA typing- Alzheimer’s disease –tissue
engineering application – production of complete organ - kidney – eyes - heart – brain, iPS for
treatment. Case study on cardiac repair using iPS.

91
Unit 5: STEM CELL RESEARCH AND ISSUES 9 hours
Establishment of human stem cell bank- Commercialization of human stem cells -Recent
ethical controversies about embryonic stem cell research and legal issues. Legal issues with
stem cell applications. Case study on successful treatment of disease by using stem cells.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Stem cells Handbook–Editor: Stewart Sell–Humana Press–Oct.2003
2. Stem cell and future of regenerative medicine–By committee on the Biological and
Biomedical applications of Stem cell Research–National Academic press–2002
3. Stem Cell Biology–Editors: Daniel R.Marshak, Richard L. gardner and David Gottlieb
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press–Cold Spring Harbor NY USA–2001

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Robert F. Almeder–Stem cell research-Humana press–2004.
2. Jennifer Viegas–Stem cell research–The Rosen publishing group–2003
3. Adult stem cells–Editor:Kursad Turksen–Humana Press–Jan 2004
4. Human Embryonic stem cells–Editors: Arlene Chiu, Mahendra S.Rao, Huamna Press–
2003

L T P C
213BIT3126 CELL CULTURE TECHNOLOGIES
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To understand the basics and applications of animal cell culture

Course Outcomes
CO1: Fundamental understanding of animal cell culture
CO2: Understand the functions and use of equipments in animal cell culture
CO3: Understand the difference between primary and secondary cell culture
CO4: Describe the isolation of specialized cells, propagation, and analysis
CO5: Understand the cell culture assays and its applications

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1
CO2 M M M
CO3 M M M
CO4 M M M M M M
CO5 M M M M M M

92
Unit I: Introduction & Biology of cultured cells 9 hours
History of Cell and Tissue Culture, Different types of culture; Ethical Issues; Established Cell
Lines, the culture environment – Cell adhesion, Cell proliferation, differentiation, cell
signaling, senescence; Transformation and Immortalization

Unit II: Equipments, aseptic techniques and media development 9 hours

Equipments of cell culture laboratory; Culture vessels – substrate, Treated surfaces,
Contamination – Sources, Types and monitoring; Elements of aseptic environment – work
surface, personal hygiene, reagents and media, cultures, sterile handling; Development of
media – Physiochemical parameters, Balanced Salt solutions, Complete media, Serum;
Conditioned medium; Serum free media

Unit III: Primary and Secondary Cell Culture 9 hours

Primary cell culture and its methods, Secondary Cell culture; Subculturing – Adherent cells
and Non – Adherent cells, Cell separation; Characterization of cell lines; Maintenance of cell
culture; Cryopreservation; Quantization; Freezing and thawing cells

Unit IV: Specialized cell culture techniques 9 hours

Culture of specialized cells – Epithelial cells, Mesenchymal cells, Neuroectodermal cells,
Hematopoietic cells, Stem Cells; Culture of tumor cells; Organotypic cultures

Unit V: Cell culture Assays and Applications 9 hours

Cytotoxicity; Cell viability; Assays on cell proliferation – MTT assay, XTT Assay,
Sulforhodamine B Assay; Applications of cytotoxicity assays; Scale up of Cell culture;
Applications of cell lines – Cancer research, Gene therapy, Immunological studies, Vaccine
Production, Drug selection and improvement.

Text Book
1. Freshney, R. Ian. Culture of animal cells: a manual of basic technique and specialized
applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
References
1. Jenkins, Nigel, ed. Animal cell biotechnology: methods and protocols. Vol. 8. Clifton,
NJ: Humana Press, 1999.
2. Helgason, Cheryl D., and Cindy L. Miller. Basic cell culture protocols. Totowa, NJ.:
Humana Press, 2005.
3. Mather, Jennie P., and Penelope E. Roberts. Introduction to cell and tissue culture:
theory and technique. Springer Science & Business Media, 1998.
4. Butler, Michael. Animal cell culture and technology. Taylor & Francis, 2004.
5. Verma, Anju. "Animal tissue culture: Principles and applications." Animal
Biotechnology. Academic Press, 2014. 211-231.

93
 L T P C
213BIT3127 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To describe origin of life, isolation, speciation, adaptation of evolutionary process and explain
how to evolve the higher order living things

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: List the key component involved in the origin of life and explain their mechanisms.
CO2: Demonstrate various mutational theories and how to isolate new origin from the
ancestors
CO3: Explain and illustrate how species are evolved through evolutionary process
CO4: Discuss the mechanism of adaptation and distribution in evolutions
CO5: Explain importance and various applications phylogeny and mutational process

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO6 H H H H H H M M H M M M
CO7 H M M M M M M
CO8 M M M M H M
CO9 H H H M H M H M
CO10 M M M M M H M M

UNIT 1: ORIGIN OF LIFE

Introduction to evolution; origin of earth, chemical origin of life, biological experimental
evidences for the chemical origin of life, origin of prokaryotes and eukaryotes - homologous
and analogus organs, vestigial organs, connecting links, embryological and palaeontological
evidences, physiological and biochemical evidences, Urey and Miller’s Experiment, geological
time scale, Lamarckism, Neo-Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism

UNIT 2: ISOLATION
Mutation theory of De vries, modern synthetic theory of evolution, natural selection,
directional and disruptive selection, variation, genetic variability; Isolation - geographical,
reproductive, ecological, seasonal, and ethological isolation, physiological isolation, hybrid
sterility isolation, Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium, gene pool, gene frequency, species and
species concepts,

UNIT 3: SPECIATION
Species and speciation, true speciation, phyletic speciation, allopatric speciation, sympatric
speciation, parapatric speciation, peripatric speciation, quantum speciation, genetic drift,
mimicry, mimicry and evolution, colouration and evolution

94
UNIT 4: ADAPTATION, DISTRIBUTION AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
Adaptations, adaptive and neutral evolution, cursorial, fossorial, arboreal, Volant, desert, and
cave adaptations, evolution, ancestor and salient features of man, salient features of apes,
difference between apes and mans, trends in human evolution, evolution of an as seen in the
fossil record, animal distribution, biogeography, zoogeography, palaearctic region, nearctic
region, neotropical region, ethiopian region, oriental region, australian region - Mutational
processes, evolution of mutation rates, evolution of DNA sequences, the molecular clock,
selection and genetic drift on the molecular level, polymorphism and SNPs.

UNIT 5: APPLICATIONS OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Phylogenetic trees and other models, optimality criteria for selecting phylogenetic hypothesis,
Substitution models for DNA and other data types. Super trees, consensus trees, tree
compatibility. Algorithms for evaluating the tree space; Markov Chain Monte Carlo, genetic
algorithms, Evaluation of results from phylogenetic analyses, phylogenetic dating

Text Books

1. S. Parker, Evolution: The Whole Story, Thames & Hudson publishers, 1st Edition,
2015
2. M. P. Muehlenbein, Human Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge University Press; 1st
edition, 2010
3. D. J. Emlen, Carl Zimmer, Evolution, Roberts publishers, 1st edition, 2020
4. Jonathan Bard, Principles of Evolution: Systems, Species, and the History of Life,
Garland Science; 1st edition, 2016

L T P C
213BIT3128 TISSUE ENGINEERING
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
At the end of the course student have understanding of the applications of tissue engineering.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to,
CO1: Explain the basic concept of tissue engineering
CO2: Discuss various types of tissues and components in tissue engineering
CO3: Explain the basic biology of stem cells.
CO4: Describe the importance of biomaterials and its applications
CO5: Discuss currently available tissue engineered therapies for various diseases.

95
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H H H H M
CO2 H H H H H H
CO3 H H H H H H H M
CO4 M M H M H H H M
CO5 H M M M H M

Unit I Introduction to tissue engineering: 9 hours

Basic definition; current scope of development; use in therapeutics, cells as therapeutic
agents, cell numbers and growth rates, measurement of cell characteristics
morphology,number viability, motility and functions. Measurement of tissue characteristics,
appearance, cellular component, ECM component, mechanical measurements and physical
properties.

Unit II Tissue architecture 9 hours

Tissue types and Tissue components, Tissue repair, Engineering wound healing and sequence
of events. Basic wound healing Applications of growth factors: VEGF/angiogenesis, Basic
properties, Cell-Matrix & Cell-Cell Interactions, telomeres and Self-renewal, Control of cell
migration in tissue engineering.

Unit III Basic biology of Stem cells 9 hours

Stem Cells : Introduction, hematopoietic differentiation pathway Potency and plasticity of stem
cells, sources, embryonic stem cells, hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, Stem Cell
markers, FACS analysis, Differentiation, Stem cell systems- Liver, neuronal stem cells, Types
& sources of stem cell with characteristics: embryonic, adult, haematopoietic, fetal, cord blood,
placenta, bone marrow, primordial germ cells, cancer stem cells induced pleuripotent stem
cells.

Unit IV Biomaterials 9 hours

Biomaterials: Properties of biomaterials, Surface, bulk, mechanical and biological properties.
Scaffolds & tissue engineering, Types of biomaterials, biological and synthetic materials,
Biopolymers, Applications of biomaterials in tissue engineering.

Unit V Clinical applications 9 hours

Stem cell therapy, Molecular therapy, In vitro organogenesis, Neurodegenerative diseases,
spinal cord injury, heart disease, diabetes, burns and skin ulcers, muscular dystrophy,
orthopaedic applications, Stem cells and Gene therapy Physiological models, tissue engineered
therapies.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Bikramijit Basu., Biomaterials Science and Tissue Engineering: Principles and Methods.
Cambridge University Press; 2017 (1st edition)
2. Meyer, U.; Meyer, Th.; Handschel, J.; Wiesmann, H.P. Fundamentals of Tissue Engineering
and Regenerative Medicine.2009 (1st edition)

96
REFERENCES
1. Robert A Brown, Extreme Tissue Engineering: Concepts and Strategies for Tissue
Fabrication, Wiley Blackwell 2013.
2. R. Lanza, I. Weissman, J. Thomson, and R. Pedersen, Handbook of Stem Cells Academic
Press 2012 (2nd Edition)
3. J. J. Mao, G. Vunjak-Novakovic et al (Eds), Translational Approaches In Tissue
Engineering & Regenrative Medicine‖ Artech House, INC Publications. 2008 (1st Edition)

97
 HONORS COURSES

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN L T P C
217BIT1101
BIOTECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To introduce the theoretical and practical aspects of analytical techniques in biotechnology,
this is the back bone for the basics of Downstream Processing.

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Describe the working principles of pH meter, pH indicator and estimation of
macromolecules
CO2: Explain the principles and instrumentation of colorimetry and spectroscopy
CO3: Describe the principles and instrumentation of centrifugation methods
CO4: Classify electrophoretic separation methods
CO5: Understand the principles and instrumentation of chromatography methods

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 S M M L
CO2 S M M H M
CO3 S M M H H L
CO4 S M M H H M
CO5 S M M H H M

Unit 1: Basic Techniques

pH - formulae for pH; Measurement of pH- pH indicators, pH Meter: Nernst’s equation and
measuring scheme, titration of acids and bases; Buffer solution, buffer capacity, buffers for
biological and clinical measurements. Estimation of macromolecules- carbohydrates
(Anthrone), proteins (Lowry, Bradford) and lipids (Bligh and Dyer).

Unit 2: Colorimetry and Spectroscopy

Beer-Lambert’s Law; Colorimetry: Principles, classification of methods of colour
measurement, standard curve method, calibration graph method. Principle, instrumentation and
applications of Visible light spectroscopy, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Atomic absorption
spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Circular dichroism spectroscopy, FTIR
spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy.

Unit 3: Centrifugation
Basic principles of centrifugation; Sedimentation velocity and Sedimentation equilibrium;
Types of rotors; Principle, instrumentation and applications of centrifuges: Ultracentrifuge,

98
Preparative and analytical centrifuge: Differential centrifugation, Density gradient
centrifugation: Rate zonal centrifugation, Isopycnic centrifugation.

Unit 4: Electrophoresis
Basic theory and applications of electrophoresis; Principle, instrumentation and applications of
Agarose electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide electrophoresis, Native gel electrophoresis, Gradient
electrophoresis, Capillary electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis, 2D- gel electrophoresis,
Pulse-field gel electrophoresis, blotting techniques- Southern, Northern and Western blot.

Unit 5: Chromatographic Methods of Separation

Introduction to chromatography - Principle, instrumentation and applications of column
chromatography: Size-exclusion chromatography‚ Ion-exchange chromatography, Affinity
chromatography; Principle, instrumentation and applications of TLC, HPLC and GLC.
Separation of amino acids and lipids.

Text Book:

1. Wilson and Walker- Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-
2018 (8th edition) ISBN: 9781316614761

2. D. Freifelder - Physical biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-

Macmillan-1984 (2nd Edition) - ISBN 10: 0716714442 ISBN 13: 9780716714446.

Reference:
1. O.M. Griffith - Techniques of preparative, zonal and continuous flow ultracentrifugation -
Beckman Instruments, Spinco Division, Applications Research Department- 1986 (5th Edition)
– ISBN OL14852412M.\

L T P C
217BIT1102 BIOPHYSICS
3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: To understand the basic properties of water in relation with the living system
CO2: Physical properties of cell membrane and associated proteins
CO3: Study the electrical properties involved in signaling
CO4: Exploitation of bioelectricity for understanding the functions of organs
CO5: Utilization of radiations for biomedical research

99
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 M M M M M
CO2 M M M M M
CO3 M M M M
CO4 M M M H
CO5 H M H H

Unit 1: Water 9 hours

Interaction of Water with Macromolecules - Ions in Aqueous Solutions, Debye–Huckel Radius
- Intermolecular Interactions - Structure of Proteins- Protein Folding and Protein Dynamics,
Energy of Activation, Theory of Absolute Reaction Rate

Unit 2: Cell Membrane 9 hours

Composition & properties of cell membrane, Transport through membrane, Permeability
coefficient and partition coefficient, Body fluids, Electrolytes, Ampholytes in Solution, Acid &
Base balance, Blood Viscosity and Newtonian nature, colloids, filtration, diffusion, osmosis,
dialysis, ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation, cellular fractionation, electrophoresis,
plasmapherosis,

Unit 3: Bioelectricity 9 hours

Bioelectricity: Membrane Potential, Local and propagator types, Diffusion potential, phase
boundary potentials, Generator Potentials, compound Action Potentials(AP),Propagation of
AP, factors influencing propagation of AP, biosignal and types, Electrical properties of
excitable membranes, Membrane capacitance, Resistance, conductance, dielectric properties of
membrane, space and time constant for excitable membrane, equivalent electrical circuit
diagram for excitable membranes and neural membranes.

Unit 4: Applications of Bioelectricity 9 hours

Electrical stimulus & Biophysical activity: Stimuli, Receptor potential, pacemaker potential,
Strength & duration relationship, skin impedance, total body impedance, impedances at high
frequencies, patient safety, electrical shock and hazards, leakage current, Electrical activity of
brain (EEG), different wave forms & their characteristics, Electrical activity of heart (ECG),
waveform and significance, Electrical activity of muscles (EMG) and muscletone, Electro&
RetinoGram (ERG), Electro& Occologram (EOG)

Unit 5: Radiations 9 hours

Radioactivity: Ionizing radiations, U&V & I&R radiations, Product ion of radioisotopes &
their use in biomedical research, Radioactive decays, Half-life period, radioimmunoassay,
Photochemical reaction, law of photo chemistry, fluorescence and phosphorescence.

100
Text book(s):

1. Glaser, R–Biophysics–Springer-Verlag–Germany–2005 (5th edition)

2. Wood, A. W., Physiology–Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering–CRC press–2012
(1st edition)

Reference(s):

1. Alpen, E. L–Radiation Biophysics–Academic Press–1998 (2nd edition)

st
2. Narayanan, P–Essentials of Biophysics–Anshan Publishers–2009 (1 Edition)

L T P C
217BIT1103 NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Objective(s) To develop skills in important aspects of nanomaterials characterization. To

understand about advantages of fabrication techniques. To know about
various applications in medical fields.
Course Outcome(s)
CO1 Explain the synthesis and characterization of the nanomaterials
CO2 Describe fabrication and its advantages
CO3 Identify the tools available for cellular manipulation and detection
CO4 Differentiate various application in medical fields
CO5 Describe the impact of nanobiotechnology

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO 1 H H M H H H H M
CO 2 H H H H H H M
CO 3 H H H H H
CO 4 H H H H H H H
CO 5 H H H H H H

Unit 1: Synthesis and Characterization 9 Hours

Scope of Nanobiotechnology – Examples and production of various types of nanostructured
materials with usage and potential within biotechnology –Polysaccharides-proteins –
microorganisms- plant - Optical -UV-Vis/Fluorescence - FTIR-X-ray diffraction – Imaging
and size -Electron microscopy- Zetapotential- EDAX.
Unit 2: Nano-Fabrication 9 Hours
Conjugation of biomolecules with nanoparticles-polysaccharides, protein, metal ions (Ag, Au,
Cu, Se, Zn), Molecular prints of biomolecules– Electron beam lithography for biological
applications – Laser direct –Electrospinning of nanofibers

101
Unit 3: Biomolecular, Cellular Manipulation and Detection 9 Hours
Atomic force microscopy –Dielectrophoresis –Lab in chip-Nanofluidics- Optical tweezers –
Cellular response to nanoscale features –Micro and nanotechnologies in integrative biology
Unit 4: Applications of Nanotechnology 9 Hours
Micro-and Nanotechnology in tissue engineering –Nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery–
Lipid based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery –nanodiamonds for bioimaging and therapeutic
applications- Biomedical micro probe for super resolved image extraction
Unit 5: Impacts of Nanobiotechnology 9 Hours
Nanotoxicity: cytotoxicity, environmental toxicity and genotoxicity - in vitro and in vivo
assays - animal models of toxicity testing
Text Book(s):
1. Yubing, X. (Eds.) The Nanobiotechnology Handbook, CRC Press, 2013.
2. Clad, A.M. and Christof, M.N. (Eds.). Nanobiotechnology II: More concepts and
applications, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2007.
Reference(s):
1. Stergios, L. (Eds.) Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelberg, 2012.
L T P C
217BIT2104 METABOLIC ENGINEERING
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s)
To understand the overview of metabolic pathways, methods and analysis in metabolic
engineering

Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: State the role of transport processes in metabolic pathways and material balance
CO2: Describe the regulation of enzymes involved in metabolic pathways
CO3: Explain metabolic flux analysis and its role in manipulation of metabolite production.
CO4: Determination of metabolic fluxes
CO5: Employ various strategies to manipulate the production of industrially important
metabolites

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO PO PSO
/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PO/
PSO
CO1 H M H H
CO2 H M H H
CO3 H M M M M M M
CO4 M H H M M M
CO5 M H H H H

102
Unit 1: Review of Cellular Metabolism and Material Balance 9 hours
Transport processes; Active and Passive transport, Facilitated diffusion - Fueling reactions;
Glycolysis, TCA, fermentative pathways etc - Biosynthetic reactions; Biosynthesis of amino
acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids and other building blocks - Polymerization - Growth energetic -
Black Box model - Elemental balances and Heat balance

Unit 2: Regulation of Metabolic Pathways 9 hours

Enzyme kinetics; Mechanisms and their dynamic representation - Regulation of enzyme
activity versus regulation of enzyme concentration - Regulation of metabolic networks -
Regulation of at the whole cell level - Regulation of metabolic networks - Example of
important pathways - Case studies and analytical type problem

Unit 3: Metabolic Flux Analysis 9 hours

Building stoichiometric matrix; Steady state and pseudo steady state assumptions Metabolic
flux analysis –Overdetermined systems - Underdetermined systems; Using different optimizing
functions to solve linear programming problem - Sensitivity analysis ; understanding flux cone
and constraints; Introducing additional constraints from thermodynamics

Unit 4: Experimental determination of metabolic fluxes 9 hours

C13 labeling, NMR and GC-based methods for flux determination- Applications of metabolic
flux analysis; aminoacid production - Example: Glutamic acid production etc.

Unit 5: Industrial applications 9 hours

Examples of pathway manipulation - Enhancement of product yield and productivity -
Extension of substrate range - Extension product spectrum and novel products - Improvement
of cellular properties - Xenobiotic degradation

Text Book(s)
1. Gregory N. Stephanopoulos, Aristos A. Aristidou–Metabolic engineering: Principles and
Methodologies–Jens Nielsen Academic Press–1998 (1st Edition)
2. Christina D. Smolke–The Metabolic Pathway Engineering Handbook: Fundamentals, CRC
Press, New York, London–2010 (1st Edition)
3. Cortassa S., Aon M.A., Iglesias A.A and LioydD–An Introduction to Metabolic and Cellular
Engineering, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore–2011(2ndEdition)
4. Sang Yup Lee and Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis–Metabolic Engineering, CRC Press, New
York–1999 (1st Edition)

Reference(s)
1. Wang.D.I.C Cooney C.L., Demain A.L., Dunnil.P. Humphrey A.E. Lilly M.D–Fermentation
and Enzyme Technology, John Wiley and sons–1980.
2. Stanbury P.F and Whitaker A–Principles of Fermentation Technology–Elsevier Press–2013
(3rd Edition)
3. Zubay G., Biochemistry–Macmillan Publishers–1998 (4th edition)
4. Gerhard Gottschalk–Bacterial Metabolism, Springer Verlag–1986 (2nd Edition)

103
Sinnott., R.K., Coulson and Richardson- Chemical Engineering Design - Butterworth-
Heinemann Ltd., UK - 2003 (5th Edition)

L T P C
217BIT2105 MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To gain knowledge on mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, host defense systems, methods
to study host pathogen interactions and strategies for diagnosis and control of pathogens

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Understand the history of microbial pathogenesis.
CO2: Describe the mechanisms of host- pathogen interactions
CO3: Explain the mechanisms of host defense systems
CO4: Describe the methods used for studying host pathogen interactions.
CO5: Illustrate the classical and new therapeutic strategies for diagnosing and controlling
microbial pathogens.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M H
CO2 M M M H M H
CO3 M H M
CO4 M M H
CO5 M H M

Unit 1: Introduction 9 hours

Introduction to pathogenesis, - epidemiology - various types of pathogens and modes of entry
attributes and components of pathogenicity. Historical perspective – Contributions of
Leewenhook, Koch, Lister and Pasteur; Koch’s postulates, early discoveries of microbial
toxins and antibiotics

Unit 2: Host-Pathogen Interaction 9 hours

Virulence and virulence factors, bacterial colonization and factors involved in colonization -
diphtheria toxin, exotoxin A, proteases, hemolysins, enterotoxins - virulence genes and
regulation of the virulence genes - Case studies: diphtheria disease by colonisation; disease
without colonization: Clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus aureus; Intestinal infections:
Shigella and E. coli infections; Vibrio cholera Salmonella infections; fungal infections

Unit 3: Host-Defense Mechanisms 9 hours

Host defense against pathogens, clinical importance of understanding host defense,
components of the host surface defense systems like skin, mucosa, eye, mouth, respiratory
tract, physical movements, limitation of free iron, antimicrobial compounds - mechanism of

104
killing by humoral and cellular defense mechanisms, complements, inflammation process,
general disease symptoms, Pathogenic adaptations to overcome the above defenses.

Unit 4: Experimental Methods to Study Host Pathogen Interactions 9 hours

Experimental methods to study host-pathogen interaction, selecting the pathogen model,
virulence assays: cytopathic, cytotoxic effects identification of potential virulence factors;
molecular characterization of virulence factors.

Unit 5: Diagnosis and Control of Pathogens 9 hours

Classical approaches based on serotyping; modern diagnosis –Immunosensors & DNA-based
techniques - New therapeutic strategies – Recombinant Peptides- vaccines - DNA, subunit and
cocktail vaccines.

Textbooks
1. Groisman, E.A. - Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis - Academic Press - 2001 ( 1st
Edition)
2. Janeway C.A. Jr, and Travers P. T. – Immunobiology- Blackwell J Scientific
Publishers- 2001 ( 5th Edition)
References
1. Iglewski B.H. and Clark V.L. - Molecular basis of Bacterial pathogenesis- Academic
press.Inc- 2012
2. Williams, P., Ketley, J. and Salmond, G. - Methods in Microbiology: Bacterial
Pathogenesis - Academic Press, 1998.
3. Salyers, A.A. and Whitt, D.D. - Bacterial Pathogenesis – A molecular Approach, ASM
Press, Washington - 2002 (2nd Edition)

L T P C
217BIT2106 CANCER BIOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To understand the disarray of molecular events leading to the development of cancer and give a
comprehensive view in diagnosis and treatment strategies of cancer.

CO1: Understand the fundamental processes that lead to the conversion of a normal cell into a
cancer cell.
CO2: Recognize the impairment in the balance of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
during the transformation of cancer cells.
CO3: Describe the migration of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to distant location and
the processes associated with migration and establishment of secondary cancer.
CO4: Discuss the mechanism of the involvement of immune system in the cancer
development.
CO5: Understand various methods of cancer diagnosis and various cancer therapeutic
strategies.

105
 Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M M M M
CO2 H M M
CO3 H M M
CO4 H M M M
CO5 H M L L M H

Unit 1: Origin of cancer 9 hours

Tumors and monoclonal growth; Carcinogens – Physical and chemical carcinogens; Regulation
of cell cycle; Growth factors – Altered signalling in growth factors and their receptors;
Phosphorylation in cancer development; Ras signalling; JAK-STAT signalling; Cancer
development and cell adhesion receptors; Wnt-β catenin signalling, NfκB, Notch, Patched and
TGFβ signalling and cancer. Case study about nuclear radiation induced cancer
Unit 2: Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes 9 hours
Discovery of oncogenes; Mechanisms of activation of proto-oncogenes; Myc oncogene and
activation; Tumor suppressor genes – Discovery of tumor suppressor genes; Retinoblastoma;
Loss of heterozygosity; Promoter methylation.
Unit 3: Metastasis 9 hours
Primary tumors; Invasion-metastasis cascade; Epithelial to mesenchymal transition; Factors
regulating EMT; Role of E-cadherin in EMT; Cellular motility; Factors regulating cell shape,
adhesion and motility; Lymphatic system and metastasis; Role of extracellular proteases in
metastasis; Metastasis suppressor genes..
Unit 4: Tumor immunology 9 hours
Immune tolerance in cancer; Immunosurveilance theory and its set back; Mechanisms of
cancer cells evasion from immune system – NK-cells; Cancer cells attacking immue cells;
Passive immunization with Herceptin, antibody, transfer of immune cells, Enhancing immune
system to attack cancers. Case study regarding recent developments in immunotherapy for
cancer.
Unit 5: Diagnosis and treatment of cancer 9 hours
Cancer screening and early detection, detection using biochemical assays, tumor markers -
Molecular tools for early diagnosis of cancer-Different forms of therapy - Chemotherapy,
radiation therapy, detection of cancers, prediction of aggressiveness of cancer, advances in
cancer detection, use of signal targets towards therapy of cancer - Gene therapy. Case study on
novel therapeutic strategies using non-conventional cancer therepies.

106
Text Book:
1. Robert A. Weinberg., The Biology of Cancer, Garland Science Taylor and Francis
Group, New York. 2nd Edition, 2013
2. Francesco Pezzella, Mahvash Tavassoli, and David J. Kerr., Oxford Text Book of
Cancer Biology, Oxford University Press, 1st Edition, 2019.
Reference(s):
1. Vincent T. DeVita Jr, Theodore S. Lawrence, Steven A. Rosenberg. Ronald A.
DePinho, Robert A. Weinberg., DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer: Principles
and Practice of Oncology, Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Philadelphia, PA. 11th edition, 2018.

L T P C
217BIT2107 PLANT BIOINFORMATICS
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s): Students will learn databases and different tools specific for plants and
be able to apply them to study gene expression analysis, plant molecular markers and plant
metabolic engineering.

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understand the plant database system and its significance
CO2: Analyse plant genes using software
CO3: Use tools to study plant gene expressions and RNA sequencing data analysis
CO4: Predict protein structure, evolutionary relationship and molecular marker
CO5: Apply tools related to plant metabolic engineering

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 M H M H
CO2 M H M H
CO3 M H M M H H H
CO4 M H M M H H H
CO5 M H H M H H H

Unit 1: Plant databases and information resource 9 Hours

Collection of plant specific genomic data: NCBI, GenBank, Plant Database Resources: TIGR,
MIPS and TAIR. Sol Genomics Network: Solanaceae plants database, MaizeGDB: Maize
genome database. Plant protein database: SWISS-PROT, EXPASY.

Unit 2: Plant gene structure information resource 9 Hours

Gene Structure Annotation at PlantGDB, GenSeqer, Gene ontology annotation, PIECE: a
database for plant gene structure comparison and evolution, BAR: Bio Analytic Resource for
Plant Biology

107
Unit 3: Plant Expression Analysis and RNA sequencing 9 Hours
HarvEST: An EST Database and Viewing Software, BarleyBase/PLEXdb: database for plant
expression and plant pathogen, RNA sequencing data analysis tools: Quality control analysis;
Trimming; Reference-based genome assembly and gene ontology.

Unit 4: Tools for Phylogeny, Structure and markers 9 Hours

Multiple Sequence Alignments: ClustalW, EMBL-EBI. Phylogenetic Analysis: MEGA,
Phylogeny.fr. Heuristic Algorithms: BLAST, FASTA. Protein structure prediction and
molecular visualization: PHYRE2, Swiss Model. Gene structure prediction: GENSCAN,
GENEMARK, Plant Molecular marker tools: Genotyping by Sequencing: GBS

Unit 5: Tools for Plant Metabolic Engineering 9 Hours

KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, PMN: Plant Metabolic Network, PMDB:
Plant Metabolome Data Base. Metabolic engineering tool: CRISPR/CAS9 tool

Text Book:
1. Edward, D - Plant Bioinformatics: Methods and protocols - Humana Press Inc - New Jersey-
2016 (2nd edition)
Reference:
1. Aalt D.J. van Dijk – Plant Genomics Databases: Methods and protocols – Humana Press Inc
– Netherlands – 2017

L T P C
217BIT3108 FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
3 0 0 3

Course objective:
Students can enumerate the principles of functional genomics and apply at DNA, RNA and
Protein level studies.

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Explain and analysis the DNA, RNA and Protein sequences
CO2: Understand the Genome wide analysis of DNA and RNA approaches
CO3: Enumerate the approaches of Genome wide analysis of protein
CO4: Elaborate the Whole genome analysis of prokaryote and eukaryote
CO5: Perform the Bioinformatics methods of Functional Genomics

108
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H M M M
CO2 M H H M M
CO3 H H M H M
CO4 M M M H M
CO5 H M M M M

Unit 1: Analyzing DNA, RNA, and Protein Sequences 9 hours

Functional Genomics -Introduction; Access to Sequence Data and Related Information;
Pairwise Sequence Alignment; Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST); Advanced
Database Searching; Multiple Sequence Alignment; Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution

Unit 2:Genome wide Analysis of DNA and RNA 9 hours

DNA: The Eukaryotic Chromosome; Analysis of Next-Generation Sequence Data;
Bioinformatics Approaches to Ribonucleic Acid (RNA); Genetic Interaction Mapping;
DNA/Protein Interactions; DNA Accessibility Assays; Microarrays; SAGE; RNA sequencing.

Unit 3:Genome wide Analysis of Protein 9 hours

Gene Expression: Microarray and RNA-seq Data Analysis; Protein Analysis and Proteomics;
Yeast two hybrid systems; MS; Protein Structure.

Unit 4: Genome Analysis 9 hours

Genomes across the Tree of Life, Completed Genomes: Viruses, Completed Genomes:
Bacteria and Archaea; Eukaryotic Genomes: Fungi, Eukaryotic Genomes: From Parasites to
Primates, Human Genome, Human Disease; CRISPR; RNAi

Unit 5:Bioinformatics methods of Functional Genomics 9 hours

Data clustering, Artificial neural networks; Gene Ontology – DAVID, GSEA; Deep
mutational scanning; Deep mutational structure; Projects – ENCODE, GTEx.

Text Book:
1. Pevsner, Jonathan. Bioinformatics and functional genomics. John Wiley & Sons,
2015.
2. Akalin, A. (2020). Computational Genomics with R. United States: CRC Press.
3. Leister, D. (2005). Plant Functional Genomics. India: Taylor & Francis.
4. Dash, H. R. (2018). Microbial Diversity in the Genomic Era. United
Kingdom: Elsevier Science.

Reference(s):
1. Lerner, K. L., Lerner, B. W. (2002). World of Genetics: A-L. United States: Gale
Group.

109
 L T P C
217BIT3109 RECOMBINANT PROTEIN PRODUCTION
3 0 0 3

Course objective:
Students can elaborate the principles and applications of recombinant protein production

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Enumerate the recombinant protein production in bacteria
CO2: Perform the recombinant protein production using yeast and fungi
CO3: Explain the mammalian and insect as recombinant protein production factory
CO4: Elaborate the plants as recombinant protein production system
CO5: Understand the applications of recombinant protein

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M H H H M M
CO2 M H M H H M M
CO3 M M H M M M M
CO4 H H H H M M M
CO5 M M H M H M M

Unit 1: Recombinant protein production in bacteria 9 hours

Bacterial expression systems - Introduction; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens,
Staphylococcus carnosus; Cloning, expression, purification and characterization of
recombinant protein using bacterial expression systems

Unit 2: Recombinant protein production using yeast and fungi 9 hours

Yeast expression systems - Introduction; Arxula adeninivorans, Hansenula polymorpha, Pichia
pastoris, Yarrowia lipolytica, Aspergillus sojae, Sordaria macrospora; Cloning, expression,
purification and characterization of recombinant protein using yeast and fungal expression
systems.

Unit 3:Mammalian and Insect cells as recombinant protein production factory 9 hours
Mammalian cell lines- Introduction; HEK293 and CHO; Insect cells- Fruit flies, Mosquitos,
Silkworms

Unit 4: Plants as recombinant protein production system 9 hours

Plant as recombinant protein production system- Introduction; Tobacco, Carrot, Corn,
Soybean, Safflower, Rice, Tobacco, and Lettuce

110
 Unit 5: Applications of recombinant protein 9 hours
Recombinant hormones, interferons, interleukins, growth factors, tumor necrosis factors, blood
clotting factors, thrombolytic drugs, and enzymes

Text Book:
1. Gellissen, G. (Ed.). (2006). Production of recombinant proteins: Novel microbial and
eukaryotic expression systems. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Gasser, B., & Mattanovich, D. (Eds.). (2019). Recombinant Protein Production in
Yeast. Humana Press.
3. Bill, R. M. (Ed.). (2012). Recombinant protein production in yeast: methods and
protocols. Humana Press.

References:
1. Grandi, G. (Ed.). (2004). Genomics, proteomics and vaccines (pp. XI-XVII).
Chichester: Wiley.

L T P C
217BIT3110 RNAi TECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
Students will be able to understand the discoveries made in gene silencing technology; their
molecular mechanism and how it could be applied in agriculture and health sciences by
different techniques

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understanding the discovery of gene silencing phenomenon and the award of Nobel
prize
CO2: Analyze the difference in methylation of DNA between transcriptional and post-
transcriptional gene silencing
CO3: Understanding the synthesis of micro RNA and its biological significance
CO4: Designing of vectors and evaluating the techniques involved in RNAi technology
CO5: Apply the RNAi technology in crop improvement and controlling human diseases

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M M M M M L
CO2 H M M M L
CO3 H M M H H M L
CO4 H H H H H M M L
CO5 H H H H H H M H L M

111
Unit 1: Discovery of RNA interference 9 Hours
Introduction to Gene silencing – Different names of gene silencing, Antisense RNA technology
-Discovery of gene silencing in petunia plants – Sense co-suppression in plants and animals-
Discovery in nematodes (C. elegans) and award of Nobel Prize - Biochemistry of RNAi,
Genome-wide RNAi screens in C. elegans. Case study on knockout/knock down strategies
before the discovery of RNAi

Unit 2: Transcriptional and Post Transcriptional gene silencing 9 Hours

Plasticit Methylation of DNA and proteins, Viroid infection in plants and methylation of DNA,
Epigenetics, RNA directed DNA methylation (RdDM) - Proposed model of RdDM –
Transcriptional gene silencing and methylation, Induction of transcriptional gene silencing,
systemic silencing in plants and animals. Case study: RNAi for metabolic engineering.

Unit 3: Micro RNA 9 Hours

Biosynthesis of micro RNA, Differences between siRNA and miRNA, - Molecular mechanism
of micro-RNA mediated interference, Artificial micro-RNA, Micro RNA in plants and animals.
Case study on RNA interference based therapeutics for liver fibrosis.

Unit 4: Techniques in RNAi Technology 9 Hours

Particle bombardment method - Stable transformation of plants and animals by RNAi vectors,
agroinfiltration, VIGS methodology in plants and animals, selection of siRNA sequence,
delivery of siRNA using nanoparticles, transfection of siRNA Duplexes -Protein knock down
detection by western blotting, RNAi microarray. Case study on REDD1 knock down for
ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy by enhancing autophagy.

Unit 5: Applications of RNAi Technology 9 Hours

RNAi for crop improvement – Functional genomics in plants by gene silencing – RNAi to
control plant viruses – Viral encoded silencing suppressors and its applications –RNAi to
control cancer – miRNA directed control of cancer. Case study on nanoparticle mediated RNAi
for cancer treatment

Text Books:
1. Gaur R.K., Gafni Y, Sharma P, Gupta V.K - RNAi Technology - CRC Press, New York -
2011.
2. Gregory, J., Hannon - RNAi- A Guide to Gene Silencing - Cold spring harbor Laboratory
Press New York - 2003.
3. Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov – RNA interference – ExLi4EvA Publications - 2016

References:
1. Ute Schepers- RNA Interference in Practice: Principles, Basics, and Methods for Gene
silencing in C. elegans, Drosophila, and Mammals - WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
KGaA - Weinheim – 2005
2. Kirankumar S. Mysore and Muthappa Senthil Kumar – Plant Gene Silencing Methods and
Protocols – Humana Press USA - 2015

112
 L T P C
217BIT3111 VACCINOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To relish the historical background of vaccines, its types, vaccine development and ethical
issues related to use of vaccines
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Explain the history and background of most important vaccines
CO2: Distinguish various types of vaccines and guidelines for current vaccine practices
CO3: Describe the role of adjuvants in vaccination
CO4: Assess the advantages and disadvantages of current vaccines critically
CO5: Articulate the new technologies in the development of vaccines

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M M M H M
CO2 H M H M H H H M H
CO3 H M H H H H M M
CO4 H M M M
CO5 M H H H H H M H

Unit 1: Introduction to Vaccinology 9 hours

Historical background of vaccination – vaccine preventable diseases - eradication of small pox
and polio; WHO approved vaccine - human-vaccine manufacturers and licenced vaccines;
immune memory of vaccines; vaccines for pregnant women and neonates; adjuvants;
Correlates of protection; Delivery of vaccines, Case Studies.

Unit 2: Immune Response 9 hours

Overview of the immune system and basic aspects of immune response(s) to vaccines.
Bacterial and viral vaccines and their importance to public health: Epidemiology and
pathophysiology of vaccine preventable diseases with special emphasis on Diphtheria, Tetanus
and Pertussis. Appropriate and inappropriate immune response during infection: memory T and
B cells Generation and Maintenance of memory T and B cells.

Unit 3: Vaccination 9 hours

Adjuvants in Vaccination: history, types, mechanisms and current achievements, Induction of
Th1 and Th2 responses by using appropriate adjuvants; Microbial, Liposomal and Micro
particles as adjuvant; Dendritic cells in vaccination; Chemokines and cytokines; Role of
soluble mediators in vaccination; oral immunization and mucosal Immunity

113
Unit 4: Vaccines 9 hours
Conventional vaccines; Bacterial vaccines; live attenuated and inactivated vaccine; Subunit
Vaccines and Toxoids; Peptide Vaccines – Examples with case studies. Vaccines for specific
targets; Tuberculosis Vaccine; Malaria Vaccine; HIV vaccine and SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines for
the elderly

Unit 5: New Vaccine Technologies and Future Challenges 9 hours

Rationally designed Vaccines; Innovation in future vaccines: DNA and RNA vaccines;
Mucosal vaccination; new approaches for vaccine delivery; Engineering virus vectors for
vaccination. Vaccine economics, Globalization of vaccine production, Vaccine implementation
on the field, Vaccine perception

Text Books
1. Stefan H.E. Kaufmann - Novel Vaccination Strategies- Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &
Co. KgaA- 2004.

References
1. Topley & Wilson’s - Microbiology and Microbial Infections Immunology - Edited by
Stefan H.E. Kaufmann and Michael W Steward Holder Arnold- ASM Press- 2005.
2. Charles A Janeway. Jr, Paul Travers, Mark Walport and Mark J Shlomchik - Immuno
Biology, The Immune system in health and Disease - Garland Science- New York,
2005 (6th Edition)

BIOPROCESS INSTRUMENTATION AND L T P C

217BIT3112
CONTROL 3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To have an improved understanding of instrumentation in bioprocess and basic knowledge on
control concepts

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Classify instruments for the measurement of pressure, temperature, fluid flow and liquid
level.
CO2: Understand the dynamic behavior of process systems
CO3: Develop the ability to describe quantitatively the behavior of simple control systems
CO4: To tune a control loop and to apply this knowledge in measurements
CO5: Develop the ability to design advanced control systems

114
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M H H
CO2 H M H M M M
CO3 H H M M M
CO4 H M H M M M M M
CO5 H H M M M M

Unit 1: Process Instrumentation 9 hours

Principles of measurements and classification of process control instruments- Bioreactor
Instrumentation- Online and offline monitoring of bioprocess- physical, chemical and
biochemical parameters- Measurements of temperature, pressure, fluid flow, liquid weight and
weight flow rate, viscosity, pH, concentration and composition of biomass and other
metabolites- Sensors - Control of pH- dissolved oxygen- dissolved carbon dioxide- temperature
of fermenters- foam-Rheological measurement and control

Unit 2: Closed Loop Control Systems 9 hours

Development of Block diagram- Controllers and Final Control Elements- positioners- valve
body, valve plugs- Valve characteristics-Transfer functions for controllers - Feedback control
system-Proportional, Derivative, Integral control- Proportional- Integral (PI) - Proportional-
Derivative (PD) - Proportional Integral Derivative controller (PID)

Unit 3: Open Loop Systems 9 hours

Laplace transformation, application to solve ODEs- Open-loop systems, first order systems and
their transient response for standard input functions, first order systems in series- linearization
and its application in process control-second order systems and their dynamics- transportation
lag.

Unit 4: Computer Control of Biochemical processes 9 hours

Application of microcomputers in the study of microbial process- Elements of Digital
computers- Computer Interfaces and peripheral devices- Fermentation software systems

Unit 5: Advanced Control Systems 9 hours

Controller tuning- Cascade control- Feed forward and ratio control - Dead time compensation -
Internal Model Control - Smith predictor controller- Programmed batch bio-reaction- Design
and operation strategies for batch plants-Continuous process control.

Text Books
1. Bailey, J.E. and Ollis, D.F. - Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals- McGraw Hill
Publishers, New Delhi - 2004 (2nd Edition)
2. Seborg, D. E. and Mellichamp, D. A. - Process Dynamics and Control - Wiley, New
York – 2010 (3rd Edition)
3. Coughnowr, D. P. - Process Systems Analysis and Control - McGraw Hill- New York-

115
 1991 (2nd Edition)
References
1. Harriot, P. - Process Control- Tata McGraw Hill- New Delhi- 2005 (4th Edition)
2. Smith, C. A. and Corripio, A. B. - Principles and Practice of Automatic Process
Control- Wiley, New York - 1997 (2nd Edition)

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN L T P C
217BIT3113
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To enhance the knowledge on mass transfer concepts in biological systems

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Describe quantitatively the properties of fluids for momentum transport
CO2: Describe the dynamics of momentum transport
CO3: Develop the ability to describe quantitatively the behavior of energy transport
CO4: Develop the ability to describe quantitatively the behavior of mass transport
CO5: Develop the ability to describe quantitatively the behavior of oxygen transport in
biochemical systems

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H M H H
CO2 H M M M
CO3 H M M M
CO4 H M M M M
CO5 H M M M

Unit 1: Introduction to Transport Processes in Biological Systems 9 hours

Role of transport processes in biological systems – definition of transport processes – Relative
importance of convection and diffusion – Transport within cells – Trans cellular transport –
Physiological transport systems – Application of transport processes in disease pathology,
treatment and device development – Relative importance of transport and reaction processes

Unit 2: Momentum Transport in Biological Systems 9 hours

Rheology and flow of blood – Conservation of mass in 3-D – Conservation of linear
momentum and Navier-Stokes equation – Fluid motion with more than one independent
variable – Dimensional analysis and Dimensionless groups

116
Unit 3: Physiological Flow in Biological Systems 9 hours
Integral form of equation – Bernoulis equation applied to Stenotic heart valves – Boundary
layer theory – Flow separation – Lubrication theory – peristaltic pumping

Unit 4: Mass Transport in Biological Systems 9 hours

Solute fluxes in mixtures – Conservation relations – Constitutive relations – Diffusion as
random walk – Estimation of diffusion coefficients in solution – Steady state diffusion in one
dimension– unsteady state diffusion in one dimension – Diffusion limited reactions –
Electrolyte transport – Diffusion and convection

Unit 5: Porous Media and Trans vascular Transport 9 hours

Porosity, tortuosity and volume fraction – Fluid flow in porous media – Solute transport in
porous media – Fluid transport in poroelastic materials – Pathways for transendothelial
transport – rates of transvascular transport – Phenomenological constants in the analysis of
transvascular transport - Limitation of Starlings law

Text Book
1. Truskey, G.A., Yuan, F., David, F.K. - Transport Phenomena in Biological Systems-
Prentice Hall, New Jersey – 2009 (2nd Edition)
Reference
1. Bird, R.B., Stewart, W.E., Lightfoot, E.N. - Transport Phenomena, Revised - John
Wiley and Sons- Singapore – 2007 (2nd Edition)

L T P C
217BIT3114 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To describe messengers in various signals, structure and mechanism of receptors, how to
communicate signalling through phosphorylation and how they are interact plant microbe
interactions
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: List the key signaling in biology and how to regulate cells and cell cycles
CO2: Demonstrate structure, function and modulation of different receptors and its cross talk
with in the cell communication
CO3: Explain and illustrate how cells are communicating neighbor cells through protein
signaling
CO4: Discuss molecular mechanism of signals in microbes and plants through regulation of
defense and elicitors and root nodule in rhizobium
CO5: Explain importance and various classifications of signal proteins and its functional
alteration of cells

117
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H H H L
CO2 H M M M M L
CO3 H H M M H M M L
CO4 H H M H M M M L
CO5 H M M M M L

Unit 1: SIGNALS IN BIOLOGY 9 hours

Introduction - basic elements of cell signaling systems - sensors, autocrine, paracrine and
endocrine signaling molecules, first messengers, secondary signaling molecules, G-protein,
coupled signal transduction pathway involving cAMP, cGMP, IP3, DAG and Ca2+ as second
messengers, calcium signaling, regulation of the cell cycle by protein kinases pathway,
programmed cell death pathway.

Unit 2: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SIGNALING PATHWAY 9 hours

Ligand and receptors structure, types and functions, adapter molecules, signaling cascade,
transcription factors and its regulation, gene activation- signal switches Wnt signaling, Notch
signalling and Hedghock signaling- MAP Kinase Pathways, TGF-
insulin receptor, GPCR regulate cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels,- cross-talk among
different signaling, pathways, the role of NO as an intercellular messenger

Unit 3: CELLS IN THEIR SOCIAL CONTEXT 9 hours

Cell junctions: occluding, adherent, gap junctions connexins proteins – cell – cell adhesions,
cadherins, integrins, and selectins, adhesion receptors – extracellular matrix proteins and its
types, matrix influenced cell shape and cell migration – plant cell wall and its contact, adhesive
molecules in plant
Unit 4: SIGNALING IN MICROORGANISMS AND PLANTS 9 hours
Phenyl propanoid metabolic pathway overview- phytohormones and its types - auxin,
cytokinins, vegetative development, abscisic acid, giberlic acid regulated growth repressor,
strigolactones, gibberellins & brassinosteroids, ethylene, jasmonates & salicylates, super oxide
anion, - pathogenesis related proteins, elucitors and its mechanism - signaling in transport and
the control of plant growth and development, the roll of signaling in formation of root nodule
in rhizobium.

Unit 5: SIGNAL TRANSMISSION VIA PROTEINS 9 hours

General classification of proteins, membrane and cytoplasmic proteins- mechanism of
phosphorylation, phosphorylation of activation and inactivation, acetylation, palmitoylation,
sumolation, mrystioylation, src homolog function as tyrosin kinase, structure and function of
SH2 domain, ERK pathway, Jak-STAT pathway, MAPK pathway, case study gene mutation
leads to development of diseases like cancer etc.

118
TEXT BOOKS
1. B. D. Gomperts, Peter E. R. Tatham, Ijsbrand M. Kramer, Signal transduction,
Academic Press, 2nd Edition, 2009.
2. Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter
Walter., Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science;. New York, 6th Edition, 2014.

L T P C
217BIT3115 STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To describe the various structural forms of proteins; To understand the protein expression
technologies; To enumerate the process of crystallization and crystal engineering; To describe
the purification and crystallization of membrane proteins and understand the basics of
interaction analysis.

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Describe the various structural forms of proteins
CO2: Understand the protein expression technologies
CO3: Enumerate the process of crystallization and crystal engineering
CO4: Describe the purification and crystallization of membrane proteins
CO5: Understand the basics of interaction analysis

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 H H H H
CO2 H H H H
CO3 H H H H
CO4 H H H H
CO5 H H H H

Unit 1: Introduction to Protein Structure 9 hours

Structure of proteins: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structure of proteins;
Super-secondary structure of proteins; Domains, motifs, and folds in protein structure -
Structural domain, Structural and sequence motif, Protein folding; Protein structure
determination; Protein structure classification.

Unit 2: Expression of Proteins 9 hours

Expression in bacteria (Escherichia coli), insect (Sf9 and Sf21), mammalian Cells (HEK293
and CHO), Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae); prominent expression systems: MultiBac
System; Purification using His-Tag technology; Cell-free protein production.

119
Unit 3: Protein Crystallization and Crystal Engineering 9 hours
Selection of cryoprotectants and multistep soaking system; Protein modification for
crystallization; Characteristics of macromolecules in the crystalline state; Hydrogen and water
molecules in crystalline proteins; X-ray diffraction and Bragg equation; Metal ions and
proteins interactions; Protein and lipid interactions.

Unit 4: Purification and Crystallization of Membrane Proteins 9 hours

Membrane protein purification and crystallization- Chromatographic Techniques and Basic
Operations in Membrane Protein Purification- Production and purification of recombinant
membrane proteins - SDS Electrophoresis Techniques - Blue-Native Electrophoresis-
Preparative Isoelectric Focussing-Introduction to PDB Data.

Unit 5: Interaction Analysis 9 hours

Analytical ultracentrifugation; Mass spectrometry; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and
Cryo-Electron microscopy, advantages and disadvantages of all the processes

Text Book:
1. T. Senda, M. Katsumi - Advanced Methods in Structural Biology- Springer protocols
handbooks- 2016 (1st Edition)- ISBN 9784431560289.

Reference(s):
1. L.J. Banaszak - Foundations of structural biology- Academic Press- 2000 (1st Edition) -
ISBN 978-0-12-077700-6.
2. L. Anders, L. Liljas, J. Piškur, G. Lindblom, P. Nissen, M. Kjeldgaard - Textbook of
structural biology- Singapore: World Scientific - 2009 (1st Edition)- ISBN 978-981-277-207-7

L T P C
217BIT3116 SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To describe overview, structural, biochemical, molecular, proteomics analysis of network
constructions and their applications
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: List the overview and fundamentals of systems biology
CO2: Demonstrate the structural modeling and biochemical analysis of network interactions
CO3: Explain the systems biological applications of developmental biology
CO4: Discuss the construction of network through gene expression
CO5: Explain importance and various techniques involved to construction of network

120
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO PSO
PO/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
PSO
CO1 M M M H M M M H
CO2 H M M M M M M M M H
CO3 H M H H M M M H
CO4 H M M M M H
CO5 H M M M M H M M H H

Unit 1: SYSTEMS BIOLOGY – FUNDAMENTALS 9 hours

Overview of Gene Control –Working of Genetic Switches – Introductory Systems Biology:
The biochemical paradigm, genetic paradigm and the systems paradigm. Basic notion for
computational model, network, data interactions,- network motifs, genetic network evolution,
and cellular decision-making.

Unit 2: STRUCTURAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF NETWORK 9 hours

Overview of common modeling approaches for biochemical network- structural analysis of
biochemical network – flux cone – elementary flux model and extreme pathway- kinetic
models of biochemical network- data resources for modeling of cellular reaction systems-

Unit 3: BUILDING SYSTEMS BIOLOGICAL NETWORK 9 hours

Building an Organism starting from a single cell -Quorum Sensing – Programmed Population
Control by Cell-Cell Communication and Regulated Killing- Gene ontology database, String
database, IntAct data analysis, cytoscape, BioGRID, inBio discover, Visualization of protein-
protein interactome.

Unit 4: GENE EXPRESSION NETWORKS 9 hours

Gene regulation at a single cell level- Transcription Networks -basic concepts -coherent Feed
Forward Loop (FFL) and delay gate -The incoherent FFL -Temporal order, Signaling networks
and neuron circuits -Aspects of multi-stability in gene networks.

Unit 5: EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 9 hours

Cloning vectors and DNA libraries – 1D and 2D gel electrophoresis – protein separation
techniques - Hybridization and blotting techniques – Yeast two hybrid screenings – DNA
protein chips – Mass spectrometry – RNA interference

TEXT BOOKS
1. E. Klipp, Lebermeister, W. C. Wierling A. Kowald, Systems Biology, Willey-Vch, 2nd
Edition, 2016.
2. Pablo A. Iglesias, Brian P. Ingalls. Control Theory and Systems Biology, MIT Press,
UK, London 1st Edition, 2016.

121
 UNIVERSITY ELECTIVES

L T P C
214BIT1101 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course Objective:
Students can elaborate the principles of Computational Biology and its applications

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Enumerate the basics of Molecular Biology, Mathematics, Statistics and Computer
Science
CO2: Explain the niche areas of Molecular Biology
CO3: Understand the basics of Bioinformatics
CO4: Elaborate the advancements made in Bioinformatics
CO5: Understand the niche areas of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO/ PO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 H H M M
CO2 M H H M
CO3 H M H H
CO4 M M M H
CO5 H M H M

Unit1: Basics of Molecular Biology, Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science 9 hours
Molecular Biology, Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science; Molecular Biology-DNA
and Proteins, The Central Dogma, The Genetic Code Transfer, RNA and Protein Sequences,
Mathematics- Introduction to Graphs, Interval Graphs; Probability and Statistics; Basics of
Computer Science.

Unit 2:Niche areas of Molecular Biology 9 hours

Cloning and Clone Libraries; Random Clones; Libraries by Complete Digestion; Libraries by
Partial Digestion; Physical Genome Maps: Oceans, Islands, and Anchors; Mapping by
Fingerprinting; Mapping by Anchoring; An Overview of Clone Overlap; Sequence Assembly;
Shotgun Sequencing; Sequencing by Hybridization.

Unit3: Basics of Bioinformatics 9 hours

Databases and Rapid Sequence Analysis; DNA and Protein Sequence Databases; Hashing a
Sequence; Repeats in a Sequence; Sequence Comparison by Hashing; Sequence Comparison
by Statistical Content; Dynamic Programming Alignment of Two Sequences;
Global Distance Alignment; Global Similarity Alignment; Multiple Sequence Alignment,
Trees and Sequences; Trees- Distance- Parsimony- Maximum Likelihood Trees

122
Unit4: Advanced Bioinformatics 9 hours
Local Alignment and Clumps; Linear Space Algorithms; Tracebacks; Inversions; Map
Alignment; Parametric Sequence Comparisons; Dynamic Programming in r-Dimensions;
Weighted-Average Sequences; Profile Analysis; Alignment by Hidden Markov Models
Consensus Word Analysis

Unit5: Niche areas of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science 9 hours

Extreme Value Distributions; The Chein-Stein Method; Poisson Approximation and Long
Matches; Sequence Alignment with Scores; Probability and Statistics for Sequence Patterns;
A Central Limit Theorem; Non-overlapping Pattern Counts

Text Book:
1. Waterman, M. S. (2018). Introduction to Computational Biology: Maps, Sequences and
Genomes. United States: CRC Press.
2. Wong, K. (2021). Computational Biology and Bioinformatics: Gene
Regulation. (n.p.): Taylor & Francis Limited.
3. Schonbach, C., Nakai, K. (2018). Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational
Biology: ABC of Bioinformatics. Netherlands: Elsevier Science.

References:
1. Wünschiers, R. (2015). Computational Biology: A Practical Introduction to BioData
Processing and Analysis with Linux, MySQL, and R. Germany: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

L T P C
214BIT1102 EXPLORING THE MICROBIAL WORLD
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To explore the basic knowledge about microorganisms and their importance

Course Outcomes
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the basic history, identify and characterize the major groups of
microorganisms.
2. Distinguish among prokaryotic and eukaryotic structure, organization, metabolism and
environmental needs of organisms.
3. Identify and discuss the importance of microbial genetics and metabolism.
4. Express the role of microorganisms in the environment.
5. Explain the fundamental mechanisms of the human immune response and characterize
the body’s defenses against infectious agents.

123
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

PO PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO PO PO

1 10 11 12
CO 1 H
CO 2 H L H
CO 3 H L H
CO 4 L L H H L
CO 5 L H L H
Unit 1: History of Microbiology 9 hours
Contributions of Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Lister, Tyndall, etc. Biogenesis vs Abiogenesis,
Koch’s postulates, discovery of antibiotics and Vaccine.. Classification of living organisms;
Heckel, Whittaker and carlwoese systems. Place of microorganisms in the living world.
Taxonomy– Principle and its types (Classical approach– Numerical, Chemical, Serological and
Genetic)

Unit 2: Microbial Characteristics and Classification 9 hours

Differentiating features, habitats, reproduction and classification of bacteria, viruses, algae and
fungi, actinomycetes, yeast, mycoplasma and bacteriophages. Microbial spores and process of
sporulation / germination process. Types of microbial pathogens and disease caused by them.
Normal micro flora in humans / animals and host defense Microbial interactions like symbiosis
and antibiosis etc.
Unit 3: Microbial Genetics and Metabolism 9 hours
Conjugation, Transduction, Transformation, isolation of auxotrophs, replica plating techniques,
analysis of mutations in biochemical pathway, one gene – one enzyme hypothesis. Unique
pathways, photosynthesis, fermentation and its products, Gentic Improvement of
microorganisms
Unit 4: Microbes and Environment 9 hours
Role of microbes in environment – positive and negative roles. Biodegradation of lignin,
pesticides, bioaccumulation of heavy metals and detoxification, biopesticides, genetically
modified organisms – Concerns and advantages. Bioremediation of polluted water. Use of
rDNA technology in microbes, Nitrogen fixing microbes in agriculture.
Unit 5: Infection and Immunity 9 hours
Source of infection of humans, vehicles of reservoir of infection. Exogenous infection:
Patients, carrier, infected animals. Endogenous infections. Mode of spread of infection –
Respiratory, skin, wound and burn, venereal infection, arthropod borne infection, alimentary
tract infection, laboratory infections. Microbial pathogenesis – Transmission, infection and
virulence, toxigenicity and invasiveness. Host defense mechanism against pathogens.

124
References
1. Prescott, L.M J.P. Harley and C.A. Klein 1995. Microbiology 2nd edition Wm, C.
Brown publishers.
2. Michael J. Pelczar, Jr. E.C.S. Chan, Moel : Microbiology Mc Graw Hill Book R. Krieg,
1986 Company
3. Stainer R.Y. Ingraham J.L. Wheolis H.H and Painter P.R. 1986 The Microbial world,
5th edition. Eagle Works Cliffs N.J. Prentica Hall.

L T P C
214BIT1103 HUMAN DISEASES AND PREVENTION
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To get familiar with various human diseases and its preventive measures

Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Understand the fundamentals of public health system.
CO2: Describe the diseases caused by microorganisms.
CO3: Explain the significance of non-communicable diseases.
CO4: Understand the basis of the diseases of genetic origin.
CO5: Describe the principles of disease prevention.

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO
PO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 M M
CO2 M H M
CO3 M M
CO4 M M
CO5 M M H H M

Unit 1: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH 9 hours

Fundamentals of public healthcare - Promise and practice of public health - Health impact
pyramid; Origins of public health. Ecological and social determinants of health; Organization
and financing of public health; Overview of healthcare law and policy.

Unit 2: COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 9 hours

Diseases of microbial origin acquired through respiratory route - tuberculosis; Diseases of
microbial origin acquired through alimentary route - cholera; Diseases of microbial origin
acquired through skin, mucosa, and blood stream; Diseases of microbial origin acquired
through vectors - Malaria.

125
Unit 3: NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 9 hours
Diabetes: Classification, disease mechanism, symptoms, epidemiology, organ systems
affected; Obesity: Fundamentals of obesity, Health burden originating from obesity,
Associated complications; Overview of cardiovascular disorders; Introduction to cancer

Unit 4: DISEASES OF GENETIC ORIGIN 9 hours

Fundamentals of genetics; Brief introduction to genetic disorders - Autosomal dominant -
Autosomal recessive - X-linked dominant - X-linked recessive - Y-linked disorders.

Unit 5: PREVENTION OF DISEASES 9 hours

Antibiotics and Disinfectants in controlling diseases of microbial origin; Cancer therapeutics -
Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, Surgical therapy; Life style changes to prevent obesity, and
type 2 diabetes; Molecular cytogenetics and prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders.

Text Books
1. Ryan KJ, Ray CG - Sherries Medical Microbiology: Introduction to infectious diseases
- McGraw-Hill -2003 (4th Edition).
2. Cummings MR. - Human Heredity: Principles and issues - Yolanda Cossio - 2014 (10th
Edition)
Reference
1. Goldsteen RL, Goldsteen K and Dwelle T - Introduction to public health: Promise and
Practice - Springer Publishing Company - 2014 (2nd Edition).

L T P Credit
214BIT1104 ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To appreciate the importance of microorganisms in context to environment
Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Recognize the importance of microbial diversity and their different environment
CO2: Describe microbial processes of environmental and geochemical significance
CO3: Provide detailed information on the most up to date methods for the study of microbial
indicators
CO4: Explain the different microbiological waste treatment methods
CO5: Demonstrate the importance of microbes in various applications

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO/ PO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 H H
CO2 H M H
CO3 H M M H
CO4 H H M H
CO5 H H M H

126
UNIT I : DIVERSITY OF MICROORGANISMS 9 hours
Introduction; history of environmental microbiology; prokaryotes versus eukaryotes-
eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure, general characters; three domains of life; important
uses and harmful effects of a) protozoa b) algae, c) fungi, d) bacteria and e) virus; effects and
microbial adaptations to environmental conditions - temperature, oxygen, desiccation, extreme
cold, ionic effect, osmotic pressures, radiant energy, hydrostatic pressures.

UNIT II : NUTRITION, GROWTH AND CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS 9 hours

Nutritional requirements: macronutrients, micronutrients, trace metals and growth factors,
nutrient media and growth conditions, nutritional types based on energy source; bacterial
growth curve; methods for determining bacterial numbers, mass and cell constituents;
inhibition of microbial growth, sterilization and disinfection, antisepsis and sanitation, mode of
action: physical and chemical agents; classes of disinfectants: phenol and phenolics alcohol,
halogens; factors affecting sterilization and disinfection.

UNIT III: BIOINDICATORS 9 hours

Bioindicators: definition; plankton community as indicators of water pollution; use of diversity
index in evaluation of water quality; determination of microbiological quality of recreational
and potable waters; indicator organisms, coliforms and E. coli, fecal Streptococci, clostridia,
heterotrophic plate counts etc.; lichens as air pollution indicators.

UNIT IV: MICROBIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT METHODS 9 hours

Activated sludge process; anaerobic sludge digestion; root zone technology; microbial
biosorption technology; mass scale production of Effective Microorganisms (EM) for waste
treatment; economics of waste treatment; bacteriology of water and sewage; bacteriological
examination of water; biodegradation of plastic, pesticides and hydrocarbons; microalgal
bioremediation of heavy metals.

UNIT V: MICROBIAL APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENT 9 hours

Biopesticides; biofertilizers; biofuels; biosensors; bioindicators; biodegradable plastics; factors
affecting the bioremediation processes; effects of co-substrates on microorganisms;
phytoremediation; sequestering carbon dioxide; biomonitoring; biomembrane reactors;
important case studies in environmental biotechnology: oil spill, textile wastewater treatment,
chromium reduction.

TEXTBOOKS
1. Madigan M.T, Martinko J.M, Parker J-Brock biology of microorganisms-Upper Saddle
River, NJ, Prentice hall–2014 (14th Edition)
2. Willey J.M, Sherwood L, Woolverton C.J, Prescott L.M-Microbiology-McGraw-Hill
Higher Education-New York, USA-2008 (7th Edition)
3. Schlegel H.G, Zaborosch C-General microbiology-Cambridge University Press, New York,
USA-1993.

REFERENCES
1. Maier R.M, Pepper I.L, Gerba C.P-Environmental Microbiology-Academic Press-2009.

127
2. Mohapatra P.K-Textbook of Environmental Microbiology-IK International Publishing
House, New Delhi, India-2008.

L T P C
214BIT1105 BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To develop knowledge in renewable and non-renewable energy sources and to understand the
mechanisms of various bio energy production techniques

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Identify various renewable energy sources
CO2: Describe large- scale fuel technologies and bioconversions
CO3: Demonstrate how biogas is produced from various bio-resources
CO4: Distinguish between the processes involved in bioethanol and butanol production
CO5: Evaluate the mechanisms involved in biodiesel production
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 H
CO2 M H
CO3 H H M H M
CO4 M H M M
CO5 M

UNIT I :Renewable Energy Source

Hydropower, geothermal power, solar power, wind power with suitable case studies – Biofuel -
Biomass - Feed stocks (agricultural crops, bioenergy crops, agricultural waste residues, wood
residues, waste stream)

UNIT II :Fuel Technology and Bioconversion

History - Definition of biofuel, applications of biofuel (transport, direct electricity generation,
home use and energy content of biofuel) - Bioconversion of lignocellulose, cellulose
saccharification, pretreatment technologies (air separation process, mechanical size reduction,
autohydrolysis) - Pulping and bleaching – Enzymatic deinking.

UNIT III :Biogas

Biogas plant, feed stock materials, biogas production, factors affecting methane formation -
Role of methanogens – Biohydrogen production by algae and photosynthetic bacteria with
suitable case studies

UNIT IV :Bio Ethanol and Butanol

Advantages of ethanol over fossil fuels, production of ethanol from cellulosic materials,
ethanol recovery - Biobutanol production, energy content and effects on fuel economy with

128
suitable case studies - Octane rating, air fuel ratio, specific energy, viscosity, heat of
vaporization -Butanol fuel mixtures

UNIT V: Biodiesel
Production of biodiesel, oil extraction from algae by chemical solvents, enzymatic, expeller
press - Osmotic shock and ultrasonic assisted extraction - Applications of biodiesel,
environmental benefits and concerns

Text Book(s):
1. Alain A.V., Biomass to biofuels strategies for global Industries, John Wiley & sons ltd,
1stEdition, 2010.
2. Twidell., J & Weir., T., Renewable energy resources, Taylor & Francis 2nd Edition,
2006.
Reference(s):
1. Luque, R., Camp, J., Hand book of biofuel production processes and technologies,
Woodhead publishing ltd., 1stEdition, 2011.

L T P C
214BIT1106 BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To understand the basics in biological methods for waste water treatment

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Apply the fundamental physico-chemical and microbiological principles behind
wastewater treatment processes
CO2: Understand the various principles that underlie major unit operations used in bioprocess
treatment.
CO3: Explain the principles of activated suspended and attached sludge processes
CO4: Describe the principles and significance behind biological nutrient removal
CO5: Explain the tools and techniques involved in anaerobic treatment and sludge disposal

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO/ PO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 H M M
CO2 H M M
CO3 H H M
CO4 H M H M
CO5 H H H M M

129
Unit 1: Overview 9 Hours
The main pollutants and their effects on the environment. Characteristics, type and quantity of
municipal effluent. Typical loads pollution in municipal wastewater. Physical treatment
process - Principles of Screening – Mixing, Equalization – Sedimentation – Filtration –
Adsorption – membrane separation, Reverse Osmosis, Principles of Chemical treatment –
Coagulation flocculation – Precipitation – flotation – Disinfection, advanced oxidation.

Unit 2: Principles of Bioprocess Treatment 9 Hours

Objectives of biological treatment – significance – Biochemical environments: aerobic,
anaerobic and anoxic. Microbial diversity in wastewater treatment process; Kinetics of
biological growth – Factors affecting growth – attached and suspended growth –
Biodegradability assessment; Concepts of Oxygen Demand – BOD and COD. Water Quality
and Dissolved Oxygen.

Unit 3: Activated Sludge Processes 9 Hours

Aerobic biological oxidation, process description, environmental factors, Oxidation Ditch
systems, Principles of aeration, factors affecting oxygen transfer, Final clarification.
Introduction to attached growth systems, Applications of rotating biological contactors, Bio-
Towers, Process design considerations. Aerobic stabilization ponds; Maturation ponds,
Constructed wetlands.

Unit 4: Biological Nutrient Removal 9 Hours

Biological removal of nitrogen. Nitrification. Biochemistry and microbiology of the process.
Denitrification. Biochemistry and microbiology of the process. Incorporation into the activated
sludge. Biological phosphorus removal, Removal of phosphorus by chemical addition.
Combined removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by biological methods.

Unit 5: Anaerobic and Sludge Treatment Processes 9 Hours

Anaerobic process description. Comparison with the aerobic processes. Types of Anaerobic
reactors. Production of biogas. Characteristics of the sludge. Reuse and disposal of sludge.
Operations and processes for sludge treatment. Thickening. flotation. Aerobic digestion.
Anaerobic digestion.

Textbook(s):
1. Metcalf and Eddy - Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse - Tata McGraw Hill -
New Delhi - 2003

Reference(s):
1. Qasim, S.R., Motley, E.M. and Zhu G - Water Works Engineering – Planning, Design and
Operation - Prentice Hall - New Delhi, 2002
2. Arceivala, S.J. - Wastewater treatment for pollution control – TMH - New Delhi – 2008

130
 L T P Credit
214BIT1107 BIO-CORROSION
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To provide understanding of types of corrosion with special emphasize on bio-corrosion

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Understand the principles of corrosion
CO2: Analyze the factors influencing corrosion
CO3: Explain the methods to study corrosion
CO4: Describe the principles and significance behind chemical corrosion
CO5: Understand microbial corrosion

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO/ PO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 H M M
CO2 H M M
CO3 H M M
CO4 H M M
CO5 H M M

Unit 1: Types of Corrosion 9 hours

Introduction; Corrosion; Mechanism of Dry and Wet Corrosion; Dry Corrosion (Chemical
Corrosion); Wet Corrosion (Electrochemical Corrosion); Electrochemical Theory of Corrosion
(Mechanism of Rusting of Iron); Types of Corrosion-Galvanic Corrosion (Bimetallic
Corrosion); Pitting Corrosion; Differential Aeration Corrosion (Concentration Cell Corrosion);
Waterline Corrosion; Stress Corrosion (Stress Cracking); Soil Corrosion; Microbial Corrosion;

Unit 2: Factors Influencing Corrosion 9 hours

Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion; Preventive Measures of Corrosion (Corrosion
Control)-Using Pure Metal; Using Metal Alloys; Proper Designing; Cathodic Protection
(Electrical Protection); Protective Coatings; Electroplating; Galvanization and Tinning.

Unit 3: Measurement Techniques 9 hours

Electrochemical methods to Measure Corrosion: DC Polarization, linear polarization method,
AC Impedance; Experimental measurement of corrosion Quantification of corrosion
Environmentally Induced Cracking, Corrosion Fatigue, Hydrogen Induced Cracking,
Application of Fracture mechanics.

Unit 4: Chemical Corrosion 9 hours

Corrosion by water – importance of water, corrosion and water quality. Types of water –
cooling water systems, steam generation systems. Water treatment, scaling indices. Ion
associated models. Atmospheric Corrosion, Oxidation in Gaseous Environments, Ellingham
Diagrams, Role of Protective Scale, Molten Salt Corrosion. Chemical processes industry (like

131
Pulp mill operations, bleach plants, boilers, paper machine, water treatment plants in the pulp
and paper industry) infrastructure and transportation industry.

Unit 5: Microbial Corrosion 9 hours

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) – Causative organisms and mechanisms,
Biofilm formation and reactions. Identification of causative organisms. Measurement of MIC.
Impact of engineering practices on susceptibility to MIC. Strategies to prevent MIC.
Environmental degradation of ceramics, Degradation of Polymeric Materials, Failure analysis,
Corrosion Prevention methods.

Text Book
1. Pierre R.Roberge: Corrosion engineering – Principles and practice. The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc. (2008).
References
1. D. A. Jones: Principles and Prevention of Corrosion, Macmillan Publ. Co. (1996).
2. C. Scully: The Fundamental of Corrosion, 2nd ed., Pergamon Press: E. E. Stansbury
and R. A. Buchanan, Fundamentals of Electrochemical Corrosion, ASM International
(2000).
3. M.G. Fontana: Corrosion Engineering, 3rd. Ed., McGraw Hill. (1986).
4. J. M. West: Electro deposition and Corrosion Control, W. Revie (ed.): Corrosion
Handbook, Electrochemical Society Series, John Wiley and Sons, 2000.
5. S.W.Borenstein, Microbiologically influenced corrosion handbook, Woodhead pub.
Ltd., Cambridge (1994).

L T P C
214BIT1108 BIOLOGY OF CANCER
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To provide an overview of structure and function of cell, importance of cell cycle in context to
cancer and carcinogenesis
Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Understand the fundamentals of a cells and its organization.
CO2: Describe how the cells undergo cell division and the cell cycle.
CO3: Explain the process by which a normal cell turns into a cancerous cell.
CO4: Understand the mechanisms by which chemical carcinogens and radiation causes cancer.
CO5: Describe the underlying pathways and molecular mechanisms of cancer.

132
Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO
PO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

CO1 H H M H M
CO2 H H M M
CO3 H M M M
CO4 H M M M M M M
CO5 H H M M

Unit 1: Basics of cancer

Cancer definition; Types of cancer; Terminologies in cancer – Nomenclature of cancer types;
Mutations; Carcinogens – Physical, Chemical and Biological;
Unit 2: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle – M Phase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase, G0 Phase; Cell cycle regulation;
Dysregulation of cell cycle in cancer.
Unit 3: Fundamentals of Cancer Biology
Mutations that cause changes in signal molecules - Effects on receptor, signal switches,
tumour suppressor genes - Modulation of cell cycle in cancer, different forms of cancers, diet
and cancer

Unit 4: Principles of Carcinogenesis

Theory of carcinogenesis - chemical carcinogenesis, metabolism of carcinogenesis, principles
of physical carcinogenesis, x-ray radiation - mechanisms of radiation carcinogenesis

Unit 5: Principles of Molecular Cell Biology of Cancer

Signal targets and cancer, activation of kinases - oncogenes, identification of oncogenes,
retroviruses and oncogenes - Detection of oncogenes, oncogenes and proto oncogene activity -
Growth factors related to transformation - Telomerases

Text Books
1. Robert A. Weinberg., The Biology of Cancer, Garland Science Taylor and Francis
Group, New York. 2nd Edition, 2013
2. De Robertis EDP and De Robertis EMF - Cell and Molecular Biology - Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins - 2010 (8th Edition).
Reference
1. Vincent T. DeVita Jr, Theodore S. Lawrence, Steven A. Rosenberg. Ronald A.
DePinho, Robert A. Weinberg., DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer: Principles
and Practice of Oncology, Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Philadelphia, PA. 11th edition, 2018.

133
 L T P Credit
214BIT1109 ENGINEERING OF CROP PLANTS
3 0 0 3

Course objective(s):
To teach them the methods of plant genetic engineering and applying them to improve the
quality of food or fodder crops

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Understand the structure of plant cell and genome and its unique features
CO2: Design methods for plant propagation and regeneration
CO3: Choose methods to develop hybrid seeds and plan marker-assisted breeding
CO4: Plan strategies to perform genetic engineering of crop plants
CO5: Apply technology to improve the quality of crop plants

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 M
CO2 M M H M
CO3 M M H M H
CO4 H H H H
CO5 H H H H H H H H

Unit 1: Plant Cell Organization 9 hours

Plant Cell introduction, Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Cell wall, Plasma membrane and other
organelles. Plant Genome size, structure and Characteristics

Unit 2: Plant Tissue Culture 9 hours

Totipotency, Plant tissue culture media, Plant Growth Regulators, Organogenesis, Cell
suspension culture, Production of secondary metabolites, Micropropagation, Production of
virus free plants- shoot meristem culture.

Unit 3: Plant Breeding and Molecular Markers 9 hours

Conventional methods of crop improvement, Simple and complex inheritance, Hybrid seeds
production, Molecular markers- AFLP, RFLP, RAPD, SSR markers, Marker-assisted selection
for qualitative and quantitative traits.

Unit 4: Genetic Engineering 9 hours

Agrobacterium biology and T-DNA transfer, Binary vector system, Agrobacterium-mediated
plant transformation, Ti Plasmid. Direct DNA transfer methods in plants - particle
bombardment method. Analysis of transgenic plants and CRISPR/Cas9 targeted genome
editing technology.

134
Unit 5: Applications in crop improvement 9 hours
Transgenic plants: Golden rice, BT Cotton, engineering protein for improved nutrition of
edible crops and Improvement of fodder crops. Gene silencing technology and manipulation of
metabolic pathways for production of healthy fatty acids.

Text Books:
1. Neal Stewart, Jr - Plant Biotechnology and Genetics: Principles, Techniques, and
Applications - John Wiley & Sons Inc. USA - 2016 (2nd Edition)
2. Slater A., Nigel W., Scott, and Fowler MR - Plant biotechnology: The Genetic
Manipulation of Plants - Oxford University Press, London - 2008 (2nd Edition)

Reference:
1. Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Parvaiz Ahmad and Munir Ozturk - Crop Improvement: New
Approaches and Modern Techniques – Springer 2013.

L T P C
214BIT1110 GENE MANIPULATION
3 0 0 3

Course Objective(s):
To understand about replication, transcription and translation process. To develop knowledge
in gene manipulation.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students would be able to
CO1: Differentiate genes, genomics and DNA
CO2: Explain the mechanisms of replication, transcription and translation
CO3: Understand about various enzymes and vectors
CO4: Describe the cloning and its strategies
CO5: Understand applications in gene manipulation

Mapping of Course Outcomes:

CO / PO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 H M
CO2 M H
CO3 H M H
CO4 H M M H
CO5 M M

UNIT I: Genes, Genomes and DNA 9 hours

DNA as the genetic material –Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes,
supercoiling, repetitive DNA - Levels of DNA packaging in Eukaryotes C-value paradox-
Coding and non- coding DNA – regulation of gene expression, factors influencing gene
expression.

135
UNIT II: DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation 9 hours
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication - mechanisms of DNA replication- - replication
inhibitors - DNA Repair and recombination; Gene mutations - types of mutations -
Suppression, RNA Polymerases - Initiation, elongation, termination mechanism of eukaryotic
and prokaryotic transcription - prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation, mechanism of initiation,
elongation and termination, Post transcriptional and post translational regulations

UNIT III: Enzymes & Vectors in Gene Manipulation 9 hours

Restriction nucleases: exo & endo nucleases, Enzymes in modification- Polynucleotide
phosphorylase, DNase, Methylases and phosphatases, polynucleotide kinase, Ligases, RNase
and their mechanism of action -Plasmids, Mammalian expression vectors, Phages, Cosmids,
Fosmids, Phagemids, and Artificial chromosomes, Safety guidelines for recombinant DNA
research, -mechanism of implementation of biosafety guidelines

UNIT IV: Cloning & Expression of Recombinant Protein 9 hours

Cloning strategies- restriction digestion - blunt and cohesive end ligation – design of linkers
and adaptors - cloning after homopolymer tailing; Strategies for cloning PCR products, -
Plasmid expression vectors and check orientation - Methods for protein expression: Strategies
for purification of recombinant proteins, Random and Site directed mutagenesis, functional
alteration of proteins - Construction of cDNA library, Construction of Genomic library,
Screening and preservation of DNA libraries, DNA Sequencing

UNIT V: Applications of Gene Manipulation 9 hours

Application Microbial biotechnology: Genetic manipulation, Engineering microbes for the
production of antibiotics and enzymes, Engineering microbes for the production of insulin,
growth hormones, monoclonal antibodies, Engineering microbes for clearing oil spills

Text Book(s):
1. Friefelder. D., Molecular Biology, McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, USA, 5th
Edition, 2013.
2. Primrose, S., B. and Twyman, R., M., Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics,
Blackwell Publishing Co., 7thEdition, 2006.

Reference(s):
1. Clark, D.P. and Pazdernik, N.J., Molecular Biology, Elsevier Academic Press , 2nd
Edition, 2013
2. Lodge, J., Lund, P., and Minchin, S., Gene Cloning, Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN: 0-
7487-6534-4, 2007.

136