Unit 1: Fundamental Operations on Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages

1.2. Fundamental Operations on Decimals

Questions to Ponder
1. What are the components of a decimal number?
Decimal numbers are combinations of whole numbers and fractional parts. A decimal point
separates these two components of decimal numbers.

2. How do you execute addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on decimal

numbers?
In addition and subtraction of decimal numbers, the decimal points and the decimal place of
numbers have to be aligned first before the values are added and subtracted.

To multiply decimal numbers, multiply the values as if there were no decimal points. Count
the number of decimal places in the multiplicand and multipliers; use this to place the
decimal point onto the product by matching the number of decimal places from right to left.

In dividing decimal numbers, the divisor is transformed into a whole number by moving the
decimal point all the way to the right; then the decimal point of the dividend should be moved
the same number of decimal places to the right. Divide normally, then place the decimal point
in the quotient where the decimal point appears in the dividend.

3. Why is it important for business people to gain skills in performing fundamental

operations on decimals?
Answers may vary. Performing fundamental operations on decimals help business people get
the precise value or measure of aspects they need to make business decisions and operate
efficiently.

Essential Questions
● Why should business people learn how to perform mathematical operations on
decimals?
Answers may vary. Decimal numbers express the precise value, measure, and
quantity of things. A miscalculation on payment, product specifications, quantity
of products, among others could adversely affect customer and client satisfaction.

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 Unit 1: Fundamental Operations on Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages
● How can business people use this skill in their decision-making?
Answers may vary. Performing fundamental operations on decimals could help
business people evaluate their business’s performance based on concrete facts
and precise information. It allows them to describe problems accurately and
come up with sound solutions

Check Your Progress

● Explain how 3.21(2.1) - 2.26 will be evaluated.
First is you have to multiply 3.21 by 2.21. Multiply the numbers in a normal
multiplication process, then count the digits after the decimal points of the two
given numbers. From right to left, count the same number of digits and place the
decimal point. Next is subtract 2.26 from the product obtained. Align the decimal
numbers and subtract the numbers.

● A team of workers labors for 475 minutes a day in a factory. One unit of product
goes through a process of seven stages; each stage takes 45 seconds to complete
with 10 seconds of rest in between. Calculate the following:
a. How many seconds does it take to complete all seven stages to complete one
unit of product?
b. How many units of product can the team produce in a day?

Solution for (a): Determine the number of seconds required to complete a

product
45 seconds - time spent in every stage of production
x 7 - number of stages in production
315 seconds - total working time for 7 stages
+ 60 seconds - total rest time in between stages
375 seconds - total time to complete one unit of product

Solution for (b):

1. Convert the values from seconds to minutes.

375 ÷ 60 = 6.25 minutes

2. Divide the total labor time by the total time required to produce one unit
of product.

475 ÷ 6.25 = 76 units of product in a day

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 Unit 1: Fundamental Operations on Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages
Try This
A. Short-Answer Response. Identify the place value of the underlined digit.

1. 56.598 hundredths

2. 1034.11 tens

3. 41.123 thousandths

4. 520.567 hundreds

5. 81.483 tenths

B. Short-Answer Response. Convert the fractions into decimals and vice versa.
Simplify the fractions as needed.

1. 15.75

2. 0.11

3. 50 11/90 50.12222222...

4. 1/25 0.04

5. 0.232
or

C. Fill in the Blanks or Completion. Fill in the missing words to make the statement
correct.

decima 1. The word decimal came from the Latin word ____________.

place value 2. The ____________ describes the position of the digits.

decimal points 3. The separator between integers and decimals is called ________.

divisor 4. In dividing decimals, the ____________ should be transformed

into a whole number.

Recurring 5. ____________ decimals are numbers with digits that repeat after a
certain interval.

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 Unit 1: Fundamental Operations on Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages

Practice Your Skills

1. Danielle agrees to lend you money for a monthly interest of 0.12. How much will you
pay her next month if you borrow ₱500?
Solution: 500 + 0.12 (500) = 500 + 60 = ₱560 payment for next month

2. Stephanie has 3434.18 Malaysian ringgit and wants to send it to the Philippines. If 1
ringgit is equal to 11.56 Philippine peso, how much pesos did she send?
Solution: 3434.18 (11.56) = 39,699.1208 Philippine peso

3. Two bread pies cost ₱12.99. If Leo bought 7 pies, how much would they cost?
Solution: 7(12.99 ÷ 2) = 7(6.495) = ₱45.465 - cost of seven pies

4. During the week, daily sales at Lian’s mini-shop were ₱3815.97, ₱3276.34, ₱2796.22,
₱1515.81, ₱1896.26, ₱5882.14 and ₱921.40. Find the total weekly sales.
Solution: ₱3815.97 + ₱3276.34 + ₱2796.22 + ₱1515.81 + ₱1896.26 + ₱5882.14 +
₱921.40 = ₱20,104.14 total weekly sales

5. Lani produced 370 pieces of rice cake in a week with a total production cost of
₱1750.25. Find the production cost of each rice cake in the nearest hundredths.
Solution: ₱1750.25 ÷ 370 = ₱4.73 - cost of each rice cake (approximately)

Challenge Yourself
1. Jane needs to call newly-hired employees to give them final instructions before
starting work. She needs 2 minutes to talk to each one of them. If her mobile phone
has a current load of ₱450 and calls would cost ₱6.35 per minute, how many new
employees will she be able to talk with her current load balance?

Solution: 2(6.35) = 12.7

450 ÷ 12.7 = 35 new employees

2. Gabby went to the gas station to refuel his car. The price of gasoline is ₱52.31 per
liter, and he paid ₱800 in total. How many liters of gasoline were filled into his
vehicle? Round off the answer to the nearest thousandths (or three decimal places).

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 Unit 1: Fundamental Operations on Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages

Solution:

800 ÷ 52.31 = 15.293 L of gasoline

3. Andy needs 52.12 meters of fabric to produce a specific quantity of t-shirts for his
business. He is considering whether to use 100% cotton or polyester cotton. Since
consumers perceive the quality of these materials differently, the mark up prices are
not the same. He estimated how much he could sell his product depending on the
fabric used.
a. How much is the cost of raw materials for 100% cotton and polyester cotton?
b. If Andy wants to maximize his profit, which fabric material should he use?

Solution:
a. Raw material cost for 100% cotton: ₱389.00(52.12) = ₱20,274.68
Raw material cost for polyester cotton: ₱211.00(52.12) = ₱10,997.32

b. Profit if 100% cotton was used: ₱27,895.68 - ₱20,274.68 = ₱7621.00

Profit if polyester cotton was used: ₱19,149.32 - ₱10,997.32 = ₱8,152.00

Answer: Andy would maximize profit if he used polyester cotton material for his
shirt products.

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