(Original PDF) Business Statistics for

Contemporary Decision Making, 2nd Canadian

Edition install download

https://ebookluna.com/product/original-pdf-business-statistics-
for-contemporary-decision-making-2nd-canadian-edition/

Download more ebook instantly today - Get yours now at ebookluna.com

 We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit ebookluna.com
to discover even more!

(eBook PDF) Business Statistics: For Contemporary Decision Making 10th

Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-for-
contemporary-decision-making-10th-edition/

(eBook PDF) Business Statistics: For Contemporary Decision Making 9th

Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-for-
contemporary-decision-making-9th-edition/

(eBook PDF) Business Statistics: For Contemporary Decision Making, 8th

Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-for-
contemporary-decision-making-8th-edition/

(eBook PDF) Statistics for Business Decision Making Analysis 2nd

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-statistics-for-business-decision-
making-analysis-2nd/
(Original PDF) Statistics for Business: Decision Making and Analysis 3rd
Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/original-pdf-statistics-for-business-
decision-making-and-analysis-3rd-edition/

(eBook PDF) Financial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision-Making, 7th

Canadian Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-financial-accounting-tools-for-
business-decision-making-7th-canadian-edition/

(eBook PDF) Managerial Accounting Tools for Business Decision-Making 5th

Canadian Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-managerial-accounting-tools-for-
business-decision-making-5th-canadian-edition/

(eBook PDF) Business Statistics: A Decision Making Approach 10th Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-business-statistics-a-decision-
making-approach-10th-edition/

Statistics for Business: Decision Making and Analysis 3rd Edition by Robert
Stine (eBook PDF)

https://ebookluna.com/product/statistics-for-business-decision-making-and-
analysis-3rd-edition-by-robert-stine-ebook-pdf/
 BUSINESS
STATISTICS
For Contemporary Decision Making
BLACK • CHAKRAPANI • CASTILLO

Second Canadian Edition

 P RE FA CE

The second Canadian edition of Business Statistics for Contemporary Decision Making
continues the tradition of using clear, complete, and student-friendly pedagogy to present and
explain business statistics topics. The vast ancillary resources available through WileyPLUS
complement the text in helping instructors effectively deliver this subject matter and assisting
students in their learning.
We wrote the chapters in the book to help students construct their knowledge of the big
picture of statistics, provide assistance as needed, and afford more opportunities to practise
statistical skills. The 19 chapters in this book are organized into five units to facilitate stu-
dent understanding of the bigger view of statistics. There are 21 high-quality video tutorials
with Ken Black that explain difficult key topics and demonstrate how to work problems
from challenging sections of the text.
This book is written and designed for a two-semester introductory undergraduate busi-
ness statistics course or an MBA-level introductory course. In addition, with 19 chapters,
this text lends itself nicely to adaptation for a one-semester introductory business statistics
course. The text is written with the assumption that the student has a university algebra
mathematical background. No calculus is used in the presentation of material in the text.
An underlying philosophical approach to the text is that every statistical tool presented
in the book has some business application. While the text contains statistical rigour, it is
written so that the student can readily see that the proper application of statistics in the
business world goes hand in hand with good decision making. In this edition, statistics are
presented as a means for converting data into useful information that can be used to assist
the business decision maker in making more thoughtful, information-based decisions.
Thus, the text presents business statistics as “value-added” tools in the process of converting
data into useful information.

CHANGES FOR THE SECOND EDITION

UNITS AND CHAPTERS
In the second edition, the unit and chapter organization remains the same as in the first
edition—there are 19 chapters organized into five units. The purpose of the unit organiza-
tion is to locate chapters with similar topics together, thereby increasing the likelihood that
students will grasp the bigger picture of statistics.
Unit I, Introduction, contains the first four chapters of the text. In this unit, students learn
some important foundational tools for understanding topics presented in the rest of the course.
In Unit II, Distributions and Sampling, consisting of Chapters 5 through 7, students are pre-
sented with six population distributions and two sampling distributions. In Unit III, Making
Inferences about Population Parameters, which includes Chapters 8 through 11, students learn
about estimating and testing population parameters. Unit IV, Chapters 12 through 15, is called
Regression Analysis and Forecasting. In this unit, students explore relationships between vari-
ables, including developing models to predict a variable by other variables and developing
models to forecast. Unit V, Special Topics, includes nonparametric statistics and quality, which
are covered in Chapters 16 through 18. In these chapters, students are presented with a series
of well-known nonparametric techniques along with a number of quality-improvement con-
cepts and techniques. This unit also includes Chapter 19 on decision analysis.

vi
 PREFACE vii

Topical Changes
Sections and topics from the first Canadian edition remain virtually unchanged in the
second edition, with some exceptions. In Chapter 2, there is a new section on Charts
and Graphs for Two Variables. Chapter 13 includes a new section titled Using Regres-
sion Analysis: Some Caveats, which helps the student to understand the limitations of
multiple regression analysis. And finally, Chapter 14 includes a new section on Logistic
Regression.

Decision Dilemma and Decision Dilemma Solved

The Decision Dilemmas are real business vignettes that open each chapter. They set the
tone for the chapter by presenting a business dilemma and asking a number of managerial
or statistical questions, the solutions to which require the use of techniques presented in
the chapter. The Decision Dilemma Solved feature discusses and answers the managerial
and statistical questions posed in the Decision Dilemma using techniques from the chapter,
thus bringing closure to the chapter. In the second edition, all decision dilemmas have been
revised and updated. Solutions given in the Decision Dilemma Solved features have been
revised for new data and for new versions of computer output.
In addition, a new Decision Dilemma has been introduced in the second edition.
In Chapter 10, we present a Decision Dilemma on a company, L. L. Bean, that is pri-
marily a catalogue and on-line retailer. L. L. Bean of Freeport, Maine, started out as a
one-man operation in 1912 selling hunting boots and has grown into an operation that
ships catalogues to over 160 countries, with more than 11 million customer contacts per
year. In this Decision Dilemma, facts and figures are given on customer contacts, orders
placed on-line, the average order size, and the time that L. L. Bean’s m-commerce site
home page takes to load. In the managerial and statistical questions, students are asked
such questions as, “Is the average order size for women greater than the average order
size for men?”

Statistics in Business Today

This book includes one or two Statistics in Business Today features in every chapter.
This feature presents a real-life example of how the statistics presented in that chapter
apply in the business world today. Several of these features have been revised and in
some cases replaced with more relevant issues. Some of these include “Plastic Bags vs.
Bringing Your Own,” “Ethical Differences between Men and Women,” and “Risk Taking
by Ad Agencies.”

Cases
Every chapter in this text contains a unique business case. All cases in the second edition
have been updated for today’s market. These business cases are more than just long prob-
lems, and in the discussion that follows the business scenario, several issues and questions
are posed that can be addressed using techniques presented in the chapter. Some new cases
have been added to the second edition, including ones on the Container Store, Coca-Cola
in the African market, Whole Foods, and Ceapro.

Problems
Throughout each chapter are problems and demonstration problems for students to apply
their new-found knowledge before moving on to other sections. We examined the problems
viii PREFACE

included in the text for timeliness, appropriateness, and logic before we included them in the
second edition. Those that fell short were replaced or rewritten. In the second edition, there
are 49 new problems. While the total number of problems in the text is 964, a concerted
effort has been made to include only problems that make a significant contribution to the
learning process.
All demonstration problems and example problems were thoroughly reviewed and
edited for effectiveness. A demonstration problem is an extra example containing both a
problem and its solution and is used as an additional pedagogical tool to supplement expla-
nations and examples in the chapters. Virtually all example and demonstration problems in
this edition are business oriented and contain current data available to us.
Problems are located at the end of most sections in the chapters. A significant number of
additional problems are provided at the end of each chapter in the Supplementary Problems.
The Supplementary Problems are “scrambled”—problems using the various techniques in
the chapter are mixed—so that students can test themselves on their ability to discriminate
and differentiate ideas and concepts.

Databases
Available with the second edition are six databases that provide additional opportuni-
ties for students to apply the statistics presented in the text. These six databases repre-
sent a variety of business areas, such as the stock market, international labour, finance,
energy, agri-business, and new to this edition, the registered retirement savings plan
(RRSP) database. The data are gathered from such reliable sources as Statistics Canada,
the Toronto Stock Exchange, the Fraser Institute, and the Global Environment Outlook
(GEO) Data Portal.

STUDENT VIDEO SUPPORT

With the advent of on-line business statistics courses, increasingly large class sizes, and the
number of commuter students who have very limited access to educational resources on
business statistics, it is often difficult for students to get the learning assistance that they
need to bridge the gap between theory and application on their own. Two innovative fea-
tures of the package to address this issue are:

VIDEO TUTORIALS BY KEN BLACK

An exciting feature of the package that will enhance the effectiveness of student learning in
business statistics and significantly enhance the presentation of course material is the series
of video tutorials by Ken Black.
There are 21 video tutorial sessions on key difficult topics in business statistics delivered
by Ken Black. The tutorials are:

1. Chapter 1: Levels of Data Measurement

2. Chapter 2: Stem-and-Leaf Plot
3. Chapter 3: Computing Variance and Standard Deviation
4. Chapter 3: Understanding and Using the Empirical Rule
5. Chapter 4: Constructing and Solving Probability Matrices
6. Chapter 4: Solving Probability Word Problems
7. Chapter 5: Solving Binomial Distribution Problems, Part I
 PREFACE ix

8. Chapter 5: Solving Binomial Distribution Problems, Part II

9. Chapter 6: Solving Problems Using the Normal Curve
10. Chapter 7: Solving for Probabilities of Sample Means Using the z Statistic
11. Chapter 8: Confidence Intervals
12. Chapter 8: Determining which Inferential Technique to Use: Confidence Intervals
13. Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing Using the z Statistic
14. Chapter 9: Establishing Hypotheses
15. Chapter 9: Understanding p Values
16. Chapter 9: Type I and Type II Errors
17. Chapter 9: Two-Tailed Tests
18. Chapter 10: Hypothesis Tests of the Difference in Means of Two Independent
Populations Using the t Statistic
19. Chapter 11: Computing and Interpreting a One-Way ANOVA
20. Chapter 12: Testing the Regression Model I—Predicted Values, Residuals, and Sum of
Squares of Error
21. Chapter 12: Testing the Regression Model II—Standard Error of the Estimate and r 2

OFFICE HOURS VIDEOS BY IGNACIO CASTILLO

New in the second edition are Office Hours Videos, problem-solving video tutorials based
on chapter problems prepared by Canadian author Ignacio Castillo. Icons in the text indi-
cate problems that are accompanied by on-line Office Hours Videos.
The videos by Ken Black and Ignacio Castillo are available for adopters on WileyPLUS
and can easily be uploaded for classroom usage to augment lectures and enrich classroom
presentations. Each video is around 10 minutes in length.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS

CHAPTER FEATURES
Each chapter of the book contains sections called Learning Objectives, a Decision Dilemma,
Demonstration Problems, Section Problems, Concept Checks, Points of Interest, Statistics in
Business Today, Decision Dilemma Solved, Key Considerations, Why Statistics Is Relevant,
Chapter Summary, Key Terms, Formulas, Supplementary Problems, Analyzing the Data-
bases, Case, and Using the Computer.

• Learning Objectives. Each chapter begins with a statement concerning the chapter’s
main learning objectives. This statement gives the reader a list of key topics that will be
discussed and the goals to be achieved from studying the chapter.
• Decision Dilemma. At the beginning of each chapter, a short case describes a real
company or business situation in which managerial and statistical questions are raised. In
most Decision Dilemmas, actual data are given and the student is asked to consider how
the data can be analyzed to answer the questions.
• Demonstration Problems. Virtually every section of every chapter in the book edition
contains demonstration problems. A demonstration problem contains both an example
problem and its solution, and is used as an additional pedagogical tool to supplement
explanations and examples.
• Section Problems. Problems for practice are found at the end of almost every section
of the text. Most problems use real data gathered from a plethora of sources. Included
here are two brief excerpts from some of the real-life problems in the text: “The Canadian
x PREFACE

Beef Export Federation reports that the top six destinations for Canadian beef in a recent
year were the U.S. with $1,697 million, Mexico with $269 million, Japan with $171 million,
South Korea with $28 million, Taiwan with $16 million, and China with $4 million.” “Data
accumulated by Environment Canada show that the average wind speed in kilometres
per hour for Victoria International Airport, located on the Saanich Peninsula in British
Columbia, is 9.3.”
• Concept Checks. Concept checks are conceptual questions aimed to reinforce the
conceptual understanding of the material presented. They are presented following each
main section of the chapter. These questions do not require students to use calculations.
• Points of Interest. Points of interest appear throughout the chapters to provide helpful
tips and further explanation regarding key concepts.
• Statistics in Business Today. Every chapter in the book contains at least one Statistics
in Business Today feature. These focus boxes contain an interesting application of how
techniques from that particular chapter are used in the business world today. They are
usually based on real companies, surveys, or published research.
• Decision Dilemma Solved. Situated at the end of the chapter, the Decision Dilemma
Solved feature addresses the managerial and statistical questions raised in the Decision
Dilemma. Data given in the Decision Dilemma are analyzed computationally and by
computer using techniques presented in the chapter. Answers to the managerial and
statistical questions raised in the Decision Dilemma are arrived at by applying chapter
concepts, thus bringing closure to the chapter.
• Key Considerations. Each chapter contains a Key Considerations feature that is very
timely, given that many users of statistics are unaware of the traps that await the unwary.
With the abundance of statistical data and analysis, there is also considerable potential
for the misuse of statistics in business dealings. The important Key Considerations feature
underscores this potential misuse by discussing such topics as lying with statistics, failing
to meet statistical assumptions, and failing to include pertinent information for decision
makers. Through this feature, instructors can begin to integrate the topic of ethics with
applications of business statistics. Here are two excerpts from Key Considerations
features: “Invalid or spurious results can be obtained by using the parameters from
one population to analyze another population. For example, a market study in Nova
Scotia may result in the conclusion that the amount of fish eaten per month by adults
is normally distributed with an average of 1 kg of fish per month. A market researcher
in Manitoba should not assume that these figures apply to her population. People in
Manitoba probably have quite different fish-eating habits than people in Nova Scotia,”
and “In describing a body of data to an audience, it is best to use whatever measures it
takes to present a full picture of the data. By limiting the descriptive measures used, the
business researcher may give the audience only part of the picture and can skew the way
the receiver understands the data.”
• Why Statistics Is Relevant. This section in each chapter discusses how the material
discussed in that chapter is related to real-life decision making.
• Chapter Summary. Each chapter concludes with a summary of the important concepts,
ideas, and techniques of the chapter. This feature can serve as a preview of the chapter as
well as a chapter review.
• Key Terms. Important terms appear in colour and their definitions, where possible, are
italicized throughout the text as they are discussed. At the end of the chapter, a list of
the key terms from the chapter is presented. In addition, these terms appear with their
definitions in the end-of-book Glossary.
• Formulas. Important formulas in the text are highlighted to make it easy for students to
locate them. In several chapters, formulas are numbered for ease of reference and clarity
if they are referred to more than once. At the end of each chapter, most of the chapter’s
formulas are listed together as a handy reference.
• Supplementary Problems. At the end of each chapter is an extensive set of additional
problems. The Supplementary Problems are divided into three groups: Calculating the
Statistics, which are strictly computational problems; Testing Your Understanding, which
are problems for application and understanding; and Interpreting the Output, which are
problems that require the interpretation and analysis of software output.
 PREFACE xi

• Analyzing the Databases. There are six major databases located on the student
companion website that accompanies the book. The end-of-chapter Analyzing the
Databases section contains several questions/problems that require the application of
techniques from the chapter to data in the variables of the databases. It is assumed that
most of these questions/problems will be solved using a computer.
• Case. Each end-of-chapter case is based on a real company, many featuring Canadian
businesses. These cases give the student an opportunity to use statistical concepts and
techniques presented in the chapter to solve a business dilemma. Some cases feature
very large companies, such as Starbucks, McCain Foods Limited, or Shell Oil. Others
pertain to smaller businesses, such as Delta Wire or Ceapro, that have overcome
obstacles to survive and thrive. Most cases include raw data for analysis and questions
that encourage the student to use several of the techniques presented in the chapter. In
many cases, the student must analyze software output in order to reach conclusions or
make decisions.
• Using the Computer. The Using the Computer section contains directions for producing
the Excel 2010 software output presented in the chapter. It is assumed that students have
a general understanding of a Microsoft environment. Directions include specifics about
menu bars, drop-down menus, and dialogue boxes. Each dialogue box is not discussed
in detail; the intent is to provide enough information for students to produce the same
statistical output analyzed and discussed in the chapter.

TREE DIAGRAM OF INFERENTIAL TECHNIQUES

To assist the student in sorting out the plethora of confidence intervals and hypothesis
testing techniques presented in the text, tree diagrams are presented at the beginning of
Unit III and Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 17. The tree diagram at the beginning of Unit III displays
virtually all of the inferential techniques presented in Chapters 8–10 so that the student can
construct a view of the “forest for the trees” and determine how each technique plugs into
the whole. Then at the beginning of each of these three chapters, an additional tree diagram
is presented to display the branch of the tree that applies to techniques in that particular
chapter. Chapter 17 includes a tree diagram for just the nonparametric statistics presented
in that chapter.
In determining which technique to use, there are several key questions that a stu-
dent should consider. Listed here are some of the key questions (displayed in a list in the
Unit III introduction) that delineate what students should ask themselves in determin-
ing the appropriate inferential technique for a particular analysis: Does the problem call
for estimation (using a confidence interval) or testing (using a hypothesis test)? How
many samples are being analyzed? Are you analyzing means, proportions, or variances?
If means are being analyzed, is (are) the variance(s) known or not? If means from two
samples are being analyzed, are the samples independent or related? If three or more
samples are being analyzed, are there one or two independent variables and is there a
blocking variable?

WileyPLUS
is an innovative, research-based on-line environment for effective teaching
and learning.
WileyPLUS builds students’ confidence because it takes the guesswork out of studying
by providing students with a clear roadmap: what to do, how to do it, if they did it right.
Students will take more initiative so you’ll have greater impact on their achievement in the
classroom and beyond.
Among its many features, this on-line learning interface allows students to study and
practise using the digital textbook, quizzes, and algorithmic exercises. The immediate feed-
back helps students understand where they need to focus their study efforts.
xii PREFACE

In WileyPLUS, students will find various helpful tools, such as an ebook, the student
study manual, videos with tutorials by the authors, applets, Decision Dilemma and Deci-
sion Dilemma Solved animations, learning activities, flash cards for key terms, demonstra-
tion problems, databases in Excel, case data in Excel, and problem data in Excel.

• Ebook. The complete text is available on WileyPLUS with learning links to various features
and tools to assist students in their learning.
• Videos. There are 21 videos of one of the authors explaining concepts and demonstrating
how to work problems for some of the more difficult topics.
• Office Hours Videos. These are worked video examples of selected problems from the
text prepared by Canadian author Ignacio Castillo.
• Applets. Statistical applets are available, affording students the opportunity to learn
concepts by iteratively experimenting with various values of statistics and parameters and
observing the outcomes.
• Learning Activities. There are numerous learning activities to help students better
understand concepts and key terms. These activities have been developed to make
learning fun, enjoyable, and challenging.
• Data Sets. Virtually all problems in the text along with the case problems and the
databases are available to students in Excel format.
• Animations. To aid students in understanding complex interactions, selected figures from
the text that involve dynamic activity have been animated using Flash technology. Students
can download these animated figures and run them to improve their understanding of
dynamic processes.
• Kaddstat. Kaddstat is an easy-to-use add-in to Excel that makes it easier to run complex
statistical tests on Excel.
• Flash Cards. Key terms will be available to students in a flash card format along with their
definition.
• Student Study Guide. The study guide contains complete answers to all odd-numbered
questions.
• Demonstration Problems. Step-by-step solved problems are given for each chapter.

ANCILLARY TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS

www.wiley.com/go/blackcanada

FOR INSTRUCTORS
Several useful supplements and resources are offered on the book’s companion website and
in WileyPLUS. On these sites, instructors will find the Solutions Manual, PowerPoint pre-
sentations, Test Bank, Instructor’s Manual, Computerized Test Bank, and other valuable
teaching resources. The supplements are prepared by subject matter experts and contribu-
tors who are often users of the text.

FOR STUDENTS
On the book’s companion website and WileyPLUS, students will find support materials that
will help them develop their conceptual understanding of class material and increase their
ability to solve problems. In addition to other resources, students will find the databases
accompanying the text, problem files in Excel, formulas, student solutions manual, and
other useful supplements.
 PREFACE xiii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. and the authors would like to thank the reviewers who
cared enough and took the time to provide us with their excellent insights and advice,
which was used to shape and mould the second Canadian edition. Our appreciation goes to:

Fouzia Baki, McMaster University Mohammad Mahbobi, Thompson

Sylvie Bequet, Bishop’s University Rivers University
Andrew Flostrand, Simon Fraser University Stan Miles, Thompson Rivers University
Paramjit Gill, University of British Peggy Ng, York University
Columbia, Okanagan Cecilia Rodriguez, The Northern Alberta
Wayne Horn, Carleton University Institute of Technology
Muhammad Hossain, MacEwan University Keith Rogers, Queen’s University
Tracy Jenkin, Queen’s University Brian Smith, McGill University
Denis Keroack, The Northern Alberta Don St. Jean, George Brown College
Institute of Technology Augustine Wong, York University
Ehsan Latif, Thompson Rivers University Morty Yalovsky, McGill University
Samie Li Shang Ly, Concordia University

Special thanks to our contributors for preparing the various supplements accompanying
the text:

Alexei Gokhman, Humber College Lisa MacKay, SAIT Polytechnic

Denis Keroack, The Northern Alberta Cecilia Rodriguez, The Northern Alberta
Institute of Technology Institute of Technology
Ioulia Kim

There are several people working at or with John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd., in bringing
this edition to fruition whom we would like to thank for their invaluable assistance on
the project. They include Darren Lalonde, Acquisitions Editor; Anita Osborne, Marketing
Manager; Karen Staudinger, Editorial Manager; Daleara Hirjikaka, Developmental Editor;
Penny Walker, Production Editor; Deanna Durnford, Supplements Coordinator; Laurel
Hyatt, Copy Editor; Zofia Laubitz, Proofreader; and Belle Wong, Indexer.

Chuck Chakrapani
Ignacio Castillo

Revising a book is a lonely job. I am thankful for the assistance I received from the Wiley
team and from Tansel Erguden of CSCA at Ryerson.

- Chuck

I would like to thank Dr. Erhan Erkut (Özyeğin University, Turkey) and Dr. Hamid
Noori (Wilfrid Laurier University) for their support and mentorship over the years. I
also would like to thank my parents Ignacio and Lilián, my brother Andrés, my sister
Gabriela, my wife Ivonne, and my sons José and Emilio for their unconditional love.

- Ignacio
 BRI EF CON TE NTS

Unit I • Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics 2
Chapter 2 Charts and Graphs 18
Chapter 3 Descriptive Statistics 52
Chapter 4 Probability 102

Unit II • Distributions and Sampling

Chapter 5 Discrete Distributions 152
Chapter 6 Continuous Distributions 198
Chapter 7 Sampling and Sampling Distributions 236

Unit III • Making Inferences about

Population Parameters
Chapter 8 Statistical Inference: Estimation for Single Populations 272
Chapter 9 Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing for Single
Populations 312
Chapter 10 Statistical Inferences about Two Populations 366
Chapter 11 Analysis of Variance and Design of Experiments 426

Unit IV • Regression Analysis and Forecasting

Chapter 12 Correlation and Simple Regression Analysis 488
Chapter 13 Multiple Regression Analysis 544
Chapter 14 Building Multiple Regression Models 580
Chapter 15 Time-Series Forecasting and Index Numbers 634

Unit V • Special Topics

Chapter 16 Analysis of Categorical Data 694
Chapter 17 Nonparametric Statistics 718
Chapter 18 Statistical Quality Control 770
Chapter 19 Decision Analysis 812
Appendix A Tables 849
Appendix B Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered Quantitative Problems 889
Glossary 897
Index 907

xiv
 CONTEN TS

ABOUT THE AUTHORS v

PREFACE vii

UNIT I • INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Statistics 2 2.3 QUALITATIVE DATA GRAPHS 31

Pie Charts 31
DECISION DILEMMA: Statistics Describe the State of
Bar Charts 33
Business in India’s Countryside 3
Pareto Charts 34
1.1 STATISTICS IN BUSINESS 4
2.4 CHARTS AND GRAPHS FOR TWO
1.2 BASIC STATISTICAL CONCEPTS 4 VARIABLES 37
Cross Tabulation 37
1.3 VARIABLES AND DATA 7
Scatter Plot 38
1.4 DATA MEASUREMENT 7
Key Considerations 42
Nominal Level 7
Ordinal Level 8 Summary 43
Interval Level 9
Key Terms 43
Ratio Level 9
Comparison of the Four Levels of Data 9 Supplementary Problems 44

Key Considerations 12 Analyzing the Databases 47

Summary 13 CASE: Soap Companies Do Battle 48

Key Terms 13 Using the Computer 49

Supplementary Problems 13
CHAPTER 3 Descriptive Statistics 52
Analyzing the Databases 14
DECISION DILEMMA: Laundry Statistics 53
CASE: Canadian Farmers Dealing with Stress 15
3.1 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY:
Using the Computer 16
UNGROUPED DATA 54
Mean 54
CHAPTER 2 Charts and Graphs 18 Median 55
Mode 56
DECISION DILEMMA: Energy Consumption
Percentiles 57
around the World 19
Quartiles 59
2.1 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS 20
3.2 MEASURES OF VARIABILITY:
Class Midpoint 21
UNGROUPED DATA 62
Relative Frequency 21
Range 63
Cumulative Frequency 21
Interquartile Range 63
2.2 QUANTITATIVE DATA GRAPHS 24 Mean Absolute Deviation, Variance, and
Histograms 24 Standard Deviation 65
Frequency Polygons 26 Mean Absolute Deviation 66
Ogives 27 Variance 66
Stem and Leaf Plots 28 Standard Deviation 67

xv
xvi CONTENTS

z Scores 73 4.3 STRUCTURE OF PROBABILITY 107

Coefficient of Variation 74 Experiment 107
Event 107
3.3 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY AND
Elementary Events 107
VARIABILITY: GROUPED DATA 78
Sample Space 108
Measures of Central Tendency 78
Unions and Intersections 108
Measures of Variability 80
Mutually Exclusive Events 109
3.4 MEASURES OF SHAPE 86 Independent Events 110
Skewness 86 Collectively Exhaustive Events 110
Kurtosis 87 Complementary Events 110
Box and Whisker Plots 88 Counting the Possibilities 111
3.5 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS ON THE 4.4 MARGINAL, UNION, JOINT, AND CONDITIONAL
COMPUTER 91 PROBABILITIES 114
Key Considerations 92 4.5 ADDITION LAWS 115
Probability Matrices 117
Summary 93
Complement of a Union 120
Key Terms 94 Special Law of Addition 121
Formulas 94 4.6 MULTIPLICATION LAWS 124
General Law of Multiplication 124
Supplementary Problems 95
Special Law of Multiplication 127
Analyzing the Databases 99
4.7 CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY 130
CASE: Coca-Cola Develops the African Market 99 Independent Events 134
Using the Computer 100 4.8 REVISION OF PROBABILITIES:
BAYES’ RULE 138

CHAPTER 4 Probability 102 Key Considerations 142

DECISION DILEMMA: Education, Gender, and Summary 143

Employment 103 Key Terms 143
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY 104 Formulas 144
4.2 METHODS OF ASSIGNING PROBABILITIES 105 Supplementary Problems 144
Classical Method of Assigning Probabilities 105
Analyzing the Databases 148
Relative Frequency of Occurrence 106
Subjective Probability 106 CASE: Bluewater Recycling Association Offers Bigger Bins 148

UNIT II • DISTRIBUTIONS AND SAMPLING

CHAPTER 5 Discrete Distributions 152 5.4 POISSON DISTRIBUTION 172

Working Poisson Problems by Formula 174
DECISION DILEMMA: Life with a Cellphone 153 Using the Poisson Tables 175
5.1 DISCRETE VERSUS CONTINUOUS Mean and Standard Deviation of a Poisson
DISTRIBUTIONS 154 Distribution 176
Graphing Poisson Distributions 177
5.2 DESCRIBING A DISCRETE DISTRIBUTION 155 Using the Computer to Generate Poisson
Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of Discrete Distributions 178
Distributions 156 Approximating Binomial Problems by the Poisson
5.3 BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 160 Distribution 179
Solving a Binomial Problem 161 5.5 HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION 184
Using the Binomial Table 164 Using the Computer to Solve for Hypergeometric
Using the Computer to Produce a Binomial Distribution Probabilities 186
Distribution 166
Key Considerations 188
Mean and Standard Deviation of a Binomial
Distribution 167 Summary 189
Graphing Binomial Distributions 168 Key Terms 190
 CONTENTS xvii

Formulas 190 Supplementary Problems 230

Supplementary Problems 190 Analyzing the Databases 233

Analyzing the Databases 195 CASE: Mercedes Goes after Younger Buyers 233
CASE: Whole Foods Market Grows through Mergers Using the Computer 234
and Acquisitions 195

Using the Computer 196 CHAPTER 7 Sampling and Sampling

Distributions 236
CHAPTER 6 Continuous Distributions 198 DECISION DILEMMA: What Is the Attitude of Maquiladora
Workers? 237
DECISION DILEMMA: The Cost of Hiring a Smoker 199
7.1 SAMPLING 238
6.1 UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION 200
Reasons for Sampling 238
Determining Probabilities in a Uniform Distribution 201
Reasons for Taking a Census 239
6.2 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 204 Frame 239
History of the Normal Distribution 205 Random versus Nonrandom Sampling 239
Probability Density Function of the Normal Random Sampling Techniques 240
Distribution 205 Nonrandom Sampling 245
Standardized Normal Distribution 206 Sampling Error 247
Solving Normal Curve Problems 208 Nonsampling Errors 247
Using the Computer to Solve for Normal Distribution
7.2 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF x̄ 249
Probabilities 214
Sampling from a Finite Population 256
6.3 USING THE NORMAL CURVE TO APPROXIMATE
7.3 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF p̂ 258
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION PROBLEMS 216
Correcting for Continuity 219 Key Considerations 262
6.4 EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION 224 Summary 262
Probabilities of the Exponential Distribution 225
Key Terms 263
Using the Computer to Determine Exponential Distribution
Probabilities 226 Formulas 263
Key Considerations 228 Supplementary Problems 263
Summary 229 Analyzing the Databases 266
Key Terms 230 CASE: Shell Attempts to Return to Premier Status 266
Formulas 230 Using the Computer 267

UNIT III · MAKING INFERENCES ABOUT POPULATION PARAMETERS

CHAPTER 8 Statistical Inference: Estimation Robustness 284

for Single Populations 272 Characteristics of the t Distribution 285
Reading the t Distribution Table 285
DECISION DILEMMA: Compensation for Purchasing
Confidence Intervals to Estimate the Population
Managers 273
Mean Using the t Statistic 286
8.1 ESTIMATING THE POPULATION MEAN USING THE Using the Computer to Construct t Confidence
z STATISTIC (␴ KNOWN) 275 Intervals for the Mean 288
Finite Correction Factor 279
8.3 ESTIMATING THE POPULATION
Estimating the Population Mean Using the z Statistic when
PROPORTION 291
the Sample Size Is Small 280
Using the Computer to Construct z Confidence Intervals 8.4 ESTIMATING THE POPULATION VARIANCE 295
for the Mean 281 8.5 ESTIMATING SAMPLE SIZE 299
8.2 ESTIMATING THE POPULATION MEAN USING THE Determining Sample Size when Estimating ␮ 299
t STATISTIC (␴ UNKNOWN) 283 Determining Sample Size when Estimating p 301
The t Distribution 284 Key Considerations 304
xviii CONTENTS

Summary 305 CASE: McCain’s New Ultra Thin Crust Pizza Targets
Women 363
Key Terms 305
Using the Computer 364
Formulas 305
Supplementary Problems 306
CHAPTER 10 Statistical Inferences about
Analyzing the Databases 309 Two Populations 366
CASE: The Container Store 309
DECISION DILEMMA: L. L. Bean 367
Using the Computer 311
10.1 HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND CONFIDENCE
INTERVALS ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE IN TWO
CHAPTER 9 Statistical Inference: MEANS USING THE z STATISTIC (POPULATION
Hypothesis Testing for VARIANCES KNOWN) 370
Single Populations 312 Hypothesis Testing 371
Confidence Intervals 374
DECISION DILEMMA: Business Referrals 313
Using the Computer to Test Hypotheses about the
9.1 INTRODUCTION TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING 315 Difference in Two Population Means Using
Types of Hypotheses 315 the z Test 376
Research Hypotheses 315
10.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND CONFIDENCE
Statistical Hypotheses 316
INTERVALS ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE IN TWO
Substantive Hypotheses 318
MEANS: INDEPENDENT SAMPLES WITH
Using the HTAB System to Test Hypotheses 318
POPULATION VARIANCES UNKNOWN 379
Rejection and Nonrejection Regions 321
Hypothesis Testing 379
Type I and Type II Errors 322
Using the Computer to Test Hypotheses and Construct
9.2 TESTING HYPOTHESES ABOUT A POPULATION Confidence Intervals about the Difference in Two
MEAN USING THE z STATISTIC Population Means Using the t Test 382
(␴ KNOWN) 324 Confidence Intervals 384
Testing the Mean with a Finite Population 326
10.3 STATISTICAL INFERENCES FOR TWO RELATED
Using the p Value to Test Hypotheses 326
POPULATIONS 390
Using the Critical Value Method to Test Hypotheses 328
Hypothesis Testing 390
Using the Computer to Test Hypotheses about a Population
Using the Computer to Make Statistical Inferences about
Mean Using the z Statistic 330
Two Related Populations 393
9.3 TESTING HYPOTHESES ABOUT A POPULATION Confidence Intervals 395
MEAN USING THE t STATISTIC
10.4 STATISTICAL INFERENCES ABOUT TWO
(␴ UNKNOWN) 332
POPULATION PROPORTIONS, p1 – p2 400
Using the Computer to Test Hypotheses about a Population
Hypothesis Testing 401
Mean Using the t Test 336
Confidence Intervals 405
9.4 TESTING HYPOTHESES ABOUT A
10.5 TESTING HYPOTHESES ABOUT TWO
PROPORTION 339
POPULATION VARIANCES 407
9.5 TESTING HYPOTHESES ABOUT A Hypothesis Testing 408
VARIANCE 345 Using the Computer to Test Hypotheses about Two
9.6 SOLVING FOR TYPE II ERRORS 348 Population Variances 411
Some Observations about Type II Errors 353 Key Considerations 416
Operating Characteristic and Power Curves 353
Effect of Increasing Sample Size on the Rejection Summary 416
Limits 355 Key Terms 416
Key Considerations 358 Formulas 416
Summary 358 Supplementary Problems 417
Key Terms 359
Analyzing the Databases 423
Formulas 359 CASE: Seitz LLC: Producing Quality Gear-Driven and
Supplementary Problems 360 Linear-Motion Products 423

Analyzing the Databases 363 Using the Computer 424

 CONTENTS xix

CHAPTER 11 Analysis of Variance and 11.5 A FACTORIAL DESIGN

Design of Experiments 426 (TWO-WAY ANOVA) 461
Advantages of the Factorial Design 462
DECISION DILEMMA: Job and Career Satisfaction of Foreign
Factorial Designs with Two Treatments 462
Self-Initiated Expatriates 427
Applications 463
11.1 INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN OF Statistically Testing the Factorial Design 463
EXPERIMENTS 428 Interaction 465
Using a Computer to Do a Two-Way
11.2 THE COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN ANOVA 469
(ONE-WAY ANOVA) 431
One-Way Analysis of Variance 432 Key Considerations 478
Reading the F Distribution Table 435
Summary 479
Using the Computer for One-Way ANOVA 436
Comparison of F and t Values 437 Key Terms 480

11.3 MULTIPLE COMPARISON TESTS 442 Formulas 480

Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test: The
Supplementary Problems 481
Case of Equal Sample Sizes 443
Using the Computer to Do Multiple Comparisons 445 Analyzing the Databases 484
Tukey-Kramer Procedure: The Case of Unequal CASE: ASCO Valve Canada Introduces Red
Sample Sizes 447 Hat Valve 485
11.4 THE RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN 451 Using the Computer 486
Using the Computer to Analyze Randomized
Block Designs 456

UNIT IV • REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING

CHAPTER 12 Correlation and Simple 12.7 HYPOTHESIS TESTS FOR THE SLOPE OF THE
Regression Analysis 488 REGRESSION MODEL AND TESTING THE
OVERALL MODEL 516
DECISION DILEMMA: Predicting International Hourly Wages
Testing the Slope 516
by the Price of a Big MacTM 489
Testing the Overall Model 519
12.1 CORRELATION 490
12.8 ESTIMATION 521
12.2 INTRODUCTION TO SIMPLE REGRESSION Confidence Intervals to Estimate the Conditional
ANALYSIS 493 Mean of y: ␮y/x 522
Prediction Intervals to Estimate a Single Value of y 523
12.3 DETERMINING THE EQUATION OF THE
REGRESSION LINE 495 12.9 USING REGRESSION TO DEVELOP A
FORECASTING TREND LINE 525
12.4 RESIDUAL ANALYSIS: TESTING THE Determining the Equation of the Trend Line 526
REGRESSION MODEL I—PREDICTED VALUES, Forecasting Using the Equation of the Trend Line 528
RESIDUALS, AND SUM OF SQUARES Alternative Coding for Time Periods 528
OF ERROR 502
Using Residuals to Test the Assumptions of the 12.10 INTERPRETING THE OUTPUT 532
Regression Model 504 Key Considerations 533
Using the Computer for Residual Analysis 505
Summary 534
12.5 STANDARD ERROR OF THE ESTIMATE: TESTING Key Terms 535
THE REGRESSION MODEL II—STANDARD ERROR
OF THE ESTIMATE AND r SQUARED 509 Formulas 536
Supplementary Problems 536
12.6 COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION: TESTING
THE REGRESSION MODEL III—STANDARD Analyzing the Databases 540
ERROR OF THE ESTIMATE AND r
CASE: Delta Wire Uses Training as an Advantage 541
SQUARED 513
Relationship between r and r2 515 Using the Computer 542
xx CONTENTS

CHAPTER 13 Multiple Regression 14.2 INDICATOR (DUMMY) VARIABLES 596

Analysis 544 14.3 MODEL BUILDING: SEARCH
DECISION DILEMMA: Will You Like Your New Job? 545 PROCEDURES 603
Search Procedures 604
13.1 THE MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL 546
Multiple Regression Model with Two Independent 14.4 MULTICOLLINEARITY 613
Variables (First Order) 547 14.5 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 616
Determining the Multiple Regression Equation 548 An Example of Logistic Regression 616
A Multiple Regression Model 549 The Logistic Regression Model 618
13.2 SIGNIFICANCE TESTS OF THE REGRESSION Interpreting the Output 619
MODEL AND ITS COEFFICIENTS 554 Testing the Overall Model 620
Testing the Overall Model 554 Testing Individual Predictor Variables 621
Significance Tests of the Regression Coefficients 556 Key Considerations 625
13.3 RESIDUALS, STANDARD ERROR OF THE Summary 625
ESTIMATE, AND R2 559
Residuals 559 Key Terms 626
SSE and Standard Error of the Estimate 560 Formulas 626
Coefficient of Multiple Determination (R2) 562
Adjusted R2 563 Supplementary Problems 626

13.4 INTERPRETING MULTIPLE REGRESSION Analyzing the Databases 631

COMPUTER OUTPUT 565 CASE: Ceapro Turns Oats into Beneficial Products 631
13.5 USING REGRESSION ANALYSIS: Using the Computer 632
SOME CAVEATS 568
Influential Observations 568
Extrapolation 570 CHAPTER 15 Time-Series Forecasting
Nonlinearity 570 and Index Numbers 634
Collinearity 570 DECISION DILEMMA: Forecasting Air Pollution 635
Small Samples in Relation to the Number
of Variables 570 15.1 INTRODUCTION TO FORECASTING 636
Identifying Dependent and Independent Variables 571 Time-Series Components 637
Regression Analysis: A Family of Techniques 571 The Measurement of Forecasting Error 638
Error 638
Key Considerations 573
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) 638
Summary 573 Mean Square Error (MSE) 639
Key Terms 574 15.2 SMOOTHING TECHNIQUES 641
Formulas 574 Naive Forecasting Models 641
Averaging Models 642
Supplementary Problems 574 Weighted Moving Averages 645
Analyzing the Databases 577 Exponential Smoothing 647

CASE: Starbucks Introduces Debit Card 578 15.3 TREND ANALYSIS 652
Linear Regression Trend Analysis 653
Using the Computer 579
Regression Trend Analysis Using Quadratic Models 655
Holt’s Two-Parameter Exponential Smoothing
CHAPTER 14 Building Multiple Regression Method 658
Models 580 15.4 SEASONAL EFFECTS 659
DECISION DILEMMA: Determining Compensation Decomposition 660
for CEOs 581 Winters’ Three-Parameter Exponential Smoothing
Method 665
14.1 NONLINEAR MODELS: MATHEMATICAL
TRANSFORMATION 582 15.5 AUTOCORRELATION AND
Polynomial Regression 582 AUTOREGRESSION 666
Tukey’s Ladder of Transformations 585 Autocorrelation 666
Regression Models with Interaction 587 Ways to Overcome the Autocorrelation Problem 670
Model Transformation 590 Autoregression 670
 CONTENTS xxi

15.6 INDEX NUMBERS 673 Key Terms 684

Simple Index Numbers 674 Formulas 684
Unweighted Aggregate Price Index Numbers 675
Weighted Aggregate Price Index Numbers 676 Supplementary Problems 685
Laspeyres Price Index 677 Analyzing the Databases 690
Paasche Price Index 678 CASE: Dofasco Changes Its Style 690
Key Considerations 683 Using the Computer 691
Summary 683

UNIT V · SPECIAL TOPICS

CHAPTER 16 Analysis of Categorical Key Terms 762

Data 694 Formulas 762
DECISION DILEMMA: Selecting Suppliers in the
Supplementary Problems 763
Electronics Industry 695
Analyzing the Databases 767
16.1 CHI-SQUARE GOODNESS-OF-FIT TEST 696
CASE: Schwinn 768
16.2 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS: CHI-SQUARE
TEST OF INDEPENDENCE 704 Using the Computer 769

Key Considerations 712

CHAPTER 18 Statistical Quality
Summary 713
Control 770
Key Terms 713
DECISION DILEMMA: Italy’s Piaggio Makes a
Formulas 713 Comeback 771
Supplementary Problems 714 18.1 INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY CONTROL 772
Analyzing the Databases 716 What Is Quality Control? 772
Total Quality Management 773
CASE: Foot Locker in the Shoe Mix 716
Some Important Quality Concepts 777
Using the Computer 717
18.2 PROCESS ANALYSIS 782
Flowcharts 782
CHAPTER 17 Nonparametric
Pareto Analysis 784
Statistics 718
Cause-and-Effect (Fishbone) Diagrams 785
DECISION DILEMMA: How Is the Doughnut Control Charts 786
Business Doing? 719 Check Sheets or Checklists 786
17.1 RUNS TEST 721 Histogram 787
Small-Sample Runs Test 722 Scatter Chart or Scatter Diagram 787
Large-Sample Runs Test 723 18.3 CONTROL CHARTS 788
17.2 MANN-WHITNEY U TEST 726 Variation 788
Small-Sample Case 726 Types of Control Charts 788
Large-Sample Case 728 Interpreting Control Charts 798

17.3 WILCOXON MATCHED-PAIRS SIGNED Key Considerations 805

RANK TEST 735
Summary 803
Small-Sample Case (n ⱕ 15) 735
Large-Sample Case (n ⬎ 15) 737 Key Terms 805

17.4 KRUSKAL-WALLIS TEST 743 Formulas 805

17.5 FRIEDMAN TEST 749 Supplementary Problems 806
17.6 SPEARMAN’S RANK CORRELATION 755 Analyzing the Databases 809
Key Considerations 761 CASE: Catalyst Paper Introduces Microsoft
Summary 761 Dynamics CRM 809
xxii CONTENTS

CHAPTER 19 Decision Analysis 812 Key Considerations 844

DECISION DILEMMA: Decision Making at the Summary 843

CEO Level 813
Key Terms 844
19.1 THE DECISION TABLE AND DECISION MAKING Formula 844
UNDER CERTAINTY 814
Decision Table 815 Supplementary Problems 844
Decision Making under Certainty 816
Analyzing the Databases 847
19.2 DECISION MAKING UNDER CASE: Fletcher-Terry: On the Cutting Edge 847
UNCERTAINTY 816
Maximax Criterion 816
Maximin Criterion 817 APPENDIX A Tables 849
Hurwicz Criterion 817
Minimax Regret 819
APPENDIX B Answers to Selected Odd-
19.3 DECISION MAKING UNDER RISK 824 Numbered Quantitative
Decision Trees 825 Problems 889
Expected Monetary Value 825
Expected Value of Perfect Information 829
GLOSSARY 897
Utility 830

19.4 REVISING PROBABILITIES IN LIGHT INDEX 907

OF SAMPLE INFORMATION 833
Expected Value of Sample Information 836
Unit I
INTRODUCTION

T
he study of business statistics is important, valuable, and interesting. However, be-
cause it involves a new language of terms, symbols, logic, and mathematics, it can be
daunting. For many students, this text is their first and only introduction to business
statistics, which instructors often teach as a “survey course.” That is, the student is presented
with an overview of the subject, including many techniques, concepts, and formulas. It can
be overwhelming! One of the main difficulties in studying business statistics in this way is
being able to see the forest for the trees; that is, to sort out the myriad topics so they make
sense. With this in mind, we have organized the chapters of this text into four units, with
each unit containing chapters that present similar material. At the beginning of each unit,
an introduction presents the overarching themes to those chapters.
Unit I is titled “Introduction” because the four chapters (1–4) contained herein intro-
duce the study of business statistics. In Chapter 1, students will learn the many meanings of
the word statistics, the concepts of descriptive and inferential statistics, and the levels of data
measurement. In Chapter 2, students will see how raw data can be organized using various
graphical and tabular techniques to facilitate their use in making better business decisions.
Chapter 3 introduces some essential and basic statistics that will be used both as a way to
summarize data and as tools for techniques introduced later in the text. The chapter also in-
cludes a discussion of distribution shapes and measures of association. In Chapter 4, the basic
laws of probability are presented. The notion of probability underlies virtually every busi-
ness statistics topic, distribution, and technique, thereby making it important to appreciate
and understand the subject. In Unit I, the first four chapters, we are developing building
blocks that will enable you to understand and apply statistical concepts, so you can analyze
data to assist present and future business managers in making better decisions.
Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
 225 Trade. To gather by tradinff, bapala ; to trade together,
rekalana; trade, papalo. TSA.DER, A. Mmapatsi; semans (hybrid).
Tradition, a. Tlhaxnane. To keep or observe a tradition, tshegetsa
tlhamane. Trail. A trail or spoor, motlhala; a trail of a snake, modila;
to trail along the ground, as a long garment, kgOKgotha. Train. To
teach, rata; to break in, katisa; to become trained, kata ; it is not yet
trained, ga e e se e kate; a train, tren (hybrid). Tbamp. iS«e
Trample. A tramp, or tramping noise, mosito. Trample, to. Ghita;
kataka; shdbotla ; shnpntsa. To trample much, gataka; to trample,
as a large number, kgobola, kgwa« botsa; to trample to pieces,
shnga; to trample on each other, katakalana ; to trample or tramp
down loose soil, kata; to trample on, kat^la; to trample mad with a
noise, cobotla; to trample ander foot, gat^la kwa tlhatshe. Trance. A
dream, toro; a vision, sebono. Transept, a. Bohaka (hybrid).
Transform. See Change. Transgress, to. Tlola. Transgression, a.
Tlolo. Tsansgressor, a. Motlodi. Translate, to. Hetola; phatholola.
That which is translated into,8e se hetolecwen mo. Tbanslator, a.
Mohetodi ; mophatholodi. Tkap. A trap made by gun, spear, etc.,
serai ; a trap made of stones, sera ; a snare, matlwana, sern;' a
falling log, mogotUia ; to trap, or place a trap for, tha^la. Trapper, a.
Mothaedi. T&AYAIL^ TO. IkatlwA; hhlhgSL, A tmmilpam, motlotBedi.
Travel, to. £ta. To ti-avel to, ^t^la. Traveller, a. Moeti; motsamai.
Traverse. To pass through, ralala. Tray, a. Secholo. Treacherous. He
is treacherous, o malonwane. Treachery. Mooko; koko. Tread. See
Trample. Treading place, a. Bogato. Treason. A conspiracy,
kgolaganyo. Treasure. Khumo ; mahumo ; lohunio. Treat. To give a
treat, itnmedisa; to treat badly, dihcla mashw^ ; to treat well, dihela
sentl^ ; a treat, or pleasure, boitumMo. Treaty, a. Kgolagano ;
kgolagano ; kdloagano. To make a treaty, golagana, golagana, ko.
loagana. To make a treaty in the old heathen way, konopana ka
moshwan, kabakana ka moshwan ; to abrogate, or annul a treaty,
golaganolola. Tree, a. Setlhare. A dead tree still standing, lotlbarapa,
mesh waoe me ; the standing stump of a cut down tree, sesipi ; a
short stump, sesichwana; a young tree, or shrub, setlhatshana ; a
hole in a tree, or a hollow tree, lechwago ; to root up a tree,
khumola; to seek the shade of a tree, kwaea. Trees. Ditlhare. A thick
cluster, or grove of trees, sekgwa. Tremble, to. Koroma ; t^t^s^la;
tatas^la; tlakasMa. To tremble from cold, or weakness, t^t^s^la ;
to tremble from fear, roroma ; to cause to tremble, roromisa ; to
tremble, as the lips of an «Ai%t^ , c>x amused person,
\5ft\>eiTv^^. Trembling, a. 'I^t;^?rfe\b •, "Os^oromo. Trench , a .
'M.os^\^ . 1?
 226 Trespass, a. Tloio. Trial, a. Teko. A self-trial, boiteko.
Tribe, a. Sesbaba; loco. Tribes. Dicbaha; died. Tribulation. TlalMo.
Tribute. See Tax. Trickery. See Deceit. Trickle. To trickle, as a liqnid,
mtma; to trickle, as sand, grain, etc., horos^la. Trigger, a. Bora yoa
tlbobo16; bane (hybrid). Trip. To trip up, kgopa, kgokgweetsa; it bas
tripped bim np, se mo kgopile ; be bas been tripped up by it, o
kgopilwe ke sbona; to be tripp^ad up by a tbing on tbe ground,
kgocwa ; to be tripped up by a tbing above the ground, kbutlwa.
Tripple. To vibmte or quiver, as a trippling horse, kgapbasMa.
Triumphal. Triumphal shouts of a returning army (when on the
road), meepelet^ne; (when enteriug a town), meepelwane ;
triumphal shouts of women when welcoming a returning army,
megolokwane. Trivet. Stone used as a trivet, letsbego ; an iron
trivet, tsbipi ea letsbego. Troop. A company of soldiers, mopbato ; a
troop of animals, see Drove. Trot, to. Khobakhoba; kgobakgoba.
Trouble. Chwenyfego. Distress, tlalMo ; to trouble, tlboabatsa; to
tease, cbwenya; to agitate, hudwa, kgobera ; to annoy, yesa manya
; to be sore troubled, go betwa ke pelo ; to trouble for, cbwenyetsa;
to trouble each other, chwenyetsanya. Troubled, to be. Tlboabala;
tibodidga ; chweny^ga. To become troubled in mind, silohala.
Troubles, a. Lechwenyo. Troublesome. To make oneself troublesome,
ikadisa; a troublesome person, or animal, lecboko, sepapathegi.
Troubling. A troubling, or teasing, cbwenyo. Trough. A receptacle for
catching dropping liquid, sedibeleco. Trousers. Borokgwe (hybrid).
Trowel. Dusho loa ser^ts^ ; troffel (hybrid). True. The word is true,
lehoko le boamarure ; true, or lasting joy, boitumMo yoa tlhomamo ;
the true God, Modimo o o boamarure; to make true, rurehatsa,
rurahatsa. Truly. Aitse; amarure; rure; aitsane ; ka mmanete. To
speak truly, bn^la rure. Trumpet. Terompeta (hybrid). A lohare bone
used as a trumpet, phare ; a post bugle, phala ea pos ; to blow a
trumpet, letsa ; to sound, as a trumpet, lela; to trumpet, as an
elephant, tlerebetsa ; to trumpet, as an angry elephant, kgayay^ga.
Trunk. A box, letlole; the trunk of a dead tree, mokgoro ; an
elephant's trunk, selopo, selopa. Trust, to. Ikanya. To trust in, ikanya
mo ; 1 have trusted, ke ikants^; to trust, or have confidence in,
kgantsha : I trust, or hope that it will be so, kea sholoh^la ha go tla
nna yalo ; his word inspires trust, lehoko ya gagw^ le ag^la
mosakd; to cease to trust, ikanyologfr ; trust, or confidence,
boikanyo ; trust, or faithfulness, boika&o; to cause to trust, ikantsha.
Trusted. To be tmsted, ika&wa; they are tmsted, ba ikancwe^^ a
trusted one, moVks£wi. TiCQSil. k\.rQ^t^^x^^iiQrthy
The text on this page is estimated to be only 27.94%
accurate

227 servant, motlhanka eo o boikftno. TftUTH. Boamamre.

Ofatnith, amamre, ka mmanete ; in yery trath^ tdta. Tar, TO. Leka.
Tuber. An edible taber, lekwele,kwele; an edible tuber, or root, like a
carrot, segw^t^. Tuesday. Loabobedi; Tosdag (hybrid). Tuft. A toft
of feathers on a bird's head, tlopo ; a toft of hfur, see Uaib. Tug. To
tug at, and pall tight, kivatlalatsa. TuLP. Teledimo. Tumble. See Fall.
Tumour, a. Tlbagala. A painless tumoor, boshwa. Tumult, a. Tlhapeo.
A commotion, phndu^o. TuNK, A. Pina. Tosefcatane tlhabeletsa ; a
tone-setter, mo tlhabeletsi. Turbid. To make torbid, kgo bera, kgoba;
to be tarbid kgober^ga, kgob^ga. Turkey, a. K.alkan (hybrid) A wild
turkey, or bastard kgoii. Turn. To torn aside, hapaana to torn from
side to side, or over and oiver, as a sick person phetekgtoa, bidikama
; to turn out of a path (of oneself), ha po^ ; to tarn a person or
animal out of a path, haposa betomed oat of the path, o la a hapoga
mo tselen ; he will torn you out of the path, o tla gu haposa tsela ;
he turned into this path, o la a hi^K>g^la mo tseleh e ; to torn
back, or torn the course of aa>-thiDg, thibu, menola ; to turn
another away from eiol, thiba mo bosholeii ; to turn people away
from old habits, l6mok>la; he will turn them from their customs, o
t2a faa lemolola mo mekgwefk ea honag to tern btnok, or hinder
from going, iletsa ; to turn round {of oneself), retologa, shokoloffa,
ithetolola, imeDola, iposa, nulara, ralara ; to tarn another round,
menola, retolokb, shokolola ; to turn to one side, menoga ; turn that
way, menog^Ia kwa; to turn aside to, menog^la kwa, hapog^la
kwa; to turn a thing upside down, pitikolola, phecola; to turn upside
down, as a pot, eta, ribega, thulama; to turn a thfng round, or cause
it to revolve, dikolosa ; to turn round, or revolve, dikologa ; to tarn
roand a comer, icoketsa ; to caase to go round a comer, coketsa ; to
turn up, or tilt up, sek^ga, tsek^^ ; to tarn over a thing held in the
hand, pitikolola ; to turn, or roll over, a log, etc., moving it from its
former ^aoe, pitika ; to tarn the back, hulara ; they will turn their
backs upon him, ba tla mo hular^Ia ; to turn back without going all
the way, geloga: te tarn oneself back suddenly, thimoga ; to turn
back, or over, as a skin when flaying, bushulosa ; to turn the head
back, after looking round, sheboga ; to turn the head away without
moving the body, phamoga ; to turn the head away, and move,
cuboga; he turned away from them, a ba cubug^la ; to turn a thinff
over to the other side, phecola ; to turn an animal over when
skinning it, tlhap^a ; to turn anything over in the mind, akanya; to
turn inside out, tlhanola ; to become turned inside oat, tlhanoga ; to
turn a person or animal into anothec path, or courae, avKw^^ %
Vck turn away, ot \«3tft ^uooiO^e^ coarse, t\i\iia\oVa\ to txsxxv
^^«^ one's hesbd at i^^c© c^ass^X.^, ioubuU, it\ui\i\A& \
totxxTii.\se
 228 or fold up, as leaves in the son, or crimp np, as a wet
skin in drying, shopana, causative shopanya ; to. tarn aod twist, as a
crooked path, or btick, imeneka ; to torn up spirally, chopha ; to turn
down, or fold down a page, m^na ts^b^. Turn. A turn, or bend, in
the rocks of a gorge, segoro ; a turning, or comer-bend, cokeco ; a
turn, or course, phapaano; a turn, or time, lobaka. Turns. To take
turns, hapaana, rulagana. Tush! Osho! Tusk. An elephant's tusk,
lonaka loa tlou ; a pig's task, lain 6 ya kolob^. Tutor, a. Moruti.
Twain. The twain, bobedi yea boDa ; in twain, or in the middle,
legare, bogare. Twelve. Moco e le mmedi. Twelve sheep, dinka di
shom^ di cwa ka dipedi. Twenty. Mashom^ mabedi. Twice. Gabedi;
sebedi; go le gobedi. Twig, a. Kalana; kalanyana. Twigs on a dry
branch sticking out in all directions, ditlhatlharapa, matlhatlharapa ;
to seek, or gather up twigs, gogoba. Twilight. Looto ; lorotho ;
lorothwana. Twin, a. Lehatla. Twins, mahatla. Twine. iSee String. To
twine, or twist, shoka ; to twine up, or be twisted up spirally, chopha
; to twine or twist round and round, chophM^la. Twinkle. To twinkle
or bat an eye, bonya. Twinkling. The twinkling of an eye, ponyo ea
leitlho. Twist, to, Shoka. To twist, by rubbing" on the thigh, otVha *,
to twist, or break off a ioint, lokolola ; to twist, or be twisted
upwards spirally, chopha ; to be twisted, hunagana ; much twisted,
or very crooked, legweletlha, segweletlha ; to twist, or twine oneself
in and out in climbing, as a creeping plant, ichoph^lela ; to twist or
twine round and round, chophM^Ia. Two. Dipedi ; mabedi, etc. The
two, copedi, coopedi ; two parts, sebedi; two sheep, dinku di le pedi
; the two sheep, dinku tse pedi ; two units, moco o le mmedi ; the
two arms, mabogo ao mabedi ; it is divided in two, e kgaoganye ka
legare, e kgaoganye ka bogare ; the two dimnis, or both dreams,
ditord coopedi. Tying. To unite by tying, hunaganya. Tyrannical, to
be. Dipahala. Tyrant, a. Morotolwe ; modipa. U. Udder, an. Thele.
Ugly. Mme ; mashw^. An ugly person, motho mme. Ulcer, an. Nthd;
tlhagala. Umbrella, an. Sekhuknu. Unable. To be unable, retell wa
ke, pal^lwa; tbey are unable to plough, ba retel^lwa ke go lema ;•
you wUl be unable to destroy it, go tla lo retel^la go se senya.
Unadulterated. Bosapekwa. UnaltbIied. He is unaltered, ga a
chwanologe. Unbecoming. The frock is unbecoming to you, mosese
oa gu rona. Unbelief. Go bisa go dum^la ; tumologo. Unbelieving, to
become. • Daraologa. "C^^tsii, TO. Boholola; hapo 
 229 Unbound. It is anboand, e golots^. Unbukden. Imolola
; belegolola. To onbarden oneself, ipelegolola. Unbutton, to.
Kopolola. Uncsbtain. To be tmcerfcain in one's mind, or doubt,
belaMa ; to be onoextain where to go, or what to do, titatita,
tebateba. Uncibcumcision, state of. Bokgola. Uncle. My father's elder
brother, ramogolo ; thy . . . ramogolwago; his . . . ramogoIwagwe;
my father's younger brother, ran wane; thy . . . ranwanago; his . . .
ranwanagw^; my mother's brotiier, younger, or older, malom^ ; thy .
. . malomaago : his . . . malomaagw^. Unclean. Leshw^ ; mashw^.
To become unclean, itshekologa, leshw^hala; she is unclean,
through menstruation, or childbirth, o medib^la^ Uncleanness.
Itshekologo. Unclimbable. An unclimbable cliff, or wall, sepato.
Unclose. To unclose one's closed hand, huporola ; to unclose the
closed hand of another, huporolola. Unclothed. See Naked. Uncock.
To uncock, or let down & trigger, laolola. Uncobk, to. Tsibolola;
kabolola. Uncover, TO. Bipolola; khurumolola ; shubolola ; to
uncover the head, rola; uncover a thing on which soil had been
placed, tshMola ; to unshade, sirolola ; to expose, sinosa.
Uncovered, to be. Bipologa ; khurumologa; sinoga. Under. Tlhatshe;
kwatlhatshe ga, tlhasse; very far under, botlhatshetlhatshe ; to
stoop, and go under, bnbnm^la,. Underkwatb. See Under,
Understand, to. Tlhaloganya. They do not understand one another,
ga ba utlwane ; to make us understand, go re tlhaloganyetsa ; it is
understood, or heard, goa utlw^ga ; I have understood, ke
tlhalogantse. Understanding. Tlhaloganyo. To come to an
understanding, go owa matlho. Understood. Their words are not
understood, mahoko a bona ga a utlwege. Undo. iSee Unfasten.
Undress. To undress oneself, ikapola; to undress another, apma ; to
be undressed, apoga. Uneven. Bough, magwata ; not straight, or
square, mokea. Unexpectedly.- Ka cboganeco, ka lechocha; to
appear unexpectedly, dimologa; to come upon unexpectedly,
choganetsa. Unfasten. To untie, hunolola ; to unbutton, kopolola ; to
unfasten a bundle, hapolola; to unfasten the rheim of a pack-ox
burden, kgololola j to^unfasten something sticking, uaporola; to
unfasten oneself, as from thorns, inaporola, i&aporolola ; to unfasten
a cow's legs, katlolola, kaolola ; to unfasten, or set free, golola ; it is
unfastened, e golots^. Unfit. They are unfit, ga ba chwanele. Unfold.
Fhutholola ; menolola. Unfruitfulness. Botlhokalounwo. Ungird, to.
Tlamolola. Ungodliness, ^oik^po. Ungodly. To be ungodly, or
separated from God, ikepa. Unhang, to. Pagolola. Unholy. That
which is unholy^ se se sa itsh^pa^. UNINHABlTiiI>. ^Oi «•
Vovva.^, letlotla. •, ximTi^ia^DV^^ Vox\a^^^ matlo a a aa
htlvj^Si. Union, ^opaaib •, \>oVb^^^o .
 280 Unit, a. Moco. Unite. To anite matnally, kopana, kitlana;
to oaose to unite, kopanya, kitlanya; to nnite, as two nations, ikuua;
to unite by tyingr» hunaganya ; to unite in attacking, or attack
unitedly, ^la moshwiyane; they will unite at the top, di tla kopan^la
kwa godimo ; to unite people, go kgadhanya hatha Un ITBD. To be
joined together, lomagana; to agree together, kitlana ; to be
connected at the ends, or united in a continuous line, gokagana ; we
are united to him, re patagancwe oa^. Unity. Bonweh^la. Unjust,
the. Banamolodi. Unkindnkss. Bopelothata. Unlearns D, or
inexperienced, mouana. Unleavened. Sesesabedisiwau. Unless.
Except, ha e se. Unless you see, e tla re ha lo sa bone. Unload, to.
Belegolola; ololola ; laolola. The wagon is unloaded, koloi e
ololocwe. Unlock, to. Kopolola. Unlucky. An unlucky person, sehihi ;
an unlucky occurrence, hotlhodi, Unmakk, to. Bopologa.
Unmanageable, to become. Fala. It is unmanageable, se padile.
Unmarried. An unmarried person, kgope, kgope, lekgareb^,
kgarebe. Unpick, to. Thantholola. Unpleasant, to become. Shwahala.
Unplug. Kabolola; tsibolola. Unplug, so as to let a thing rash out,
tlhobola. Unprofitable, to be. Hordka. It is unprofitable to me, sea
mpboroka; it is unprofitable, gra, se na thnaho,
UNPROFITABLENESS, BotlbokaJounwo, UNqUBNCHABLE PIRE.
Molclo O o sa timefi. U VKAVEL, to. Barabolola ; kgololola;
thantholola. Unraykllbd, to BE. Barabologa ; thanthologa. Unbipk.
Unripe (of jm9 and grass), ^ lor^me; unnpe, but beginning to ripen
(of fruit), bogoto ; nnripe, but nearly ripe (of fmit), bogelegele ; an
unripe fruit, legoto, lekgele; nnripe fruits, magoto, mi&gele.
Unripeness. Bogoto. Unrobl, Ta Menolola. Unseal, to. Kanolola.
Unsearchable, to become, hopholes^ga. Unsheathe, to. Shomola.
Unskilful. Careless in work, boatla. Unskilfulness, or carelessness in
work, boatla. Unstable. He is unstable, o akgaakg^ga. Unsuccessful,
or unskilful, as one who fails in shooting, matihogol^. Unsuitable, to
re. Sona. This work is unsuitable to you, tiho e ea gu rona.
Untamable. Moknka. U NTIDY. To be untidy, or rough, as uncombed
hair, tlhatlhabala. Untie. To untie a knot, hnnolola; to untie many
knots, thantholola ; to untie a difficult knot, lepolola; to untie an
animal's legs, katlolola, kaolola; untie, or unbind, bonolola ; to
become untied, hnnologa; to become untied (of an animal's legs),
kaologa. Until. In the x>a8t, ga tsamaea ; in the future, go tsamaea,
go tla go tsamaea ; until I came, ka tsamaea ka tla; until he come, a
tla t»amaea a tIE^ go tl& go tsamaea a tla, go tlo go tesuTtveJ^ «k
V)ii3b% "^xiXai tlqw, nako
 231 tsama^ ke go bolMM^; nntil the harvest, go ea
thobon. Unto. Unto aalTaiion, go tla lo bona poloko. Untbainbd, TO
BECOME. Katologa. It is still untrained, ga e e se e kate ; nntra.ined
oxen jnst inspannedi makgatisho. UVTRUTHFUL, TO BECOME.
Lotsahala. Umtutobed PEOPLE. Batho ba magwata. Untwist, or
unwind. Ghopholola. Unveil, to. Sirolola ; bipolola. Unwashed.
Unwashed hands, diatla tse di sa tlhapisiwafi. Unwilling. To be
unwilling, or loth to do anything, itsemeletsa. Unwillingness.
Boitsemeleco. Unwrap, to. Hapolola. Up. Gret up, and go, nanoga, u
tsama^ ; I saw him early in the morning, and up to now, ke sale ke
coga, ke ntse ke mmona. Upbraid, to. Kgoba ; gobolola. To soold,
kgalem^la. Upon. Ha; mo. Upon the table ; ha lomatin ; upon him,
ha go ^na, mo go ^ua; upon the altar, mo godimo ga aletara.
Uppish, to be. Pele^ga. Upright, to be. Thokgama. It is upright, se
thokgame; to cause to be upright, thokamisa ; to stand upright,
tsepalala, tsetalala, topalala, lopalala ; to be bolt upright, or
perpendicular, tisimalaJa, tlhamsdala; to stand, or stick upright, as a
spear iu the ground, tsepama. Uprightness. Thokg^mo. Uproar, an.
Tlhapeo; phudu^go. To set in an uproar, heretlha. Upset, to.
Kgophola. To be upset, kgopholwa. XJPBBOOT. Ad njxiboob from last
year^ com root, iecwabada; an upshoot from last year's scattered
grain, leiyadi. Upside. To turn a thing upside down, phecola; to tarn
a pot upside down, rib^ga ; to hold a thing upside down, as a book,
hulatsha. Upstart, an. Modipa. Upwards. Godimo; kwa godimo. Urge,
to. £SmM^la. To incite, tlhotlheletsa, shoshueletsa ; to urge on, in
working, gobagobetsa; to urge on slowly, as tired oxen, pepetletsa,
papetletsa ; to urge a person to do his duty, kgorokgotsa. Urgent, to
be. Tlhoabala. To be in eager haste, potlaka. Urine. Motlhapo. Urine
of cattle, moroto. Us. B,ona ; chona. Use. To use, or make use of,
shw^la molemd ; to use beyond a specified time without owner's
permission, hakuha; to be of no use, or profit, horoka ; it is of no
use to me, ea mphoroka, ga e na thusho ep^ mo go una, ga e
nthuse ka sep^. Used. See Accustomed. It used to be that people
were killed, go no go tlo go bolawe ; I used to be a person, nkile ke
ne ke le motho ; I used to buy, ke le ke tie ke reke ; I used not to
buy, ke le ke se ke ke reke. Useful. To become useful, shwel^ga
molemo. Useless. Useless, or weak (of wood, etc.), mophutlu ;
useless, or not repairable, matlhaga ; to become useless, or worn
out, ther^pana ; it is useless, se therepanye ; a useless, or wornout
thing, th^r^pe ; a useless, or foolish person, setho ; to treat as if
useless, or despi^^^ kgobotla. Usual. 1 am \>\x.yai% ^^
^^s^^a\, ke ntaeke x^'ka. ^«bVa. ^aiXa^Ves^. bo ke T^ka -, 1
amTlO^^^^^^^^ ^' usual, kea bo Ve ^a. xeVe.
 232 Usually. They are usually built, di tie di ag«ve; they are
usually seen, di tie di bonwe. Utensils. Washing utensils, dilo tse di
tlhap^^; eating utensils, dilo tse di y^lan ; drinking utensils, dilo tse
di nw^lan. Uttermost. To save to the uttermost, bolok^la rure.
Uvula, a. Lolenwane. V. Vaccinate, to. Tlhaba; enta (hybrid).
Vaccination. A mark left by vaccination, se^l^. Vaccine lymph.
Boladu. Vagabond, a. Molotsana; mokgarakgatsegi. To lead a
wandering, vagabond life, kwidia. Vaguely. To hear vaguely, utlwa
mathaithai. Vail. See Veil. Vain. In vain, lehMa ; to speak in vain,
bu^lii leh^la; it is in vain to do thus, ke leh^la go diba yalo; to make
oneself vain, ithamaka ; a vain person, motho oa boithamako ; he is
vain, or proud, o pelompe. Valiant. To become valiant, gankahala,
gank^ga. Valley. An opening between two hills, kgoro, phata ; a
kloof without an outlet, mogogoro. Valour. Boganka. Valuable, to be.
Rat^ga. Value. To be of more value than, sita, gaisa. Vanish, TO.
H^la;nyMfela. To cause to vanish, het^a, nyeletsa ; to vanish from
sight, as a far distant object, dim^lMa, ny^lela. Vanity. Boithamako.
Vai^quise, TO. Henya. Vapour. Lotoho, Variance, To be at variance,
enmlalana, ^m^Ialana; to be at variance with, ^malalana le. Vary.
To vary in height, or length, hetahetana ; to vary in an account,
akgana. Vaunt. To vaunt oneself, ikgantsha. Vaunting, a.
Boikganoho. Veal. Nama ea namane. Ve hementlt. . Ka kgakalo. Veil,
A. Setshiro; sebipo. To veil, sira, bipa. VeiNj a. Losika. Veins,
ditshika. Vbldschobn. Dikgob^. Veldt. Naga; senaga; gareganaga.
He slept in the veldt, o la a tsamaea bogoba. Vengeance.
Fusholosho. To take vengeance upon, busholola; I will have
vengeance upon you, ke tla gu busholola, ke tla ipusholosetsa mo go
w^na. Venison. Nama ea dipholohold. Venture. To venture in
ignorance, phaphauletsa' ; at a venture, or not knowing, ka
pbaphaulecd ; he venturea into danger, though warned, a ea h^la, a
itsiba dits^b^ ; ^ to venture on a risky enterprise, phoumMa; I
venture to say, ke phaphauletsa ke go re, nna nkare. Venturesome.
A venturesome or rash person, moipolai eo o sa lelelwen. Verandah.
A verandah round a native hut, mokatako maiib^la. Int. ; the roof of
a verandah, mathudi, Int. ; eaves of a verandah roof, masenamMo.
Verify, to. Tlhdmamisa. Verily. Amarure; kammanete; nay verily, le
bogologolo. Verse, a. Temana. Very. Very much, bobe; my very
heart, pelo ea me tota; the very image, seohwancho
 233 dilwana ; anything that receives, sechol5 ; a small -
mouthed vessel, kurwana; a large earthen vessel, moropa; a
drinking vessel, senwelo, ^ se se nw^lan ; a vessel for eating from,
se se y^lan ; a vessel for keeping beer in, phaha; a water vessel,
nkgo. Vex, to. Bumola; kgopisa; kgekgeisa; shna; kgopa. To be
vexed, betwa ke pelo; to vex, or grieve a person by losing something
belonging to him, rantsha. Vexing. A vexing person, boramolafi.
ViBEATE. To vibrate, as water after beating against a rock,
kgaphas^la ; to vibrate, as the wings of a hawk abont to dart, or
tibie legs of a man in dancing, phaphasela. ViCTTOR, A. Mohenyi.
VicroET. Phenyo. View. To come into view, thnnya. Vigilant, to be.
Tlhaga. Village, a. Motsana. An ontlying village, motee oa dintlhana.
Villain, a. Molotsana. Vindicate, to. Siamisa. To vindicate oneself,
itehiamisa ; to attempt te vindicate oneself by lies, itlhacwa. Vine, a.
Mofine (hybrid). ViPEE, A. Sheusneoane ; shaushanane. Virgin. An
nnmarried person, kgareb^, kgope, lekgareb^. Vi&us. Boladu.
Viscera. The viscera of a slaughtered animal, diretlo. Visible, to be.
Bonala. To make visible, bonatsa, bonteha ; to become visible,
bonats^ga; to make oneself visible, iponatsa ; to become visible, or
come into view, thnnjs ; to become Yiable, as a person appearing
over a rise, kwetoga. Vision, a. Sebono ; sebonwa ;' ponald; ponaco.
Visit, to. Lekola ; lata ; tlhola. To call npon, yanala, yelanala ; to visit
unexpectedly, atl^Ia ; to be visited unexpectedly, atlMwa ; he was
visited by, o la a gorogMwa ke ; he visited me, o la a nk^tMa ; Tau
and they visit each other, ba yelanala le Tan ; I have visited him, ke
mo yetsenala ; to visit a country, tlhola ; to cease to visit as
formerly, ikutla; a visit, tekolo. Visitation, a. Tekolo. Vixen. A vixen,
or scold, mo6mani. Vlet. a lake, letsha ; a rain pool, mogobe; a
shallow rain pool, lopapa. Voice, a. £odu. The sound of a voice,
lencwe ; a great voice, lencwe ye le godileu ; a murmur of voices,
boroboro. Volatile, he is. O akgaakgega. Volunteer. A hired volunteer,
leshwebel^ga. Vomit. Matlhatsa. To vomit, tlhatsa ; to feel as if
about to vomit, heroga sebete ; to retch, or strain when vomiting,
goldl^ga ; to seem about to vomit, as a dog, behoga. Vow. See
Oath, and Swear. Vryburg. Native name of, Hohodi. Vulture. See
Eagle. Waddle, to. Nanka. Wag. To wag a tail, ota ; it wags its tail,
ea ota mogatla, ea ikota ka mogatla; to wag the head,thukhutha
tlhogo ; to wag a bent finger up Obwd. ^Ok^^ in den^on, oVflyote
TttOTiM?wQa.. Wager, a. P^^Aaaab. To ^a.l ^ wager, b^^lana.
Wages. Ttiblb •, tmAwo \ xaaxarttft
 234 (hybrid). Wages for garden work, thaho. Wagon, ▲.
Koloi. Wagons, dikoloi ; many wagons, makoloi ; to load a wagon,
ol^la ; to unload a wagon, belegolola, laolola. Wagtail, a.
Mokgoronyane. Wail. The death wail of an animal, pokolMo.
Waistcoat, a. Onder haoe (hybrid). Waisted. a thin-waisted person,
moth^o^ki. Wait. T>) wait, or have patience, baea pelo; to wait for,
leta, nnela; 1 will wait for them there, ke tla ba nn^la gona ; to
wait, or pause, iketla ; to wait upon a sick i>er8on, 5ka ; to wait
upon oneself in sickness, ikoka ; wait a bit ! etlepe ! etloku ! itle&we
! to lie in wait for, lal^la; he waited awhile, o la a hetisa lobaka.
Wake. See Awake. Wakeful. To be wakeful, khidi^ji^, tlhoba^la; to
make wakeful, khidia, tlhobaetsa. Waken. See Awaken. Walk. A
walk, or walking, bosepelo, mosepele; to walk, sepela ; to walk, or
go away, tsamaea; to walk proudly, gwanta ; to walk gracefully, or
proudly, lota; to walk softly, as with sore feet, kdkoba, babea; to
walk stealthily, babea; to walk slowly and with difficulty, aila; to walk
with turned-out toes, baila ; to walk with lordly tread, as a lion,
kokoroga, nobota; to walk about visiting, yanala ; to walk as a very
weak or tired person, otoba, gogoba ; to walk slowly, as a stout
person, gokgola ; to walk about a little after illness, rarana, leana ;
to walk as a bJind nma, paputla; to walk round, or ctjmpass,
potologa*, to walk with a swaying gait, as if about to fall, r^rik^la;
to walk slowly, or totteringly, as an old man, totoba; to walk slowly,
nodding the head, onya; to walk slowly, with legs stretched far
a^Murt, hanka ; to walk quickly, gab^la, kgopoga ; to walk fast, or
pick up the feet, tlhoroola dinao ; to walk witk bended back, as from
age or weakness, gorogala; to wslk with a waddling gait, fiauka; to
walk in angle iile, bop^l^la ; to walk a little, as a child just learning,
abula, mamaisa; to walk feebly, as a young child, or animal,
matlamatla. Walk.ce. He is a qniek walker, o sekg^pho. Walking-
stick, ▲. Tsamma. Wall. A wall of a house, mine, etc., lom5ta, pi.
dirndl; lobota, pi. dipota ; the wall of a krali, etc., lorako, pi. ditbakd
; a little wall, loraotana, lokdcwana; an unclimbable wall, sepato ; an
opening, or hole in a wall, lecoha; a wall-plate, phako; a pole, stick,
or reed used in making a wall, kgotlwane. Wallet. See Bag. Wallow,
to. Bidikama. Wander, TO. Tim^la. Toeause to wander, timet»a ; to
wander hither and thither, kwidia, kgarakgatsh^ga, pholea,
pholetha; to wander about in search of food, robarob^ga ; he has
wandered, o ile sehoha; my ox has wandered, l^^omo ea me e
timetse, ke timecwe ke kgomo ea me ; where they have wandered,
kwa ba timdetsefi gona; to allow cattle to wander, bidil^ga ; to
wander aboat hopelessly, or be unable to find a path, l^ula ; to
wander from the faith, go timMwa ke tomMo ; to viasi^«t «3(^Q\)1
the country.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.46%
accurate

285 Wandbbkb, a. MoHmedi. A wandeiioff animal, letdmMa,

Wph nuitiiDela. ANDBUN6,A, TimMo. Wandering aheep, dinka tsa
maWAirr. Need, botlhoko, botlhokwa; poverty, lohnma, lehmna; to
need^ tlhoka ; to like, rata ; to denre, eletsa; to seek, batia ; I want
you to do thus, kea rtAtk gore lo dih^ yalo ; to want to nave, or to
get at, meletsa mathe. WANTixa. Some tilings are wanting, dilo tse
difiwe dia tlhokaibda. War. Tlhabaoo; ntwa; dira. To war, tlhabana,
Iwa; by war, kadira; they have a ciTUwar, ba tlhabana ntwa ea legae
; to war against, or with, tlhabantaha. Ward. To ward off blows,
hema; to ward off something by lifted hands, eha. Wabfakb. Ntwa.
Wabinbss. TaksM^ko; botlhago. Wabm. To become warm (of watw),
ete., omega; to warm np cooked food, etc., galcoloea, omosa i the
water is warm, metse a omogilej to warm oneself, ikomosa; to warm
oneself at a fire, ora, ikgotetsa ; they warm tibemselTes with these
woods, ba ora dikgo& tee ; to be warm, or lukewarm, thuthahala; to
make warm, thuthahatsa; to become warmed, thnthahala ; very
warm, bothitho; lukewarm, bothutho, motlha; to become warmed
after being very cold, sitologa ; to sit or lie, so as to warm oneself by
a fire, tiiokam^la. Wabmth. Bothitho ; mogote. Warn, to. Tlhagisa ;
to warn against, tlhagisakaga; to warn, or torn the eonne of by
wamiogr, mmSgB; be ventured after beinir warned, a ea a itsiba
dits^b^ Warnbd, to bbcome. Tlhag^ga ; he has been warned by, o
tlhagisicwe ke. Warning. To give warning, tlhagisa. Warped. To
become crooked, kgopama, shokama ; to become shrivelled up,
boduma. Warren. A ground squirrel's warren, matsatsa. Wart, a.
Khoto ; tlhoko. Wart, to be. Ts^ts^l^ka ; tlhaga. He is wary, o
tlhaga, o mats^ts^l^kw^, o mats^ts^l^ko. Was. I was there, ke le
ke le gona ; he was with bim, o la a nna na^ ; he was not with him ,
o la a se nna na^, o la a se ka a nna na^, ga a ka a nna na^ ; it
was a hard work, e le e le tib5 e e thata ; it was built, e le e agwa, o
lo o agwa ; his food was meat, diyo tsa gagw^ e le e le nama ; he
was a believer, e tie e le modumedi; it was not hard, go le go se
tbata ; the river was full, noka e ne e tletse; he who was greater
than the king, eo o la a le bogolo go kgosi ; the time was near,
motlha oa bo a le gauhe ; it was standing, ea bo e eme ; how was
he ? o la a ntse yan ? there was a man, go kile go le monona ; it
was said, ga na ga tuwa; it was not right, e le e se tshiamo ; I was
with you, ke ntse ka na le lona ; he was angry, a bo a le bogale, o la
a le bogale ; its fall was great, go wa ga eona ga na gogolo. (The
above are only some of the ways in which was is ext)re88ed.) Wash.
To wash a thing, tlbacwa; I have washed thera^ k^ di tlhacw\t«Q *,
\\ve^ yi'^ ^i'i washed, d\ V\a. VXWiWv«sv.% N^
 236 to wash or smear hands and face with milk, iphorola ;
to washout one's month, icnkula, icakunya ; to rub clothes when
washing, shogotlha; to wash the hands, tlbapa diatla ; to wash
sores, tlhacwa dintho ; to wash, or rinse out a vessel, cokotsa; to
wash, or take away, as a flood, kgophola ; to wash corn, etc., with
the hand for cooking, okMa; to wash one's face, itlhapa sehatlhogo,
itlhapa mo sehauhogou. Washing, a. Tlhaco; tlhapo. A thing or place
for washing in, setlhacweoho. Wasp, a. Momthwane. Waste, to.
Saha. To destroy, senya; to waste or destroy another person's
things, lolora ; waste, tsenyo. Waste away, to. Ota. Wasteful. A
wasteful person, lesaha ; he is wasteful, o sehahalele. Wastefulness.
Bohahalele. Waster, a. Sehahalele. Watch, A. Orolosi (hybrid). A
watch, or watching, teb^lo, tisho, teto ; to watch, leta ; to look for,
lebMMa ; to take care of, disa ; to observe carefully, lepa; to be on
the watch at night, itlwaea ; to watch com, leta ; to watch, or keep
guard upon, lalMa. Watcher, a. Molebedi. An observer, molepi ; a
garden watcher, moleti ; a corn watcher's platform, serala. Watchful.
See Wary. Watchfulness. iSee Wariness. Water. Metse. All the water,
metse aotlhe ; this water, metse a, metse wa ; in the water, mo
metsin ; to draw water, ga ; to draw water for, gMaj to draw water
into for, gM^la ; a thing for drawing water, seg^Jeld; a litUe water,
metsaxia; to dabble in water, pliacliak^nya ; to knock water about
with hands or feet, phachakganya, cubua, phachanva ; to flow, as
water, 51a, MMa; to break out, as water, thoba; to stop water from
running out, kaba ; to pass water, tlhapa ; to pass water (of children
and animals), rota. Used as a curse. To pass through water on foot,
gobua ; to dry up, as water, cna ; the water has dried up, metse a
chel5 ; to put a thing into water, ina; to take a thing out of water,
inola ; to provide water for a long distance, or take it far, paka;
muddy water, metse a lokgobe ; bad-tasted water, metse a mothug5
; clear, pure water, metse a a itshekilen ; to water an animal, or
garden, nosa;^ to water a garden by pouring, kgaphMa; very muddy
water, metse a lecopetla; to draw water by degrees from a weak
spring, chwapetsa ; to become warm, as virater, omoga ; to become
hot, as water, lelahala; lukewarm (of water), motlha. Watebbrash.
Leshokol^Ia. Watebcoubse, a. Foro (hvbrid). Watebfall, a.
Lephothophotho. To make a noise, as water over a fall, phdthoa^la.
Watebhen, a. Egogonoka. Watebless. a waterless country, lehatshe
ya sekaka, lebatshe ya lokg^r^. Wateb moss. Bo1M5. Wateb
pitcheb, a. Nkgo; a small water piteher, nkgwana. Water pox.
Thntlwa. Wateby. Watery (of food), bokapukapu ; watery (of day) ,
lor^pe ; watorv (of oooked pumpkin), t^pe; watery (of eyes),
makg^me. Wave, a. Nt51d| lekhubn ya metse ; waves, dmt^lo,
ma^uW\ to "STOi'^ft to and fro, or
 237 or flourish, a spear, etc., over one's head, fiatetsa,
kgana. Wavbr. To waver, or totter, reketla. Wax. Wax in the ear,
ditlhoka ; beeswax, masiti. Wat. a path, tsela; a habit, mokgwa ; a
little way, or short distance, lobakanyana ; a very little way,
lobakanyana; to stand oat of the way, thibo^a ; to go away, emoga ;
to go out of the way, kgetla $ he went out of his way, o la a mo
kgetla kaha thokd; to be unable to find the way, kaila ; I have lost
the way, ketimecwe ke tsela, ke kal^lwa ke lehatshe ; move oat of
his way, mo thibog^l^. Waylay, to. Lal^la. We. Be; he. Weak.
Bokoa; bokoa; sekoa. A weak one, sekoa, mbtloho, motloshwana ;
weak, or easily broken (of a reed, etc.), motloho ; a weak, or useless
thing, mophutlu; very weak, as people through illness, or cattle
through hunger, ph^pha; he is always weak and aUiog, o dibobo, pi.
ba dibobo ; to become weak, nonohologa, thatahologa, koabala,
tloohala ; to be very weak, go ph^pha marapo. Weaken, to.
Koahatsa. Weakness. Bokoa; bokoa. Weal, a. < Mobipo ; mopopotlo.
Weals, mebipo, mepopotlo. Wealth. Lohumo ; mahamo. Much
wealth, khamo. Wean. To wean a child, kguisa ; to wean, as a cow
her calf, husa; it will wean its calf, e tla husetsa namane ; to
separate a calf from the cow, lomolola. Weapon, a. Sebolao ;
tlhom^lo. A weapon of defence, sehemo. Wear. To put on clothes,
aptuuf to be worse for wear. gober^ga ; to wear out, or become old,
5nala. Wearied. To be wearied out, or overdriven, kgotlhakgotlha ;
to be wearied in spirit, go ya manya; to be wearied, or bothered,
tlhodi^ga. Weariness. Tapisho; letsapa. Weary. To become weary,
lapa ; I am weary, ke lapile ; to make weary, lapisa ; to be
thoroughly weary, or prostrate, nodi^ga, phu^ga ; to weary iu spirit,
yesa manya ; tsemelela. Weather. It is fair weather, or it has cleared
up, go sel^ ; it will be bad weather, a tla tlhola a thibile. Weave, to.
Loga; rara,. To weave wire on a stick, kobela. Web. a spider's web,
bobi ; pi. mabi. Wed. 806 Marry. Wedding. See Marriage. Wedge. To
wedge in, as a pole, setl^la. Wedged. To become wedged in, or fast,
in a narrow opening, thama. Wednesday. Loa boraro ; Wunsdag
(hybrid). Weed, a. Mohero. To weed, tlhagola ; to weed in a Blovenly
manner, kuta ; weeds, or long grass, hindering growth, nwaii.
Weeded, to become. Tlhagol^ga. Weeds. Mehero. To rake gether
weeds, kokola ; gather up weeds, gola. Week, a. Weke (hybrid).
Weep. See Cry. Weeping. Selelo. Weevil. Cliupa. Weigh. Lekanya.
Weight. Bokete , weight, lekete. Weighty. Boima.*, boVft^ce^. Weir,
a. 'M.oT«k.^\ib. WELCOiiEl GoTO^Jto Va. ^xjXa.^ Well, a..
M.oVo\e\ *e^\^'iv.. toto boima. A
The text on this page is estimated to be only 29.83%
accurate

238 do well, dtba senile ; I am well, ke ntse senile ; it is

well, go siame, e yahile ; he spoke well, a yahile a boa: to do
anything very well, lalola; to make well, or care, hodisa; yoa have
done well in coming, u yahile a tie; it is well that the people have
come, e yahile batlo ba tla. Well-disposed. Bosisi. Wen, a. Bjshwa.
Went. See Go. I went, ke le Were. They were there, ba le ba le
gona, ba ne ba le gona, ba bo ba le gona; they were judges, ba bo
ba le basiamisi ; if the land were his, ha lehatshe e ka bo e le ytk
g&gwh; were it not so, e ka. bo e se yalo; they were not taught, ga
ba ka b^ ratwa; those who were in the hoase, ba ba le ba le mo
tlim; those who were gathered together, ba ba le ba phathegetse; if
we were to ^iter, re ka bo re ts^na ; they were 12, di ka ne di le 12
; they were together, bo ba le mmogo ; if it were not it, e ka bo e se
eona. West, the. Bophirimatsatsi ; bophirimo yoa letsatsi, kwa godim
o, Int, Wet. To become wet, koloba ; to make wet, kolobetsa ; to
wet through, as rain, tlopotla; to wet anything that is dry, or dusty,
nona; dripping wet, or muddy, maragaraga, see Saturate ; to be
wet, or watery (of cooked pumpkin), t^p^ ; (of clay, etc.), lor^p^ ;
to be wet, as a skin, nola. Wetness. Lonola; bokgola. Whale, a.
Leraama. What? Efi? What is this? en se? what do vou sayP na ren?
u raea&P what are you doing F n dihan? uadihaeE? what do I BtiU
iaok? ke aa tlhokafi ? what you my is, etc., mo u go boafi, etc. ;
what-doyou-call-it, sennanne, sel^b^l^b^, nnetla, nnetlane ; what
is that to you ? e be e le en go w^na ? Whatsoever. Whatsoever you
do, senwe le se&we se n se dihan ; whatsoever is more than this,
mo go betisan mo. Wheal. See Weal. Wheat. Mab^l^ a sekgoa. An
ear of wheat, seako sa mabM^ a sekgoa. Wheel, a. Lekoto. Wheels
maoto. Whelp, a. Neanyana. When. When? le& ? At the time when,
mogan, etlare, e tla re ha, eare, erile; when you arrive, e tla re u
goroga, e re u goroga: when I was a child, ke rile ke le nwana ;
when yon have seen, u tla re a sena go bona; when he came out,
erile a cwa, o rile a cwa ; when they shall give, etc., e tla re mbgan
ba naean, etc. ; when we shall see htm, e re mogan re mmonan;
when we came out, ra re re cwa, e re re cwa ; when it shall be, e tie
e re; when I come, e tie e re ke tla ; when he saw it, I was there, e
rile a se bona, ka bo ke le gona ; when they are asked for it, they
deny it, eare ba e 15piwa, ba e latole. (The above are only a few of
the many ways in which when can be expressed.) Whenever. E tie re
mogafi. Where. Kwa. Where? kae? Where is he gone ? o ile kae ? I
know where he comes from, kea itse kwa o cwafi gona; where there
are no people, kwa batho ba seoii gona ; where we do not know,
kwa re aa go itse& ; where there was a synagQ|^
The text on this page is estimated to be only 28.36%
accurate

239 were at that time, kwa ba bo ba le gona ka lobiaka

loud | it ends where it endt> e khatla kwa e khutlan gona ; he spoke
about where he should find him, o la a bna kaga go o tla mmonafi
gona; there is no donbt aboat where he did thns, ga go na pela^lo
kaga gold kwa o la a diha yalo gona, ga go na i>ela^ld kaga helo ha
o la a diha yalo gona^ where they live, mo ba agan gona. Whb&eas.
Le mororo. Wheebbt. Mo e leu gona. WHERBroBB. Ke gona.
Whbbeveb. Kwa ie kwa. WhereTor we go, kwa le kwa re ean gona.
Whet. To whet, or sharpen, lootsa; to whet the appetite by eating a
little, ntaea mathe. Whkthbe. E ka re kgotsa. Whether I come, or be
absent, e tie e re leha Yol tU kgotsa ke seed; they doubted whether
he were a helper, ba le ba bela^la e se be kgotsa e le mothosi ;
whether ye are obedient, bo lo na le kutlwo. Whststo^cb, a. Tooco.
Whet. Tlhda. Which. Which? He, affixed to the narticlea. Which
horse ? E'tse ehe ? the horse which I yre bought, pitse e ke e
rekilefi; he deyised plans by whion, o la a loga maano a go re ; the
people which heard, batho ba ba lefi ba utlwa; which were found,
tee di kilen tsa bonwa. While. A while, lobaka; a little while,
kj^ntele, Kgantey^, lobakanyaoa lo sena go h^» ; a little while ago,
maloba, kgantele; a litUe while after, kgantele, moragwanyaoa; while
you are still here, lia, lo sale Iaiio; while he still makB, ka a « boa ;
after . a Utide wbUe, e rile kgantele but all the while, ntekwane,
ntekone, ntekane. Whip, a. Seme (hybrid). To crack a whip, thantsha
; to crack, as a whip, thanya. Whirlwind, a. Sebeho ; secuacue.
Whisker, ▲. Tedu; legwagwa. Whisper. To whisper to, sebetsa,
hohonyetsa ; to be whispered, sebediwa; to whisx)er to each other,
sebetsanya ; to whi8i>er evil, or backbite, seba, s^ba. Whistle, to.
Letsa molodi ; cwirinya molodi. I called them with a whistle, or
whistled for them, ke le ka ba gw^tlha ka molodi. White. Cheu;
sheu; gosheu. A white ox, kgomo e cheu ; a white cow, kgomo e
cboana ; a white person, motho eo mo sheu, lekhoa, lekgoa ;
pertaining to white people, sa sekhoa, sa sekgoa ; to make white,
sheuhatsa ; to paint white, taka, tshasa, ka taka ; a whitened house,
ntlo e e takilwen; white entirely, and without spot, mocwacwa ; tbe
white of an egg, khwaan ea lee, khwaan ea letsae. Whiteness.
Bosheu. Whitening. Taka. Whitewash, TO. Taka; takisa. Clay for
making whitewash, taka ; to try and whitewash oneself by lies,
itlbacwa. Whither. See Where. Whithersoever. Gonwe le gonwe.
Whittle. To whittle a stick, tlokotla. Who? Btnafi? man?^ Who are
you ? w^na u man ? who are ye ? lona lo bo man ? who is he who
has coniQ? ^Ck <5 tdlen ema&.? yi© ^o tvo\, Vxvc»^ who \)egau,
ga t© \\iafe ^o o'J^ ^ simolola, g& to Vtefe © \>o\siSi»L>o».
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebookluna.com