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edition-leet-2020-all-16-chapters-covered

All 16 Chapters Covered

SOLUTION MANUAL
 P2.1. Determine the deadweight of a 1-ft-long 72ʺ

segment of the prestressed, reinforced concrete 6ʺ

tee-beam whose cross section is shown in 6ʺ

Figure P2.1. Beam is constructed with 48ʺ 8ʺ 24ʺ

3
lightweight concrete which weighs 120 lbs/ft .
12ʺ

18ʺ
Section

P2.1

3
Compute the weight/ft. of cross section @ 120 lb/ft .

Compute cross sectional area:

æ1 ö
Area = (0.5 ´6 )+ 2 ´0.5 ´2.67 + (0.67 ´2.5 )+(1.5 ´1 )
¢
¢ ¢ ç ¢÷ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢
è2 ÷ø
= 7.5 ft 2
Weight of member per foot length:
wt/ft = 7.5 ft 2 ´120 lb/ft3 = 900 lb/ft.

2-2
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 three ply felt
P2.2. Determine the deadweight of a 1-ft-long 2ʺ insulation tar and gravel 3/4ʺ plywood
segment of a typical 20-in-wide unit of a roof
supported on a nominal 2 × 16 in. southern pine
beam (the actual dimensions are 21 in. smaller).
2
The 34 -in. plywood weighs 3 lb/ft . 1 1/2ʺ 15 1/2ʺ

20ʺ 20ʺ
Section

P2.2

See Table 2.1 for weights

wt /20¢¢ unit
20¢¢
Plywood: 3 psf´ ´1¢ = 5 lb
12
20¢¢
Insulation: 3 psf ´ ´1¢ = 5 lb
12
20¢¢ 9.17 lb
Roof’g Tar & G: 5.5 psf ´ ´1¢=
12 19.17 lb
lb (1.5¢¢´15.5)¢¢´1¢ = 5.97 lb
Wood Joist = 37 3
ft 14.4 in2 / ft3
Total wt of 20¢¢ unit = 19.17 + 5.97
= 25.14 lb. Ans.

2-3
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 P2.3.A wide flange steel beam shown in Figure
P2.3 supports a permanent concrete masonry wall,
8ʺ concrete masonry
floor slab, architectural finishes, mechanical and partition
electrical systems. Determine the uniform dead
9.5ʹ
load in kips per linear foot acting on the beam. concrete floor slab
The wall is 9.5-ft high, non-load bearing and
laterally braced at the top to upper floor framing
(not shown). The wall consists of 8-in. lightweight
reinforced concrete masonry units with an average piping
weight of 90 psf. The composite concrete floor slab mechanical
duct
construction spans over simply supported steel wide flange steel
beams, witha tributary width of 10 ft, and weighs beam with fireproofing
50 psf. ceiling tile and suspension hangers

The estimated uniform dead load for structural Section

steel framing, fireproofing, architectural features, P2.3

floor finish, and ceiling tiles equals 24 psf, and for
mechanical ducting, piping, and electrical systems
equals 6 psf.

Uniform Dead Load WDL Acting on the Wide Flange Beam:

Wall Load:
9.5¢(0.09 ksf) = 0.855 klf
Floor Slab:
10¢(0.05 ksf ) = 0.50 klf
Steel Frmg, Fireproof’g, Arch’l Features, Floor Finishes, & Ceiling:
10¢(0.024 ksf) = 0.24 klf
Mech’l, Piping & Electrical Systems:
10¢(0.006 ksf) = 0.06 klf
Total WDL = 1.66 klf

2-4
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 P2.4. Consider the floor plan shown in Figure 1 2 3
6 @ 6.67ʹ = 40ʹ
P2.4. Compute the tributary areas for (a) floor A
C4
beam B1, (b) floor beam B2, (c) girder G1,
B2 G1
(d) girder G2, (e) corner column C1, and B3
2 @ 10ʹ = 20ʹ
B4
(f ) interior column C C2
B
G4
G3 G2
B1 5 @ 8ʹ = 40ʹ

C
C3 C1
40ʹ 20ʹ

P2.4

4 ft 36 ft 4 ft
8 8 
(a) Method 1: A     40   A 320 ft
2

T
2 2  T

1  B1 B1
Method 2: A 320 4  4(4)  A 288 ft
2

2 
T T
6.67 ft 6.66 ft 6.67 ft

6.67 
(b) Method 1: A    20  
2
AT 66.7 ft
 2 
T


 1  
2
10 ft 10 ft
AT 55.6 ft
T   5 ft 5 ft
Method 2: A 66.7 2 3.33(3.33)  Right
2  Side

 Left
6.67 
(c) Method 1: A   
20 10(10)
 2 
T
Side 6.67 ft 6.66 ft 6.67 ft

AT 166.7 ft 2 G1 G1
166.7 2  3.33(3.33)  2  5(5) 
1 1
Method 2: A 36 ft 36 ft
T    
2  2  4 ft 4 ft

A 180.6 ft 2

40 20 
36 
(d) Method 1: A   
G2 G2
 2 
T
2

2
AT 1080 ft

1 
Method 2: A 1080 2  4(4) 
2 
T
B4
A 1096 ft 2
T
AT,C2

40 20 
(e) A     ; A 200 ft 2

 2  2 
T T
A T,C1
40 20 40 20 
(f) A       ; A 900 ft
2

 2 2  2 2 
T T

2-5
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

P2.5. Refer to Figure P2.4 for the floor plan. 1 2 3
6 @ 6.67ʹ = 40ʹ
Calculate the tributary areas for (a) floor beam C4
A
B3, (b) floor beam B4, (c) girder G3, (d) girder
G4, (e) edge column C3, and (f ) corner column B2 G1
B3 2 @ 10ʹ = 20ʹ
B4
C4.
C2
B G4
G3 G2
B1 5 @ 8ʹ = 40ʹ

C
C3 C1
40ʹ 20ʹ
P2.4

5 ft 10 ft 5 ft
(a) Method 1: A  10 20 
T

2
AT 200 ft B3 B3
1 

2
Method 2: A 200 4 5 6.67 ft 6.66 ft 6.67 ft

2 
T


2
 AT 150 ft
B4 B4

(b) Method 1: A  6.67 20  A 133.4 ft 2 36 ft 36 ft
T T
4 ft 4 ft
Method 2: A 1 2 
133.4 4 3.33
 
2 
T

AT 111.2 ft
2
G3 G3
33.33 ft 33.33 ft

3.33 ft 3.33 ft
(c) Method 1: A  36  20  A 720 ft 2 Right
T T Side
1 2 
Method 2: A 720 2 4  A 736 ft
2

2 
T T
Left
Side
4 ft 36 ft 4 ft
G4
(d) Method 1: A  4  40 33.33(10) G4
T

AT 493.4 ft
2

Method 2: A 493.4 2 14 2 1 3.33

T     A T,C4
2  2 
B4
A 488.5 ft
2

(e) A  30  20  ; A 600 ft 2

T T

( f ) A  10  10  ;
AT,C3
A 100 ft 2
T T

2-6
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 P2.6. The uniformly distributed live load on the 1 2 3
2 6 @ 6.67ʹ = 40ʹ
floor plan in Figure P2.4 is 60 lb/ft . Establish C4
A
the loading for members (a) floor beam B1,
B2 G1
(b) floor beam B2, (c) girder G1, and (d) girder B4 B3 2 @ 10ʹ = 20ʹ
G2. Consider the live load reduction if C2
permitted by the ASCE standard. B
G4
G3 G2
B1 5 @ 8ʹ = 40ʹ

C
C3 C1
40ʹ 20ʹ

P2.4

2
(a) A = 8(40) = 320 ft , K = 2, A K = 640 > 400 w
T LL T LL

æ 15 ö÷ 60
L = 60ç0.25 + = 50.6 psf , ok
>
èç ÷
640 ø 2
B1 and B2
w = 8(50.6) = 404.8 lb/ft = 0.40 kips/ft

6.67 2
(b) A = (20) = 66.7 ft , K = 2, A K = 133.4 < 400, No Reduction
T LL T LL
2
6.67
w= (60) = 200.1 lb/ft = 0.20 kips/ft
2

6.67 2
(c) A = (20) + 10(10) = 166.7 ft , K = 2, A K = 333.4 < 400, No Reduction
T LL T LL
2
6.67 P
w= (60) = 200.1 lb/ft = 0.20 kips/ft
2 w
q(W )(L ) 60(10)(20)
trib beam
P= = = 6000 lbs = 6 kips
2 2
G1
æ 40 20 ö÷ 2
(d) A = ç + 36 = 1080 ft , K = 2, A K = 2160 > 400
T ç ÷
è2 2ø
LL T LL

æ ö÷
L = 60ç0.25 +
15 = 34.4 60 , ok P P P P
÷>
çè 2160 ø 2
L = 34.4 psf
5 spaces @ 8’ each
æ 40 20 ö÷
P = 8(34.4) + = 8256 lbs = 8.26 kips
ççè 2
G2

2-7
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 P2.7. The uniformly distributed live load on the 1 2 3
2 6 @ 6.67ʹ = 40ʹ
floor plan in Figure P2.4 is 60 lb/ft . Establish C4
A
the loading for members (a) floor beam B3,
B2 G1
(b) floor beam B4, (c) girder G3, and girder G4. B4 B3 2 @ 10ʹ = 20ʹ
Consider the live load reduction if permitted by C2
the ASCE standard. B
G4
G3 G2
B1 5 @ 8ʹ = 40ʹ

C
C3 C1
40ʹ 20ʹ

P2.4

2
(a) A = 10(20) = 200 ft , K = 2, A K = 400 > 400
w
15 ö÷
T LL T LL

æ
L = 60ç0.25 + = 60 psf
èç 400
÷
ø
w = 10(60) = 600 lb/ft = 0.60 kips/ft B3 and B4

2
(b) A = 6.67(20) = 133.4 ft , K = 2, A K = 266.8 < 400, No Reduction
T LL T LL

w = 6.67(60) = 400.2 lb/ft = 0.40 kips/ft

2
(c) A = 36(20) = 720 ft , K = 2, A K = 1440 > 400 P P P P
T LL T LL

æ 15 ÷ö 60
L = 60ç0.25 + = 38.7 psf > , ok
ç ÷
è 1440 ø 2
5 spaces @ 8’ each
q(W )(L ) 38.7(8)(40)
P= trib beam = = 6192 lbs = 6.19 kips G3
2 2

æ 8 ö÷
(d) AT = ç
2

ç ÷ 40 + 33.33(10) = 493.3 ft , K = 2, A K = 986.6 > 400

÷
è2 ø
LL T LL

15 ö÷
æ
L = 60ç0.25 + = 43.7 60 , ok P P P P P
>
èç 986.6 ø÷ 2 w
w = 43.7(4) = 174.8 lb/ft = 0.17 kips/ft

43.7(6.67(20) 6 spaces @ 6.67’ each

P= = 2914.8 lbs = 2.91 kips
2 G4

2-8
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 P2.8. The building section associated with the
floor plan in Figure P2.4 is shown in Figure

3 @ 12ʹ = 36ʹ
2
P2.8. Assume a live load of 60 lb/ft on all three
floors. Calculate the axial forces produced by
the live load in column C1 in the third and first
stories. Consider any live load reduction if
permitted by the ASCE standard.
C3 C1
40ʹ 20ʹ
Building Section

P2.8

æ 40 20 ÷öæ 40 20 ÷ö 2
(a) A = ç + ç + = 900 ft , K
= 4, A K = 3600 > 400
T ç ÷ç ÷
è2 2 øè 2 2ø
LL T LL

æ 15 ö÷
L = 60ç0.25 + = 30 psf 60 , ok (minimum permitted)
=
èç ÷
3600 ø 2
P3rd = 900(30) = 27000 lbs = 27 kips

P1st = (3)900(30) = 27000 lbs = 81 kips

B4

AT,C2

AT,C1

PLAN

P3rd

P1st

C2

ELEVATION

2-9
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 P2.9. The building section associated with the
floor plan in Figure P2.4 is shown in Figure

3 @ 12ʹ = 36ʹ
2
P2.8. Assume a live load of 60 lb/ft on all three
floors. Calculate the axial forces produced by
the live load in column C3 in the third and first
stories. Consider any live load reduction if
permitted by the ASCE standard.
C3 C1
40ʹ 20ʹ
Building Section

P2.8

æ 40 20 ÷ö 2
(a) A = ç + 20 = 600 ft , K = 4, A K = 2400 > 400
T ç ÷
è2 2ø
LL T LL

æ ö÷
15 = 33.4 psf 60
L = 60ç0.25 + , ok
=
èç 2400 ø
÷ 2
P3rd = 600(33.4) = 20040 lbs = 20.0 kips

P1st = (3)600(33.4) = 60120 lbs = 60.1 kips

AT,C4
B4

AT,C3

PLAN

P3rd

P1st

C3

ELEVATION

2-10
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 P2.10. A five-story building is shown in Figure 1 2 3 4 5
P2.10. Following the ASCE standard, the wind A
pressure along the height on the windward side N
has been established as shown in Figure
P2.10(c). (a) Considering the windward pressure

3 @ 30ʹ = 90ʹ
B
in the east-west direction, use the tributary area
concept to compute the resultant wind force at
C
each floor level. (b) Compute the horizontal
base shear and the overturning moment of the
building. D

4 @ 25ʹ = 100ʹ
Plan
(a)

20
5 @ 12ʹ = 60ʹ

3 @ 20ʹ = 60ʹ
15

13

Building Section wind pressures

in lb/ft2

(b) (c)

P2.10

a) Resulant Wind Forces

Roof 20 psf (6 × 90) = 10,800 lb
th
5 floor 20 psf (12 × 90) = 21,600 lb
th
4 floor 20 psf (2 × 90) + 15 (10 × 90) = 17,100 lb
rd
3 floor 15 psf (10 × 90) + 13 (2 × 96) = 15,800 lb
nd
2 floor 13 psf (12 × 90) = 14,040 lb
b) Horizontal Base Shear VBASE = Σ Forces at Each Level =
k k k k k
10.8 + 21.6 + 17.1 + 15.8 + 14.04 = (a)
k
VBASE = 79.34
Overturning Moment of the Building =
Σ (Force
k
@ Ea. Level × Height above Base)
10.8 (60′)+ 21.6 (48′) + 17.1 (36′) +
k k
15.8 (24′)+ 14.04 (12′) =
M overturning = 2, 848ft.k

2-11
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 3ʹ 10ʹ 3ʹ
P2.11. A mechanical support framing system is hanger hanger

shown in Figure P2.11. The framing consists of

2.5ʹ vertical lateral bracing, located on
steel floor grating over steel beams and entirely 4 sides of framing (shown dashed)

supported by four tension hangers that are 5ʹ

mechanical
unit
connected to floor framing above it. It supports hanger
light machinery with an operating weight of 2.5ʹ

4000 lbs, centrally located. (a) Determine the hanger edge of mechanical support framing

impact factor I from the Live Load Impact Mechanical Floor Plan
(beams not shown)
Factor, Table 2.3. (b) Calculate the total live (a)

load acting on one hanger due to the machinery floor framing above supports

and uniform live load of 40 psf around the

machine. (c) Calculate the total dead load acting vertical lateral bracing beyond

on one hanger. The floor framing dead load is hanger

hanger
25 psf. Ignore the weight of the hangers. Lateral mechanical
unit floor grating

bracing is located on all four edges of the

mechanical floor framing for stability and mechanical
transfer of lateral loads. support framing
Section
(b)

P2.11

a) Live Load Impact Factor = 20%

b) Total LL
k
Machinery = 1.20 (4 kips) = 4.8
k
Uniform LL = ((10′ × 16′) ‒ (5′ × 10′)) (0.04 ksf) = 4.4
k
Total LL = 9.2

∴ Total′ LL Acting on One Hanger = 9.2 /4 Hangers = 2.3klps

k

c) Total DL
k
Floor Framing = 10′ × 16′ (0.025 ksf) =4

∴ Total DL Acting on one Hanger = 4 /4 Hangers = 1 kip

k

k k
∴ Total DL + LL on One Hanger = 2.3 + l = 3.3 kips

2-12
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 qz GCp qh GCp
P2.12. The dimensions of a 9-m-high warehouse
are shown in Figure P2.12. The windward and
leeward wind pressure profiles in the long
direction of the warehouse are also shown. 9m
20 m

Establish the wind forces based on the following

40 m
information: basic wind speed = 40 m/s, wind
(not to scale)
exposure category = C, Kd = 0.85, Kzt = 1.0,
G = 0.85, and Cp = 0.8 for windward wall and P2.12
‒0.2 for leeward wall. Use the Kz values listed in
Table 2.4. What is the total wind force acting in
the long direction of the warehouse?

Use I = 1 Total Windforce, FW, Windward Wall

2
qs = 0.613 V (Eq. 2.4b) FW = 481.8[4.6 × 20] + 510.2[1.5 × 20]
2
2
= 0.613(40) = 980.8 N/m + 532.9[1.5 × 20] + 555.6[1.4 × 20]
qz = qs IKz Kzt Kd FW = 91,180 N
qz = 980.8(1)(Kz )(1)(0.85) = 833.7 K z For Leeward Wall
2
0 - 4.6 m: q = 833.7(0.85) = 708.6 N/m p = q GC = q (0.85)(- 0.2)
z h p h
4.6 -6.1m: q = 833.7(0.90) = 750.3 N/m2 q = q at 9 m = 817.1 N/m2 (above)
z h z

6.1 = 7.6 m: qz = 833.7(0.94) = 783.7 N/m2 p = 817.1 (0.85)(- 0.2) = -138.9 N/m2
7.6 = 9 m: qz = 833.7(0.98) = 817.1 N/m2
Total Windforce, FL, on Leeward Wall
For the Windward Wall
*
p = qz GC p (Eq. 2.7) FL = (20´9)(-138.9) = -25,003 N
Total Force = FW + FL
where GC p = 0.85(0.8) = 0.68
= 91,180 N + 25,003
p = 0.68 qz
= 116,183.3 N
0 - 4.6 m p = 481.8 N/m2
4.6 -6.1 m p = 510.2 N/m2 *Both FL and FN Act in Same Direction.
6.1- 7.6 m p = 532.9 N/m2
7.6 -9 m p = 555.6 N/m2

2-13
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 P2.13. The dimensions of an enclosed gabled wind
building are shown in Figure P2.13a. The
external pressures for the wind load
perpendicular to the ridge of the building are
16ʹ
shown in Figure P2.13b. Note that the wind
pressure can act toward or away from the 16ʹ
windward roof surface. For the particular
building dimensions given, the Cp value for the 80ʹ
roof based on the ASCE standard can be
48ʹ
determined from Table P2.13, where plus and
minus signs signify pressures acting toward and
away from the surfaces, respectively. Where two (a)
values of Cp are listed, this indicates that the
windward roof slope is subjected to either qhGCp qhGCp
positive or negative pressure, and the roof
structure should be designed for both loading
conditions. The ASCE standard permits linear θ
h
q GC
of roof . But interpolation should only be qz GCp h p

carried out between values of the same sign.

Establish the wind pressures on the building
Section
when positive pressure acts on the windward (b)
roof. Use the following data: basic wind speed =
100 mi/h, wind exposure category = B, Kd = P2.13
0.85, Kzt = 1.0, G = 0.85, and Cp = 0.8 for
windward wall and 0.2 for leeward wall.

TABLE P2.13 Roof Pressure Coefficient Cp *θ defined in Figure P2.13

Windward Leeward
Angle θ 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 ≥60 10 15 ≥20
Cp −0.9 −0.7 −0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.2 0.0 0.01θ* −0.5 −0.5 −0.6
0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Consider Positive Windward Pressure on Roof, i.e. left side.

Interpolate in Table P2.10
(33.69 - 30)
C = 0.2 + ´0.1
p
( 35-30 )
Cp = 0.2738(Roof only)
From Table 2.4 (see p48 of text)
K z = 0.57, 0 -15¢
= 0.62, 15¢ - 20¢
Mean Roof Height, h 24 ft = 0.66, 20¢ - 25¢
æ ÷¢ ö
16 = 0.70, 25¢ -30¢
θ = tan-1 ç = 33.69 (for Table 2.10)
çè24 ¢ø÷ = 0.76, 30¢ -32¢

2-14
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P2.13. Continued Wind Pressure on Leeward Side

Kzt = 1.0, Kd = 0.85, I = 1 For Wall P = qh G C p

2
For h = 24¢; q h = qz = 14.36 lb/ft
2
qs = 0.00256 V (Eq 2.4a)
qs = 0.00256(100)2 = 25.6 lb/ft
2
Cp ‒0.2 for wall 0.6 for roof
qz = qs IKz Kzt Kd For Wall P = 14.36 (0.85)(0.2)
0–15¢; qz = 25.6 (1)(0.57)(1)(0.85) P = 2.44 lb/ft2
2
= 12.40 lb/ft For Roof P = 14.36 (0.85)(- 0.6)
15–16¢; q z = 13.49 lb/ft2
2
= -7.32 lb/ft (uplift)
h = 24; qz = 14.36 lb/ft 2
Wind Pressure on Windward Wall & Roof

P = qz GCP
¢
Wall 0–15 P = 12.40 × 0.85 × 0.80
P = 8.43 psf

Wall, 15¢–16¢ P = 13.49 × 0.85 × 0.8 = 9.17 psf

Roof, P = 14.36 × 0.85 × 0.2738
P = 3.34 psf

2-15
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 P2.14. Establish the wind pressures on the wind
building in Problem P2.13 when the windward
roof is subjected to an uplift wind force.
16ʹ

16ʹ

80ʹ

48ʹ

(a)

qhGCp qhGCp

θ
h
qzGCp q GC
h p

Section
(b)

P2.13

TABLE P2.13 Roof Pressure Coefficient Cp *θ defined in Figure P2.11

Windward Leeward
Angle θ 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 ≥60 10 15 ≥20
Cp −0.9 −0.7 −0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.2 0.0 0.01θ* −0.5 −0.5 −0.6
0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

See P2.13 Solution

Windward Roof (Negative Pressure)
33.7
Interpolate between 30and 35for negative Cp value in Table P2.12

C p = -0.274
p = qh GCp = 21.76(0.66) 0.85(-0.274)
= -3.34 lb/ft2 (Suction)

Note: Wind pressures on other 3 surfaces are the same as in P2.13.

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 P2.15. (a) Determine the wind pressure B

distribution on the four sides of the 10-story A leeward

hospital shown in Figure P2.15. The building is
located near the Georgia coast where the wind
C
velocity contour map in the ASCE Standard
specifies a design wind speed of 140 mph. The D

building, located on level flat ground, is F

140ʹ
classified as stiff because its natural period is E
less than 1 s. On the windward side, evaluate the
magnitude of the wind pressure every 35 ft in wind
140 mph G
the vertical direction. (b) Assuming the wind 160ʹ
pressure on the windward side varies linearly 80ʹ
between the 35-ft intervals, determine the total H
wind force on the building in the direction of the P2.15
wind. Include the negative pressure on the
leeward side.

(a) Compute Variation of Wind Pressure on Windward Compute Wind Pressure on Leeward Wall
Face p qz GCp; Use Value of qz at 140 ft. i.c. Kz 152
qz = qs IK z Kzt Kd Eq 2.8 C = -0.5 q = 49.05(1.52) = 74.556
p z
2
qs = 0.00256V Eq 2.6a p = 74.556 GCp = 74.556(0.85)(-0.5)
2
= 0.00256(140) p = -31.68 psf ANS.
qs = 50.176 psf; Round to 50.18 psf
Wind Pressure on Side Walls
I = 1.15 for hospitals
p = qz GCp = 49.05(1.52)(0.85)(-0.7)
Kzt = 1; Kd = 0.85
p = -44.36 psf
Kz, Read in Table 2.4
(b) Variation of Wind Pressure on Windward and
Elev. (ft) 0 35 70 105 140
Leeward Sides
Kz 1.03 1.19 1.34 1.44 1.52

qz = 50.18 (1.15)(Kz ) 1 (0.85)

qz = 49.05 K z

Compute Wind Pressure “p” on Windward Face

p = qz GCp = 49.05 Kz GCp

where G 0.85 for natural period less than 1 sec.

C p = 0.8 on windward side

p = 49.05 kz (0.85)(0.8)= 33.354 K z
Compute “p” for Various Elevations
Elev. (ft) 0 35 70 105 140
p (psf) 34.36 39.69 44.69 48.03 50.70

2-17
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P2.15. Continued
Compute Total Wind Force (kips)
50.7 + 48.02 é 35´160 ù
F1 = ê ú = 276.42 kips
2 ê 1000 ú
ë û
48.03 + 44.69 éê35´160ùú
F = = 259.62 k
2 êë 1000 ú
û
2
44.69 + 39.69 éê35´160 ù
ú = 236.26 k
F3 =
2 ê 1000 ú
ë û
39.69 + 34.36 éê 35´160 ùú
F4 = = 207.39 k
2 ê 1000 ú
ë û
31.68(140´160)
F5 = = 709.63k
1000
Total Wind Force = Σ F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 + F5
= 1689.27 kips

2-18
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 P2.16. Consider the five-story building shown 1 2 3 4 5
in Figure P2.10. The average weights of the A
2 2
floor and roof are 90 lb/ft and 70 lb/ft , N

respectively. The values of SDS and SD1 are equal

3 @ 30ʹ = 90ʹ
to 0.9g and 0.4g, respectively. Since steel B

moment frames are used in the north-south

direction to resist the seismic forces, the value
C
of R equals 8. Compute the seismic base shear
V. Then distribute the base shear along the
height of the building. D

4 @ 25ʹ = 100ʹ
Plan
(a)

20
5 @ 12ʹ = 60ʹ

3 @ 20ʹ = 60ʹ
15

13

Building Section wind pressures

in lb/ft2

(b) (c)
P2.10

Fundamental Period Vmin = 0.0441 I SDS W

T = C h4/ 4 [C = 0.035 for steel moment frames]
t n t = 0.0441 (1)(0.9)(3870)
T = 0.035(60)3/4 = 153.6 kips
T = 0.75 sec.
Therefore, Use V = 258 kips
W = 4(100´90) 90 lb/ft2 +(100´90) 70 lb/ft2
I- 0.5
= 3,870, 000 lbs = 3,870 kips k = 1+ = 1.125
2
SD1 W W hk
V= I = 1 for office bldgs. Fx = x x
V
T (R/ I ) å n W hk
0.4(3870) i=1 i i

V= = 258 kips
0.75(8/1)
SDS W 0.9(3870)
Vmax = =
R/ I 8/1
= 435 kips

2-19
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P2.16. Continued
Forces at Each Floor Level

W hk
x x
Floor Weight Wi, (kips) Floor Height hi (ft) Wi hik ΣW h k Fx (kips)
i i

Roof 630 60 63,061 0.295 76.1

th
5 810 48 63,079 0.295 76.1
th
4 810 36 45,638 0.213 56.0
rd
3 810 24 28,922 0.135 34.8
2nd 810 12 13,261 0.062 16.0
3,870 213,961 258

2-20
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 P2.17. When a moment frame does not exceed 12 stories in height and the story height is at least 10 ft,
the ASCE standard provides a simpler expression to compute the approximate fundamental period:

T = 0.1N

where N number of stories. Recompute T with the above expression and compare it with that
obtained from Problem P2.16. Which method produces a larger seismic base shear?

ASCE Approximate Fundamental Period:

T = 0.1N
N =5 \ T = 0.5seconds
0.3´6750
V= = 810 kips
0.5(5/1)
The simpler approximate method produces a larger value of base shear.

2-21
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 P2.18. (a) A two-story hospital facility shown in
Figure P2.18 is being designed in New York
with a basic wind speed of 90 mi/h and wind
exposure D. The importance factor I is 1.15 and
Kz 1.0. Use the simplified procedure to 15ʹ

determine the design wind load, base shear, and 15ʹ

building overturning moment. (b) Use the
equivalent lateral force procedure to determine
the seismic base shear and overturning moment.
2
The facility, with an average weight of 90 lb/ft 100ʹ
for both the floor and roof, is to be designed for
the following seismic factors: SDS 0.27g and P2.18
SD1 0.06g; reinforced concrete frames with an
R value of 8 are to be used. The importance
factor I is 1.5. (c) Do wind forces or seismic
forces govern the strength design of the
building?

(a) Wind Loads Using Simplified Procedure:

Design Wind Pressure Ps Kzt IPS30
1.66 Table 2.8, Mean Roof Height 30ʹ
Zones PS PS = 1.66(1)1.15PS 30 = 1.909 PS 30
30

A 12.8 psf 24.44 psf

C 8.5 psf 16.22 psf
Resultant Force at Each Level; Where Distance a 0.1(100) 10; 0.4(30) 12; 3
a = 10¢ Controls¢ & 2a = 20¢ Region(A)
15 20 ¢
F : Zone (A): = 3.67k
roof
2 (
24.44 psf
1000 )
15¢ 80¢
Zone (C): (
16.3 psf )= 9.78k
2 1000
k
Froof Resultant =13.45
20 ¢
(
F2nd: Zone (A): 15¢ 24.44 psf ) 1000 = 7.33 k

80 ¢
Zone (C): 15¢(16.3 psf) = 19.56 k

1000
F2nd Resultant = 26.89k
k
Base Sheak Vbase = Froof + F2nd = 40.34
Overturning Moment MO.T. = Σ Fihi
ft.k
MO.T. = 13.45 (30¢) + 26.89k (15¢) = 806.9
k

2-22
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P2.18. Continued
(b) Seismic Loads by Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure Given: W 90 psf Floor & Roof;
SDS 0.27g, SD1 0.06g; R = 8, I 1.5
SD1 W
Base Shear Vbase =
T (R/I)
Where W Total Building Dead Load 
Wroof = 90 psf (100¢)2 = 900k
W2nd = 90 psf (100¢)2 = 900k
k
Wtotal = 1800
And T = C T hxn = 0.342 sec.
CT = 0.016 Reinf. Concrete Frame
X = 0.9 Reinf. Concrete Frame
h = 30¢ Building Height
0.06( 1800k ) 59.2k
V = = 0.033W =
base
(0.342 sec)(8 /1.5 ) Controls
SDS W 0.27(1800k ) k
Vmax. = = = 0.051W = 91.1
R/I (8/1.5)
Vmin. = 0.044 S IW = 0.044(0.27)(1.5)(1800 k)
DS

= 0.0178W = 32.1k
WX hxk
Force @ Each Level FX = V , WhereV = 59.2k
k base base
ΣW h i i

T < 0.5 Sec. Thus K 1.0

Level Wi Hi Wi hik W hk W hk Force @ Ea. Level:

x x i i

Froof 39.5
k k
Roof 900 30 27000 0.667

F2nd 19.76
k k
2nd 900 15 13500 0.333

ΣWih ki = 40500 ΣFx = Vbase = 59.2k

Overturning Moment MO.T. = ΣFx hi
k
MO.T. = 39.5 (30¢) +19.76 (15
k
¢ ) = 1,481.4 ft ⋅ k

(c) Seismic Forces Govern the Lateral Strength Design.

2-23
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 P2.19. In the gabled roof structure shown in 1.0
Figure P2.13, determine the sloped roof snow 5°
load Ps. The building is heated and is located in
0.8
a windy area in Boston. Its roof consists of roofs with
obstructions or
asphalt shingles. The building is used for a non-slippery
manufacturing facility, placing it in a type II 0.6 surfaces
unobstructed
occupancy category. Determine the roof slope Cs
slippery
factor, Cs using the ASCE graph shown in 0.4 surfaces with
thermal resistance,
Figure P2.19. If roof trusses are spaced at 16 ft R ≥ 30°F·h·ft2 /Btu
on center, what is the uniform snow load along a (5.3°C·m2/W) for
truss? 0.2 unventilated roofs
or R ≥ 20°F·h·ft2/Btu
(3.5°C·m2/W) for
0 ventilated roofs
0 30° 60° 90°
Roof Slope
Roof slope factor Cs
with warm roofs and Ct ≤ 1.0
P2.19

qhGCp qhGCp

θ
h
q GC q GC
z p h p

Section
(b)
P2.13

Sloped Roof Snow Load PS CS From Fig. P2.17 Cs is Approximately 0.9 (Non-Slippery
pf
Where pf Flat Roof Snow Load Surface)
pf 0.7 CeCt I pg Pf = 0.7 (0.7)(1.0)(1.0)(40 psf ) = 19.6 psf
Ce = 0.7 Windy Area
Ps = Cs Ps = 0.9 (19.6 psf )= 17.64 psf
Ct = 1.0 Heated Building
I = 1.0 Type II Occupancy Uniform Load Acting on Trusses Spaced @ 16o.c.
Pg = 40 psf for Boston Wsnow = 17.64 psf (16¢) = 282.2 plf
æ ¢ö
16 ÷
Cs = Based on Roof Slope θ = Tan-1 ççè24 ¢÷ = 33.7
÷

2-24
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 P2.20. A beam that is part of a rigid frame has end moments and mid-span moments for dead, live,
and earth-quake loads shown below. Determine the governing load combination for both negative and
positive moments at the ends and mid-span of the beam. Earthquake load can act in either direction,
generating both negative and positive moments in the beam.

End Moments (ft-kip) Mid-Span Moments (ft-kip)

Dead Load 180 90
Live Load 150 150
Earthquake 80 0

Load Combinations-Factored Strength

End Moments

(
1.4 DL = 1.4 -180 ft ⋅ k ) O
= -252 ft ⋅ k
*

(
1.2 DL +1.6 LL + 0.5 LR or S ) = 1.2(-180)+1.6(-150) = -456 ft ⋅ k
O
1.2 DL  1.0 E + LL + 0.2 (S) = 1.2(-180)+ (-80)+(-150) = -446 ft ⋅ k

Mid-Span Moments

( )
1.4 DL = 1.4 +90 ft ⋅ k
O
= +126 ft ⋅ k
*

1.2 DL +1.6 LL + 0.5(L R or S ) = 1.2 (+90) +1.6 (+150) = +348ft ⋅ k

O
1.2 DL  1.0 E + LL + 0.2 (S) = 1.2( 90) + 0 +( 150) = +258ft ⋅ k

Beam Needs to be Designed for Max. End Moment 456 ftk

Max. Mid-Span Moment 348 ftk

2-25
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 P2.21. Calculate the vertical hydrostatic load on
the 5100-lb empty shipping container in Figure
P2.19 subjected to a tsunami inundation height 8.6ʹ
of 3ʹ. Assuming the container is water-tight, will
the tsunami wave be capable of carrying away
the container as debris?

P2.21

FV = γsVW = 70.4(3)(8)(20)
FV = 33792 lbs
FV = 33.8 kips
33.8 kips > Wcontainer = 5.1 kips
Yes, the container will be carried away.

2-26
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 30ʹ 30ʹ
P2.22. Consider the building in Figure P2.22,
which has a width into the page of 35 ft. A E I

Maximum inundation height, hmax, and flow

IN Flow 16ʹ
velocity, umax, have been determined as 33 ft
and 20 ft/sec, respectively. Calculate the B F J
hydrodynamic and hydrostatic resultant load and
OUT Flow 16ʹ
location on the walls ABC and IJKL for Load 3ʹ
Cases 2 and 3, due to both inflow and outflow C G K

directions. If windows are inundated, calculate

the expected hydrostatic loading on the adjacent 16ʹ OPEN

outside walls due to water retained by the floor, D H L

or floors. Finally, calculate the debris impact
P2.22
load to be applied to the free-standing column
CD. Assume Itsu = 1.0 and Cd = 1.25.

Load Case 2: Load Case 3:

2 hmax = hdes = 33 ft
h max = hdes = 22 ft
3 1 J

u max = udes = 20 ft/sec umax = udes = 6.67 ft/sec

3
3 ft K 6 ft
FdK
Hydrodynamic, Load Case 2 Hydrodynamic, Load Case 3 8 ft

hdes,K = Trib height = 8 + 6 = 14 ft hdes ,J = Trib height = 1 + 8 = 9 ft 8 ft

1 2 1 2
F = γ (I )(C )(C )(B)(h )(20 ) F = 70.4(1.0)(1.25)(1.0)(35)(9)(6.67 )
dK s tsu d cx des , K Load Case 2
2 dJ
2
1 2

FdK = 70.4(1.0)(1.25)(1.0)(35)(14)(20 ) FdJ = 616 kips

2
= hdes,K = Trib height = 8 + 8 = 16 ft
FdK 8624 kips J 1 ft
1 2
FdJ
FdK = 70.4(1.0)(1.25)(1.0)(35)(16)(6.67 ) 8 ft
2 8 ft
3 ft
FdK = 1096.2 kips K
FdK
Hydrostatic on interior walls
8 ft
1 2
1 2 8 ft
F = γ bh = 70.4(35)3
h s des
2 2
Load Case 3
h J

Debris Impact on CD 3 ft Fh K
Fi = 330Co I tsu = 330(0.65)(1.0)

Fh = 214.5 kips

Hydrostatic on inside walls

2-27
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 FUNDAMENTALS OF
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

5th Edition

Kenneth M. Leet, Chia-Ming Uang, Joel T. Lanning, and Anne M. Gilbert

SOLUTIONS MANUAL

CHAPTER 3: STATICS OF STUCTURES - REACTIONS

3-1
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 P3.1. Determine the reactions for the structure. 10 kips

4 5 kips/ft
3

A B

4ʹ 5ʹ 4ʹ

P3.1

20 kips
10 kips 5 kip/ft
A 8 kips
6 kips
B
Ax
4 ft 5 ft 4 ft By
Ay



ΣMA 0;
8 k(4 ) 20k (11) 
y
B 130
By 19.38 kips 

 

ΣFx 0;
Ax 
6 k 0
Ax 6 k 



 ΣFy = 0;
Ay 
8 k 
20k +19.38k = 0
Ay = 8.62k 

3-2
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 8 kips
P3.2. Determine the reactions for the structure. 15 kip • ft
5ʹ

B F C

5ʹ

D E

4ʹ
5ʹ
6 kips

10ʹ

P3.2



ΣMA 0;
ft ⋅ k
15 8k (5) 6 k (4) C
y
(10) 0
C y 8.5k 

  ΣFy 0;
8k 
6 k 8.5k yA 0
Ay 5.5k 

uuur
ΣFx 0; Ax 0

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