BUDDHISM AND
JAINISM
Similarities between Buddhism and Jainism
Both the religions admitted disciples from all castes and genders.
Ahimsa is the prominent principle of both the religions
Both taught in the language of the common people i.e. Prakrit and not in Sanskrit,
which was the language of the clergy and elite classes.
Both the religions were opposed to animal sacrifices .
Both the religions stressed on right conduct and right knowledge .
The source of both the religion is Vedic religion and both indebted to Upanishads.
Both Gautama Buddha and Mahavira belonged to Kshatriya families and not to
priestly class.
Differences between Buddhism and Jainism
Most of the Jain texts are in Sanskrit and Prakrit whereas Buddhist texts are in Pali.
Jain ascetics avoid bathing to avoid killing micro-organisms on the skin, while Buddhist
ascetics can bath.
Buddhists believe that only intentional actions create Karma, while Jains believe that
even negligence creates Karma.
Buddhists believe that anyone can reach Nirvana while still living on earth, while Jains
believe that it is only possible to fully attain Nirvana after death.
Buddhism emphasises the eight noble paths while Jainism emphasises Tri Ratna.
Though both emphasise Ahimsa, yet Jainism is more strict and adhere to extremities.
Decline of Jainism
Jainism is now survived chiefly in two Gujarat and Rajasthan (Svetambara sect)
regions -
Mysore (Digambara sect).
The main factors that were Its emphasis on extreme ahimsa.
responsible for the decline of Jainism
in India include -
Loss of royal patronage at center after
Mauryas.
No missionary effort was made to spread Jainism.
Buddhism vs. Jainism
The Buddhist tradition has been more accretive in its doctrine than the other great
missionary religions.
It has shown an enduring tendency to adapt to local forms, as a result of which one
can speak of a transformation of Buddhism in various cultures.
Jainism on the other hand, has been largely confined to India, although the migration
of Indians to other, predominantly English speaking countries has spread its practice
in many Commonwealth nations and to the United States.
Its continuous existence in India for some 2,500 years gives it a unique status as the
only Sanskritic non-Hindu religious tradition to have survived in India to the present.
Previous Year
Questions
Prelims
1. With reference to Indian history, consider the following texts:
1. Nettipakarana
2. Parishishtaparvan
3. Avadanashataka
4. Trishashtilakshana Mahapurana
Which of the above are Jaina texts?(2022)
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 2 and 4 only
c) 1, 3 and 4
d) 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (B)
Prelims
2. With reference to the religious history of India, consider the following statements:
1. Sthaviravadins belong to Mahayana Buddhism.
2. The Lokottaravadin sect was an offshoot of the Mahasanghika sect of Buddhism.
3. The deification of Buddha by Mahasanghikas fostered the Mahayana Buddhism.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (2020)
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3 only
Answer: (B)
Prelims
3. Consider the following:
1. Deification of the Buddha
2. Treading the path of Bodhisattvas
3. Image worship and rituals
Which of the above is/are the features/ features of Mahayana Buddhism? ( 2019)
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (D)
Prelims
4. With reference to the religious history of India, consider the following statements:
1. Sautrantika and Sammitiya were the sects of Jainism.
2. Sarvastivadin held that the constituents of phenomena were not wholly
momentary, but existed forever in a latent form.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (2017)
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (B)
Prelims
5. Which of the following kingdoms were associated with the life of Buddha?( 2015)
1. Avanti
2. Gandhara
3. Kosala
4. Magadha
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1,3 and 4
d) 3 and 4 only
Answer: (D)
Prelims
6. With reference to Indian history, consider the following pairs:
Historical person – Known as
1. Aryadeva – Jaina scholar
2. Dignaga – Buddhist scholar
3. Nathamuni – Vaishnava scholar
How many pairs given above are correctly matched? (2022)
a) None of the pairs
b) Only one pair
c) Only two pairs
d) All three pairs
Answer: (C)
Thank you
Post-Mauryan
Period (200 BC –
300 AD)
Introduction
In Deccan , central lndia and eastern India, the
Mauryas were succeeded by a number of indigenous
rulers such as the Shungas, the Kanvas, Nagas of
The period from 200 BC to Ganga Valley, Dynasty of Kalinga-Chedis and
300 AD did not witness a Satavahanas.
large empire like that of the
Mauryas but widespread This period also witnessed a number of foreign
contacts between Central dynasties from Central Asia like the Indo-Greeks, the
Asia and India. Shakas, the Scytho-Parthians and the Kushans.
Introduction
Introduction
Region Dynasties
North India Shungas, Kanvas
Deccan Satavahanas
South India Cholas, Cheras, Pandyas
East India (Odisha region) Chedis
N-W India & North India Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushans and
A number of tribal republics
Sources
Literary Sources
The Jatakas contain many stories of ordinary people, traders, and travellers of this
period.
The Pali work Milinda-Panha (The Questions of Milinda) gives information about the
Yavana king Menander and on Buddhism of this period.
The chronicles of early Han and later Han dynasties of China give ample information
on the early history of Yueh-chis or Kushanas.
The Puranas and epics are a rich source of information on the emergence of early
Hindu cults and religious practices of this period.
The later Dharmasutras and Smritis such as the Manava Dharmashastra (generally
referred to as the Manu Smriti) and Yajnavalkya Smriti represent Brahmanical
discourses, through which we can get glimmers of the society of their time.
Sources
Literary Sources
Other sources
Mahabhasya of Patanjali, Divyavadana, Puranas, Malavikagnimitra
of Kalidasa, Harshacharita of Banabhatta, Gargi Samhita.
Greeco-Roman texts: Strabo-His book ‘Geographica’ describes about
They are collectively known geography, social, economic and religious conditions of
as ‘classical accounts and lndia.
include the works of Strabo
and Pliny.
Pliny-His book ‘Naturalis Historica’ provides insights
into the trade between Italy and India.
Sources
Non-literary Sources
Inscriptions Inscriptions written in Kharosthi script have been found in large
numbers in Gandhara and many Kharosthi documents have been
recovered from Central Asia; Also inscriptions from Ayodhya,
Vidisha , Bharhut etc.
Coins Coins with names of rulers inscribed on them. For example: The
names of many Indo-Greek rulers are known from their coins.
Archaeological The pottery includes wheel-turned red ware of medium fabric,
Sources requently with stamped and incised designs.
Foreign Ruling Dynasties
Mauryan and Seleucid empires had disintegrated at the same time around 185 BC and
hence their governors declared independence and established independent
kingdoms.
The construction of the Great Wall of China in 220 BC pushed Central Asian tribes like
Sakas, Yuchis towards India.
Weak successors of Ashoka failed to check foreign invaders.
These foreign invaders were assimilated into Indian society; they were not only
Indianised but got Hinduised.
Previous Year
Questions
Prelims
1) With reference to the invaders in ancient India, which one of the following is the
correct chronological order? (2020)
a) Greeks – Sakas – Kushans
b) Greeks – Kushans – Sakas
c) Sakas – Greeks – Kushans
d) Sakas – Kushans – Greeks
Prelims
1) With reference to the invaders in ancient India, which one of the following is the
correct chronological order? (2006)
a) Greeks – Sakas – Kushans
b) Greeks – Kushans – Sakas
c) Sakas – Greeks – Kushans
d) Sakas – Kushans – Greeks
Prelims
2) With reference to the Scholars/litterateurs of ancient India, consider the
following statements:
1. Panini is associated with Pushyamitra
2. Amarsimha is associated with Harshavardhana
3. Kalidasa is associated with Chandragupta-II
Which of the above-given statements is/are correct? ( 2020)
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Prelims
2) With reference to the Scholars/litterateurs of ancient India, consider the
following statements:
1. Panini is associated with Pushyamitra
2. Amarsimha is associated with Harshavardhana
3. Kalidasa is associated with Chandragupta-II
Which of the above-given statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Thankyou
Criteria Buddhism Jainism
Language of Pali Prakrit
text
Non violence Moderate Extreme
Theory of only intentional Even negligence
karma actions create create Karma
Karma
Nirvana while still only after death
attaiment living on earth
Philosophy Eight Nobel Tri Ratna
paths
Salvation only Buddha 24 Tirthankara
attained
Non veg Allowed not
strictly
allowed
DeclineofJainism
Its emphasis on extreme Ahimsa
Different branihes sects on Jainism
G confusion in people
If become
complex
Started following some form of rituals
Idolatory
Loss of royal Patronage after Mauryas
Nayanars not tolerated Jain around
Tamil Nadu region
Scholars started writing in Sanskrit
Decline in trade and commerce Huna attack
Not propagated outside India
Resurgence of Bhakti movement
4 vedic Brahaminism reinvented itself
Q Explain rise and fall of Buddhism and
Jainism
Q Policies of Buddhism and Jainism are an
answer to terrorism and sectarianism seen in
world politics Do agree
you
1AD
IstBC
Post Mauryan Period
Kanwal
Kanika wine Trishul Laxmi
Buddhist council
Moses Moses from same dynasty Shaka
Rudradaman
Junagarh most chaste Sanskrit Inscrip
ProfInternion
Mleecha coming from outside impure
t
vedic sacrifices to come
Vratya stoma
in Brahmanical Hierarchy
1
Hence startedinternalising Indian tradition
e.g Sanskrit
Ashvamedh
Yagna
Literature
Manusmriti If cross sea will
Grihasutra lose caste
Dharmashashtra I Follow gram
Dharman and
To protect Varna I forget Desh
system
y Dharma
Shalva Sutra
srota Sutra
TamilKam
Kalinga
Literarysouf
o
Milind Panna conversion to Buddhism
Chronicale of Han dynasties in China
Purna and Epics
0
Dharmasutras and smriti's
o
Strabo Geographia Indo Greeks
Pliny Naturalis Historica
Yavanapriya Pepper
Patanjali Mahabhashya
o
Malavikagnimitra Kalidasa
About
shunga king
Non nterary sources
Inscriptions In Kharoshti script
Gandhara
region
Coins Names of rulers on coins
Achologicalsoury
Re aiescomnginfndia
forforeign
o
Construction of Great wall of China pushed
Central Asian tribes to India
o weak suciessors of Ashoka failed to cheek
invasion
agatatttuttataltznt
the jail atcha T Hiatt Y Glaad
att Hot 4th A dad I
att draft sat share A zit that
adat dot at Iast at alt
et of Glint yet at dot Hat at
adat test of af
att at 8 HI HIA UT 6 IT
adat Got hot 4T
ate that II Heat HIT at 344T
dat Glad dot dot 2719T 4T
a.IE I a
THAT UT TEAM at
YAT Haat AT YUH of
A ART chit
Not get A Tadas atrium Eto
of artshat 261ft Jeodainiat
Epa self at 24hm HIT Ga
at dat tf AA at
toe at tenet of art at
it A fillet St T admit a
fatal
Got Elst Myod Fett of cutlet
at Gilson 22A UT GIT GIT
CUR AT UNT EAT A Hot af
AT LA YAT ET
4127 A
IoT 241AM YAT MUTH
at at A Hot 211AM Raaf A
KETT GIT CHIT AT HHT UT IFT
f MI
Rif et I Heat at karat of obit
That SHUT ont dont rat
taint
414T A GIRI
cult 4T 291St
Hanf at an art
att F of att at sea at of
art got droit at 3kt at
Ga A Lot 944 oh Hoot abt obrot
dot
at area if fat ant of azan
af et at tf gotta 4940T duty
Story
2 Bl
s AD
asf satan
za
Matt d
got it aft at Tea ART
Iii
it at
IT
HUT at
Riddim Nat
If
woe D a VA att
RINAT
1st B C 38h A D not A Rt
RT 241T It 21T at
chava and dearest I BET Matt
of I É
4th ga zig at audio art
Moses I 44Gt e 2142ft Hat at art
it had l aunt at daddy
MEET at 2ft am dead at Haid f
HYATT AH GH 412th HAT 32T
Reset ate T Hot af A Hoot at
Jet act I 1
1
fated arrant of auf Rom at
art Hast
t at ETAT at A alert
at GGT
Aten alot of
dat alot at A
GUST OF MEAT MAT AT YUH
But
ask alot at alum at 27th A
TUT TUT HA ET at
A HHT 4T GIANNI adrift
Guest at
and alot of adore art art
of A secret
Hard at Rand draft II 2114
at Jett htt Est
Heated
I 22T
4 adat
START
Eat IT at sat
4kt 200
OF 271ST
300
IT AINT THT
no
pot
Jilt
HYUNAT a
Td 21121h AN 211276
0
Est NT o gst that
0 NOT ART To
o Hiram dtt 419AM
o
tf dat o
GM dit
Shoot 2714417
GAUT 412T WIT WT 410ft
LA ART of
Jo J Jo to 412T Ist
Lotion so
419AM of 4101
ampa a aided at att
UH at Hart
IT at
4124T SAEKI
121T I Hilast AKAI 2T
axed at that din aid tattoo
yelled at atty
Itoh
any of tediat
dust 8210T Hiddablotht
HA RAT
Most after that
e
asf Automat
ART AT It
31141ha 3719Mt Gata
out not
Hot data Hattan
d
seed J
at I ate
Utah
titanate
dat tf dat
Kairat anatto E
and hate at hand
Kade aunt
at tf dat Y
dechant at 2114Mt of 511ft
af et
AA of art at
badoo.at
m
44272112921942in
Htt I Qayamat alto Ra
RIT AIAA ft Sotto Zant
210 at Fella at
Not at HSI dat at
AMRUT f 2T at SAAT
HET EAT at AHF Ginola
Jett
