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An ancient story I'll tell you anon
Of a notable prince that was called King John;
And he ruled England with main and with might,
For he did great wrong and maintain'd little right.

And I'll tell you a story, a story so merry


Concerning the Abbot of Canterbury;
How for his house-keeping, and high renown,
They rode post for him to London town.

An hundred men the King did hearsay,


The Abbot kept in his house every day;
And fifty gold chains, without any doubt,
In velvet coats waited the Abbot about.

"How now, father Abbot, I hear it of thee,


Thou keepest a far better house than me,
And for thy house-keeping, and high renown,
I fear thou work'st treason against my crown."

"My liege," quo' the Abbot, "I would it were known,


I never spend nothing but what is my own;
And I trust, your grace will do me no dere,
For spending of my own true-gotten gere."

"Yes, yes, father Abbot, thy fault it is high,


And now for the same thou needest must die;
For except thou canst answer me questions three,
Thy head shall be smitten from thy body.

"And first," quo' the King, "When I'm in this stead,


With my crown of gold so fair on my head;
Among all my liege-men so noble of birth
Thou must tell me to one penny what I am worth.

"Secondly, tell me, without any doubt,


How soon I may ride the whole world about;
And at the third question thou must no shrink,
But tell me here truly, what I do think."

"O, these are hard questions for my shallow wit,


Nor I cannot answer your grace as yet;
But if you will give me but three weeks' space,
I'll do my endeavour to answer your grace."

"Now three weeks' space to thee I will give,


And that is the longest time thou hast to live;
For if thou dost not answer my questions three,
Thy lands and thy livings are forfeit to me "
Thy lands and thy livings are forfeit to me.

Away rode the Abbot all sad at that word,


And he rode to Cambridge and Oxenford;
But never a doctor there was so wise,
That could with his learning an answer devize.

Then home rode the Abbot of comfort so cold,


And he met his shepherd a going to fold:
"How now, my lord Abbot, you are welcome home;
What news do you bring us from good King John?"

"Sad news, sad news, shepherd, I must give;


That I have but three days more to live:
For if I do not answer him questions three,
My head will be smitten from my body.

"The first is to tell him there in that stead


With his crown of gold so fair on his head,
Among all his liege-men so noble of birth,
To within one penny of what he is worth.

"The second, to tell him, without any doubt,


How soon he may ride this whole world about:
And at the third question I must not shrink,
But tell him there truly what he does think."

"Now cheer up, sir Abbot, did you never hear yet,
That a fool he may learn a wise man to wit?
Lend one horse, and serving men, and your apparel,
And I'll ride to London to answer your quarrel.

"Nay, frown not, if it hath been told unto me,


I am like your lordship as ever may be;
And if you will but lend me your gown,
There is none shall know us at fair London town."

"Now horses, and serving men thou shalt have,


With sumptuous array most gallant and brave;
With crozier, and mitre, and rochet, and cope,
Fit to appear 'fore our father the Pope."

"Now welcome Sir Abbot," the King he did say,


"'Tis well thou'rt come back to keep thy day;
For an if thou canst answer my questions three,
Thy life and thy living both savéd shall be.

"And first, when thou seest here in this stead,


With my crown of gold so fair on my head,
Among all my liege-men so noble of birth,
T ll t h tI th "
Tell me to one penny what I am worth."

"For thirty pence our Saviour was sold


Among the false Jews, as I have been told;
And twenty-nine is the worth of thee,
For I think thou art one penny worser than he."

The King he laughed and swore by St. Bittel


"I did not think I had been worth so little!
—Now secondly tell me, without any doubt,
How soon I may ride this whole world about."

"You must rise with the sun, and ride with the same,
Until the next morning he riseth again;
And then your grace need not make any doubt,
But in twenty-four hours you'll ride it about."

The King he laughed and swore by St. John,


"I did not think it could be gone so soon!
—Now from the third question thou must not shrink,
But tell me here truly what I do think."

"Yea, that I shall do, and make your grace merry:


You think I'm the Abbot of Canterbury;
But I'm his poor shepherd, as plain you may see,
That am come to beg pardon for him and for me."

The King he laughed and swore by the mass,


"I'll make thee lord abbot this day in his place!"
"Now, nay, my liege, be not in such speed,
For alack, I can neither write, nor read."

"Four nobles a week, then, I will give thee,


For this merry jest thou hast shown unto me;
And tell the old Abbot when thou comest home,
Thou has brought him a pardon from good King John."

THE LAST DAYS OF KING JOHN (1216).

Source.—Matthew of Westminster, Vol. II., pp. 127, 128. G. Bell &


Sons.
Prince Louis and all his followers embarked on board the ships,
and came with a fair wind to the isle of Thanet, and anchored in the
place which is called Stanhore, on the 21st of May. King John was at
that time with his army at Dover, but as he was surrounded by a
band of foreign mercenaries, who loved Louis more than John, King
of England, he did not dare to encounter Louis in a hostile manner,
lest his troups might perchance desert King John himself in his
necessity, and transfer themselves to Louis. From which
considerations he preferred retreating at the time to engaging in a
doubtful battle. Therefore, he retreated, and withdrew to
Canterbury, and left and entrusted the Castle of Dover to the
custody and good faith of Hubert de Burgh. And soon afterwards,
Gualo, the legate, landed in England, for the protection of King John
and the kingdom against Louis and his partisans. But King John fled
as far as Winchester, and Louis, when he found that no one offered
to resist him, disembarked from his ships, and landing at Sandwich,
subdued immediately the whole of that district, with the exception of
the town of Dover, and hastening towards London, he made himself
master of the Castle of Rochester, and on the 2nd of June he arrived
in London, where first of all he offered up prayers at St. Paul's, and
was afterwards publicly received by the clergy and laity with great
joy, and received the fealty and homage of all the barons. And
shortly afterwards, namely on the 14th of June, the city of
Winchester was surrendered to him; and on the day after the feast
of Saint John, he took the castle of the city, and the bishop's castle
also; and on the 9th of July he received the submission of the
Castles of Odiham, Farnham, Guildford and Reigate. The Castle of
Windsor was besieged by the earls and barons of both France and
England, but they were forced to retreat from before it, without
succeeding in their object. But the Castle of Cambridge was taken by
the barons, with twenty esquires which were found in it.
The same year Gualo, the legate, exacted visitation fees
throughout all England, from all the cathedral churches and houses
of religious brotherhoods, fixing each visitation fee at fifty shillings.
He also seized all the benefices of the clergy and men of religious
orders, who adhered to Louis and the barons, and converted them
to the use of his own clergy. In the meantime, King John, inflamed
with the madness of passion, oppressed and grievously afflicted the
provinces of Suffolk and Norfolk. Then, continuing his march towards
the north, he irrecoverably lost his carriages, and much of his
baggage at Wellester, where they were swallowed up by a
quicksand. And when he heard the news he grieved inconsolably,
and redoubling deep sighs, he passed the night at Swineshead
Abbey, belonging to the Carthusian order, where according to his
custom, he gorged himself with peaches soaked in new wine and
cider, and being greatly absorbed in grief for his recent loss, he
became attacked with a severe illness.
But the next day, concealing his illness lest the enemy should
triumph over him, he, though with difficulty, mounted his horse; and
soon afterwards, having had a litter drawn by horses made for him,
he dismounted from his palfrey and entered it, and in this way he
came to the Castle of Leadford, where he spent the night, and found
his disease increase greatly. But the next day he was carried
forwards and arrived at the Castle of Newark where he took to his
bed, and his sickness assumed a fatal appearance; and summoning
the Abbot of Crofestune, who was skilful in the art of medicine, to
his side, he confessed himself to him, and received the eucharist
from him. And he appointed Henry, his eldest son, the heir of his
kingdom, bequeathing his body to the Church of Worcester, under
the protection of Saint Wolstan. After this, with the greatest
bitterness of spirit, he cursed all his barons, instead of bidding them
farewell; and in this manner, poor, deprived of all his treasures, and
not retaining the smallest portion of land in peace, so that he was
truly called Lackland, he most miserably departed from this life on
the night following the next after the day of Saint Luke the
Evangelist. And because this John made himself detestable to many
persons, not only on account of the death of his nephew, Arthur, but
also on account of his tyrannical conduct, and of the tribute with
which he bound the kingdom of England under perpetual slavery,
and of the war which his misdeeds provoked, he scarcely deserved
to be mourned by the lamentations of any one.
The following are the territories which John lost by his cruelties
and oppressions, which he did not resist from doing to everyone.
First of all the duchy of Normandy, the County of Blois, the County of
Maine, Anjou, Poitou, the Limosin, Auvergne and Angoulême. And all
these districts at one time belonged to King John. Besides this he
subjected England and Ireland to the payment of tribute, and never
recovered any of his losses, to the day of his death.

GLASGOW: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD.
BELL'S English History Source Books

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.


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existence of such collections of original documents at so reasonable a
price must make the study of history infinitely easier for both teacher
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"Extracts such as will add flesh and blood to the dry-bones of a
textbook."—Journal of Education.
"We have often felt the need for such a book during our own
preparation of the history lesson, and we welcome this series.... In view
of the recent Regulations of the Department regarding history, the series
will be indispensable to those reading history for the L.C. Certificate."—
Educational News.
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chosen."—Guardian.
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much novel matter. The price of the volumes is almost ludicrously small
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Crown 8vo. With Maps and Plans. 2s.
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This volume may be used with advantage with Bell's English History
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BELL'S ENGLISH HISTORY SOURCE BOOKS.

Volumes now Ready. 1s. net each.


1307-1399. War and Misrule (special period for the School Certificate
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M.A., Headmaster of St. Peter's School, York, late Assistant Master at
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1485-1547. The Reformation and the Renaissance. Edited by F. W.
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