Almana : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis
Volume 6, No. 3/ December 2022, p. 501-511
ISSN 2579-4892 print/ ISSN 2655-8327 online
DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
THE EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON
CAREER READINESS WITH SELF-EFFICACY CAREER READINESS AS
MEDIATION VARIABLES
Dwi Sesri Andini*1, Hendra Lukito2
Universitas Andalas, Indonesia*12
[email protected]*1,
[email protected]Abstract: The work readiness of final-year students shows the quality of available
human resources. This research aims to determine the influence of career readiness
on the dependent variables and the mediating relationship for the variables of
emotional independence, social support, and career decision self-efficacy. Meanwhile,
the mediating relationship between emotional intelligence and social support on career
readiness through career decisions for undergraduate students at Andalas University.
The method of collecting data in this study was by distributing questionnaires to 245
student respondents. The research approach used is correlation investigation to find
the relationship between variables. The data collection method for the sample is
probability sampling with a simple random sampling technique and using SmartPLS
software. The data analysis process used is descriptive analysis and PLS analysis.
PLS analysis using the Inner model, outer model, and hypothesis testing. This study
has seven hypotheses. Four of them are supported, and three are not supported. The
results of this study indicate a positive and significant relationship between social
support on career decision self-efficacy and social support on career readiness. At the
same time, there is also a mediating relationship between social support on career
readiness through career readiness self-efficacy. However, there is no relationship
between emotional intelligence variables on career readiness, career readiness, and
mediation relationships.
Keywords: Career Readiness; Emotional Intelligence; Self-efficacy of career
decisions; Social Support
INTRODUCTION
The development of human resources today is the principal capital in preparing
an organization (Dessler, 2013). Quality human resources will make the wheels of the
organization run well. An organization will be difficult to run without human resources
even when other resources are available. An organization without human resources is
like a vehicle without a driver. However, it does not stop there; human resources must
be qualified (Robbins & Judge, 2013). Human resources cannot be separated from the
workforce, but unemployment will be created if the workforce does not have a job. The
condition of the high unemployment rate related to the demographic bonus that
Indonesia will experience in 2020-2035 (Dewi et al., 2018), of course, has a significant
impact on the sustainability of the Indonesian economy. A demographic bonus is a
condition where the productive age dominates a country compared to the non-
productive age. The dependence ratio to productive age is higher when there is a more
productive age. Productive age is the age range of 15-64 years. Also, working
productive age will increase a country's production (Summers & Falco, 2018).
Increased production also increases the economy. If this productive age cannot be
independent, it will increase the burden of a country. However, if this productive age
becomes qualified and reliable human resources, the productive age will make the
burden on the State lighter (Sarmita, 2017) because of the large number of working-
age productive people. Nevertheless, productive age can be said to be a disaster or a
gift. It is said to be a disaster if the quality of human resources is not prepared properly
Submitted: October 16, 2022; Revised: -;
Accepted: December 07, 2022; Published: December 25, 2022;
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Almana : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis
Volume 6, No. 3/ December 2022, p. 501-511
ISSN 2579-4892 print/ ISSN 2655-8327 online
DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
and one way to prepare the quality of human resources is to make HR career
readiness. Below are data showing the highest level of unemployment by education:
. Unemployment from University
2.000.000
1.500.000
1.000.000
500.000
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Figure 1. Unemployment from University
Source: (BPS, 2021)
Many factors make a person ready to pursue a post-graduation career, one of
which is emotional intelligence (Masole & Dyk, 2016). Emotional intelligence is an
individual's ability to manage personal emotions and deal with the emotions of others.
Individuals with high emotional intelligence can work well (Putri, 2016) and easily
interact with others. Individuals will meet many people when working, and emotional
intelligence is undoubtedly needed.
Individuals' social support varies from parents, family, and environment to friends.
Families, especially parents, have a significant role in shaping individual character.
This is because when a child has a solid imitating ability, it is when the individual is in
parental care. A factor that also affects individual career readiness is self-efficacy. Self-
efficacy is a person's belief in his ability to carry out a task and produce outstanding
achievements (Mathis et al., 2016). The term self-efficacy in the career world has
changed to career decision self-efficacy, namely career decisions such as
opportunities, resources, obstacles, and the ability to manage difficulties that ultimately
affect career goals so that a new theory is formed, namely career decision self-efficacy.
This study uses a mediating variable in which this variable mediates the
relationship that occurs between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
The mediating variable has an indirect effect. So, the relationship between the
independent variable and the dependent variable is influenced by one variable called
the mediating variable. The object of this research is the final student of S1 Andalas
University. The exploratory stage, which is vulnerable to interference and in dire need
of social support, is the developmental stage of adolescence and early adulthood
(Dogra & Yadav, 2018). Final-year students are individuals aged 20-24 years. Based
on the data below, the age of final-year students is the age with a high unemployment
rate. Even though it is second after the age of 15-19, the unemployment rate for the 20-
24 age group cannot be ignored.
Andalas University, as a quality university in practice, can graduate quality
graduates and have high competitiveness. To have high competitiveness, students
should have prepared themselves before entering the world of work. Based on
research conducted by the Tracer study conducted by the UPT Career and Counseling
Center in 2018 there were 3.86% of graduates got jobs after graduation, and 48% of
graduates directly worked from each faculty. While in 2017, graduates took three
Submitted: October 16, 2022; Revised: -;
Accepted: December 07, 2022; Published: December 25, 2022;
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Almana : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis
Volume 6, No. 3/ December 2022, p. 501-511
ISSN 2579-4892 print/ ISSN 2655-8327 online
DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
months. The average waiting period in 2016 to get the first job was 4.5 years after
graduation. This waiting period can be categorized as standard and shows that
Andalas University graduates can compete well.
Based on the phenomena above, the authors want to know further how the
influence of Emotional Intelligence, Social Support, and Self efficacy of career
decisions (Self-efficacy of career decisions) on the Career Readiness of final students
of S1 Andalas University. To determine the effect of emotional intelligence and social
support on self-efficacy of career decisions. Then to determine the effect of emotional
intelligence, social support, and self-efficacy of work career decisions on career
readiness and determine the effect of emotional intelligence and social support on
career readiness with the mediating variable Self-efficacy of career decisions for final
year undergraduate students at Andalas University.
METHODS
This study uses quantitative methods. According to (Hair et al., 2021),
quantitative research examines various phenomena converted into numbers and then
analyzed mathematically. As for the approach, the type of research chosen is the
correlational investigation method. According to (Zikmund et al., 2013), Correlational
studies are research that aims to find and find relationships related to each variable,
such as influencing, mediating, or moderating relationships. Collecting data using
cross-sectional data is enough only once in a certain period, so there is no need for
repeated data collection. In this study, the independent variable is emotional
intelligence and social support, the dependent variable is career readiness, and the
mediating variable is CDMSE. The object or population in this study is students in the
final year of S1 Andalas University. While for a good number of samples (number of
indicators + number of latent variables) * (5 to 10), based on that guideline, the number
of samples obtained is 245 (Hair et al., 2012). Sampling method. This study uses the
Probability sampling method, while the data collection technique through the
questionnaire form is a list of written questions whose answers are recorded by the
respondents.
There are two ways of technical analysis of the data: descriptive analysis and
PLS analysis. The descriptive analysis attempts to describe and process the available
raw data. Next is the PLS analysis, which processes the data not based on many
assumptions. PLS can see the relationship between latent variables, which can also
test the theory. The PLS model tests the structural model (A structural model), also
known as the inner model, whose data comes from distributing questionnaires and is
then processed and analyzed with smartPLS 3.0 software (Ali et al., 2018). After that,
the structural model is tested to prove the R-Square value. Assessment with PLS
testing begins by looking at the value of the outer loading for each latent dependent
variable. These statistics show the extent to which exogenous constructs explain
endogenous constructs.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The mean and standard deviation values of emotional intelligence variables are
4.16 and 0.817. ThisThis means that the emotional intelligence of final-year
undergraduate students at Andalas University is very good.
Submitted: October 16, 2022; Revised: -;
Accepted: December 07, 2022; Published: December 25, 2022;
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Almana : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis
Volume 6, No. 3/ December 2022, p. 501-511
ISSN 2579-4892 print/ ISSN 2655-8327 online
DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
Table 1. Descriptive Analysis
Standard
Mean %tcr Category
Variable Deviation
Emotional Intelligence 4,16 0,817 83,12 Very high
Social Support 4,15 0,86 83,0933 Very high
Career Readiness 3,94 0,834 78,87 High
Self-Efficacy Career Decision 3,95 0,8385 78,954 High
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
The social support variable was found to have an average was 4.15, and a
standard deviation was 0.860, meaning that according to TCR it can be categorized as
very high. The statement with the highest score is in statement 1, "I get direct material
assistance from family members" with an average of 4.30 and a TCR of 86.04. The
variable of career readiness of final year undergraduate students at Andalas University
found that the average was 3.94 or TCR of 78.87%, meaning that this can be
categorized as high respondent's career readiness. The statement with the highest
score is on the kk1 indicator, namely "already have a general picture of career interest"
of 4.00 or TCR of 79.92. The variable of self-efficacy of career readiness of final year
undergraduate students at Andalas University is 3.95 while the TCR is 78.954, so it can
be categorized as high level. Of the 10 question items, there is statement number 4,
which is "I believe I can choose one job from the list of jobs that I am considering" has
the highest average score of 4.05 or tcr 81.06%, meaning that final-year undergraduate
students at Andalas University can determine the job list of the many jobs under
consideration. The statement indicator on each variable must be able to represent the
statement for the variable. If it has a small value, the indicator with a small value should
be excluded. The standard for the value of the indicator to be used is 0. 50.
Figure 2. Outer Loading
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
Submitted: October 16, 2022; Revised: -;
Accepted: December 07, 2022; Published: December 25, 2022;
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Volume 6, No. 3/ December 2022, p. 501-511
ISSN 2579-4892 print/ ISSN 2655-8327 online
DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
In the table above, it can be seen that the outer loading value is more significant
than 0.50. This means that the indicator can represent the question indicator. In
addition to looking at the outer loading value of an indicator, it is also necessary to look
at the AVE value to prove if the indicator on that variable can be used. The AVE value
has a value above 0.50 which means that the variable can be used
Table 2. AVE Results After Testing
The average variance
extracted (ave)
Career decision self-efficacy 0,567
Social support 0,524
Emotional intelligence 0,531
Career readiness 0,606
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
The tests carried out are indicators of each statement and the relationship of
indicators to the primary variable or latent variable. This test is called cross-loading. If
the value is above 0.70 then the indicator for each question can represent the primary
variable.
Table 3. Discriminant Validity Value
SEKK DS KE KK
SEKK10 0,677 0,151 0,162 0,45
SEKK3 0,823 0,186 0,117 0,653
SEKK4 0,706 0,11 0,14 0,558
SEKK5 0,738 0,216 0,076 0,579
SEKK6 0,809 0,16 0,127 0,592
SEKK7 0,804 0,226 0,179 0,628
SEKK8 0,744 0,208 0,123 0,579
SEKK9 0,707 0,146 0,119 0,542
DS1 0,16 0,682 0,064 0,174
DS6 0,177 0,735 0,213 0,206
DS7 0,107 0,602 0,199 0,138
DS8 0,21 0,832 0,213 0,217
DS9 0,179 0,749 0,207 0,186
KE10 0,088 0,222 0,833 0,123
KE3 0,066 0,224 0,643 0,116
KE5 0,056 0,12 0,605 0,121
KE6 0,231 0,149 0,771 0,256
KE7 0,126 0,168 0,67 0,161
KE8 0,064 0,227 0,728 0,112
KE9 0,09 0,208 0,818 0,123
KK1 0,402 0,274 0,188 0,551
KK2 0,688 0,182 0,21 0,881
KK3 0,632 0,128 0,217 0,864
KK4 0,486 0,238 0,106 0,588
KK5 0,602 0,193 0,131 0,832
KK6 0,496 0,222 0,252 0,688
KK7 0,682 0,223 0,131 0,869
KK8 0,7 0,2 0,178 0,869
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
Submitted: October 16, 2022; Revised: -;
Accepted: December 07, 2022; Published: December 25, 2022;
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Volume 6, No. 3/ December 2022, p. 501-511
ISSN 2579-4892 print/ ISSN 2655-8327 online
DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
To be able to test discriminant validity, not only judging from the cross loading,
but also from the Fornell-Larcker criteria where the correlation value must be higher
than the value of other variables. so that the validity test with Fornell-Larcker criteria in
this study can be used.
Table 4. Results of Cross Loading Fornell-Larcker Method
Self-efficacy social Emotional Career
career decision support intelligence readiness
career self-efficacy decision 0,753
Social support 0,235 0,724
Emotional intelligence 0,172 0,248 0,729
Career readiness 0,765 0,258 0,224 0,778
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
In addition to testing the discriminant validity, but also on the reliability test.
Table 5. Reliability Test Results
Alpha composite
Cronbach reliability
career self-efficacy
0,89 0,912
decisions
Social support 0,771 0,845
Emotional intelligence 0,859 0,887
Career readiness 0,902 0,923
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
Based on the table above, the composite reliability value of each variable has a
value of > 0.70 while Cronbach's alpha is > 0.60, so it can be said that each variable
has a good reliability value.
Table 6. Inner Model Test Results
R square Customized r square
Career self-efficacy
0,069 0,062
decision
Career readiness 0,598 0,593
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
Furthermore, after testing the outer model, the next step is to test the inner
model. Based on the table above, it can be seen that the r-square value of the career
decision self-efficacy variable is 0.069 and career readiness is 0.598. The greater the
value of an r square, the greater the influence on other variables. The career decision
self-efficacy variable has an r-square value of 0.069 or 6.9%, so it can be interpreted if
the variables that affect the self-efficacy of career decisions are emotional intelligence
and social support. At the same time, the remaining 93.1% is influenced by other
variables not included in this study. The r-square value can be categorized (Hair et al.,
2021)
The career readiness variable has an r-square value of 0.598 or 59.8%, which
means that emotional intelligence, social support, and self-efficacy in career decisions
affect career readiness by 59.8%. At the same time, the remaining 40.2% is influenced
Submitted: October 16, 2022; Revised: -;
Accepted: December 07, 2022; Published: December 25, 2022;
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Volume 6, No. 3/ December 2022, p. 501-511
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DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
by other variables that are not in this study. The r-square value of career readiness can
be categorized into (Hair et al., 2021). There are seven hypotheses in this study. As for
the research results, some are supported and those are not supported.
Table 7. Hypothesis Test Results
Original Sample Standard
Tstatistic P
Hypothesis Direction sample mean deviation Decision
(|o/stdev |) values
(o) (m) (stdev)
Emotional
intelligence -> Not
H1 0,121 0,146 0,062 1,964 0,05
career decision supported
self-efficacy
Social support -
> career
H2 0,205 0,213 0,069 2,989 0,003 Supported
decision self-
efficacy
Career decision
self-efficacy ->
H3 0,736 0,736 0,037 19,839 0,005 Supported
career
readiness
Emotional
intelligence -> Not
H4 0,081 0,085 0,042 1,953 0,051
career supported
readiness
Social support -
H5 > career 0,064 0,063 0,046 2,394 0,005 Supported
readiness
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
In hypothesis testing, there are five direct test variables. The first hypothesis and
the fourth hypothesis are supported because they have a P-Value smaller than 0.005.
While the second, third, and fifth hypotheses have supported hypotheses.
Table 8. Mediation Hypothesis Test Results
Original Sample Standard
Tstatistic P
Hypothesis Direction sample mean deviation Decision
(|o/stdev |) values
(o) (m) (stdev)
Emotional
intelligence -> career Not
H6 0,089 0,108 0,047 1,91 0,057
decision self-efficacy supported
-> career readiness
Social support ->
career decision self-
H7 0,151 0,157 0,052 2,909 0,004 Supported
efficacy -> career
readiness
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
Submitted: October 16, 2022; Revised: -;
Accepted: December 07, 2022; Published: December 25, 2022;
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Volume 6, No. 3/ December 2022, p. 501-511
ISSN 2579-4892 print/ ISSN 2655-8327 online
DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
Figure 3. Model With Mediation Variable
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
The results of testing with mediation can be seen in the table below are as
follows:
Table 9. Test Results with Mediation
Direction Original Sample Standard Tstatistic P values Decision
sample mean (m) deviation (|o/stdev |)
(o) (stdev)
Social support -> 0,151 0,157 0,052 2,909 0,004 Supported
career decision
self-efficacy ->
career readiness
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
The first hypothesis's results prove no relationship between emotional
intelligence and career decision self-efficacy. Because the p-value is 0.872, high or low
emotional intelligence is not influenced by career decision self-efficacy. So final-year
undergraduate students at Andalas University with high emotional intelligence may
have low self-confidence in deciding on a career. The same study was conducted by
Sidek & Bakar (2020) on high school students in Malaysia. This study has no
relationship between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy in career decisions.
According to this study, the role of campus counselors does not play a role in
producing mature career readiness, and the dissemination of information lacking in
career counseling services is not evenly distributed to all students.
The results of testing the second hypothesis show a positive and significant
relationship between social support and career decision self-efficacy because it has a t-
value of 2,989. This means that the more social support students get in the final year of
their undergraduate degree at Andalas University, the self-efficacy ability of career
decisions they have will also be directly proportional to social support. This research
Submitted: October 16, 2022; Revised: -;
Accepted: December 07, 2022; Published: December 25, 2022;
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Volume 6, No. 3/ December 2022, p. 501-511
ISSN 2579-4892 print/ ISSN 2655-8327 online
DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
was also conducted by Kesuma et al. (2019). It has t statistics of 8.90. This means that
this value has a value above 0.196 so there is a positive and significant relationship
between social support and career decision self-efficacy. When full social support is
given to support individual career readiness, it will directly make individuals believe that
the chosen career decision is the best because this decision is supported by people
who play a major role for the individual. Referring to the results of testing the third
hypothesis, proves that there is a positive and significant relationship between career
decision self-efficacy on career readiness. This means that the high self-efficacy ability
of career decisions owned by final year undergraduate students at Andalas University
will make career readiness also high.
Another research has been done by Mohan & Sahu (2019). This study's results
indicate a positive and significant relationship between career decision self-efficacy and
career readiness. Individuals with career decision self-efficacy have strong self-
confidence and do not hesitate to face the career world. Self-efficacy in individual
career decisions makes the stages of career preparation easier and does not
experience significant obstacles. The results of testing the fourth hypothesis prove that
there is a positive but not significant relationship between emotional intelligence and
career readiness. This means that the better the emotional intelligence possessed by
the final year undergraduate students at Andalas University, the career readiness they
have will also be good and vice versa, but this does not affect it significantly.
Research conducted by Parmentier et al. (2019). They had a p-value of 0.40
means that there is no relationship between emotional intelligence and career
readiness. The things that cause this hypothesis to not be supported are that final-year
students are increasingly faced with the harsh reality of the world of work, mainly since
this questionnaire was distributed during the COVID-19 pandemic, in which many
people lost their jobs and were laid off, creating their fears for final year students.
Another thing that also causes the rejection of this hypothesis is the high (indecision)
career anxiety in final-year students, such as research conducted by Udayar et al.
(2018) and Fabio et al. (2013). Based on the results of testing, the fifth hypothesis
shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between social support and
career readiness. The results of this study reveal that there is a relationship between
social support and career readiness. Meanwhile, according to Guan et al. (2016) that
the most contributing social support is the social support obtained from the family so
when social support from the family is obtained correctly, it will affect the individual's
confidence in setting a career. The social support that most contributes to individual
development is the support given by parents. They provide not only material but also
non-moral assistance so that if individuals get full social support, their career readiness
will also be more vital.
The results of testing the sixth hypothesis prove that there is no mediating
relationship between career decision self-efficacy on emotional intelligence and career
readiness. This finding means there is no significant relationship through the mediation
of career decision self-efficacy between emotional intelligence and career readiness,
but it has a direct effect. At the same time, it is different from the research conducted
by Santos et al. (2018) on 472 senior students at the United Kingdom University who
had a p-value < 0.01 so that there was a positive and significant relationship with the
self-efficacy of career decisions as mediation. The results of testing the seventh
hypothesis prove that there is a mediating relationship between career decision self-
efficacy and social support on career readiness. This finding means that the more
social support you get, the better the career decision self-efficacy for final-year
students—the better the career decision self-efficacy of students, the better the
students' career readiness. The same study was conducted by Guan et al. (2016) with
Submitted: October 16, 2022; Revised: -;
Accepted: December 07, 2022; Published: December 25, 2022;
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DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
the object of 731 scholars in China in the journal of vocational behavior with a t value of
11.06. The level of mediation in this study was partial, as well as the author's research,
namely partially.
CONCLUSION
Emotional intelligence has a positive and significant relationship to career
decision self-efficacy. Social support has a positive and significant relationship with
career decision self-efficacy. Career decision self-efficacy has a positive and significant
relationship to career decision self-efficacy. Emotional intelligence has a positive but
not significant relationship with career readiness. Emotional-social support has a
positive and significant relationship with career readiness. There is no relationship
between emotional intelligence on career readiness mediated by career decision self-
efficacy. This explains that in this study, career decision self-efficacy cannot be an
intermediary variable in the indirect effect of emotional intelligence on career readiness.
However, it has a significant direct effect on emotional intelligence on career readiness.
There is a relationship between social support on career readiness mediated by self-
efficacy of career decisions. This shows that in this study the better social support, the
better the career decision self-efficacy, the better the career decision self-efficacy, and
better the career readiness of undergraduate students in the final year. So, there is a
direct effect and an indirect effect on social support on career readiness.
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ISSN 2579-4892 print/ ISSN 2655-8327 online
DOI: 10.36555/almana.v6i3.1951
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