IMPACT 4.09.

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Chassis ID Path
J31KN 5207 3/Description, Design and function//Vehicle electronics overview, system description

Model Identity
K(RT) 184800761

Publish date ID/Operation

09/01/2025

Vehicle electronics overview, system description

Vehicle electronic overview, system description
Overview
Description
Backbone
Subnets
LIN
Ethernet
Wireless
Other

Related information

Vehicle electronic overview, system description

Overview

Dashboard

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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

1 Instrument cluster (A03H)

2 SID (Secondary Information Display) (A230A)
3 SEM (Services and Entertainment Module) (A231B)
4 Tachograph (A33)
5 TGW (Telematics Gateway) control unit (A125B)
6 CCM (Climate Control Module) (A34C)
7 Alarm control unit (A31)
8 VMCU (Vehicle Master Control Unit) (A187)
9 BBM (Body Builder Module) (A36)
10 SCIM (Security and Cab Interface Module) (A160B)
11 Alcolock control unit (A132)
12 DACU (Driver Assistance Control Unit) (A26C)
13 OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) connector (X43)

Cab

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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

1 DDM (Driver Door Module) or PDM (Passenger Door Module) (A165L or A165R)
2 FLC (Forward-Looking Camera) (B437)
3 Rain with twilight sensor (B239)
4 LECM (Living Environment Control Module) switch (S253)
5 FLR (Forward Looking Radar) (B438)
6 ECS (Electronically Controlled Suspension) remote switch (S282)

Chassis

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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

1 ECM (Engine Control Module) (A14)

2 FCIOM (Front Chassis I/O Module) (A162)
3 BPMU (Battery Power Management Unit) (A243)
4 TECU (Transmission Electronic Control Unit) (A13)
5 Side radar sensors (B396LF, B396LR, B396RF and B396RR)
6 CCIOM (Centre Chassis I/O Module) (A163)
7 EBS (Electronically controlled Brake System) control unit (A21)
8 ACM (Aftertreatment Control Module) control unit (A174C)
9 TPMS (Tyre Pressure Monitoring System) control unit (A77)
10 APM (Air Production Modulator) control unit (A177)
11 RCIOM (Rear Chassis I/O Module) (A164)

Note
The number of side radar sensors varies based on the variant.

Description

Twisting rates of wires for CAN (Controller Area Network) and LIN (Local Interconnect Network)

Parameter Minimum Standard Maximum

Twisting rate 43 Twist per meter 45 Twist per meter 47 Twist per meter

Backbone

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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

The two backbones connect the control units and subnets to enable a large amount of information to
always be available in the system.
The following data is available on these backbones:
● Vehicle status data (for example, time and speed)

● Powertrain control signals

● OBD

● Vehicle diagnostics according to ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14229

● Status and control signals

● Software download.

Backbone 1

SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) (J1939-14)

ECU (Electronic Control Unit)

Location Components
● Instrument cluster (A03H)

● DACU (A26C)

● Tachograph (A33)
1 Cab
● BBM control unit (A36)

● SCIM control unit (A160B)

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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

● VMCU (A187)

● TECU (A13)

● EBS control unit (A21)

2 Chassis
● ECM control unit (A14)

● ACM control unit (A174C)

Backbone 1 (J1939-14) is the primary data link with a signal transfer speed of 500 kbit/s for
communication between the vehicle control modules and the powertrain control modules.

Backbone 2

ISO (J2284-3)

ECU

Location Components
● Instrument cluster (A03H)

● DACU (A26C)

1 Cab ● BBM control unit (A36)

● SCIM control unit (A160B)

● VMCU (A187)

● TECU (A13)
2 Chassis
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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

● ECM control unit (A14)

Backbone 2 (J2284-3) is a dedicated diagnostic data link for powertrain control modules with a signal
transfer speed of 500 kbit/s. Also, backbone 2 (J2284-3) is used by the diagnostic tool (Tech Tool) to
reprogram the VMCU, the TGW control unit and other control units.

Subnets
The subnet is a CAN channel, which connects the group of components and nodes within the
subsystems (cab, chassis and infotainment). Each subnet will have a top node (ECU) for
communicating with the rest of the vehicle system through the backbone networks. The description
of the components or control units involved in each function is available in the function description.
The management of diagnostic data and software downloads is common to all subnets.

Subnet topology

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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

Position Description Components

Vicinity subnet 5 controls the
communication between the
DACU (A26C) and the FLR ● DACU (A26C)
1 (B438), and it also manages the
● FLR (B438)
FLR. The DACU acts as a
gateway between the subnet and
the backbones.
Vicinity subnet 2 controls the
communication between the
DACU (A26C) and the FLC ● FLC (B437)
2 (B437), and it also manages the
● DACU (A26C)
data related to the FLC. The
DACU acts as a gateway between
the subnet and the backbones.
Vicinity subnet 4 controls the
communication between the
DACU (A26C) and the side radar ● DACU (A26C)
sensors (B396LF, B396LR,
● Side radar sensors
3 B396RF and B396RR), and it also
(B396LF, B396LR, B396RF
manage the side radar sensors.
and B396RR)
The DACU acts as a gateway
between the subnet and the
backbones.
● BBM (A36)

4 Body builder network ● BBIOM (Body Builder I/O

Module) (A36B)

The infotainment subnet

applications are mostly event-
driven. The infotainment subnet ● Instrument cluster (A03H)
mainly manages data related to
5 the driver input, visual and audible ● SEM (A231B)
information. The instrument
● TGW control unit (A125B)
cluster (A03H) acts as a gateway
between the subnet and the
backbones.
The security subnet controls and
manages the communication
between doors, windows, alarm, ● SCIM (A160B)
etc. The SCIM (A160B) acts as a
● Alarm control unit (A31)
6
●
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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

gateway between the subnet and DDM and PDM (A165L and
the backbones. The information in A165R)
this subnet is encrypted.
The cab subnet has many ● SCIM (A160B)
configurations depending on the
● SRS (Supplementary
cab design. The cab subnet
Restraint System) control
manages vehicle data related to
7 unit (A15B)
the cab control units. The SCIM
(A160B) acts as a gateway ● CCM (A34C)
between the subnet and the
● Alcolock control unit (A132)
backbones.
● VMCU (A187)
8 OBD connector
● OBD connector (X43)

● VMCU (A187)

The chassis subnet connects the ● EBS control unit (A21)

chassis to the cab. The
● FCIOM (A162)
connection places a high demand
on real-time communication. The ● CCIOM (A163)
9 chassis subnet manages vehicle
● RCIOM (A164)
data related to the chassis control
units. The VMCU (A187) acts as a ● APM control unit (A177)
gateway between the subnet and
the backbones. ● TPMS (A77)

● BPMU control unit (A243)

The stability subnet sensor is ● EBS control unit (A21)

10 connected to the EBS control unit
● Steering angle sensor (B49)
(A21).
● EBS control unit (A21)
11 Front brakes network
● Front EBS modulator (U08)

● EBS control unit (A21)

12 Rear brakes network 1 ● Trailer EBS modulator

(U05A)

● EBS control unit (A21)

● Rear EBS modulator (one

rear driven axle) (U03A),
13 Rear brakes network 2
rear EBS modulator (two
rear driven axle) (U03B) and
rear EBS modulator (U03C)

● RCIOM (A164)

● Rear axle load sensors

14 Chassis subnet 2
(B375L, B375R, B376L and
B376R)

● TECU (A13)
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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

15 The subnet powertrain controls ● ECM (A14)

communication between the ECM
(A14) and the TECU (A13).
● ECM (A14)

● ACM (A174C)
The engine subnet controls
communication between the ECM ● NOx sensor 1 (A)
16 (A14), the TECU (A13), the ACM
● NOx Sensor 2 (B)
(A174) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxide)
sensors. ● Reagent (AdBlue®) level
and temperature sensor
(B229)

LIN
The LIN is a broadcast serial network comprising one master node ECU and up to five slave nodes.
All the messages are initiated by the master node with at most one slave node replying to a given
message identifier. The LIN is used for a simple low speed communication application, for example,
manually operated switches and slow-varying signal sensors. Up to 20 kbit/s baud rate is possible.
The LIN capacity in this architecture is 9.6 kbit/s and 19.2 kbit/s, which are used in different networks.
The LIN master node can detect and store a DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) for each LIN subnet,
which is a short circuit to ground, a short circuit to battery, an invalid signal or missing messages
from a LIN component.

LIN topology

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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

Note
* 4a will be applicable for the vehicles with alternator variant (24AL110B, 24AL150B and
24AL120B).
* 4b will be applicable for the vehicles with alternator variant (24A110BL, 24A150BL and
24A180BL).

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

Position Location Master LIN Slaves

● SID button (1)

Instrument cluster ● CCP (Climate

1 Cab LIN-15
(A03H) Control Panel)
(A170A)

● SWS (Steering
Instrument cluster Wheel
1 Cab LIN-14 Switches)
(A03H)
(S276)

● Steering
column stalk
1 Cab VMCU (A187) LIN-23 panel switch
(S274)

● Rain with
1 Cab VMCU (A187) LIN-7 twilight sensor
(B239)

SCIM control unit ● LECM switch

1 Cab LIN-1 (S253)
(A160B)

● FSP (Flexible
Switch Panel)
SCIM control unit (S268)
1 Cab LIN-2
(A160B) ● FSP (S264)

● FSP (S266)

SCIM control unit ● FSP (S261)

1 Cab LIN-3
(A160B)
● ILCP (Interior
Light Control
Panel) switch
(S280)

● ELCP (Exterior
SCIM control unit Light Control
1 Cab LIN-4
(A160B) Panel) switch
(S277)

● Differential lock
selection mode
switch (S279)

SCIM control unit ● Remote control

1 Cab LIN-5 ECS (S282)
(A160B)

● Cab
temperature
sensor (B244)

CCM control unit ● Parking heater

1 Cab LIN-10 (E82)
(A34C)
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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

● Parking heater
control unit
(A211)

● Driver door
control panel
(S36L)
2 Cab door DDM (A165L) LIN-8
● Motor (window
lift) (M44L)

● Passenger door
control panel
(S36R)
3 Cab door PDM (A165R) LIN-9
● Motor (window
lift) (M44R)

● HCU (Hand
APM control unit Control Unit)
1 and 4 Cab and chassis LIN-12 control unit
(A177)
(A173A)

● Battery sensor
4 a Chassis CCIOM (A163) LIN-11 (B250)

● Battery sensor
Chassis CCIOM (A163) LIN-11 (B250)
4 b
ECM control unit ● Alternator (G02)
Chassis LIN-26
(A14)

Ethernet
Ethernet is a flexible and scalable protocol used for communication in vehicle systems. Different
types of protocols are used in Ethernet communication based on the speed and number of wires.
Ethernet is an end-to-end communication network that uses two main protocols to communicate.
● 100BASE-TX, also known as classic Ethernet, is a commonly used Fast Ethernet form that uses
two twisted wire pairs and offers a full duplex with 100 Mbit/s in each direction.

● 100BASE-T1, also known as BroadR-Reach Ethernet, uses a single twisted wire pair that offers
a full duplex with 100 Mbit/s in each direction. It is developed for automotive connectivity
applications, such as vision cameras. It can be used either as a shielded or unshielded
connection.

Ethernet topology

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Location Ethernet Components

● SEM (A231B)

● TGW control unit (A125B)

Cab 100BASE-T1 ● Instrument cluster (A03H)

● Camera (on passenger side

mirror) (1)

● CCES (Chassis Camera

Ethernet Switch) (XC416)

● Camera (CAM1, CAM2 and

Chassis 100BASE-T1 CAMX)

● Single auxiliary digital

camera (B245A)

Cab 100BASE-TX ● OBD connector (X43)

Wireless
The tachograph can send out the selected data as an encrypted signal through the DSRC
(Dedicated Short-Range Communication) (W30). The signal can be picked up and decoded by the
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IMPACT 4.09.00 22/04/2025

REDCR (Remote Early Detection Communication Reader), which is used by roadside enforcement
officers to scan the passing vehicles for misuse or manipulation of the tachograph.
Within the vicinity of the vehicle, the key remote transmits a low-level signal to the transponder.

Wireless data link

Position Location Description Components

● Tachograph (A33)
1 Cab Wireless data link
● DSRC (W30)

● SCIM (A160B)

2 Cab Wireless data link ● Transponder (A)

● Key remote (B)

Other
Tee LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signalling) technology uses differential data transmission. The
differential scheme has an advantage over single-ended schemes as it is less susceptible to
common mode noise. LVDS technology is not dependent on a specific power supply, such as +5 V.
This means that there is an easy migration path to lower supply voltages such as +3.3 V, +2.5 V or
even lower while still maintaining the same signalling levels and performance.
The PLC (Power Line Communications) network consists of ECU's (Engine Control Unit) with PLC
transceivers, mounted on the tractor and trailers. The ECU's communicates each other by sending
RF (Radio Frequency) signals over the power line.

Other data link

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Position Location Description Components

● SEM/REM (Radio
and Entertainment
Module) (A231B)
1 Cab LVDS
● SID (A230A)

● Analogue camera

Related information
For more information on the electrical architecture, refer to:
Wiring diagram
Related system
➠ Power supply, system description

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
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