Metals 1.
Cast Iron
metallic inter atomic bonding with Defined as an iron alloy with more
valence shell than 2% carbon as the main
electrons forming a cloud of alloying
electrons around the atoms or ions. element.
Are solid
TYPES OF CAST IRON
chemical elements except
hydrogen. a. White Cast Iron -
Characterized by the
prevalence of carbides,
Opaque and lustrous - elements impacting,
that are good conductors of Heat high compressive strength;
and Electricity. Hardness; Good resistance to
wear
b. Gray Iron - Characterized
"Metals are a unique class of with graphite in the
toxicants since they cannot be microstructure, giving good
broken down to machinability and good
on-toxic forms" resistance to wear and
galling.
c. Ductile Iron- Gray iron with
Metals are used in… small amounts of magnesium
• Transportation; and cesium which
• Aerospace;
modulates the graphite, resulting
• Computers and other devices high strength and high ductility.
that requires conductors;
• Construction; d. Malleable Iron - White cast
• Biomedical Applications; iron heat-treated to improve higher
ductility.
• Electrical power production and
distribution;
• Farming and household 2. Carbon Steel
conveniences.
Is a malleable, iron-based metal
containing less than 2 % carbon,
TYPES OF METALS small
amounts of manganese and other
- FERROUS
trace elements. Specified by
chemical
composition, mechanical Defining properties include
properties, method of deoxidation, resistance to wear, stability during
or thermal heat
treatment. treatment, strength at high
temperature and toughness.
3.Alloy Steel
6.HSLA Steel
Steels that contain specified
amounts of alloying elements – High-Strength Low Alloy have
other than higher strength to weight ratio than
carbon and the commonly conventional low carbon steels.
accepted amounts of manganese,
copper,
silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus NON- FERROUS METALS:
1. Aluminum
Silvery white metal ,
4.Stainless Steel light ,nontoxic, nonmagnetic
and non-sparking. Easily
Generic name for a number of
formed, machined, and cast.
different steels used primarily for
their 2. Beryllium
resistance to corrosion. Highest melting points of
the light metals.
Commonly divided into Five Groups 3. Copper
1. Martensitic good thermal and electrical
conductivity, corrosion resistance,
2. Ferritic
ease of forming, ease of joining
3. Austenitic and color.
4. Duplex
5. Precipitation-Hardening 4.Magnesium
- Lightest structural metal.
5. Tool Steel -Has a high strength to weight
ratio. Is sensitive to stress
concentration, however, notches capable of high strengths and good
sharp corners, and abrupt section creep resistance to intermediate
changes should be avoided. temperatures
-have good combinations of
properties in sheet, heavy
5.Nickel
sections, fasteners and spring
- Fits many applications that applications.
require specific corrosion
resistance or
8. Zinc
elevated temperature strength.
- Relatively low melting point and
boiling point.
6.Tin
- Characterized by a low melting
point.
7.Titanium
- There are three structural types
of titanium alloys:
a. Alpha Alloys
– non heat treatable and are
generally very weld-able; low to
medium strength, good notch
toughness, reasonably good
ductility.
b. Alpha-Beta Alloys
– are heat treatable and most are
weldable. Strength levels medium
to high.
c Beta or near-beta Alloys
– are readily heat treatable,
generally weldable,
