CHAP 3: Chemical reactions and equations

Q.1. Choose the correct option from the bracket and explain the statement giving reason.

(Oxidation, displacement, electrolysis, reduction, zinc, copper, double displacement,

decomposition)

a.To prevent rusting, a layer of zinc metal is applied on iron sheets.

Zinc is more reactive than iron. Hence, when a layer of zinc is applied on iron sheets, it will
undergo corrosion instead of iron. Thus zinc prevents rusting (corrosion) of iron.

b.The conversion of ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate is oxidation reaction.

The net ionic reaction for the conversion of ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate is :

Fe2+ -> Fe3+

Here the positive charge on Fe increases from +2 to +3. Therefore it is an oxidation reaction.

c. When electric current is passed through acidulated water electrolysis of water takes place.

Water decomposes into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas when electric current is passed through
acidulated water. Since decomposition of water takes place by means of electrical energy, it is
called electrolysis.

d. Addition of an aqueous solution of ZnSO4 to an aqueous solution of BaCl2 is an example of

double displacement reaction.

The reactions in which the ions in the reactants are exchanged to form a precipitate are called
double displacement reactions. When an aqueous solution of ZnSO4 is added to an aqueous
solution of BaCl2, ZnCl2 and white precipitate of BaSO4 are formed.

ZnSO4 (aq) + BaCl2(aq) -> BaSO4 + ZnCl2(aq)

In this reaction, BaSO4 is formed by an exchange of barium and sulphate ions present in the
reactants. Hence, this reaction is an example of double displacement reaction.
Q.2. Write answers to the following:

a. What is the reaction called when oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously?
Explain with one example.

Ans: i.The reaction in which oxidation and reduction takes place simultaneously is called a
redox reaction.

ii. Example: CuO + H2  Cu + H2O

In this reaction, CuO loses oxygen to form Cu. This means that reduction of CuO takes place. H2
molecule takes up oxygen to form H2O. This means oxidation of H2 takes place. Both the
oxidation and reduction reactions always occur simultaneously.

b. How can rate of the chemical of the chemical reaction, namely, decomposition of hydrogen
peroxide be increased?

Ans: i. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen takes place
slowly at the room temperature.

ii. However, hydrogen peroxide decomposes rapidly in the presence of manganese dioxide
(MnO2) powder, which acts as a catalyst.

iii. Thus by adding manganese dioxide (MnO2) powder, the rate of chemical reaction can be
increased.

c. Explain the terms reactant and product giving examples.

Ans: i.The substances taking part in chemical reaction are called reactants.

ii. The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction by formation of new bonds are
called products.

iii. Examples:

a. Formation of Carbon Dioxide gas by combustion of coal in air is a chemical reaction.

In this reaction, coal (carbon) and oxygen (from air) are the reactants while carbon
dioxide is the product.
b. Decomposition of calcium carbonate by heating to form calcium oxide and carbon
dioxide is a chemical reaction. In this reaction, Calcium carbonate is the reactant
while calcium oxide and carbon dioxide are the products.

d. Explain the types of reaction with reference to oxygen and hydrogen. Illustrate with
examples.
Ans: i. The types of reaction with reference to oxygen and hydrogen are oxidation and
reduction reactions.

ii. The chemical reaction in which a reactant combines with oxygen or loses hydrogen to form
the product is called oxidation reaction.

iii. Example:

a. 2Mg + O2 -> 2MgO

Mg combines with oxygen to form MgO. Here, Mg undergoes oxidation.
b. MgH2 + O2 -> Mg + H2
MgH2 loses hydrogen to form Mg. Here, MgH2 undergoes oxidation.

iv. The chemical reaction in which a reactant gains hydrogen or loses oxygen to form the
product is called reduction reaction.

v. Example:

a. C + 2H2 -> CH4

C gains hydrogen to form CH4. Here, C undergoes reduction.
b. 2Ag2O -> 4Ag + O2
Ag20 loses oxygen to form Ag. Here Ag20 undergoes reduction.

e. Explain the similarity and difference in two events, namely adding NaOH to water and CaO
to water.

Ans:

Adding NaOH to water Adding CaO to water

Similarity Heat is given away during this Heat is given during this
process. So, it is an reaction. So, it is an
exothermic process exothermic process
Difference No new substances are New substance (calcium
formed as the process hydroxide) is formed which is
involves only dissolution. The less soluble and its aqueous
aqueous solution of NaOH is solution is weak base.
strong base.
Q.3. Explain the following terms:

c. Balanced equation.

Ans: A chemical equation in which the number of atoms of the elements in the reactants is
same as the number of atoms of those elements in the products is called a balanced chemical
equation.

Example: 2NaOH + H2SO4 -> Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Q.4. Give Reasons:

a. When the gas formed on heating limestone is passed through freshly prepared lime water,
the lime water turns milky

Ans : i. When limestone is heated, calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas are formed.

CaCO3(s) + Heat -> CaO(s) + CO2 ^

ii. When carbon dioxide gas is passed through freshly prepared lime water, the solution turns
milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate, which is insoluble in water.

Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) -> CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

b. It takes time for pieces of Shahabad tile to disappear in HCl, but its powder disappears

Ans : i. The rate of a chemical depends upon depends upon the size of the reactant particles
taking part in the reaction.

ii. Smaller the size of the reactant particles, higher is the rate of reaction.

iii. The size of the reactant particles is more in pieces of Shahabad tile as compared to powder
of Shahabad tile.

iv. When HCl is added to pieces of Shahabad tile, the CO2 effervescence is formed slowly.
However when HCl is added to Shahabad powder, the CO2 effervescence is formed at a faster
rate.

v. Hence, it takes time for pieces of Shahabad tile to disappear in HCl, but its powder disappears
c. While preparing dilute sulphuric acid from concentrated sulphuric acid in the laboratory
the concentrated sulphuric acid is added slowly to water with constant stirring.

Ans : i. In the process of dilution of concentrated sulphuric acid with water very large amount of
heat is liberated. This process is highly exothermic.

ii. As a result, if water is added to concentrated sulphuric acid, then water gets evaporated
instantaneously. The mixture may splash out causing an accident.

iii. In order to prevent this, the required amount of water is taken in a glass container and small
quantity of concentrated sulphuric acid at a time is added with constant stirring. So, only a
small amount of heat is liberated at a time.

iv. Hence, while preparing dilute sulphuric acid from concentrated sulphuric acid in the
laboratory the concentrated sulphuric acid is added slowly to water with constant stirring.

d. It is recommended to use air tight container for storing oil for long time.

Ans : i. When edible oil is left aside for a long time, it undergoes air oxidation.

ii. Due to this, the taste and smell of oil changes and it becomes rancid. If food is cooked in this
oil, its taste also changes.

iii. Thus the oil will become unfit for consumption.

iv. The process of oxidation reaction of oil can be slowed down by storing it in a tight container.

v. Hence, it is recommended to use air tight container for storing oil for long time.

Q.5. Observe the following picture and write down the chemical reaction with explanation.
(Diagram given on Page 45)

Ans : i. The given picture represents the electrochemical reaction taking place during the
corrosion (rusting) of iron.

ii. Different regions on the surface of iron become anode and cathode.

iii. In the anode region, Fe is oxidized to Fe2+.

iv. The electron released in the anode region flow through the metal surface to the cathode
region where they reduce oxygen. In the cathode region, O2 is reduced to form water.

O2 + 4H+ (aq) + 4e- -> 2H2O(l)

v. When Fe2+ ions migrate from the anode region, they react with water (or OH- ions) and
further get oxidized to Fe3+ ions.

vi. Fe3+ ions from an insoluble hydrated oxide (Fe2O3.H2O) which is deposited as reddish brown
layer on the surface. It is called rust.

2 Fe3+ (aq) + 4H20 -> Fe2O3.H2O (s) + 6H+ (aq)

Q.6. Identify from the following reactions the reactants that undergo oxidation and
reduction.

a.Fe + S -> FeS

Ans: Fe undergoes oxidation and S undergoes reduction.

b.2Ag2O -> 4Ag + O2 ^

Ans: Ag2O undergoes reduction.

c.2Mg + O2 -> 2MgO

Ans: Mg undergoes oxidation and O2 undergoes reduction

d.NiO + H2 -> Ni + H2O

Ans: NiO undergoes reduction as H2 undergoes oxidation

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