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The Cults of the Greek States 1st Edition Lewis Richard
Farnell Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Lewis Richard Farnell
ISBN(s): 9781108015462, 1108015468
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 7.22 MB
Year: 2010
Language: english
 CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION
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The Cults of the Greek States

Lewis Richard Farnell’s five-volume The Cults of the Greek States, first
published between 1896 and 1909, disentangles classical Greek mythology
and religion, since the latter had often been overlooked by nineteenth-
century English scholars. Farnell describes the cults of the most significant
Greek gods in order to establish their zones of influence, and outlines the
personality, monuments, and ideal types associated with each deity. He also
resolutely avoids the question of divine origins and focuses instead on the
culture surrounding each cult, a position which initially drew some criticism,
but which allowed him more space to analyse the religious practices
themselves. Written to facilitate a comparative approach to Greek gods, his
work is still regularly cited today for its impressive collection of data about
the worship of the most popular deities. Volume 4 focuses on the cults of
Poseidon and Apollo.
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 The Cults
of the Greek States
Volume 4

L ewis R ichard Farnell

 C A M B R I D G E U N I V E R SI T Y P R E S S

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This edition first published 1907

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 THE CULTS
OF

THE GREEK STATES

BY

LEWIS RICHARD FARNELL

D.LITT., M.A., F.A.S.
FELLOW AND TUTOR OF EXETER COLLEGE
UNIVERSITY LECTURER IN CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL GERMAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

IN FIVE VOLUMES
VOL. IV

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1907
 HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH
NEW YORK AND TORONTO
 CONTENTS OF VOL. IV

CHAPTER I.
PAGE
C U L T O F P O S E I D O N . . . . . . 1 - 5 5

Ethnographic interest of the cult of Poseidon, 1 ; comparative value of

cult, myth, and genealogies as evidence of early migrations, 1-3 ; portrait
of the god in Homer, Pindar, and the Attic poets, 4 ; cults of the maritime
god, 5 ; of the god of rivers, springs, and vegetation, $wra\iuos, Poseidon
with Demeter, 5-7; the earthquake god, 'Epvoaiyaws, 'Aa<paXews,
Fairjoxos, 7-8 ; social and political epithets, TJarptyiveios, Qparpios at
Delphi, Tlarqp at Eleusis, BaaiXeiis UoXtovxos and TeveSMos at Troezen
and Sparta, AaifiariTijs, Aaoiras, 9-10 ; Amphictyonic league of Kalanreia,
10; Poseidon 'EXIKUIVWS, I O - I I ; no higher morality in Poseidon's
worship, little connexion with the arts or intellectual life, P. 'EUWTJJS,
'larpos, 12-14; Poseidon "Iircnos, wide prevalence and great importance
of the cult, 14-26; cult of the horse-god in Thessaly and at Onchestos of
Boeotia, 15 ; "Inntos in Attica and in the Isthmus, 'IniroKovptos at Sparta,
the horse-god in Argolis, Arcadia, Elis, Achaia, 17-20; why was the horse
attached to Poseidon? 20-23; the cult probably originated among the
Minyans of Thessaly, the TavpoKa$dipia in the Thessalian ritual and else-
where, 23-26; traces of human sacrifice in Poseidon-worship, 26 ; the
Thessalian Minyans the chief Poseidon-worshippers, Poseidon at Delphi
probably of Thessalian origin, 26-29 ; Minyan strain in Boeotian cult,
probable association of Minyans with Ionians in the vicinity of Helikon,
29; Poseidon 'EXucamos the god of Helikon and of the Ionic confederacy,
traces of the Ionians in Boeotia, 29-32 ; the leading Poseidon-cults
Minyan-Ionic, 3 3 ; Theban worship, female ministration no proof of
gynaecocracy, the Aigeidai an Ionic clan, 32-35 ; meaning of Poseidon
Uarqp at Elensis, probably = P. the ancestor from North Greece, 35, 38 ;
Minyan legend and cult in the Isthmus, Minyan influence at Kalaureia,
38-39 ; Ionic strain at Troezen, 40; Minyan worships in Laconia, 40-43;
in Messenia, Arcadia, Elis, 43-45 ; Ionic worships in Achaia, 45 ; no
aboriginal Dorian worship of Poseidon, 45-46 ; ethnography of the cult
in Attica, different views as to the relation of Poseidon and Erechtheus;
probably independent figures originally, Erechtheus a buried ancestor of
the pre-Ionic community, distinct in character from Poseidon, who
belongs mainly to the Ionic and partly to a Minyan migration,
47-55-
iv CONTENTS

CHAPTER II.
PAGE
MONUMENTS OF P O S E I D O N - C U L T . 56-60

The religions art mainly deals with the sea-divinity, 56 ; monuments of

*uTaA./iios, 'AatpaKuos, 'ESpcuos, 57 ; political monuments, 58-59 ; union
of the three brother-divinities, Poseidon with emblems of Zeus, 59-60.

CHAPTER III.
THE IDEAL OF POSEIDON . . . • • • 61-72

Archaic representations, 61-62 ; transitional types, vases of the fifth

century, 62-64; Pheidian work, Poseidon on the Parthenon, 64-65 ;
bronze-work, coins and vases of fourth century, 65-67 ; Poseidon with the
uplifted foot, ? Lysippean, 67-69 ; Poseidon with traits of Zeus, 69 ; more
emotional types, 70-72.
REFERENCES FOR CHAPTERS I-III . . . . . 73~97

C H A P T E R IV.
APOLLO-CULTS 98-252
Apollo a typically Hellenic divinity, probably of ' Aryan' origin,
etymology of the name unsettled, 98-99 ; reminiscences of earliest
migrations of the cult from the north, Hyperborean legend examined, the
Hyperboreans no distinct people, but genuine Hellenic worshippers- of
Apollo, Ahrens' explanation of the name the most probable, 100-104;
two Hyperborean routes, one by Tempe along the sacred way, one by
Dodona, probably routes of prehistoric Hellenic invasion, 104-106;
Delian cult probably later than Delphian, connexions of Delos with
Boeotia and the Attic tetrapolis, 106-108 ; Hyperborean offerings from
the Black Sea, TO 'TncpPeperaTov at Sestos, 108-109; relations between
Delos and Delphi, Delos becomes the goal of the offerings, 109-111 ;
Apollo in the earliest period the divinity of many different stocks, pre-
Dorian cults in the Peloponnese, A. IIvBaevs, Kapveios, Avueios, 111-112 ;
traces of savagery in the earliest period, Apollo the Hunter and Cave-
dweller, 112-113; Apollo Ai5«eios the wolf-god, the wolf in the legend
of the god, the Argive and Attic cults, early Hellenization of Lycia the
land of the wolf-god, 113-123; Apollo as pastoral deity, No/uos.
Kepearas, 'ApujTaios, 'Oiraav, 1 2 3 - 1 2 4 ; g o d o f t r e e s , Aatpv7j<p6pos, 124;
Amyclaean Apollo and Hyakinthos, 124-130; god of agriculture,
SiraAjcas, Tlopv6mos, 'Epv0i0tos, "Epaos, 130; Apollo Kapvaos, 131-135 ;
solar character of Apollo accepted by many ancient and modern theorists,
but not aboriginal, evidence from ritual and cult-epithets, Qavcuos,
AlyX-qrqs, 'Eaios, 'ClpoKvTos, Tlpo6ipios, $oi0os, 136-143 ; solar worship in
Mycenaean period, 143-144; Apollo a maritime god, Naawras, 'AKTOTOS,
Ae\<pivios, 145-147; social and political cults, OIKIOTTJS, &LOIIMTWI\S,
Koipeos, 148 ; 'A7w«Js, 148-151; Apollo 'Em/ei/iaios, his relations with
the phratric organization, 152-153 ; Apollo narpwos at Athens, meaning
 CONTENTS v

PAGE
and ethnographic importance of the title, 153-161 ; other Apollo-cults in
Attica, 158-159 ; political character of Apollo in general Greek religion,
the divine leader of migrations, 161-162 ; his worship in the Aeolic
settlements of Asia Minor, Apollo S/uvSevs, &£p/Mos, 162-169 i m Ionia,
Delos, Miletos, 169-173 ; in Dorian Hexapolis, Elis, Achaia, 173-175 ;
Apollo as war-god, 175-176; Apollo as god of law, his temple ITU
A(\<t>ivia> associated with advance in the law concerning homicide, 176-
177; Apollo the protector of the enfranchised slave, 177-179; the
Delphic oracular cult, 179-218; early mantic tradition of Pytho, 1S0-182 ;
constitution of the Delphic Amphietyony, 182-185; legend of early
Cretan ministration, 185-186; ritual preliminary to the consultation,
186-187; position of the Pythoness, rules of purification, reasons for
selecting a woman as the organ of prophecy, 187-190; various kinds of
(iavTiicri in Greece, the Delphic of the ecstatic kind, but other and simpler
methods known there, 190-192 ; the position and influence of the"Offioi,
193-195 ; the oracle free on the whole from political ambition, 195-197;
the oracle a source of legislation, 197-199; as an emigration-agency,
prehistoric traces of a ' ver sacrum' in Greece, 200-202; Delphic
influence on Greek religion, no Delphic propaganda except in behalf of
Dionysos, 202-206; Delphic regulation of Hero-worship, 206-208;
of human-sacrifice, 208-210; more advanced view of sacrifice at Delphi,
210; Delphic influence on Greek morality, 211-214 ; note on npo/iavrda,
214; offshoots of the Pythian cult, at Asine, 215, Argos, Laconia, Troezen,
Megara, Athens, 216-218; Apolline oracles in Thessaly, 219, Abai, 219-
220, Boeotia, 220-222, Epiros, 222 ; oracle at Delos, 223 ; oracles on the
Aeolic coast, 223-224; oracle at Klaros, 224-226; at Branchidai, 226-
229; Lykian oracles, 229-231 ; conclusions drawn from the record of
Apolline divination, 231-232 ; Apollo the god of medicine, the medicinal
facnlty associated with the oracular, 233-241; Xlaiwv, 234-235 ; MaXcdras,
235-239 ; Apollo with Asklepios, 239 ; early Apolline medicine magical,
Epidaurian therapeutics mainly miraculous, bnt with a glimmering
of science, 239-241 ; Apollo the patron of the intellectual life, 241-243 ;
of the artistic, 243-244; his prophetic character probably the source
of his poetic, 244-246 ; characteristics of Apolline music, 246-252.

CHAPTER V.
APOLLINE RITUAL 253-306
No Apolline mystery, animal offerings most frequent, but some bloodless
ritual, e.g. on 'the Holy' altar at Delos, 253-254; goat-sacrifice,
254-255 ; the wolf in his ritual, 255-256; the Sminthian ritual of the
mouse-god, 256-257; sacramental communion infrequent, 257-258, cf.
253; Apolline festivals in spring, summer, and autumn, the seventh day
sacred, 258-259 ; Laconian Karneia, 259-263 ; Hyakinthia, 264-267 ;
Attic Thargelia and human sacrifice, 268-284; Boeotian Daphnephoria
and sun-magic, 284—286; the Pyanopsia and the eiresione, 286-287 ; the
festivals and festal-calendar of Delos, 287-291; festivals of Delphi, the
Pythia, Theoxenia, Stepteria, 291-295 ; Apolline Katharsis, its methods
and influence on law and morality, 295-306.
vi CONTENTS

CHAPTER VI.
PAGE
MONUMENTS OF THE CULT OF APOLLO . • • 3°7-328
Aniconic age, Agyieus, Delphic omphalos, 307-308; semi-iconic statue
at Amyklai, 308-309; monuments of the wolf-god and the hunter,
309-311 ; of the shepherd god, 311-312 ; of the god of vegetation and
the Hyperborean offerings, Apolline symbol of the griffin, 312-316; no
trace of a solar Apollo in art, 316; the maritime god, 317; numismatic
proof of the political value of the Apolline cults, 317-322; Apollo
'A\e£tKaicos on coin of Selinus, Katharsios on coin of Kaulonia, 322-323;
attributes of the oracular god, 323-324; Apollo 'Iarp6s, 325; Apollo
Kitharoedos, 325-32S.

CHAPTER VII.

IDEAL TYPES OF APOLLO 329-355

The bearded type soon supplanted by the youthful, the type of Tenea,
Thera, Orchomenos, &c, 329-331; early nude representations, 331;
rare representations of the boy-Apollo, 331-332 ; works of developed,
archaism, 332-333 ; transitional period, Choisseul-Gouffier Apollo, Cassel
Apollo, Baracco head, 333-33S ; Pompeian bronze, 338; Apollo of the
Museo delle Terme, 339; Apollo of Olympian gable, the Chatsworth
bronze head, 339-340; transitional coin-types of Kolophon and Leontini,
340 ; Apollo of the Pheidian School, figure on Parthenon frieze, 341 —
343 ; fifth-century groups of Artemis and Apollo, 343 ; coin-types in the
fifth century, 344; in the fourth century, 345 ; fourth-century sculpture,
Mausoleum head, Munich statue of Apollo Kitharoedos, 346-348;
Praxitelean Apollo-types, Apollo Lykeiosat Athens, 348-352; Hellenistic
types, Pourtales head, statue from Tralles in Constantinople, 352-353 ;
Relvidere Apollo, Stcinhanser head, Apollo on Pergamene frieze,
354-355-

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTERS IV-VII . 356-454

 LIST OF PLATES IN VOL. IV

PLATE I. (n) Poseidon on horse, Corinthian IliVa£.

(i) Poseidon on bull, Wurzburg amphora.
II. (a) Statuette in Augusteum, Dresden.
(i) Gem-representations of Poseidon with thunderbolt.
III. (a) Corinthian rjiVaf, Poseidon with Hermes.
{&) Corinthian IltVaf, Poseidon charging with trident.
IV. Bronze from Corinthian gulf.
V. Bologna vase, Theseus, Amphitrite, Poseidon.
VI. Vase in Cabinet des Medailles, Paris, Theseus and Poseidon.
VII. Poseidon at the death of Talos on vase.
VIII. Bronze from Dodona.
IX. Kadmos vase.
X. Kertsch vase, Poseidon and Athena.
XI. Lateran statue of Poseidon.
XII. Dresden statue of Poseidon, wrongly restored as Asklepios.
XIII. Torso of Poseidon, Athens.
XIV. Poseidon of Melos.
XV. (a) Head from Museum of Syracuse.
(&) Chiaramonti head.
XVI. Mosaic of Palermo.
XVII. Kertsch vase, Apollo and Dionysos at Delphi.
XVIII. Thasos relief, Apollo with the Nymphs.
XIX. (a) Apollo, Artemis, Leto, Kourotrophos, on relief in Dresden.
(i) Apollo, Artemis, Leto, on relief from Eretria.
XX. Apollo with two flute-playing girls on Attic Stamnos in
Ashmolean Museum.
XXI. (a) Bearded Apollo on Melian vase.
(i) Apollo slaying Tityos on vase in Athens.
XXII. Archaic bronze of Apollo, probably Boeotian.
XXIII. Boy-Apollo on British Museum Kylix.
XXIV. Bronze statuette of Apollo of Kanachos, British Museum.
XXV. Late archaic relief from Pantikapaion.
viii LIST OF PLATES
PLATE XXVI. Choisseul-Gouffier Apollo.
XXVII. Cassel statue of Apollo.
XXVIII. (a) Baracco head.
(i) Head of Apollo from Kyrenc.
XXIX. Transitional head in British Museum.
XXX. Bronze Apollo from Pompeii.
XXXI. Apollo in Museo delle Terme.
XXXII. Apollo from Olympian Gable.
XXXIII. Chatsworth bronze head of Apollo.
XXXIV. Apollo on Parthenon frieze.
XXXV. Apollo on pyxis in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg.
XXXVI. (a) Apollo on vase in Naples.
(/>) Apollo on gold cup in Bucharest.
XXXVII. Apollo receiving libation from Artemis, vase in Cabinet des
Medailles, Paris.
XXXVIII. Apollo on vase in Naples.
XXXIX. Apollo receiving libation from Artemis, vase in Ashmolean
Museum.
XL. Mausoleum head of Apollo.
XLI. Apollo Kitharoedos of Munich.
XLII. Apollo on the Mantinean basis.
XLIII. Tiezkiwicz bronze head.
XLIV. Apollo and Marsyas on vase in Naples.
XLV. Apollo Lykeios in Louvre.
XLVI. Pourtales head of Apollo.
XLVII. (a) Apollo from Tralles in Constantinople.
(6) Gem in possession of Dr. Arthur Evans.
XLVIII. Steinhauser head of Apollo.
XLIX. Apollo on the Pergamene frieze.
COIN PLATE A.
COIN PLATE B.
 THE
CULTS OF THE GREEK STATES
CHAPTER I
CULT OF POSEIDON
(References, pp. 73-97.)
T H E study of the Poseidon-cult in Hellas is of more value
for the Greek historian than for the student of the higher
religions of mankind. It lacks the spiritual and ethical
interest of some of the Olympian cults, and from the earliest
to the latest period Poseidon remains comparatively a back-
ward god, never intimately associated with the nation's
intellectual advance. But the ritual presents us with certain
facts of great interest. And early Greek ethnography and
the history of the earliest migrations of Hellenic tribes can
gather much from a minute inquiry into the diffusion of this
worship. Modern historians have become accustomed to use
the facts of Greek religion as a clue for their researches into
the period that precedes recorded history. But the criterion
is often misapplied, and the value of it is still occasionally
ignored. Much has still to be done in this branch of in-
quiry, and much may be effected if the evidence is severely
scrutinized according to some fixed principles of criticism, and
at the outset of this chapter it may be well to state and con-
sider some of these. The historian of the earliest period, if
he believes that he can extract anything from the religion
and the mythology, has to reckon with three sources of
possible evidence: with cult and ritual, with myth pure and
simple, and finally with genealogical tables. Now the value
of these sources is by no means equal. There appears to be
a growing tendency both in continental and in English
FARNELL. IV B
2 GREEK RELIGION [CHAP.

historical scholarship to exaggerate the value of the last of

these three. The unsupported argument from genealogies
may be considered of all arguments the most inconclusive; the
transmitters of these heroic family-trees were in most cases
very late scribes who may have been drawing indeed from
earlier authorities, but who were dealing with facts which
were especially exposed to various influences making for
falsification. And often the genealogies are so complex and
contradictory* that one can prove from them anything one
wishes, and to inspect them is like looking through a kaleido-
scope. On the other hand, when the genealogy is simple,
clear, and well attested it has a certain value as a clue. It
cannot yield proof unless it is fertilized by a prevailing stream
of myth, or corroborated by definite cult-associations or by
place-names. Again, the ethnographic value of mere mytho-
logy may easily be overstated, though the present reaction
against the contemptuous scepticism of a former generation is
wholesome and just. Myth is volatile and flies easily over
a wide area ; therefore the common possession of one or two
myths will not prove tribal affinity or even the contiguity of
tribes. A large store of common myths does indeed afford
cumulative evidence, especially when the myths are peculiar,
belonging rather to the by-paths of national legend. But
here also it is only when the myth is associated with actual
cult that the ethnographic argument arrives at proof. Cult is
more stable than myth and not so easily transmitted by mere
casual intercourse ; and we are dealing with more solid fact
here than in arguing from genealogies. But here also it is easy
to be misled. If we accepted, for instance, the theory that has
been held by recent writers b of monotheistic totemism, and
believed that every Greek tribe was in its earliest stage
totemistic and worshipped one god only, the totem-god, then
the possession by one community of various deities or the
common possession by different communities of the same
deity would prove some kind of tribal fusion, and it might

• Pausanias (8. 53, 5) complains oJ " By Dr. Jevons, for instance, in his
'EW^vaiv \6yoi Siacpopot rd wKiova nat Introduction to the Study of Religion.
oi>x ijxiaTa eiri rots fivioiv liat.
i] CULT OF POSEIDON 3
become a fairly easy task to reconstruct in outline the ab-
original history of Hellas. But for many reasons that cannot
be discussed here the theory is hard to accept. We have to
reckon rather with the probability that the main Hellenic
tribes, when they were beginning to break their way into the
Greek peninsula, already worshipped certain leading divinities
in common. Zeus-cult was certainly a joint-possession, prob-
ably the Apolline also. Nevertheless a particular community
undoubtedly tended to give a particular deity a paramount
position, for instance to regard him or her as the guardian of
their political union or as the ancestor of their families and
clans ; and thence we can sometimes discover a clue in tracing
migrations and early settlements. Again, the mere record
that a certain community worshipped Poseidon or Athena
may throw very little light on ethnic origins. But if the cult
is specialized by some peculiar title, such as Poseidon "ITTTUOS or
Qparpios, this may be a fact of considerable significance. Such
titles are rarely broadcast throughout the Greek states, but are
found sporadically and often seem to emanate from a par-
ticular centre. We cannot even in this case always assume
that these special cults have been propagated by a particular
community in the course of its migratory or colonizing move-
ments. An Apollo Pythios or a Demeter Eleusinia may
travel over a wide area of the Greek world merely through
the force of the influence of Delphi or Eleusis. Imitation
and direct borrowing by alien tribes are always possibilities.
But as explanations they are less appropriate when the cult
is highly specialized, has no marked intrinsic attractions, and
appears at points widely removed from each other. And
when at each of these points we find a migration-legend
pointing to a particular tribe that is known to have possessed
that cult, the ethnographic argument based on the cult and
the legend combined may become convincing.
This digression concerning method may be excused if one
can show that a rigid application of the tests which have
been described to the diffusion of Poseidon-cult throws light
on prehistoric migrations in Greece, especially of the Minyan
and Ionic tribes. Before, however, venturing on this discus-
Ba
4 GREEK RELIGION [CHAP.

sion, one must examine the leading features of the Poseidon-

worship as it is presented to us in the settled Hellenic period.
Looking first at the earliest literature, we find in Homer an
incomplete portrait of the god, drawn however in accordance
with contemporary cult. He belongs to the Olympian
dynasty, claiming equality with Zeus, having the sea allotted
as his realm ; he is friendly to the Thessalian Achaeans, and
especially to the Pylian family of Nestor, which took its origin
from him ; he is the giver of famous horses and is learned in
horsecraft; he is the father of monsters like Polyphemus, of
giants such as Otos and Ephialtes, a paternity which agrees
with his wild and stormy character ; he is evvoaiyaios and
evoaixQojv, the earthquake-god, the shaker of the land, the
destroyer of the rampart on the shore ; he is worshipped with
sacrifice of bulls, lambs, and boars, and even far inland an oar
might be erected as an aniconic ayaA/^ia in his honour 1> m a .
The legend mentioned by Homer that it was he who with
Apollo built the walls of Troy for Laomedon may be a faint
recognition of his character as a god of the city. As regards his
local associations we find the poet connecting him specially with
Aigai, the Euboean or ' Achaean' city 66 a, with Helike 66 a, and
with Pylos the Neleid settlement; finally the epithet 'EAIKWJHOS
is, as will be shown, of historic interest and importance 66 b .
To these Homeric citations may be added a passage in the
Homeric hymn 2 , in which the god is addressed as the stirrer
of earth and sea, the lord of Helikon and Aigai, charged by
the gods with the two functions of taming horses and saving
ships. In Pindar and Aeschylus we find him recognized as
a deity, not only of the sea, but of the rivers also and fresh
streams8. Lastly, the genial prayer of Aristophanes 3 sums
up most of the traits with which the popular imagination
depicted the god: ' Hail, King Poseidon, thou god of horses,
thou that lovest the tramp and neighing of the brazen-shod
steeds, the swift triremes with their dark-blue beaks of
onset, and the strife of youths who glory and suffer hardship
in the chariot-race, lord of the golden trident, and fosterer of
dolphins.'
The literature, however, here as in other cases, is not quite
i] CULT OF POSEIDON 5

a full reflection of the manifold nature of the cult, which must

now be considered. The maritime character of the god is
naturally the most prominent in the worship throughout the
historic period. And it seems clear that wherever men prayed
to Poseidon they associated him with the sea a , whatever other
functions they assigned to him. The cult-titles of the sea-
god 8 b are such as 'E-naKTaios at Samos, ITeXayios at Athens
and Rhodes, Ylerpaios in Thessaly, Tlovnos at Elateia and
Tainaron, ITo'pffyuos in Karpathos, TIpoo-Kkva-Tios in Argolis. A t
Antikyra his cult-image was carved with one foot on a
dolphin 3 4 ; in his Isthmian temple at Corinth he was grouped
with the sea-powers Thalassa, Amphitrite, and Palaimon 6 5 ;
the dolphin and the trident are his frequent emblems on coins,
for instance in the Laconian towns of Boiai and Gythion c2d > f ,
in Kaphyai of Arcadia 6415 , in Sybaris and Posidonia 107>108.
Occasionally a sea-monster or pistrix is added as on the coins
of Posidonia: and the trident was borne by the men of
Mantinea as an ensign on their shields64*1, whereby they put
themselves under the protection of the chief god of their stock.
In his ritual the victims are occasionally thrown into the
sea m > 1 1 4 c. Numerous promontories and maritime cities are
named after him, and the worship of the sea-god penetrated
far inland 64 d> 97. The salt-water spring or lake found some-
times far from the shore was naturally regarded as the gift of
Poseidon and the sign of his presence, whereby he might claim
the land as his own, as he claimed the Acropolis of Athens in
the strife with Athena and marked the territory of Mantinea b
and Mylasa as his property 64 d.
But he was also Kprivovxos and NvixQayiTris, the leader of the
Nymphs, the god of fresh water: though he was never able to
absorb the special cults of the various rivers and springs, such
as Alpheios, Acheloos, and Arethusa. A question, not per-
haps of the first importance, arises here whether his function

a
Wide, Lakonische Kulte, pp. 40-43, in relief on the bronze figure of Athena
finds little recognition of the sea-god in Chalcioikos at Sparta by Gitiadas).
b
the Laconian cult of Poseidon, but vide At Mantinea even a grove of oaks
my references R. 62 b , and cf. Paus. 3. near the temple of Poseidon was called
17, 3 (Poseidon and Amphitrite carved irfaayos, R. 6^.
6 GREEK RELIGION [CHAP.

as a fresh-water god arose later from his primitive maritime

character, or whether we should regard him as originally a
water-deity in the most general sense, whose department
tended to become specialized when his worshippers became
seafarers. This will be the natural view of his development
for those who believe—as the most advanced etymology
appears justified in believing—in the connexion of the god's
name with the root that appears in irocris, TTOTOV, in>Tap.6s.
If this theory is sounda, an important result follows:
Poseidon was a fresh-water god imported into Greece by the
earliest Hellenic tribes from the Balkan peninsula. In any
case evidence of a pre-Hellenic or non-Aryan character,
which some writers detect in him, appears to be lacking
altogether, unless the female administration of his cult of
which we have two instances is to be regarded as evidence.
Leaving these questions we can at least decide that the
recognition of Poseidon as a god of fertilizing streams was
early and general. It was thus that he became a god ot
vegetation, (/>urdA/zios, a title which Plutarch attests was
attached to him in most Greek cults, and which we find in
the cults of Athens 45 », Troezen68 d, and Rhodes U5. The
firstfruits of the season were offered to him at Troezen58 a ;
we hear of cereal offerings to Poseidon Xa/xaiC^Aoy at
Athens 45 *, and the people of Kyzikos were bidden by the
Delphic oracle to associate him in sacrifice with Trj Kap-no-
4>6posse. If we can trust Hesychius, Poseidon had his share
in the Dionysiac festival of the Uporpvyaia in some commu-
nities b. For the same reason we find him not infrequently
united in legend and ritual with Demeter. At Mykonos a
sacrifice of swine to the goddess0 was ordained on the same

a
Ahrens goes further and interprets ing the statement in Herodotus that
Iloaet-Sibv as the ' Water-Zeus,' Philol. Poseidon was not a ' Pelasgic' name,
23. 1 &c. Mr. Cook, in an article in but a Libyan. We may believe on his
Class. Rev. 1903, p. 175, follows Sonne authority that there was a similar
in explaining Ilotru as locative, and the Libyan cult of a water-deity (2. 50,
name as = the god in the water; but 4. 188).
this does not seem to agree with the •> Vide Dionysos, R. 45'.
c
usual laws of formation of Greek proper Vide Demeter, R. 9.
names. We have no means of check-
i] CULT OF POSEIDON 7
day of the month of Poseidon as that on which a white ram was
offered to Poseidon Te/nei/frqs,' the god of the temenos,' and a
white lamb to Poseidon *J/I«OS113 a. According to Eustathius,
a irofiTrri in his honour was part of the Demeter-festival of the
Haloa at Eleusis18, and he shared in the honours paid to the
mother and the daughter at an altar on the sacred way from
Athens 49. His temple at Troezen, where he was prominent as
a deity of vegetation, was contiguous to that of Demeter
Thesmophorosa. The facts therefore attest to some extent
the truth of Plutarch's statement that Poseidon was A^ixrirpos
crvvvaos, the sharer of Demeter's temple b. Finally, in Arcadian
legend his close association with the corn-goddess gives rise to
important questions of cult and ethnography which will be
soon considered.
We must take note then of this vegetative function of
Poseidon's, but must not press it into undue prominence; most
Greek deities possessed it, and many in a far more marked
degree. He acquires it solely as a water-god, and never attracts
to himself the ordinary characteristics of a chthonian divinity0.
We find other notions of some interest that are derived
from this elemental conception of him. The earthquake was
regarded as the operation of Poseidon, the water-god. That
this was an ancient idea the poetical epithets of iwoo-iyaios
and ivocrl.)(do!>v, stereotyped by the time of Homer, bear witness.
The one cult-title that undoubtedly refers to this dangerous
aspect of the god, was the euphemistic appellative 'Ao-^dAto?
or 'Aa-(pd\eios. Macrobius couples it with tvoviyfiov, and the
' deum terram stabilientem ' with the ' deum terram moven-
tem V The story told by Strabo proves that he was right;
for the Rhodians, when they recovered from their terror at the
maritime volcanic eruption, which threw up a new island
between Thera and Therasia, ventured to land there and
founded a temple to Poseidon 'Ao-(f>d\wsS2\ There was
strong need for such a worship in the Mediterranean, as the
submergence of Helike proved—a portentous calamity in the
fourth century which was attributed to the wrath of Poseidon.
We may find the same significance then in the same cult at
a b c
Vide Demeter, R. 80. Demeter, 42*. Vide infra, p. 51.
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(Scathorough jet zone 7-176 —Arthur R photo Stanley Mlfg h 1060A
Kingston rd (Bch C) G® 4232 — B wrapper A & P r 148 Castlefield
av —Ben elect h 266 Euclid av —Bernice (wid iiV C) h 305, 1535
Bathurst (' Wych) — (Beverly J tchr Plains Rd Pub Schl h 114
Llnnsmore cres (E Y) GL 3847 —Bros (Frank H & R Baker Leslie) sht
mtl wks 329% Coxwell av HO 2713 —Carl E mach h 422 Mortimer av
(E Y) HA 6760 — Chas C flremn .Stn 22 h 533 Kingston rd GR 4963
— Olias F mech Richmond Oil Co r 295 Kennedy av —•Chas M city
sis mgr (Chev Olds) General Motors Products h 215 Glenview av MO
2737 — Chas W lecturer Victoria Unlv h 5 Roe av MA 4801 —
Christina h 63, 2 Glen Elm av HU 8939 — Clara Mrs h 6 Dublin —
Clifford C elk Gas Co r 228 Hamilton — Dani (Mademoiselle’s Beauty
Salon) r '596 Mt Pleasant rd MA 1051 —David j marine engnr CSL h
123 Victor av HA 2386 — David W lab Dept of Wks h 209 Withrow
av — Donald E acct Imp Oil h 157 Welland av HY 38158 — Dorothy
sis elk Eatons r 22 Rivercourt blvd (E Y) — Dress Shoppe (D Leslie)
ladies wear 964% Bloor w — ‘Duncan R emp Way Sagless Spring h
27 Eastmount av HA 3261 — E Miss elk Dom of Oan Genl Ins res
(Scarborough Bluffs —Edith M r 2, 8'33 College ME 4625 —(Edith M
suprvsr OPR Tel h 9, 167 Wydhwood av — Edwd trav R Daidlaw
Lumber r 243 Brock avenue —Edwd M insp Radio Div Dept Tran'sp h
46 Crewe av (E Y) Leslie Electric Co (Wm H Leslie) elect contr 74
Grange av WA 4'91!9 — Eliene r 17 Donino (Nth Yk) HU 5719 —
‘Elizth (By 'Killa.rney Tea Room) b 79 Huntley KI 4567 —Elizth C elk r
63 Colbeck LY 7468 — Elizth H emp Goodyear Tire r 256 Birmingham
(New T) — ‘Elizth M h 151 Eglinton av e HY 75(27 — Emerson J
mach De Havilland Aircraft h 148 Castlefield av HU 2847 — Emma h
367 Avenue rd Mil 9063 — Emma hsekpr 32 Clarendon av MI 2261
— .Eunice sec Honey Dew Ltd r 295 Kennedy rd LY 7872 — Eva
typist Direct-Winters r 124 Close av KI 6238 —(Evelyn r 534
Parliament — .Evelyn (wid Riclid) h 09 .St 'Clair av E RA 8911 —
Ewen C H acct A & Ft 220 Cleiyienan av JU jS739 — (Fanny .(wid
Frank) h 176 Gowan av (iE Y) — Florence h 266, 1520 Bathurst
(Wydh) —Frank h 16 Macey av ((Soar) — Frank mach opr r 534
Parliament —Frank H (Leslie Bros) h 267 Bain av GE 1617 — Frank J
elk Leslie Bros r 830 Carlaw av HA 3571 —Frank L with Tor Hydro h
65 Amroth av GR 6762 — Frank S (Frank S Leslie & Co) h 62 •Old
Forest Hill rd (Fst H) HY 1757 — Frank S & Co (Frank S Leslie) stock
brkrs 1st fir, 364 Bay EL 8461 —(Fredk r _J52 Gladstone av — Geo A
elect engnr h 238 Grenview blvd (Kngswy Pk) LY 8528 —(Geo H h
26 First av GE 1498 (act ser) — Geo H dec li '523 .Soudan av MA
5696 — 'Gertrude Mrs stenog h 304, 387 Sherbourne BA 8667 —
Gordon B stenog W E Dillon r 69 St Clair av e RA 8811 - — Grove
Park after H'56% Queen e — IH Thomson mng dir Mining Research
Corp Ltd h 51 Haiwarden cres (Fst H) MO 4922 — Harold app compg
rm Batons r 316 Dovercourt rd — Harry r 13 Kane av (Silv) — Harry
stkpr Eatons h 1'84 Douglas av HU 2326 — Harry E h 1669 Bathurst
.(Fst H) - Harry T pntr & dec r 534 Parliament — Haughton E asst
passgr Oar Dlstrlbtr CNR r 57 Oriole rd — Helen sis elk Eatons r 41
Ferrier av — Helen Mrs stock elk .Richard Hudnut r 2 Shamrock av
(Long B) — Helen (wid Walter) h 52 Radford av LL 3394 — Henry h
762 Gladstone av — Henry T deer Board of Educ h 534 Parliament
RA 8765 —Hilda M L (wid Harold) h 361 St Johns road —Howard G
electro Rapid Grip & Batten h 81 Newmarket av —Isabel tchr U of T
h 246A Avenue rd RA 8897 —Isabel Mrs asm'blr Dom Elect Mfg h
369 Carlton — Isabelle sec Parker Fountain Pen Co Ltd res Oakville
— 'Ivor M elk Mohawk Radio Co h 529 iSammon av (E Y) GE 3302 —
J bus dept Telegram res Wexford —Jack r 5'7 Indian trail —Jack serv
mgr Samuel (Motors Ltd res Rosebank —Jas h 96 St David (act ser)
— Jias emp Can Packers h 75 Victor av —Jas emp RIOAF h 6
(Somers av (E Y) HA 4377 — Jas ml porter PO h 137 Day av (Erls) —
Jas E trnmn CPR h 191 Deloralne av HU 5041 —Jas F hoisting engnr
Geo Fuller Co of Can h 12 Applegrove av GL 2766 —Jas W baker
Christie Brown r 269 Withrow av —Jean elk Candn Genl Ins r 191
Deloralne av HU 5641 —Jean nurse D (Leslie Mackenzie r 6 Lincoln
av —John carp r 64.2 Ontario RA 7325 — John emp Coleman Lamp
h 126 Springdale blvd (E Y) —John A dhairmn Scar Public Utilities
Commn h Midland av ((Scarborough Bluffs zone 7-174) — John A sis
dept A R Williams Madhy Ih 231 Nanton av MI 2643 — John A
polisher h 259 Pacific av JU 8660 — John E A acct Bank of Montreal
(2234 Queen e) h 21 .SummerhiU av KI 9963 — John J exp 69
McKenzie ores LL 4983 h same LL 7900 — Jchn L serv mgr Samuel
Motors h 9, 6 Walker av KI 6514 — John M elk Bank of Mont (Tor Br)
h 149 Highboume rd HY 3668 — John M sis engnr Candn
Westinghouse h 23 Baby Point rd (iH Crest) LY 1636 • — John R A
research engnr Ont Hydro r (23 Baby Point rd (IH Crest) LY 1636 —
Jos attdt Moore Service Station h 117 Northcote av — Katharine M.rs
ir 98 Walmer rd MI 4262 —862 
 Leslie Kathleen nurse Ih 4, 49 Murray IEL 6.049 — ‘Katie
Mrs h 8:8 Argyle —Kay emp Ter Genl Hosp r 75 Breadalbane RA
7*43 - — L Dorothy slsldy Eatons r 22 Rivercourt blvd (E Y) Ha
052.3 — Laura r 7®3 College ME 2956 — Leonard A elk Famous
Players ih 340A Beresford av LlY 1478 — Lillian (wld John) h 39
Howland cd HA 3212 — Lionel A foremn Rogers-Majestic r 634
Sammon av (.E Y) —Louis (White Dot Hamburger) r 464 Euclid av —
Lucy Mrs h 142 Riverdale av GE 6*26 — MaJbel casli Arthur G Hill r
113 St Johns rd — 'Madeline J typist Tor Genl Trusts r I960 Gerrajd e
HA 4843 —Margt r 483 Brock av LO 8201 — Margt, stenog Samuel
Sou & Co r 208 Poplar Plains rd —•Margt (wid Henry) r 17 Beachdale
av (iScar) — 'Margt. M M pckr Christie Brown r 112 Browning av
—.Marjorie B emp Oandn .Brewing Co r 23 iBahy Point rd (H Crest)
LY 1636 — .Martha (wid Geo E) h 282 St George KI 7786 - — Mary
lndrs Royal York Hotel r 88 Argyle —•Mary tlrs h 319 Glediiill av (E Y)
— Mary W h 63 Colheck HY 7408 — Mary W acct Kilmer Landriau
Rumball •Gordon & Beatty r 63 Col.beek LY 740.8 ■ — .Matilda I h
332 Beresford av LY 1474 —Mattie B elk Warwick Bros r 381
Lansdowne av ME 6994 • — May prsr Eatons r 6 Somers av —.Muriel
(wld J K) fa 36 St Andrews gdns — 'Myrtle tchr Keele .St Schl h 15
Idyllwood cres LY 1684 — Norma M sis elk McColl-Frontenac r 1060
'Gerrard e HA 4843 —Norman shpr Grinnell Co h 141 Seaton WA
4177 — Norman A foremn A E Jmpp Construction res Scarborough
Bluffs — Norman G hrdwre 1060 Gerrard e h Game 1HA 4843 —
Norman R staty engnr Royal York Hotel h .69 Bastedo av HO 6906 —
Normal A r 1862 Gerrard e GR 7975 (act service) — Olive developer
Imperial Photo Service r 223 Hamilton — Peter despatcher R E
Sayles Transport Ltd h 2 Shamrock av (Long B) — Peter J furnace
repr man Peas Heating h 16 Suffolk RA 6620 — Phyllis sec
McLaughlin Johnston Moorhead & Macaulay r 386 Main n (Wstn) —
Press (John Alexander) prntrs 113 St Patrick AD 0768 —.Ralph B
pilot Dom Skyways Malton h 169, 266o Bloor (Kngswy Pk) LY 9831 -
— Richd B (.Leslie Bros) h 8(30 Carlaw av HA 31571 — .Richd F emp
Atlas Asbestos h 753 Brock av — Robt emp De Havilland Aircraft r
752 Gladstone av — Robt 'R pres and .mgr 'Can 'Cartage System Ltd
h 72 Hillcrest dr LIL 4991 —Roger E vice-pres asst mgr Can Cartage
System Ltd h 7'6 Harvard av LA 9686 — iRov attdt. Sunoco Gas
Station r 142 Riverdale av GE 6806 —Roy radio serv O K Service
Store h 39 Oakcrest av GR 0104 — Rupert M jr emp Rupert M Leslie
r 22 Rivercourt blvd (E Y) HA 0523 —Rupert M heating contr 22
Rivercourt blvd (E Y’) h same HA 0523 —.Russell J h 878 Cosburn av
(E Y) GR 1949 (act ser) — Ruth E stenog Tor Genl Hosp r 69 St Clair
av e RA .81911 —Sadie r 206 Balsam av — Sadie (wld Robt) slsld.v
Roguls Ladles Wear h 163 Dunn av LL : 367.fi —.Sami W phy 398
Bloor w KI 9760 h 157 Lytton blvd HIT 3.331 — iSt Public Schl M
Mclver prill 264 Leslie HA 2858 — TPhos h 90 Vanauley — >Thos
bakers hlpr Gordy’s Bake Shop r 138 Park Lawn rd — (Thos mech
TTC res Willowdale — Thos J press asst Photo Engravers h 1012
Gssington av — .Virginia V Mrs stenog CPR Frt. h 316 Dovercourt rd
LO .816213 — -Walter J foremn County Roads Dept County of York h
17 Donino (Nth Y) HU 5719 — IWm h 56 Macdonald (Mini) ph N T
80 (act seT) — Wm t 5158 Greenwood av (act ser) — IWm h .10
Marlow av (E Y) GL 1339 — Wm orderly Tor Hosp for Incurables r
same LA 2897 — (Wm porter Victoria Univ ih 2.28 Hamilton — (Wm
A elect E L Ruddy h 223 Hamilton — HVm A mgr Ayenst McKenna &
'Harrison Ltd h 51 Strath av (Kngswy Pk) JU 6T40 — Wm G h 841
Euclid av KE 952)9 (act ser) — (Wm H (Leslie Electric Co) h 12
Norma ores JU 1937 ■ — Wm H advtg writer MacLean Pub Co h 43
Pine (Wstn ph 664W) Leslie Wm .H ea,pt Fire Stn .15 h 28 Wright av
LL 15434 — ‘Wm H mech Packard -Ont Motor h 230 .Sutherland dr
(Leas) MA 5044 — .Wm J .h 70 Howland .av MIE 2(265 (act ser) —
‘Wm J bellman Royal York Hotel r 88 Argyle — CGE r 9 Sorauren av
LA 9362 — Russell emp Bel! Tel r 39 Aldridge av HO 8003 Lett Bessie
Mrs slsldy Eatons r 16 Isabella KI 5913 — Celia S (wid F A) r 10
Connaught circle .('Wych) ME 7797 — .Fredk C ins dept mgr R B
Rice & Sons ■h • 169 Gilbert av KE 9916 — Kenyon h 87 St
Clements av MA 4363 — ISaml engnr CPR h 18, 2 Maplewood av
OWych) LA 9496 — Stephen r 87 St Clements av MA 4363 (act ser)
— W Ralph genl mgr Consolidated Optical (Co Ltd h 8 Devere gdns
(Nth Y) HY 6188 Letta Robt jan Royal Trust Bldg r 63 Coady av
Lettau Edwd A sawyer Diamond State Fibre r 7 Dawson av HA 0336
—Edwd L W drill opr Diamond State Fibre b 7 Dawson av HA 0336 —
Frank O night elk Honey Dew h 68 Twenty-ninth (Long B) — Herbt F
elk Cities Service Oil h 30 Craigburst av MO 51(56 — Ruth L ldgrkpr
Royal Bank (Bloor & Bathurst) r 112 London ME 6341 —(Walter p c
S'tn 3 h 12 Slade av LO 6£>9,0 — (Wm C r 112 London JEE 61341
— IWm H emp Bell Tel h 8 Sunnybrook rd .(IS wan) LY 2425 — Wm
H C electro Eatons h 112 London ME 6341 Letteau Carl j h 135
Hammersmith av HO 8073 • — Chas recorder Dom Elect Protection r
6(8 Twenty-ninth (Long B) — Earl recorder Dom Elect Proctectlon r
'68 Twenty-ninth ('Long B) —(Walter B warehsemn Bowes Co r 135
Hammersmith av HO 8073 Letten Ernest photo Photo Engravers h 10
Rosebury av (Fst H) Letter Shop Supply Co (Arthur H Denby & L 0
McMullen) duplicating machines >& supplies 54 Adelaide e WA 3572
Lettercraft Mall Service (A Ethel Smith) 680-1, 67 Yonge E.L 2561
Letterio Biagio shoe shine grd fir, 6S Yonge h 69 Elm — Donato lab h
154 Chestnut — John press hip Photo Engravers h 402 Euclid av
Lettington Geo h 94 Gifford (act. ser) LettneT Walter E slsmn Imp Oil
h 789 Millwood rd (Leas) HY' 2316 Lettore Jas R emp Gerrard Hotel r
32 Metcalfe Alphabetical, White Page 863
 LET LETTS Lotts A lab Boake Mnfg r 186 Albany av —
Arthur (P Latex Dept Roller Viceroy Mfg r 62b Dovercourt rd LA 2.36
3 — (Harold mech Gutta Percha h 6 2'0 Dovercourt rd LA 2363 —
John automatic plant attdt (ON Tel r 467 Jarvis MI 0724 Lettson Burt
trk drvr Simpsons r 373 ■Sackville — Jos r 373 Sackville Letture
Harry lab li ,3 Gildersleeve pi Letturneau Alice (wid Walter) h 24
Harris av.enue —Arthur emp Goodyear Tire r 165 Dowling av LA
6(536 — Walter R vvldr Dufferiu Shipbuilding h ’243 Coleridge av (tE
Y) Lettish Katherine prsr Maple Leaf Clnrs & Dyers r 7(35 Richmond
w Letvack Philip violinist Tor Symphony h 4183 Montrose av LO 6164
Letvenuk Wm spinner York Knitting Mills ■r 87 Augusta av Letytoh
Audro grinder Sully Brass Foundry t 312 'Symington av Leu-chars
Wm M mgr Candn (Bag Co Ltd h 1670 Avenue rd n MO 7758 Leung
Ohan Gow ('Sam Wo) h 636 Yonge —Law Indrymn Geo Sam r 2083
Yonge IBY 120S Leuschner Margt emp Bell Tel r 8, I14-1I6A Yonge
MA 5780 Leuty Arthur elk to 31 Belsize dr IHY i8ili65 — (Henry D
dentist 4, 90 Danforth av G(E 47618 h 317 Rosemary rd (Fst H) HY
6907 — J H Stanley tchr Weston Coll & Vocational Schl to 240
Church (Wstn ph 780J) Lev Ber production mgr & cham Vitagrane
Foods Ltd r 2S Borden MI 5784 — Izzy h 263 Markham KI 680(6 —
Jacob Rev h 255 Beatrice LA 4935 — (Wm chemical engnr h 28
Borden MI 5784 Levac Alice emp Corrugated Paper Box r 344
Queensdale av (E Y) HIO 30194 — Armand carmn CNR Leaside Shop
h 2, 690 Danforth av — (Henry r 3'44 Queensdale av (E Y) HO 8094
(act ser) ■ — Isadore h 876 Lansdowne av ME 5564 — Isidore
assembly Prest-O-fLlte r 365 Delaware av — J Odilon carp h 344
Queensdale av (E Y) HO 8094 Levack Alex h 25 High Park av JU
674.8 — Alex h 172 MoRoherts av KE 2367 — (Chas btehr Sinclair A
Levack r 23 Lauder av LL 7732 — lOhristina H r 35(9 .St 'Clarens av
(ME 0703 — (Donald H h 507 Riverside dr (H Crest) JU 6368 —
Dorothy pekr Diamond Cleanser r 36 iRockvale av (Fibk) — ‘Earl hlpr
Can Foils r 322 Dufferin —(Ethel M r 519 Roxton rd KE 8476 —
Evelyn stenog Purch Dept CNR r 24 Edna av LL 51317 — Gordon
stock handler Burt Business Forms h 9 Avon cres (Mt D) — Jas H
stmftr h 369 S't Clarens av ME 0703 — Katherine Mrs r 49 Robert
(Mim) — ILilltan iG (wid. Vernon) r 36 Humberview rd ((H Crest) LY
6514 — 'Margt (wid Wm) h 24 Edna av LL 5317 —(Marion nurse r
246 Riverdale av (HA 2445 — Olive r 25 High Park av JU 6748 —
Sinclair A btehr 138 Hallam LL 1512 h 28 Lauder av LL 7732 —
.Walter F mach h 322 Dufferin Le Van Jas S slsmn h 829 Manning av
LO 5476 — (Won E sis rep Bathurst Power & Paper (Co Ltd h 14)4
.Balmoral ,av KI .9.151 Levandoski Thos emp Can Packers h 74
Mitchell av Levant Allen h 402 Palmerston av ME 7823 Levantis
Steven chef Letros Restaurant h 35 y2 Holly —Steven jr emp Rayner
Constr r 35% Holly — Wm pntr Hyland Motors r 35% Holly
Le’fasseur Jos A mgr Hoad’s Meat & Groceries h 414 Wellesley —
Norman A tnsmth Danforth Sheet Metal r 414 Wellesley Levat Annie
Mrs r 93 Beatrice ME 1680 Lev-ear Geo r 119 Sixth ((New T) — Geo
C emp Goodyear Tire h 119 Sixth (New T) Levetth Leo clnr St
Michael’s Hosp r 61A Hayden Leveeque Ernest E service stn 2343
Eglinton av w (Frbk) KE 7601 h 235 Queensdale av (E Y) — Margt
stenog Dodds Mfg Co h 652% Yonge Leveen Harry barber Harry Lee
r 653 College Leveille Euphemia Mrs r 52 Ohesterhlll rd GE 5484
Leveiller Donat btehr (Can Packers h 160 Howard av HA 4868 —
Elsie M table wkr Dorn Paper Box r 197 Floyd av (IE Y) GE 3934 —
(Geo carp h 510 Queen e — (Paul hardwood fir layer Laidlaw Lumber
(Co h 197 Floyd av (E Y) GE 3934 Leveitt Lewis opr Candn Felt Hat
Co r 78 St Patrick Leveley John with Can Carbon & Ribbon r 499
Queen e LeVely Florence r 53 Reed — Fredk r 244 Parliament • —
Robt G r 58 Reed (act ser) — Sanford r 46 Vamauley Levenson Annie
Mrs tlrs hlpr Tip Top Tailors r 611A College ME 2768 —Isaac h 3, 481
Palmerston av KE 98(92 — Morris jwlr Excellent Jewellery Co r 3,
‘481 Palmerston av KE 9892 — (Oscar elk Royal Can Tobacco Co r 85
Baldwin EL 6526 Levenspiel Abraham h 504 Crawford LO 4177
Levenstadt Sami mlnr G & G Hat h 163 Major KI 0184 — ISol
(Rusholme Cigar Store) h 1328 Dundas w ME 9551 Levenstein Sami
(Premier House Furnishings) h 10(3 Beatrice ME 8932 Levenston
Anne (wid Fredk J) li 2, 21 Claxton blvd .(Wych) LO 5031 — Gerald F
r 2, 2i Claxton blvd (Wych) LO 50'31 (act ser) Leventhal Harry S
pmtr Acme Paper Co h 238 Beatrice ME 7941 Leveque Philippe P
mgr The Reece Machinery Co of Can Ltd h 60 Humber Trail (H Crest)
LY 3667 ♦Lever, see also Laver and Leaver — Agnes r 451 Maytbank
av JU 83116 — Agnes hsekpr r 90 Concord av LO 6565 — Bonnie
sec-treas Colonial Footwear Ltd to 3, 170 Jameson av LA 413134 —
(Bros Gift Shop W H Gill mgr, 116 Yonge WA 6886 LEVER BROTHERS
LIMITED, GAS Nairn President, Manufacturers of Rinso, Sunlight,
Lux, Lifebuoy, Lux Toilet Soap and Glycerine, and Edible
(Shortenings, 299 Eastern av, s-e comer Don River, Phone GLadstone
3521 — Building 2 99 Eastern av —(Cyril filing elk Genl Accident
Assce r 304 Scarborough rd — Eva opr Lady Anne Frocks r 504
Crawford — Fred L engnr Dept Property h 119 Albe'rtus av MO 2964
—‘Geo A h 2'58 Withrow av HA 2458 —.Harold (Harold Lever Co) h
785 Queen w AD 9724 —Harold Co (Harold Lever & A W East-bury)
dresser wear sets & military sets •3rd fir, 74 Wellington w EL 5680
LEVER HAROLD S, Secretary-Treasurer Geo McMurrlch (Sons Limited,
h 484 Roselawn avenue, Phone HUdson 6862 — Harry carp -
Simpsons r 137 Dundas e — ‘Harvey A chart acct Jenkins & Hardy h
136 Elderwood dr (Fst H) HY 5872 —Jas H h 1847% Lake Shore
(Long B zone 6-512 — Jeane insp Stanley Mfg r 248 Cedarvale av (E
Y) „ — John F shpr Anaconda Amer Brass h 59 Chelsea av LL 3408
—John P carp to 62 .Ellsworth av LO 78811 — Loleta bench wkr W &
J Mitchell r 311 Jones av —(Mary soda fountain Liggetts r 212
Withrow av GL 2337 _ Matthew F carp h 572 Concord av LL 99*7i2
—Max trk drvr h 2-76A ‘George —Pauline M stenog North Brit &
Mercantile Ins r 304 Scarborough rd —Reuben A slsmn Grand & Toy
li 364 (Scarborough rd —Thos blrmkr Loco Shops CPR h 65
McCormack av (Mt D) JU 5777 —Thos W wl'dr Plate & Structural
Steel r 65 McCormack av (Mt D) JU 5777 — Wilfred carp h 1, 77-3A
Lake Shore rd (New T) _ — Wm (Dorval Meat Market) h 9o Edna av
LL 0217 „ , „ , —>&. Hoskin (Harvey A Lever & J Frank Hoskin) chart
accts 130(5, 44 Victoria EL 9131 Levere Daisy labeller W & A Glllbey
r 119 Sixth (New T) Leverett Beatrice E sec Osier (Hoskin & Harcourt
h 202A, 112 Tyndall av ME '8247 —Lillian opr Annette Dresses r 197
Westminster av LO 6(983 —Wilfred B store mgr Mossm-an’s r 194
Springdale blvd (E Y) HO 9455 Leveridge Albt W credit mgr Jas
Crldland i gr 'Sons Ltd h 32 Kippendavie av HA 1143 Leverington
Martha M slsldy Eatons r 40 Pauline av Leverman Kafhaleen emp
Natl Leather Gds r 988 Dovercourt rd KE 1238 Leverton Arthur G
vutcanizer West Toronto Tire & Battery r 135 MacLean av — Edwd h
1560IC Yonge — Gladys acct Candn Finance Co r 1560C Yonge —
Gordon E service man West Toronto Tire & Battery h 135 MacLean
av Leverton Jas W supt (Belle Villa Apts h 262(8, !96-10f9 Lippincott
Ml -03i98 ♦Leverty, see also Laverty —Adeline
 Levine Max mining engnr North Huron Mines h 22 , 320
Lonsdale rd .(Fst H) —Max uphol Star Bedding r 444 Shaw —
Maxwell (Blue Eagle Cleaners ,& Tailors) h 968 Gerrard e GL 4242 —
Minnie opr J L Jacobs ,r 167 Grace —Morris r 15 Ross KI 0405 —
Morris plstr h 206 Bellwoods av WA 9291 —Morris pres Belt Mfg Co
of Can Ltd h 7 Old Park rd (Fst H) HU 6492 —Muriel sec Tor
Cadmium Plating r 690 Crawford LL 4S63 —Murray btchr 877
Dundas w —Murray buyer Allen Stores h 14 Castle View av MI 5529
— Murray shpr Tip Top Tailors r 690 Crawford LL 4863 —Oscar r 206
Bellwoods av WA 9291 —fPhilip carp h 85 Major KI 88'74 — Phillip
(Capitol Shoe Findings Co) h 375 Crawford LL 8755 — Phillip
(Hollywood Men’s Wear) r 318 Markham —Phillip foremn Sterling
Cap & Pant Co h 181 Vaughan rd (Wych) LA 9845 —Polly Mrs h 237
Beverley MI 9568 —Rachel Mrs r 7 Wales av AD 2974 — Rose r 96S
Gerrard e GL 4242 — Rose bkpr r 270 Robert KI 2907 — Ruth emp
Weber’s r 477 Roxton rd KE 7715 —Sami (Capitol Shoe Findings Co)
r 43 Turner Td LO 7583 — Sami (Trafalgar Rubber Co) h 22 D’Arcy
WA 0253 — Sami fruit 820 Dundas w h same WA '95112 —Sami opr
Master-Bilt Clothes h 477 Roxton rd KE 7715 • — Sami opr West
Candn Fur Co Ltd r 169 Queen e AD 6553 — ISaml Ornamental iron
wks 22-26 Euclid av h 26 same AD 976:9 — Sami professor U of T r
723 Palmerston av LO 7430 — Sami shpr Pullans h 702A College ME
7539 —Sami tlr Tip Top Tailors h 1283% St Clair av w LL 8454 —
Sami F elk Jos Adler h 102 Brunswick av MI 781S —Sarah (wid
Moses) h 458A Grace ME 45.17 — Saul (Capitol Shoe Findings Co) h
30 Concord av KE 0100 — Saul J (Betty Jane Shoes) h 4S7 Spadina
rd (Fst H) HU 6197 — Shepard mgr Levine Bros h 56 Yarmouth Td
ME 4163 — Shirley Mrs r 2 Halton LL 5853 — Sidney mus h 422
Euclid av MI 2137 — Simmie bkpr r 270 Robert KI 2907 — Sol bkpr r
169 Queen e AD 6553 —Solly pltry dir h 223 Augusta av WA 5235 —
^Solomon opr Tip Top Tailors h 239 Brunswick av KI 0480 — Wm
(Levine Bros) h 131 Bellwoods av WA 9392 — Wm baster Pioneer
Tailors h 37 Major KI 9091 — Wm chart acet. 308-9 , 414 Bay AD
3834 r 121% Palmerston av WA 0596 — Wm G pnt-r Cohn &
Rosenberger r 41 Cosburn av (E Y) HA 8690 Levlnne David sis mgr
Superior Cloak Co Ltd h 112 Braemore gdns LA 8477 — Florence G r
112 Braemore gdns LA 8477 Levins Irving (Ideal Printing Co) h
201B, 205 Vaughan rd (Wych) ME 3708 Levinsky Alex ins agt 4B, 33-
43 Adelaide w r 343 Markham KI 4506 — Bessie opr Cook Clothing r
9, 69 Baldwin — David pntg contr 210A Parliament h same EL 2630
— Lena Mrs h B, 49 Denison av —Ralph h 52 Cecil MI 6239 —
Rebecca (wid Morris) r 70 Niagara AD AD 0616 — Wm V prsr Oxford
Tailors h 55 Cambridge av GE 5832 — !& 'Shapiro (Jos iShapiro) junk
dlrs 70 Niagara AD 0616 Levinson Aaron sec Jewish Schls r 34 Cecil
KI 6370 — Abraham A caretkr Workmen’s Circle h 15 Henry MI 4317
— Carol stenog Candn Jewish Review Pub Co r 3, 481 Palmerston av
— Ohas tlr h 22 Bellevue av EL 2997 — Elliot asst mgr Tip Top
Tailors h 15, 1648 Bathurst (Cedarvale) MO 3847 — Harry prsr
(Shifter -Hillman h 72 Wales av AD 2582 — Harry slsmn r 1218A
Bloor w LL 4452 —Irving r 431 Grace ME 1754 — Jacob fruit 201
Baldwin h 199 A same WA 1514 — John emp Lazar’s h 596 Rushton
rd (Cedarvale) KE 0117 — Lazar pres Lazar's Lunch Ltd h 615
Lonsdale rd (Fst H) KE 5802 — Lena (wid Morris) h 431 Grace ME
1754 —Max W slsmn Way Sagless Springs h 75 Elderwood dr (Fst H)
HY 6633 — 'Murray elk Candn Shoe (Store r 12 18 A Bloor w LL
4452 — Neville supt M Wintrob & Sons h 8, 670 St Clair av w KE
7651 — Rossa (wid Louis) (Madame Rosalind) h 1218A Bloor w LL
4452 — Ruth Mrs sec Cohen & Rutenberg r 670 St Clair av w
Levinstein Chas (Elect Supply Co) h 104 Beverley WA 6S62 Levinter
Bertha Mrs h 410, 396 Avenue rd RA 6623 — Isadore KC (Factor,
Luxenberg, Levinter 6 Grossberg) and (Luxenberg & Levinter) res
Weston Way Farm (Wstn) — Jacob furniture 1167-1173 Bloor w h
1167 same ME 4320 — Manuel slsmn Way Sagless Springs h 1707
Bathurst (Fst H) MO 3380 — Mfg Co (Sydney Winters) lamp & shade
mfg 2409 Dundas w LL 8265 — Sami h 420 Palmerston av ME 7594
(Levis Clark suprvsr Square D Co h 64i0 Lauder av (.Frbk) ME 4481
—Ellen E (wid Wm) h 109 Montgomery av MO 1790 — Fern A r 22
Wendover rd (Kngswy Pk) JU 1638 — Harold T slsmn Seeley
Systems h 74 Beresford av (Swan) LY 3946 — John W h 22
Wendover rd (Kngswy Pk) JU 1638 — Jos C foremn Steel Co of Can
h 74 Beresford av (Swan) LY 3946 — Kathleen H stenog Great Lakes
Paper r 109 Montgomery av MO 1790 — Margt dom Georgina House
r 106 Beverley WA 4508 — Norman R slsmn Wallis A Mackie r 74
Beresford av (Swan) LY 3946 —The (Harold Levi, Mark G (Cohen)
waste paper 19 River WA SWl warehouse 7274 'Don Roadway west
— Thos G (B & W Store) h 181 Blythwood rd MO 2906 —Vera
hostess Eatons r 22 Wendover rd (Kngswy Pk) JU 1638 — Wm D h
127 Albertus av MO 3798 Levison Abraham plstr h 124 Markham —
Jos h D, 617 Dundas w — Leslie prsfdr Geo Everall Co r 124
Markham — .Simon h 287 Markham Leviston Susie shoe dresser J D
Carrier Shoes r 617 Dundas w Levita Albt B elk PO .r 180 Euclid av
WA 9972 — Ethel (wid Meyer) h 23 Turner av EL 3529 — Ida (Ida
Sue Beauty Salon) ,r 31 Grange avenue — Leon drug elk Sackins
Drug Store r ISO Euclid av WA 9972 — Louis opr Cadillac Clothing h
180 Euclid av WA 9972 Levitan Abraham pltry dir h 1, 30 Cecil KI
7110 Leviter Benj pdlr li 125 Lippineott Levitsky Vasil r 199 Maria
Levitt Ada h 923 Carlaw av — (Albt '(Gold Seal Pharmacy) t 6, 78 St
Patrick WA 5259 —Albt (Levitt's Market) h 609-611 Bayview av
(Leas) MA 4122 — Arthur slsmn h 24 Rosebury av (Fst H) LA 6377
— 'Arthur S chart acet Wilton C Eddis & Sons h 178 Broadway av MA
21162 — Arthur S detective Pol Dept h 254 Macpherson av MI 4356
—Arthur S fnshr Marshall Mattress h 266 Booth av HA 1330 —
Bernard S app Spring’s Drug Store h 6, 7 St Patrick WA 5259 — Chas
opr CN Tel r 6/7 Monarch Pk av GL 3871 —Clara h 63 Walmer rd KI
8261 — Curtis shipping pekr Prest-O-Lite h 117 Mackay av ME 7
i3i5'5 — Edith tchr r 1, 135 Ulster RA 7036 — Edwd bkbndr Brown
Bros h 5, 222 Dovercourt rd LL 0812 — Edwd N slsmn h 172 Clinton
ME 3367 — Eleanor bkpr-sec-treas H Paulin & Co Ltd r 5, 222
Dovercourt rd LL 0812 — Geo E carp h 187 Sammon av (E Y) GL
1405 — Geo E sihpr Malton Airport h 174 Rosethorn av (Silv) —
Gladys elev opr Eatons r 187 Sammon av (E Y) GL 1405 — Har.ry
strnftr R T Hearn & Co h 1, 135 Ulster RA 7036 — Helen (wid Louis)
r 55 St Anne’s rd LO 0852 —Herman tnsmth h 311% Euclid av —
Irwin J (Central Fur Co) h 78 Latimer av HU 6029 — Jack
chiropractor r 49-51 Grenville KI 8664 — Jack elk J M Schneider Ltd
h 67 Belgravia av (Frbk) — John furrier Bender Fur Co h 140 Grace
KE 9116 —John R tchr Lawrence Park Coll Inst h 41 Braeside rd MA
3618 —John W bkpr Genl Motors Products r 105 Gloucester —Leo
radio technician A D Gorrie & Co h 333 Crawford ME 8223 —Louis
lab r 6, 78 St Patrick WA 5952 —Lula A stenog North Am Life r 254
Macpherson av MI 4356 — (Minnie (wid Sami) h |6, 78 St Patrick WA
5952 —Morris A gro 673 Spadina av KI 1497 h 47 Sussex av —
Safety Appliance Co (Victor Levitt) safety equip 94 Regal rd LL 5886
—Selma (wid A J) h 94 Regal rd LL 5886 — Stanley police Prov h
117 Coxwell av GR 3457 Levitt Sylvia slsldy Kingsrvay Pharmacy r 6,
7.8 St Patrick WA 525(9 — Velva J wrapper piler A D Shoup r 2G6
Booth av — Victor (Levitt Safety Appliance Co) r 94 Regal rd LL 5886
— Walter mgr Tip Top Tailors (264-266 College) r 51 Whitmore av
(Fst H) — Wm F japanner H Mander & Co r 187 Sammon av (E Y)
Levitt’s Market (Albt Levitt) fruits & gro 609-611 Bayview av (Leas)
MA 4122 Levitz Annie (wid Sami) dry gds 208 Royce av h same LL
5775 —Bernice sis elk Mrs Annie Levitz r 2i0i8 Royce av LL 5775 —
Goldie r 208 Royce av LL 5775 Levkovitch Isaac men’s clothing 167
Queen e h 159 George WA 3598 —(Morris slsmn Isaac Levkovitch r
15'9 'George ’WA 315(918 Levkowitz Beatrice sis elk Regina Mlnry r
56 Sullivan Levman Abraham (Boston Men’s Shop) r 412 Queen w EL
9916 — Isaac ((Boston Shoe Store) h 412 Queen w EL 9916 — Reta
r 412 Queen w EL 9916 — Wm elk Boston Men’s Shop r 412 Queen
w EL 9916 Levo Jessie Mrs wtrs Eatons r 70 Bristol av Levoff Sami li
190 Grace Levoir Frances (wid Robt) h 21% Lambton av (Mt D) —
Jas elect r 21% La mb ton av (Mt D) — W Lionel r 409 Coxwell av
GR 1968 — Wm G engrvng & .art dept Telegram h 409 Coxwell av
GR 1966 - — Wm J r 69 Riverdale av HA 8922 (act service) —
Winnifred M opr Bell Tel r 409 Coxwell av GA 1966 Le Von Bernard S
elk Dominion Stores r 60 Malvern av HO 5293 — Bruce assembler
Christie Bread r 60 Malvern av HO 5293 — Don elk Jas F Harrison r
60 Malvern av HO 5293 — Herbt A designer h 60 Malvern av HO
5293 — Marv sis elk Eatons r 60 Malvern av HO £293 Levoutis Geo
hlpr Robertson Bros r 35% Holly Levstik Delicatessen (Frank Lev.stik)
674 Queen w ■ — Frank (Levstik Delicatessen) h 674 Queen west
♦Levy see a'so Levi ■ — A r 213 Beverley KI 0254 —Abraham h 221A
St Clair av w MI 3797 — Abraham pocket opr iShift'er-Hiltman h ’741
Bloor w LL 85134 — Alex beamer Tor Carpet Mfg r 431 Jarvis — Alex
emp Lakeside Clnrs r 6120 Euclid av LA 7044 — Alex foremn
Superior Clock h 51 Whitmore av (Fst H) MA 3454 — Alfred
(Lakeside Cleaners) h 620 Euclid av LA 7044 — Andree h 3, 322%
Bloor w MI 4785 — Ann emp Acme Box r 74 Oxford MI 6779 —
Annie (wid Aibraham) h 124 Robert — Archd serv stn attdt h 471
Grace ME 7228 — Arnold cutter Tip Top Tailors h Cl, 231 Vaughan .rd
(Wj’oh) LL 4695 — Auto Parts Co (Mark A & Lazarus Levy) auto parts
new & used, auto wreckers 735 Queen w AD 9333, 404 Queen e, 81
Tecumseth, yard 143-47 Teeumseth — Benj (Fashion Sportswear) h
1036 Bloor w LO 8588 — Benj mgr Levy Auto Parts h 1719A
Bathurst (Fst H) MO 0428 — Benj opr Eatons x 1036 Bloor w LO
8588 —Bernard slsmn Acme Hat Co h 179 Glen Cedar rd (Cedarvale)
HY 6409 — Bernard slsmn Geo Weston Bread r 861 Manning av ■ —
Bessie r 549 Ossington av LO 8466 - — Bros (Chas J Lloyd) tailors 69
King w EL 1070 — Bros Co Ltd Bert Pape rep jwlrs 1, 67 Coureelette
rd (Scar) HO 7110 — Chas acct United Art h 258 Beatrice ME 8298
—Chas tailor gents fum 83 Lake Shore rd (New T ph 2295) h 403
Manning av KI 1065 —David h 231 Major KI 8680 — Davis tlr, clnr &
prsr 1054 Queen w h same LL 3843 — Edwin M h 4919 Oriole Pfewy
HY 05)38 —Elsa (wid Heinrich) h 32 Wells MI 2123 - — Esther (wid
Harris) r 44 Cecil MI 2876 —Esther R off mgr Levy Auto Parts Co r
509 Palmerston av — Fredk D r 1054 Queen w LL 3843 ■ —
Gertrude stenog Maxwell A Levy r 162 Grace LL 5195 — Grace
stenog r 102 Hilton av ME 8597 — Harris h 549 Ossington av LO
8466 — Harry barber h B, 655 College —Harry cutter Royal Knitting
Co r 1036 Bloor w LO 8588 —Harry tlr h 74 Oxford MI 6679 - —
Helen (Andre Tailors & Furriers) r 91 Balmoral av KI 8589 —Helen
(Helena Hat Shop) r 29 Wales av WA 9670 — Helene r 12 Brunswick
av KI 8686 — Hermie M winder Tor Carpet Mfg r IS Brookfield LEW
LEW Levy Hyman li 9 Grange av AD 6703 — Hyman (Esquire Hand
Lndry & Clnrs) h 696 Spadina av MI 7666 — (Hymie furrier r .74
Oxford MI 6779 — Ida elk Collegiate News Agency r 162 Grace LL
5195 — Isaac mgr Andre Tailors & Furriers b 91 Balmoral av KI 95S9
— J E (Levy & Co) r 684 SheTbourne — Jack mgr Artistic Wood
Turning Shop h 337 Markham RA 7319 —Jack M jwlr 277 Yonge WA
3542 h 81 Rusholme rd ME 6636 — Jack T agt Tip Top Tlrs h 12
Brunswick av KI 8686 —Jacob h 410 Jarvis MI 1813 — Jos h 81
Rusholme rd ME 6636 — Jos elk Collegiate News Agency r 162 Grace
LL 5195 — Judah mgr Can Stationery Jobbing Co h 15 Strathallan
blvd HU 8393 — Kate .('wid Jack) h 4(5 Ulster MI MOT —Lawrence
(Automotive Distributors) r 480 Crawford LO 8047 — Lazarus (Levy
Auto Parts Co) h '509 Palmerston av ME 3801 —Leah N Mrs h 102
Hilton av ME 8597 — Lillian (Neighborhood Grocer) r 378 Shaw —
Lillian bkpr r 549 Ossington av LO 8466 — Louis br mgr Levy Auto
Parts r 509 Palmerston av ME 3801 --(Louis tlr Tip Top Tailors h 2,
636 Dufferin LO 9i02:8 —Louisa r 499 Oriole Pkwy HY 9538 — Margt
sec Maxwell K Bochner r 91 Balmoral av KI 9589 — Mark A (Levy
Auto Parts Co) h 1, 11 Austin Ter LA 3973 — Mark L (Crown Novelty
Co) ir 46 Mount Royal av LL 5877 —Maurice slsmn h 480 Crawford
LO 8047 — (Max '(Collegiate News Agency) h 162 Grace LL 5195 —
Max pdlr h 133 Borden KI 8847 — Max tlr Tip Top Tailors h 254
Clinton LO 0190 — Maxwell A bar.r 502-503, 465 Bay AD 3625 h 51
Turner rd KE 1484 — Meyer H rabbi Hebrew Men of England
Congregation h 370 Palmerston av KI 2350 —Miriam stenog Style
(Shoes r 2:54 Clinton — Morris h 13 Montrose av ME 4534 — Morris
(Dundas Barber Shop) r 9 Euclid av AD 0543 — Morris slsmn Levy
Auto Parts r 509 Palmerston av ME 3801 — Mortimer L slsmn
Imperial Life Assce Co h 21, 1652 Bathurst MO 9750 —Murray
foremn Tip Top Tailors h 2, 1648 Bathurst (Cedarvale) HU 7797 —
Nathan barber Dundas Barber Shop r 9 Euclid av AD 0543 — Nathan
opr Sainthill-Levine & Co h 9 Euclid av AD 9543 — Nathan tlr Tip Top
Tailors h 18 Rusholme rd LO 0185 — Norman bar.r 1109, 36 Toronto
WA 4082 r '410 Jarvis MI l'8lli3 — Olive r 1, 154 Dowling av LA 5425
— Oscar W sec-treas Victory Finance Corp Ltd h 628 Lonsdale rd
(Fst H) LO 2232 — Paul H lawyer Nathan Phillips r 51 Whitmore av
(Fst H) MA 3454 — Percy slsmn Colonial Tobacco Jobbers &
Importers h 144 Raglan av (Wych) LA 8573 — Reuben probation
officer Tor Family Court h 41 'Christie KE 36i74 — Rita emp St
Michael’s Hosp r 431 Jarvis — Sami (The Cream Bar) h 1703
Bathurst (Fst H) MA 5208 — Sami opr Eatons h 29 Wales av WA
9670 — Sami N (Beech Hardware & Electric) h 14, 222(0 Queen e
GR 7266 — Sidney furrier Atlantic Fur Co h 17 168 Grange av WA
0659 — Sidney mus Tor Symphony h 32, 320 Lonsdale rd (Fst H) MA
5628 — Sidney tlr Tip Top Tailors r 18 Rusholme rd LO 0185 —
.Steve t 704 Dundas w — Sydney h 509 Palmerston av ME 3801 —
Victoria stenog t 102 Hilton av ME 8597 —Walter W r 32 Wells MI
2128 — & Co (J E Levy) color prntrs 135 King e WA 6995 Levy’s
Hardware (Nathan Swadron) 1935 Gerrard e GR 6409 Lew Bros (Fee
& Hong Lew) lndry 9 Huron • — Chas laundry 292 Brock av h same
— Chee cook Wah Chon Chop Suey Rest r 108% Queen w — Fee
(Lew Bros) h 9 Huron — Fee wtr Wah Chon Chop Suey Rest r 108%
Queen w — Geo (Diet Kitchen Tea Rooms) h 1761 Danforth av —
Hee emp Wah Chon Chop Suey Rest r 12 Elizabeth TR 0603 — Hong
(Lew Bros) h 9 Huron 28 Alphabetical, White Page 865
 LEW WINDOW OISPLAYS POSTERS * LABELS MAPS •
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AND CUTOUTS Exclusive Art Calendars LEW Lew Kim emp L K Lew
— L K laundry 1240 College h same ME 7965 — Laundry The (Tom
Dick) 750 Queen w — Wing (Wah Chon Chop Suey Rest) r 108%
Queen w — Wing chef La Plaza Private Hotel x 168 Chestnut — Yen
elk Kwong Hong Tal x 20 Elizabeth EL 1041 — Young cook Wah Chon
Chop Suey Rest x 108% Queen w Lewandowskl Stanley freight
handler CSL h 117 Montrose av — Ted r 150 Bellwoods av Lewarne
Albt J prntr Southam Press b 1 Bridgeview rd (H Crest) LY 2804 —
Alfred emp Can Dry Ginger Ale to 8 Armstrong av —Alfred W j-r elect
engnr Candn Westinghouse x 8 Armstrong av — Edwd H iptooto
engrvr Reliance Engravers r 154 Ma-cdonell av —Florence H r 8
Armstrong av — Harold E photo engrvr Reliance Engrvrs x 154
Macdonell av IvE 8434 — Mary (wid Geo) x 467 Hillsdale av e MA
3849 — R Frank r 1 Bridgeview rd (H Crest) LY 2804 Lewars Ernest S
shoemkr Eatons h 128 Eglinton av w HU 2731 —Jean W with
Underwood Elliott Fisher r 72 Westminster av LL 2466 —Jennie (wid
Wm) h 72 Westminster av LL 2466 — John E carp r 472 Lauder av
(Frbk) KE 5080 — Sarah (wid Alfred) h 11 Barton av ME 3023
Lewczuk Basil btch-r h 9 Wolseley — (Michl to 94 Massey Lewe Jas G
acct Bank of Mont (404 Parliament) to 20 Austin Ter MI 1582 Lewell
Sami H porter Simpsons r 15 Holmstead av (E Y) Lewellen Wm H
pastor Alliance Tabernacle h 41 Cloverlawn av (Oak) LL 0268 Lewens
Adam C bkpr Amer News h 427 Armadale av JU 7410 Lewer Doris
solderer Macdonald Mfg x 351 Gladstone av LO 1460 — Edwd lab
Exide Batteries r 351 Gladstone av LO 1460 —Jessie (wid John) h
255 Prescott av JIT 2127 — John bartender r 351 Gladstone av LO
1460 —John wtr Brockton Hotel r 672 Queen w — Wm E opr
Macdonald Mfg h 351 Gladstone av LO 1460 Lewers Albt Insp TTC h
47 Queensdale av (E Y) —Albt plshr Cohn & Rosenberger t 47
Queensdale av (E Y) — Elizth (wid Robt) h 152 Parkmount rd HA
5879 —Ethel Mrs h 978 Queen e —Jane E emp Bell Tel r 175 St Clair
av e MA 3226 — Richd T h 175 St Clair av e MA 3226 Lewes Stanley
Mrs wtrs r 5 Pearson av Lewick Caroline Mrs lining mkr
SchipperFrelfeld res Port Credit — Geo assembler Inti Bus Mach xes
Port Credit Lewicke Nellie wtrs Royal York Hotel r 150 Howland av
Lewicki John emp Swift Candn x 1889 Davenport rd —Jos lab CNR h
86 McCaul WA 0547 Lewin Ada (wid Walter) h 211 Torrens av (E Y)
—Albt J lather h 14 Hiawatha rd GE 3677 —Alfred slsmn Can Bread h
32 Priscilla av (Rnny) LY 1935 —Ann pekr Kowntree Co r 14
Hiawatha road — Arthur H emp Can Wire & Cable h 275 Waverley rd
HO 31675 — Aubrey V order cllt Simpsons t 257 Bleecker — Douglas
dept mgr Gordon, Mackay & Co h 648 Oriole Parkway MO 2544 —
Edith emp Sick Children’s Hosp r 63 Breadalbane KI 3752 — Edwd W
mgr Westminster Hotel r 57 Grosvenor KI 1753 — Gwyneth r 648
Oriole Pkwy MO 2544 — Ida E x 919 Dundas e GL 1502 — Lillian
(wid Wm) r 257 Bleecker — Margt opr Brill Shirt & Neckwear r 17
Martin cres MO 4669 — Marjorie elk Workmen’s Compensation Bd r
32 Priscilla av (Rnny) LY 1935 —Mildred J (wid Albt) h 4A Sammon
av (E Y) — Moritz (Lewin’s Ladies’ Tailoring) h 382 Bloox w MI 5911
— Wm J r 14 Hiawatha xd GE 3677 (act service) Lewin’s Ladies’
Tailoring (Moritz Lewin) 382 Bloor w MI 5911 Lewington Geo F
(Regent Jewellers) h 341 McRoberts av (Frbk) Lewins Frank staty
engnr A & P h 581 Melrose av (Nth Y) HU 4913 Lewis A Miss h 29
Roxborou-gh w RA 68166 — A Clifford headmaster U_ of T Schls h
238 Glenview av HU 2525 —A Ruth speech therapist Hosp Sick
Children h 45, 8 St Thomas KI 7148 — Abraham Ur h 444 Euclid av
KI 1404 —Abraham trav Dom Prntg h 343 Markham KI 4506 —Ada
(wid Jos) h 221 Gowan av (E Y) HA 8301 — Adele H r 7 Humberview
xd (H Crest) JU 3612 — (Albert E engnr CIL h 816 Thirty-Sixth (Long
B) ph N T 695 — Albert mach Eatons h 302 Roxton rd LO 3*8,18 —
Albert E veterinary insp Dept of Agric .(IDom) Health of Animals 'Br r
166 Oakwood av ME 7828 —Albert G slsmn h 30 Pendeen av (Mt D)
— Albert J mgr Varsity Cleaners h 72 Burnaby blvd w HY 0614 —
Albert M glazer Candn Wm A Rogers r 48 Robert (Mim) ph N T 21-
1SW —Albert W millwright h 52 Lawlor av — Albert W piano fnshr
Heintzmans h 31 Mould av (Rnny) JU 0712 — Alex elk American
News r 249 Vaughan road —Alex C Major elk of the Legislative
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