JSPM’s

RAJARSHI SHAHU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

POLYTECHNIC, TATHAWADE, PUNE-33
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic
Institute Vision Institute Mission
“To satisfy the aspirations of youth force, who “To provide, nurture and maintain an environment of high
want tolead the nation towards prosperity through academic excellence, research and entrepreneurship for all
techno-economic development.” aspiring students, which will prepare them to face global
challenges maintaining high ethical and moral standards.”
JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Vision Mission
M1- To impart quality and real time education to contribute
“To develop self-reliant, innovative, quality to the field of Civil Engineering.
conscious Civil Engineers useful to the
M2- To impart soft skills and professional ethics among the
Industry and society.”
students for successful career including entrepreneurship.
M3- To create mind-set among the students for life-long
learning considering socialfactors
Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs) Program Outcomes (POs)
PSO1. Plan, analyse, design, prepare cost estimate 1. Basic and Discipline specific knowledge: Apply knowledge
& execute all kinds of civil engineering projects. of basic mathematics, science and Engineering fundamentals and
engineering specialization to solve the engineering problems.
PSO2. Provide sustainable solutions to the civil 2. Problem analysis: Identify and analyse well-defined
engineering problems. engineering problems using codified standard methods.
3. Design/ development of solutions: Design solutions for well-
defined technical problems and assist with the design of systems
components or processes to meet specified needs.
4. Engineering Tools, Experimentation and Testing: Apply
modern engineering tools and appropriate technique to conduct
standard tests and measurements.
5. Engineering practices for society, sustainability and
environment: Apply appropriate technology in context of
society, sustainability, environment and ethical practices.
6. Project Management: Use engineering management
principles individually, as a team member or a leader to manage
projects and effectively communicate about well-defined
engineering activities.
7. Life-long learning: Ability to analyse individual needs and
engage in updating in the context of technological changes.
Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
PEO 1. Provide socially responsible, environment friendly solutions to Civil engineering related broad-based
problems adapting professional ethics.
PEO 2. Adapt state-of-the-art Civil engineering broad-based technologies to work in multi- disciplinary work
environments.
PEO 3. Solve broad-based problems individually and as a team member communicating effectively in the
world of work.
 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

Project Report

on

“REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE : A SOLAR ROADWAYS FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS”

Submitted As Per Curriculum Of

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

Towards Partial Fulfilment of Civil Engineering Diploma

Submitted By

1) ARTI PANJABRAO CHAVAN

2) AAKANKSHA BABURAO BHEGADE
3) SHREYA SHANTARAM BHEGADE
4) NAMRTA MADANPAL SURADKAR
5) KSHITIJA SUNIL KALAM

Under The Guidance Of

Prof. Ms. Vishakha O. Shirsat

Jayawant Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s

Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering &
Polytechnic.
Department of Civil Engineering

ACADEMIC YEAR (2024-2025)

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

JSPM’s
Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering ,Polytechnic,
Tathawade, Pune-33, Maharashtra
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Academic Year :- 2024-25

CLASS :- CE6I SUBJECT :- Capstone Project Execution (22060)

TITLE OF PROJECT: REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR

ROADWAYS FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

GROUP NO:- 01

GROUP MEMBERS:

ENROLLMENT NO. NAME OF STUDENT

2216200141 ARTI PANJABRAO CHAVAN

2216200126 AAKANKSHA BABURAO BHEGADE
2216200131 SHREYA SHANTARAM BHEGADE
2216200136 NAMRTA MADANPAL SURADKAR
2216200002 KSHITIJA SUNIL KALAM

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Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous)(ISO-9001-2008)(ISO/IEC27001:2013)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that MS. ARTI PANJABRAO CHAVAN of Diploma In Civil Engineering of JSPM’s
Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering (Polytechnic) (Code: 1620) has completed projects of the course
Capstone Project Execution (22060) as prescribed in the curriculum for the academic year 2024-2025.

Place:- Tathawade, Pune

Date:

Prof. Ms. V. O. Shirsat Prof. Mrs. P. S. Parihar

(Project Guide) (Project Co-ordinator)

Prof. Mrs. L. K. More Dr. S. S. Gaikwad

(Head of Department) (Principal)

Seal
of
Institute

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

EXAMINER APPROVAL

A Report Capstone Project Entitled

REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE : A SOLAR ROADWAYS FOR JSPM’S

CAMPUS

Submitted By:-

1) ARTI PANJABRAO CHAVAN

2) AAKANKSHA BABURAO BHEGADE
3) SHREYA SHANTARAM BHEGADE
4) NAMRTA MADANPAL SURADKAR
5) KSHITIJA SUNIL KALAM

It is approved for the award of Diploma in Civil Engineering of Maharashtra State Board of
Technical Education at Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering Polytechnic, Tathawade, Pune
411033.

Examiner:-…………………………………

External Examiner:-……………………………..

Internal Examiner:-………………………………….

Date:-…………………………………………..

Place:-…………………………………..

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

1) Action Plan: 1-8 weeks

Name of the
Sr. No. Details of activity Start date Finish date responsible team
member.

1. Discussion of topic

2. Finalization of topic

3. Preparation of Abstract

4. Submission of Synopsis

5. Literature survey

6. Collection of data

7. Collection of data

8. Discussion of content

2) Action Plan: 9-16 weeks

Name of the
Sr. No. Details of activity Start date Finish date responsible team
member.

9. Proof Reading of Content

10. Editing of Content

11. Editing of Content
12. Completion of Report
13. Completion of Presentation
14. Viva
15. Presentation
16. Final Submission

Prof. Ms. Vishakha O. Shirsat

(Project Guide)

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

DEFINITION OF PROJECT

P- Planning before coming out the work

R- Reviewing the plan and strategies

O- Organization the strategies into experiments

J- Joint effort put into action

E- Estimation and evaluation of performance

C- Costing and casting of performance

T- Totality of application and direction

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to all those who have supported and guided
us throughout the completion of this project.

First and foremost, we are deeply thankful to our respected Principal, Dr. Sarita S. Gaikwad, for
providing us with the opportunity and facilities to carry out this project successfully.

We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to our Head of Department, Prof. Mrs. Leena K.
More, for her continuous encouragement and valuable support during the course of this work.

We are also thankful to our Project Coordinator, Prof. Mrs. Preeti S. Parihar, for her constant
motivation and coordination throughout the project development.

We express our sincere appreciation and gratitude to our project guide, Prof. Ms. Vishakha O.
Shirsat, for her invaluable guidance, support, and encouragement throughout the execution of this
project. Her insights and suggestions played a crucial role in shaping our work.

Lastly, we would like to thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff, as well as our friends and
teammates, for their assistance and cooperation during the course of this project.

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

CONTENTS

▪ CERTIFICATE

▪ DEFINITION OF PROJECT

▪ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

▪ INDEX

▪ LIST OF FIGURES

▪ ABSTRACT

▪ KEYWORDS

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INDEX

CHAPTER SUBTITLE
CHAPTER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
NO. NO.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
1 1.2 Background of solar roadway 2-4
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Scope of project
2 METHODOLOGY 5-6
3 LITERATURE REVIEW 7-9
CASE STUDIES
4.1 Solar roadway in Uttarpradesh Bundelkhand
4 10-13
4.2 India’s first solar highway in Maharashtra
4.3 France opened 1Km solar Road in 2016
5 QUESTIONARY SURVEY 14-16
SITE VISIT
6.1 Importance of site selection
6.2 Option considered for site selection
6 17-20
6.3 Why JSPM’S campus was selected
6.4 On sight survey and observation
6.5 Calculations and result
INTERVIEW OF ELECTRICIAN
7 7.1 Introduction 21-23
7.2 Questionary survey of electrician
DESIGN AND STRUCTURE OF SOLAR ROADWAY
8.1 Structure of solar roadway
8.2 Phase I research
8 8.3 Phase II research 24-37
8.4 Phase II B research
8.5 Experiment for solar roadway
10.9 Estimation of working model required material

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PROBLEM STATEMENT
Problem 1
9.1
Problem 2
9.2
Problem 3
9 9.3 38-40
Problem 4
9.4
Problem 5
9.5
Problem 6
9.6

WORKING MODEL AND ITS ESTIMATION

Introduction
10.1
Components used
10.2
Construction details
10.3
Working principle
10.4
10 41-47
Objective demonstrated
10.5
Programming for speed detection
10.6
Picture of working model
10.7
Participate in symbiosis University project competition
10.8
Estimation of working model required material
10.9

11 CONCLUSION 48-49

12 REFERENCES 50-51
PUBLISHED PAPER IN WORLD JOURNAL
13 ADVANCE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AND -
SCIENCE (WJAETS)
14 CERTIFICATES -

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LIST OF FIGURE

SR. FIGURE NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO.

NO. NO.
1 4.1 Approval by PM Narendra Modi 11
2 4.2 Solar roadway 12
3 4.3 Construction solar roadway 13
4 5.1 Surveying for better solution 16
5 6.1 Visual study during site 20
6 7.1 Field interview - electrical infrastructure insights from JSPM’s 22
electrician
7 7.2 Electrician sharing insights with team 23
8 8.1 Working methodology 25
9 8.2 Testing the transmittance float glass 26
10 8.3 Cut way view of stormwater retention system 27
11 8.4 Side view of stonewater 28
12 8.5 LED circuit board - 64 boards per panel 29
13 8.6 Microprocessor board 29
14 8.7 Glass design for providing group surface for solar roadway 31
15 8.8 Moisture testing 32
16 8.9 Load testing 33
18 8.10 Beginning construction alongside the electronics lab 33
19 8.11 Side of the cable corridor 34
20 8.12 Road bed in place 34
21 8.13 Conduit installation 35
22 8.14 Ready for concrete 36
23 8.15 Base poured contains recycle glass 36
24 8.16 Cable corridor and base complete 36
25 8.17 Inside the cable corridor 37
26 8.18 The complete prototype parking lot for experiment 38
27 10.1 Picture of working model 45
28 10.2 Participate in symbiosis University project competition 46

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ABSTRACT
This Project proposes implementation of solar roadway on the JSPM campus, integrating renewable
energy generation, intelligent transportation systems, and smart infrastructure. The solar roadway
will harness solar energy to provide electricity to roadside street lamps reducing reliance on
conventional energy sources. Additionally, the System will incorporate speed detection technology
to monitor and manage vehicular traffic, enhancing road safety and reducing accidents. The
proposed system will be designed, simulated, and analyzed to evaluate its technical feasibility,
economic viability, and environmental benefits. The findings of this study will provide valuable
insights into the potential of solar roadway to transform the ISPM’s campus from “main gate to
canteen Gate into a sustainable, smart, energy efficient community.

Keywords: Smart Roads, Speed Detection, Road Surface Layer, Electronic Layer: LED’S Layer

Renewable Energy System through Solar Roadways , Solar roadways are an innovative approach
to generating renewable energy while simultaneously providing a sustainable infrastructure
solution. By integrating solar panels into road surfaces, we can harness the energy from the sun to
power our transportation systems, homes, and businesses. Solar roadways offer a promising
solution for sustainable infrastructure and renewable energy generation. While challenges exist,
opportunities for innovation and research can help overcome these hurdles. As technology
continues to evolve, solar roadways can play a vital role in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and
promoting energy sustainability.

The expected outcomes of this project include:

- Reduced carbon emissions and greenhouse gas footprint
- Increased energy efficiency and reduced energy costs
- Enhanced safety features, including speed detection and real-time monitoring
- Opportunities for research, education, and community engagement.

This project has the potential to contribute significantly to the development of sustainable infrastructure and
renewable energy systems, while also enhancing the safety and efficiency of transportation systems.

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CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

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1.1 General

As the world grapples with the challenges of climate change, energy security, and sustainable
development, innovative solutions are needed to transform the way we live, work, and travel. One
such solution is the integration of solar energy into our transportation infrastructure, specifically
through the development of solar roadways. The concept of solar roadways involves embedding
solar panels and other technologies into roads and highways to generate electricity, provide real-
time data on traffic patterns, and enhance safety features.
The JSPM’s campus revolutionize its transportation infrastructure with the introduction of solar
Roadway а cutting-edge technology that integrates solar panels, smart sensors, and energy
harvesting to create a sustainable and Intelligent transportation system. This innovative project aims
to provide a clean source of electricity to the nearby area. Powering streetlights, homes, and
businesses. Additionally, the Solar Roadway system will be equipped with advanced speed
detection technology, enabling real-time monitors monitoring and management of traffic flow,
reducing accidents, and enhancing overall road safety.
By harnessing the power of solar energy and leveraging smart technology, the JSPM’s campus will
a new standard for sustainable and intelligent transportation infrastructure. JSPM’s College
Campus. This capstone project aims to investigate the technical, economic, and environmental
viability of rebuilding the infrastructure of solar roadways on the JSPM’s College Campus, with
the goal of generating electricity for nearby areas and detecting speed.
The project will employ a multidisciplinary approach, combining expertise in solar energy, civil
engineering, computer science, and data analytics. Through a comprehensive review of existing
literature, site analysis, and stakeholder engagement, this project will provide a detailed feasibility
study and proposed design for solar roadways on the JSPM’s College Campus. This project has the
potential to contribute significantly to the development of sustainable infrastructure and renewable
energy systems, while also enhancing the safety and efficiency of transportation systems.

1.2 Background of the solar roadway

The global energy crisis and environmental concerns have intensified the search for sustainable
solutions to generate electricity. Fossil fuels, which currently dominate energy production,
Contribute to air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. Additionally, the rapid
urbanization and increasing energy demands have put tremendous pressure on conventional power
grids, leading to frequent shortages and high electricity costs.
One sector that remains largely untapped for energy generation is the roadway infrastructure. Roads
occupy vast land areas but are primarily used for vehicle transportation without contributing to
energy production. This presents a unique opportunity to integrate solar panels into road surfaces
to generate electricity while maintaining their primary function of supporting vehicular and
pedestrian movement.

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

Despite its potential, the implementation of solar roadways faces challenges such as:
• High initial costs of solar panels and installation.
• Durability concerns due to constant vehicular pressure.
• Energy efficiency limitations compared to traditional solar farms.
• Maintenance and cleaning requirements to ensure optimal performance.
This project explores the feasibility of implementing solar roadways, focusing on their energy
generation potential, efficiency, and practical applications within the JSPM’s Campus and
surrounding areas.

1.3 Objectives
• To construct smart Infrastructure two way road for JSPM’S, Rajarshi shahu college of
engineering Tathawade campus from entrance to canteen gate
• ⁠Produce electricity for the streetlights on the route.
• Create speed sensors on the street.
• To evaluate the estimation for proposed project
1.3 Scope of Project
The scope of this capstone project is to investigate the feasibility of rebuilding the infrastructure of
solar roadways on the JSPM’s College Campus, with the goal of generating electricity for nearby
areas and detecting speed.
Specific Scope:
1. Solar Roadway Design: Design a solar roadway system that integrates solar panels, energy
storage systems, and smart infrastructure to provide a sustainable and efficient source of
energy.
2. Energy Generation and Storage: Investigate the potential of solar roadways to generate
electricity and store excess energy for use during periods of low solar irradiance or at night.
3. Speed Detection and Safety Features: Examine the potential of solar roadways to detect
speed and enhance safety features, including automatic warning systems and enhanced
lighting.
4. Smart Infrastructure and Monitoring: Develop a smart infrastructure system that can
monitor and control the solar roadway system in real-time, including energy generation,
energy storage, and energy usage.
5. Feasibility Study and Analysis: Conduct a comprehensive feasibility study and analysis of
the proposed solar roadway system, including its technical, economic, and environmental
viability.

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CHAPTER-2
METHODOLOGY

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METHODOLOGY

LITERATURE REVIEW

CASE STUDIES

QUESTIONARY SURVEY

SITE VISIT

INTERVIEW OF ELECTRICIAN

DESIGN & STRUCTURE OF

SOLAR ROADWAY

ESTIMATION

CONCLUSION

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CHAPTER -3
LITERATURE
REVIEW

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

1. Prof. Sudhir Autoed, (11 November 2023) the implementation of solar roads is currently not
feasible due to their high initial costs, which are three to five times that of traditional asphalt roads.
While solar roads offer significant energy and environmental benefits, their large-scale adoption
requires substantial government grants and financial support. The high cost of photovoltaic
materials, along with installation and maintenance expenses, makes it challenging to deploy solar
roadways on a large scale. However, with advancements in solar technology, efficiency
improvements, and cost reductions, solar roads may become a viable infrastructure solution in the
next 10–15 years. Future research and development in photovoltaic materials, energy storage, and
durable road surfaces can contribute to making solar roads more practical and economically
feasible. As technology progresses, integrating solar panels into roadways may revolutionize
sustainable energy production and reduce dependency on conventional fossil fuels.

2. Prof. Dr. JP Kesari, (3 March 2021) solar roadways integrate solar panels, LEDs, and
microprocessors into durable road surfaces to generate electricity, improve safety, and promote
sustainability. Developed by Solar Roadways Inc., these innovative roads offer an eco-friendly
alternative to traditional asphalt, especially as fossil fuel reserves continue to decline. By harnessing
solar energy, they contribute to reducing carbon emissions and dependence on non-renewable
resources. Additionally, solar roadways can melt snow, reducing the need for de-icing chemicals
and improving road safety in colder regions. They also support smart grids by efficiently
distributing renewable energy to nearby areas. While their high initial costs and durability concerns
pose challenges, ongoing advancements in solar panel efficiency and material technology may
enhance their feasibility. With continued research and government support, solar roadways have
the potential to revolutionize transportation infrastructure, offering a sustainable solution for future
energy and environmental needs.
3. Prof. Dr. Vishal P. Deshmukh, (30 August 2021) solar road panels and smart roads provide a
sustainable approach to infrastructure development by integrating renewable energy solutions.
These innovative roadways harness solar energy to generate electricity, which can be utilized for
street lighting, traffic signals, and even nearby residential or commercial buildings. Additionally,
solar roads contribute to reducing carbon footprints by minimizing reliance on fossil fuels and
lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Beyond environmental benefits, smart roads enhance safety
through embedded sensors, LED indicators, and wireless communication systems that optimize
traffic management. They also support electric vehicle charging, further promoting clean energy
adoption. While initial installation costs may be high, the long-term economic and social benefits,
including reduced energy costs and enhanced road durability, justify the investment. The adoption
of solar road technology represents a step towards sustainable urban infrastructure, offering a
balance between innovation, safety, and environmental responsibility.
4. Prof. Manoj Kumar Panwar,(9 September 2021 ) India can significantly enhance its economy
and infrastructure by adopting solar roadways, which offer multiple benefits such as clean energy
generation, reduced global warming, improved safety, and smart traffic communication. Solar roads
utilize embedded solar panels to harness renewable energy, which can be used to power streetlights,
electric vehicles, and nearby infrastructure. Efficient traffic management. While the initial costs of
implementation are high, government incentives, technological advancements, and private sector
investments can make this innovation more feasible. With India’s growing energy demands and the
push for smart cities, solar roads have the potential to revolutionize transportation infrastructure
while supporting economic growth and environmental conservation.

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5. Prof. Sri Mahalakshmi Pendyala, (11 November 2021 ) researchers are focusing on developing
solar roads in India by addressing cost and durability challenges through innovation and
government support. Given India’s high solar potential, integrating solar panels into roadways can
provide a sustainable energy solution while reducing dependence on fossil fuels. However, the high
initial investment and maintenance costs remain key barriers to large-scale implementation.
Researchers are exploring cost-effective materials, improved photovoltaic efficiency, and advanced
road designs to enhance the feasibility of solar roads. Government initiatives, subsidies, and
collaborations with private industries play a crucial role In promoting this technology. Additionally,
the durability of solar panels under heavy traffic conditions and extreme weather is a critical aspect
being studied. With continuous advancements, solar roads could become a viable infrastructure
solution for India’s growing energy demands, contributing to environmental sustainability and a
cleaner future.
6. Prof. Ankit Singh, (9 September 2019) smart roadways are not only a source of surplus electricity
generation but also a revolutionary step towards intelligent transportation systems. These roads
incorporate advanced technologies to enhance safety by providing real-time alerts to drivers about
accidents, obstacles, and natural calamities. The integration of smart sensors and LED-based
signaling systems ensures improved traffic management and minimizes road hazards. Additionally,
upgrading existing road infrastructure with smart road technology presents economic advantages,
such as job creation, increased revenue, and opportunities for private investment. Since these
enhancements can be implemented with minimal additional costs, they offer a cost-effective
solution for sustainable urban development. Furthermore, the surplus electricity generated from
solar-integrated roadways can be utilized to power nearby infrastructure, reducing dependency on
conventional energy sources. This approach not only promotes environmental conservation but also
paves the way for self-sustaining, technology-driven transportation networks.

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CHAPTER -4
CASE STUDIES

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4.1 SOLAR ROADWAY IN UTTARPRADESH BUDELKHAND

Bundelkhand Expressway in Uttarpradesh is all set to become the first greenfield expressway to be
fully dependent on solar power. Operational since last year, the Bundelkhand Expressway will see
solar panels installed across the highway, which will not only help in lighting up the road for
commuters but also provide energy solutions for electric vehicles as well as homes along the
highway. The state government plans to transform the Bundelkhand Expressway as a solar-powered
expressway under the PPP model. It is expected to generate 550 MW of solar power. O transform
Bundelkhand Expressway into solar-powered highway, the state government has identified 1,700
hectres of land.

FIG. NO. 4.1 : Approval by P.M. Narendra Modi

The four-lane expressway is divided into two parts besides a dedicated service lane. Solar panels
will be set up in the gap between two lanes measuring around 20 meters. This strip of land is
currently being used for fencing to separate the expressway from agricultural land next to it.
Uttar Pradesh Expressway Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA) has initiated the bidding
process for this project, which will be based on PPP model. As many as eight solar power
developers are in the fray including Tusco, Torrent Power, Somaya Solar Solutions, 3R
Management, Avaada Energy, Atria Brindavan Power, Erisha E Mobility and Mahapreit. Once
operational, the solar-powered Bundelkhand Expressway can generate up to 4 crore through lease
rent for the UPEIDA. The cost of energy generated by the expressway could lead to an annual profit
of ₹50 crore. While Bundelkhand Expressway is all set to be the state’s first solar-powered
highway, the state government could later replicate the same model in other expressways like
Purvanchal Expressway, Agra-Lucknow Expressway and Gorakhpur Expressway.

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4.2 INDIA WILL PLANNING SOLAR POWERED HIGHWAY IN MAHARASHTRA

FIG. NO. 4.2 : solar roadway

Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC) is planning to make Mumbai-Nagpur
Super expressway as the country’s first solar-powered highway.
According to a report in the Asian Age, installation of solar panels along the highway stretch will
not only generate solar power for the whole Expressway but also for the neighboring villages which
are located alongside the proposed E-way. Various international institutions have also proposed to
install the solar panels on the expressway.
The MSRDC has submitted a pre-feasibility report to the Union Ministry of environment and
climate change and has proposed the use of non-conventional energy sources like wind and solar
panels as infrastructure along the alignment of the Mumbai-Nagpur expressway.
The MSRDC has submitted a pre-feasibility report to the Union Ministry of environment and
climate change and has proposed the use of non-conventional energy sources like wind and solar
panels as infrastructure along the alignment of the Mumbai-Nagpur expressway.
The report has quoted a MSRDC top official as saying, “We have asked the private institutes to
prepare a presentation on the proposal of solar panels. The presentation will give us a rough idea
as to how much megawatts of solar power can be generated and also as to where the solar panels
will be installed. There are many options like on the median (middle) of alignment or on the
sideways or on the land surface.”

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4.3 FRANCE OPENED 1 KM SOLAR ROAD IN 2016

Consisting of somewhere in the region of 2880 m2 of solar panels, this solar road in France was
One of first in the world . it was build using colas wattway tech and runs 1 km in tourouvre-au-
perchehe. Anderson foundation helped fund a 50 m2 of the first wattway pilot in the united states.

FIG. NO. 4.3 : Construction solar roadway

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CHAPTER -5
QUESTIONARY
SURVEY

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• QUESTIONARY SURVEY
• Analysis of pedestrian response
We have done questionnaires survey by asking some question to the randomly walking people. We
have done survey of 30 pedestrian by asking 10 Question in that 15 pedestrian was Collage student, 5
pedestrian was teaching staff of our Institute, 4 pedestrian was old age people, 3 pedestrian was non
teaching staff and 3 was other Collage student. Maximum peoples are sure that the solar roadway is
necessary to built and it will help . The Analysis of pedestrian response o questionnaires survey are as
follow:-

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Question Pedestrian’s Response

No. P. 1 P. 2 P. 3 P. 4 P. 5 P. 6 P. 7 P. 8 P. 9 P. 10
Q. 1 Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Q. 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes
Q. 3 No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Q. 4 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Q. 5 No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes
Q. 6 No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Q. 7 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
Q. 8 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
Q. 9 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes
Q. 10 No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Q. 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Q. 12 Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes
Q. 13 No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Q. 14 No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes
Q. 15 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No

FIG. NO. 5.1 :- Surveying for better solutions

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CHAPTER -6
SITE VISIT

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6.1 Importance of Site Selection

Site selection is a crucial part of any infrastructure project, especially when it involves solar energy
systems. For our project, selecting the right location was important because factors like sunlight
exposure, road condition, traffic flow, and safety affect the performance and practicality of the solar
roadway. A well-chosen site can improve energy output, reduce maintenance issues, and help in
better data collection. If the site is not suitable, even the best design may not perform well. That’s
why we gave priority to this step before moving into implementation.

6.2 Options Considered for Site Selection

We started by exploring different types of sites where solar roadways could be implemented.
Some of the initial ideas included:

• Public roads near residential areas

• Roads near small industrial zones
• Roads within educational campuses like colleges or universities

However, each of these came with its own pros and cons. Public roads required government
permissions and had high traffic, which made it risky for a student project. Industrial areas had
heavy vehicle movement and were far from our location. We needed a place where we could work
safely, take regular measurements, and manage the installation easily. After comparing all options,
we focused our attention on educational campuses and finally shortlisted JSPM’s campus.
Why JSPM’s Campus Was Selected

6.3 Why JSPM’s Campus Was Selected ?

There were several strong reasons why JSPM’s campus was the best choice for our project:

• Accessibility: As students of JSPM, we have full access to the campus and can visit the site
regularly.
• Sunlight Exposure: Most internal roads receive direct sunlight for 6–7 hours daily, making it
perfect for solar panel performance.
• Safety: Compared to public roads, the internal campus roads have low to medium traffic and
are safe for testing our prototype.
• Electricity Use Nearby: The generated solar energy can be directly used in nearby college
buildings such as classrooms, hostels, labs, or for lighting.
• Administrative Support: Getting permission was easier, and the college encourages student
innovations and eco-friendly solutions.
• Road Quality: The roads are well-paved and suitable for laying solar panels without major
modification.

These factors made JSPM’s the most logical, safe, and efficient choice for our solar roadway
project.

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6.4 On-Site Survey and Observations

After selecting JSPM’s campus, we conducted a detailed on-ground survey. We physically

inspected various road sections and noted:

• Road Width: 12Meter

• Length of road: 350 Meter Approx. (considering JSPM’s college main gate to food court gate)

• Area for road: 4200 Sq. Meter (considering JSPM’s college main gate to food court gate)

• No. Of streetlight : 40Nos (considering JSPM’s college main gate to food court gate)

• Surface Quality: Roads were smooth and even, ideal for stable solar panel installation.

• Sunlight Access: Areas near the admin building, central library, hostels, and canteen had
minimal tree shade and maximum solar exposure.

• Traffic Flow: Internal roads had steady but manageable traffic – suitable for both energy
generation and speed detection.

• Drainage and Safety: Good drainage systems reduce water accumulation, increasing the safety
and longevity of solar panels.

6.5 Calculation and result

• Standard size of solar panel: 3.658m ×3.658m = 13.380m ² [Hexagonal shape] ,

• The price of one solar panel is $285.63 Is in IRN 24,750 rupees only approximately ,

• How much solar panel required ?

Area of road ÷ Size of one Solar panel= 4200 ÷ 13.380= 314 nos.,

• The approximately Cost ?

no. of solar panel × Cost of one solar panel= 314× 24,750=77,71,500rs.

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FIG. NO. 6.1 : Visual study during site

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CHAPTER -7
INTERVIEW OF
ELECTRICIAN

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7.1 INTRODUCTION:

In the interview done by satish chaudhari sir electrician of our college campus provide valuable
insights into the electrical infrastructure and systems in place. We gathered information regarding
electrical systems , energy efficiency, safety protocols, maintenance and repairs , energy storage
systems. To inform decision – making, optimize energy efficiency, and ensure safety.

7.2 QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY OF ELECTRICIAN

FIG. NO. 7.1 : Field Interview – Electrical Infrastructure Insights from JSPM’s Electrician

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FIG. NO. 7.2 : Electrician sharing insights with team

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CHAPTER -8
DESIGN &
STRUCTURE OF
SOLAR ROADWAY

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8.1 Structure of solar roadway

The Solar roadways consist of some layers: -

1. Road surface layer

The road surface layer is the topmost layer of the assembly and is made of transparent concrete.
Transparent concrete is used for paving the surface of solar roads, there are the two main
constituents of this i.e., 1. Fine concrete 2. Optical fibre and the transparent concrete can bear up
10 times more pressure than normal concrete. Some rough and strong glass surface can also be used
in this layer. Transparent concrete also gives fire protection and high UV resistance.

2. Solar cells/LEDs Layer

It is the second layer of the assembly and the layer which absorbs the Solar energy containing all
solar panels. Also in the night time the LEDs in this layer will glow up making the road visible in
darker conditions.

3. Electronic layer

It is the third layer of the assembly consisting of microprocessors and all the electrical chips and
wires which will get the energy from solar cell and will transfer it to the battery also all the LEDs
are connected to this layer and also a day-night sensor so that it can glow up all the LEDs which
will help to make the road visible in dark areas. It also consists of a sensor which will alert the
driver 100 meters away when any animal or a person is passing by the road, preventing accidents.

4. Base Plate layer

The primary strength to the road is provided by the first layer in the assembly and this is the fourth
layer giving the secondary strength, the solar energy collected by the solar cell is distributed using
the base plate to all buildings connected to solar roadways. This was the structural design of Solar
roadways. At the end there can be a water collecting basin also to preserve water from rain and use
it later.

FIG. NO. 8.1 : Working Methodology

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8.2 Phase I Research

August, 2009 Solar Roadways Incorporated is awarded a Phase I SBIR (Small Business Innovative
Research) contract by the U.S. Department of Transportation. The 6-month $100,000 Phase I
contract is for “a detailed concept that demonstrates the viability of creating a prototype that
satisfies the attributes described below:

• It generates its own power; either through the energy of the sun or perhaps the energy of the
moving vehicle mass traveling over the pavement.
• It is intelligent enough to transfer the power generated to where it is most needed or to a
temporary storage apparatus.
• It is made of recycled or other sustainable materials.
• It can be modular for ease of replacing worn or damaged sections.
• It is durable enough to withstand repeated loading from heavy traffic at or above the level
of current pavement systems
• It meets or exceeds safety characteristics of existing pavement systems.
• It mitigates water runoff through either permeability or designed retention and filtration.
• It is at a cost that allows it to be financially self-sustaining; meaning that the benefits of
power generation and water runoff mitigation over the design life outweigh its initial cost.
•
8.2.1 Glass

FIG. NO. 8.2 : Testing the transmittance of float glass

To make a solar panel that could withstand the abuse of fully-loaded semi-trucks, a protective case
had to be created to protect the sensitive solar cells and electronics inside. In addition, the surface
of this case had to be transparent to allow the sunlight to reach the solar cells inside.

Deciding what to make this protective case out of was a materials engineering problem. Scott
Brusaw is an electrical engineer (BEE, MSEE), so he looked up the top materials research labs in
the nation. Penn State’s Materials Research Institute and the University of Dayton’s Research
Institute were at the top of the list. Scott traveled to both universities and met with their materials
research professors. Both research labs, without hesitation, suggested the use of glass for the
surface. Unlike plastic, the optical properties of glass are stable against polarization (long-term
darkening) and other UV induced mechanisms of material degradation. Float glass was
recommended due to its widespread commercial availability and relatively low cost.

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Float glass comes in different forms. The greenish glass shown above is called soda lime glass and
is the most common type. Windows and bottles are typically made of soda lime glass. The green
tint is caused by the iron content of the glass. This same iron content negatively affects the
transmittance (ability to pass sunlight) of the glass, so a low-iron glass was selected.
Due to the very limited budget of the Phase I prototype, glass was only studied, but not yet used
during this round of funding. The findings were applied in Phase II.

8.2.2 Stormwater

Stormwater is just rain or melting snow that makes its way from our roads to our waterways.
Imagine a heavy downpour: the Stormwater flows across lawns/fields and picks up fertilizer,
pesticides, etc. It then flows into the street, where it picks up vehicle droppings such as oil,
antifreeze, etc. Currently, this toxic cocktail finds its way into our streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans.
Some studies show that over 50-percent of water pollution is caused by stormwater.

Capturing and filtering the stormwater before it reaches the waterways could solve the problem. A
physicist/hydrologist who visited us once shared that, if we could move water just 200 miles in this
country, we could eliminate drought conditions.

By lining the sides of our roadways with stormwater retention systems, we could do the initial
filtering. By including pumps, the stormwater could then be moved to areas for additional filtering
and then to aquafers or agricultural centers. In colder climates, the stormwater could be stored
below the frost line to prevent freezing.

FIG. NO. 8.3 : Cutaway view of stormwater retentions system

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FIG. NO. 8.4 : Side view of stormwater retention system

8.2.3 Electronics, firmware, and software

The SR1 was designed around a 32×32 array of LED cells. Each cell contains 3 white and 3 yellow
LEDs to simulate any road line paint configuration. This required 64 circuit boards to create the
12-foot by 12-foot SR1. 12-feet is the largest standard U.S. lane width. Another circuit board was
needed for the microprocessor control unit.

Scott Brusaw designed the two circuit boards required. 68 of the LED circuit boards were assembled
and tested: 64 for the SR1 and another four for a prototype crosswalk panel. Three microprocessor
boards were assembled and tested. These were the control/communications boards for the
stormwater control system, the Solar Road Panel, and the Sidewalk Panel. An XBee RF module
was added to the microprocessor board to incorporate wireless communication.
Scott then wrote the firmware for the microprocessor boards. A software program was needed for
testing and control, including:

• Configure which LEDs would turn on/off

• Control the stormwater pumps
• Read/control the crosswalk panel

Scott concurrently wrote the firmware and software programs for the desired interactions.

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FIG. NO. 8.5 : LED circuit board – 64 boards per panel

FIG. NO.8.6 : Microprocessor board

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8.3 Phase II Research

July, 2011 – Solar Roadways Incorporated was awarded a Phase II SBIR (Small Business
Innovative Research) contract by the U.S. Department of Transportation. The 2-year $750,000
Phase II contract was to build a proof-of-concept parking lot made of Solar Road Panels and to
conduct civil engineering tests including:

• Load Testing
• Traction Testing
• Impact Resistance Testing

One lesson learned during Phase I was that a 12-foot by 12-foot road panel wasn’t very practical:
It would be extremely heavy and difficult to transport. Another is that large squares make poor
building blocks around curves and over hills.

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We knew that we needed to incorporate LED as painting on glass was out of the question. LEDs
would allow road lines and signage to become dynamic for the first time. We added a
microprocessor for intelligence. With much experience driving the snowy/icy roads of north Idaho,
we knew that a heating element was a must to help keep the panels clear and improve safety.

FIG. NO. 8.7 : Glass design for providing rough surface for solar roadway

LED technology has been around for decades, as have microprocessors. Heated glass has been in
the rear windows of cars since at least the 70’s. President Carter had solar panels installed on the
roof of the White House in 1977. These proven, time-tested technologies make up the bulk of a
Solar Road Panel.

The big hurdle was the glass surface: no one had ever attempted to make a driving surface out of
glass. Could it handle the abuse of a fully-loaded semi-truck? Could the surface be textured in a
way to prevent vehicles from sliding on a wet surface, while still allowing sunlight through to the
solar cells beneath? This is where the bulk of the R&D would be focused during our Phase II
research.

Glass samples were also sent off too another civil engineering university for load testing and impact
resistance testing. The load testing showed that a pavement made of our SR Panels could withstand
a static load of 250,000 pounds. To put that in perspective, the national weight limit for semi-trucks
is 80,000 pounds. So the test results indicated that SR Panels can withstand more than three times
the legal load of fully-loaded semi-trucks. These results were incredible but needed to be
reconfirmed, so the USDOT asked us to perform a 3D Finite Element Method analysis (computer
simulation) at a different civil engineering university. The results came back the same: 250,000
pounds.

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8.4 Phase IIB Research

November, 2015 – Solar Roadways Incorporated was awarded a Phase IIB SBIR (Small Business
Innovative Research) contract by the U.S. Department of Transportation. The 2-year $750,000
Phase IIB contract included additional civil engineering tests performed at Marquette University in
Milwaukee including:

8.4.1 Moisture testing

It was accomplished until the measured weight increase, after three consecutive weigh-ins, was less
than 0.1% of the total paver weight or 5 grams, whichever is greater. The moisture conditioning
duration testing resulted in essentially no measurable weight gain using a 100lb load cell with 0.02lb
resolution.
Shear Testing: Panels were subjected to high shear forces to simulate heavy vehicle braking.

FIG. NO. 8.8 : Moisture Testing

8.4.2 Shear Testing:

Panels were subjected to high shear forces to simulate heavy vehicle braking.

8.4.3 Advanced Loading:

Simulated 15-years of truck abuse in three months. A weighted (9500-pounds) truck tire made over
one million passes over six Solar Road Panels. No panel breakage and no wear. Notice how the tire
keeps the panels clean.

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FIG. NO. 8.9 : Load Testing

8.5 Experiment for solar roadway

The site for the prototype parking lot was chosen. It would be installed on the south side of the
Solar Roadways electronics shop in Sagle, Idaho. Ten percent of the aggregate used in the base was
recycled glass.

FIG. NO. 8.10 : Beginning construction alongside the electronics lab

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FIG. NO. 8.11 : Side of the Cable Corridor

FIG. NO. 8.12 : Road bed in place

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FIG. NO.8.13 : Conduit installation

FIG. NO.8.14 : Ready for concrete

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FIG. NO. 8.15 : Base poured – contains recycled glass

FIG. NO.8.16 : Cable Corridor and base completed

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Scott Brusaw designed the circuit boards and wrote the firmware and software for the new SR2
system. Jockimo began manufacturing the glass and SR began testing the new circuit boards. As a
precaution to spare the fragile solar cells, final assembly took place at Jockimo Glass in southern
California. The SR team (Scott and Julie and two volunteers) worked around the clock at a hotel to
solder and assemble the panels.

The installation continues

As each row was installed, cabling was fed through the conduit and into the Cable Corridor, where
it would be connected to another circuit board in a weatherproof utility box.

FIG. NO.8.17 : Inside the cable corridor

FIG. NO.8.18 : The complete prototype parking lot for experiment

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CHAPTER – 9
PROBLEM
STATEMENT

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9.1 Problem 1- Is there a real future for the concept of roads embedded with solar panels?

Solar Roadways has been in the press recently about its first deployment of panels in a pedestrian
area as a proof of concept. Proponents promise abundant solar power and better infrastructure.
Skeptics, however, insist that these are expensive projects that ignore basic tenets of engineering.
Are solar roads a disaster in development?

Alternative energy sources have seen a decrease in price over the last few decades, with arguably
the most promising power source of the future being solar energy. Back in 1954, Bell Labs produced
the world’s first practical solar cell with a 6% efficiency which started the race for solar energy.
Now, solar cells can be as efficient as 30%, as demonstrated by engineers at the University of New
South Wales, and manufacturing techniques have made them considerably cheaper than in years
past.

The prospect of using solar energy as the energy source of the future has been taken seriously by
many engineers and inventors alike. Tech companies such as Tesla have invested in inventions like
solar cell roof slates and lithium-ion batteries to store power and release it upon demand. But several
companies and thousands of everyday people have been supporting a new use of solar: solar roads.

9.2 Problem 2 - Angle of Solar Panels

The first problem with Solar Roadways comes from the inbuilt solar panels, themselves. Since road
surfaces need to be flat, the panels need to be as low-profile as possible. This means that the solar
cells inside the panels are laid flat.

This isn’t ideal because solar cells generate the most electricity when directly pointed towards the
source of light (in our case, the sun). While the sun does move across the sky as the day progresses,
every single place on the planet has an optimum solar panel inclination and orientation. For
example, my hometown (Ringwood) has angles of maximum efficiency at 16 degrees during the
winter and 62 degrees during the summer. By comparison, the angles for Houston, Texas, are 36
degrees during the winter and 84 degrees during the summer. More advanced solar systems use
tracking mechanism to keep the solar cell constantly pointed towards the sun. You can investigate
the optimal angles for solar in your area.

9.3 Problem 3 – Solar Panel Cost

According to the US Department of Transportation, the US has over 2.7 million miles of paved
roads as of 2013. When purchasing solar panels in bulk, the price of solar panels drops to around
$0.74 per watt which is $740 per kW (this is the price of solar panels that are used in residential
power and not those found in calculators or low-power applications).

Using a 20% efficient solar panel puts the energy generated by a single panel at 200 watts per square
meter (assuming that the earth’s surface receives 1000 W/m2) and therefore the cost of a square
meter panel is approximately $148 for a meter square. With this in mind and with over 2.7 million
miles of roadways to pave, the cost of the solar panels alone blasts up into the trillions. This doesn’t
take into account the energy losses and consumption by the modules, themselves, nor installation
costs.

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9.4 Problem 4 – Maintenance Costs

One argument for Solar Roadways is the sheer number of engineering jobs that it would create.
This particular point is spot on because maintaining such a system would be incredibly difficult, if
not impossible. Assuming that a panel has a lifespan of a typical solar cell (which is very generous
to assume, due to the unforgiving environment they are in) of 20 years (the time until 80% power
output is reached), then the entire road system would need repair every 20 years which puts the
average cost of the project at $1.15 trillion every year—and that’s only calculating for the replaced
solar cells, excluding workforce costs.

But this assumption relies on all the panels working til their end of life. What about individual
panels that get broken? Considering the number of panels needed to be implemented (1.57×1011
where each panel is 1-meter square), a failure rate of one in a million still results in 1,570,000 panels
needing to be replaced within that failure rate time.

9.5 Problem 5 – Wear and Tear

Roads are made of asphalt for a reason. It is a cheap, widely abundant material made of oil industry
by-products and pieces of stone. The surface of Solar Roadways is to be made of glass which, in
itself, contains many problems not yet addressed, including the danger of glass dust if damaged
tiles are crushed.

How long a glass surface would last has yet to be determined but heavy traffic would quickly bring
the surface of the glass to bear. Even if this is not a problem for the road, itself, it is a very big
problem for the solar panels under the glass. For the panels to work at their maximum efficiency,
the glass must be as optically transparent as possible to allow light to fall onto the panels. However,
scratched glass has a horrid tendency to diffuse light and send it in random directions which reduces
its optical transparency and hence impede the solar panel's ability to generate electricity.
But this optical transparency has a more devastating potential that has not been considered

9.6 Problem 6 – Glare Safety

Safety is perhaps the most important concern and the danger lies in the glass. If the glass is
toughened and has a cloudy look to it then the electrical output of the panels will be reduced. So,
to get around this, the panels use clear glass to allow as much light through as possible. However,
this leads to a very dangerous situation that occurs when the sun is low in the sky.

Light from the sun (when it is low in the sky) will hit the panel at a low angle, reflecting light like
a mirror or a puddle on the road. This means that entire roads will reflect morning and evening light
up into drivers’ eyes and potentially cause accidents.

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

CHAPTER – 10
WORKING MODEL
& IT’S ESTIMATION

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

10.1 Introduction

The working model of our project was designed to demonstrate the concept of solar roadways
integrated with smart features. It includes a small-scale representation of solar panels embedded in
a road surface, a power distribution system, and a speed detection mechanism using sensors and an
Arduino microcontroller.

10.2 Components Used

• Mini solar panels

• Road surface model (acrylic sheet)
• Arduino Uno
• IR sensors
• LCD Display (16x2)
• Connecting wires and breadboard
• LEDs to simulate electricity flow
• Rechargeable battery

10.3 Construction Details

The model base was made using plywood with embedded mini solar panels to mimic the road
surface. The panels were connected to a rechargeable battery that stores the generated energy. IR
sensors were placed at two fixed points to detect a moving object (e.g., a toy car), and the time
taken between these points was calculated to determine the speed, which is displayed on the LCD
screen.

10.4 Working Principle

• Solar Generation: The solar panels absorb light and convert it into electrical energy, which is
stored.
• Speed Detection: When an object crosses the first IR sensor, a timer starts. When it crosses the
second, the timer stops. Using the fixed distance and measured time, speed is calculated and
displayed.
• Power Simulation: LEDs connected to the storage system light up, indicating energy transfer
to nearby utilities like homes or streetlights in the simulation.

10.5 Objective Demonstrated

• Renewable energy generation using road space

• Smart traffic sensing using Arduino and IR
• Power transfer to local facilities
• Real-time speed monitoring on display
• Prototype feasibility for campus-level implementation

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

10.6 Programming for speed detector:

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

#define IR_SENSOR_1 2 // First IR sensor

#define IR_SENSOR_2 3 // Second IR sensor
#define LDR_PIN A0 // LDR connected to Analog Pin A0
#define LED_PIN 13 // LED connected to Digital Pin 9

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // Change 0x27 if needed

unsigned long startTime = 0, endTime = 0;

float distance = 0.1; // Distance between sensors in meters (10 cm)
float speed_mps, speed_kmh;
int ldrValue;

void setup() {
pinMode(IR_SENSOR_1, INPUT);
pinMode(IR_SENSOR_2, INPUT);
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);

lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Speed Meter");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();

attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(IR_SENSOR_1), sensor1Triggered, FALLING);

attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(IR_SENSOR_2), sensor2Triggered, FALLING);
}

void loop() {
// Read LDR value
ldrValue = analogRead(LDR_PIN);

// If it's dark (LDR value low), turn ON the LED

if (ldrValue < 500) {
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
} else {
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
}

if (endTime > startTime) {

float timeTaken = (endTime - startTime) / 1000.0; // Convert ms to sec
speed_mps = distance / timeTaken; // Speed in m/s
speed_kmh = speed_mps * 3.6; // Convert m/s to km/h

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Speed: ");
lcd.print(speed_mps);
lcd.print(" m/s");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Speed: ");
lcd.print(speed_kmh);
lcd.print(" km/h");

delay(2000); // Display speed for 2 sec

startTime = 0; // Reset for next measurement

endTime = 0;
}
}

void sensor1Triggered() {
startTime = millis(); // Record time when object passes first sensor
}

void sensor2Triggered() {
endTime = millis(); // Record time when object passes second sensor
}

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

10.7 Picture of working model:

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

10.8 Participate in symbiosis university: Project competition

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

10.9 Estimation of working model required material

SR. NO. PARTICULAR QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT

1 Zero PCB 1 40 40
2 Dc connector 1 20 20
3 Header pin 1 10 10
4 Switch 1 10 10
5 Solar Panel 12 V 2 1850 3700
6 MDF sheet 1 1250 1250
7 Wire 5 20 100
8 Jumper wire 2 40 80
9 Arduino cable 1 50 50
10 Programming and assembly charges 1 3500 3500
11 Uno board 1 750 750
12 Jr sensors 2 100 200
13 16 x 2 LCD 1 225 225
14 I2e module 1 120 120
15 LDR sensors 1 145 145
16 LED’S 4 20 80
17 LIION cell 2 150 300
18 Cell holder 1 55 55
19 Soldering kit 1 1450 1450
20 Acrylic sheet 1 500 500
21 Decorative items - - 500
22 Glue gun 1 200 200
23 Miscellaneous material - - 500
Total 13700/-

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

CHAPTER -11
CONCLUSION

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

Conclusion

The project “Rebuilding the Infrastructure: Solar Roadways in the JSPM’s Campus” provided
valuable insight into the integration of renewable energy solutions with smart infrastructure.
Through our research, we evaluated the concept of solar roadways and identified how they can
utilize road surfaces for power generation without occupying additional land. This innovative
approach supports sustainability and opens up new opportunities for energy-efficient infrastructure
in educational and urban spaces.

We successfully designed a working model demonstrating how solar panels embedded in roads can
generate electricity. The implementation of a speed detector using Arduino and IR sensors further
enhanced the project’s scope by introducing real-time monitoring capabilities. This fusion of
renewable energy with smart technology highlights how infrastructure can be made safer, smarter,
and more efficient through integrated solutions. It also showcases how energy harvested from roads
can be redirected to benefit nearby buildings and facilities.

Overall, this project emphasizes the future potential of solar roadway systems. It encourages further
development, research, and potential deployment in real-world scenarios such as campuses,
housing societies, and highways. With proper investment, materials, and government support, solar
roads could become a crucial part of India’s green energy mission. This project thus contributes to
long-term sustainable development and smart city planning goals.

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

CHAPTER -12
REFERENCES

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 REBUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLAR ROADWAY FOR JSPM’S CAMPUS

REFERENCES :

1. IJAEM, by Prof. Sudhir Autade¹, Pradeep Munde², Pravin Thorat ³ “Use of solar panel
on the road to use the available space and produce solar energy” Vol 5, Issue:11 November
2023.
2. IRJET, by Prof. Dr.JP kesari¹, Aditya Kumar ² “Solar roadways: The roadways to next
generation” vol. 08, Issue:03 March 2021.
3. IRJET, by prof. Sri Mahalakshmi pendyala¹, Nishant Mohanani², Manoj Kavedia³ “ A
path to the future: solar roads” vol.08, Issue:11 November 2021,
4. IJRES, by Prof. Manoj Kumar Panwar ¹, Manpreet Singh ², Shruti ³“ Solar roadways”
vol.9, Issue:9 September 2021,
5. JMER, by Prof. Dr. Vishal P. Deshmukh ¹, Rohan Raut², Indrajit Jadhav ³ “Solar
roadways: The smart application of solar energy source” Vol. 10, Issue: 30 August 2021.
6. IRJET, by Prof. Ankit Singh ¹, Kaustubh Sachin Kulkarni ², Vikas Namdev ³ “solar
roadways: A significant infrastructure reform”, Vol. 06, Issue: 9 September 2019.
7. https://solarroadways.com/ The solar roadway home website

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THANK YOU…
Rebuilding the infrastructure: Solar roadway for JSPM’s college campus
Vishakha O. Shirsat 1, Arti P. Chavan 2, Shreya S. Bhegade 2, Kshitija S. Kalam 2, Namrata M. Suradkar 2 and
Aakanksha B. Bhegade 2

¹ Professor, Department of civil engineering, JSPM’s, RSCOEP, Tathawade Pune-33, India.

² UG student, Department of civil engineering, JSPM’s, RSCOEP, Tathawade Pune-33, India.

World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2025, 14(03), 120-124

Publication history: Received on 16 January 2025; revised on 26 February 2025; accepted on 01 March 2025

Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2025.14.3.0097

Abstract
This paper proposes the implementation of solar roadway on the JSPM campus, integrating renewable energy
generation, intelligent transportation systems, and smart infrastructure. The solar roadway will harness solar energy
to provide electricity to roadside street lamps reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. Additionally, the
System will incorporate speed detection technology to monitor and manage vehicular traffic, enhancing road safety and
reducing accidents. The proposed system will be designed, simulated, and analyzed to evaluate Its technical feasibility,
economic viability, and environmental benefits. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the
potential of solar roadway to transform the JSPM’s campus from “main gate to canteen Gate” into a sustainable, smart,
and energy-efficient community.

Keywords: Smart Roads; Speed Detection; Road Surface Layer; Electronic Layer; LED’S Layer

1. Introduction
The JSPM’s campus is set to revolutionize its transportation infrastructure with the introduction of Solar Roadway, a
cutting-edge technology that integrates solar panels, smart sensors, and energy harvesting to create a sustainable and
intelligent transportation system. This innovative project aims to provide a clean source of electricity to the nearby area,
powering streetlights, homes, and businesses. Additionally, the Solar Roadway system will be equipped with advanced
speed detection technology, enabling real-time monitoring and management of traffic flow, reducing accidents, and
enhancing overall road safety. By harnessing the power of solar energy and leveraging smart technology, the JSPM’s
campus will set a new standard for sustainable and intelligent transportation infrastructure.

1.1. Body of paper

The proposed Solar Roadways system at JSPM’s campus will integrate solar panels within the road surface to generate
clean energy for nearby areas. It consists of three layers: the road surface layer (durable, textured glass for traction and
sunlight absorption), the electronics layer (solar panels, micro-inverters, and electronics), and the base plate layer
(providing structural support). This system will reduce fossil fuel dependence, lower carbon emissions, and enhance
road safety with real-time speed detection technology. Additionally, it will provide valuable traffic and energy data for
optimizing energy use and improving infrastructure planning. By combining sustainability with smart technology, the
Solar Roadways system has the potential to transform JSPM’s campus into an eco-friendly, intelligent, and connected
community.


Corresponding author: Arti Panjabrao Chavan
Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0.
 World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2025, 14(03), 120-124

2. literature review
[1] The implementation of solar roads is currently not feasible due to high initial costs, requiring three to five times that
of asphalt roads. While offering energy and environmental benefits, large government grants are needed. As solar
technology advances, increased efficiency and reduced costs may make solar roads viable within 10–15 years. [2] Solar
roadways use solar panels, LEDs, and microprocessors in durable surfaces to generate electricity, enhance safety, and
promote sustainability. Developed by Solar Roadways Inc., They reduce pollution, melt snow, and support smart grids,
providing an eco-friendly alternative to asphalt as fossil fuel reserves decline. [3] Researchers aim to develop solar
roads for India, overcoming cost and durability challenges with innovation and government support. [4] India can boost
its economy and infrastructure by adopting solar roads, which provide clean energy, reduce global warming, enhance
safety, and enable smart traffic communication. [5] Solar road panels and smart roads offer clean energy, reduce carbon
footprints, enhance safety, optimize traffic, and justify costs through environmental and social benefits. [6] This
research highlights not only surplus electricity generation but also other benefits of smart roadways. These intelligent
roads enhance safety by alerting drivers to accidents, obstacles, or They reduce pollution, melt snow, and support smart
grids, providing an eco-friendly alternative to asphalt as fossil fuel reserves decline. [3] Researchers aim to develop
solar roads for India, overcoming cost and durability challenges with innovation and government support. [4] India can
boost its economy and infrastructure by adopting solar roads, which provide clean energy, reduce global warming,
enhance safety, and enable smart traffic communication. [5] Solar road panels and smart roads offer clean energy,
reduce carbon footprints, enhance safety, optimize traffic, and Justify costs through environmental and social benefits.
[6] This research highlights not only surplus electricity generation but also other benefits of smart roadways. These
intelligent roads enhance safety by alerting drivers to accidents, obstacles, or natural calamities. Upgrading existing
roads with this technology can create jobs, boost revenue, and attract private investment with minimal additional costs.

3. Technology solutions
The Solar Roadways system at JSPM’s campus will integrate photovoltaic cells to generate and store electricity,
supplying power to nearby areas. It will feature radar sensors and cameras for real-time traffic monitoring and speed
detection, enhancing road safety. Smart energy management software will optimize energy production, reducing waste
and ensuring efficient power distribution. The durable, textured glass surface will provide vehicle traction and
withstand extreme weather conditions. Equipped with automatic emergency response systems, the system ensures
safety and reliability. This innovative infrastructure will transform JSPM campus into a sustainable, smart, and energy-
efficient environment..

3.1. Structure of solar roadway

There are three layers involved

• Surface layer,
• Electronics layer,
• Base plate layer.

3.1.1. Surface layer

The top layer of solar roadways is made of transparent concrete. Transparent concrete consists of fine concrete and
optical fibers. It can withstand 10 times more pressure than normal concrete. Transparent concrete offers fire
protection and high UV resistance.

3.1.2. Electronics layer

The second layer contains microprocessor, electrical chips and wires. It transfers energy from solar cell to the battery.
LEDs are connected to this layer and are controlled by a day-night sensor. The layer includes sensor that alerts drivers
100m away about animals or people on the road to prevent accidents.

3.1.3. Base plate layer

The third layer provides secondary strength to the road. The base plates distributes solar energy to connected buildings.
The structural design of solar roadways includes a water collecting basin. The basin collects rainwater for later use

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 World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2025, 14(03), 120-124

4. Road survey for smart infrastructure

Figure 1 Road survey performing at JSPM’s campus

Location: JSPM’s campus “main gate to canteen gate”.

Date of survey: 14th February 2025, Length of road: 350m, Width of road: 12m, Area of road: 4200m², No. Of lamps
provided along the road: 40 nos.

5. Result
Standard size of solar panel: 3.658m ×3.658m = 13.380m ² [Hexagonal shape] , The price of one solar panel is $285.63
is in IRN 24,750 rupees only approximately , How much solar panel required? Area of road ÷ Size of one Solar panel=
4200 ÷ 13.380= 314 nos., The approximately Cost= no. of solar panel × Cost of one solar panel= 314×
24,750=77,71,500rs.

6. Conclusion
The Solar Roadways system proposed for the JSPM’s campus offers a revolutionary solution for generating clean energy,
improving road safety, and enhancing the overall campus experience. By harnessing the power of solar energy and
leveraging advanced technologies, the system can provide a sustainable and reliable source of electricity to nearby
areas, while also detecting and preventing speeding-related accidents. With its numerous benefits, including reduced
greenhouse gas emissions, improved energy efficiency, and enhanced safety, the Solar Roadways system has the
potential to transform the JSPM campus into a model for sustainable and smart infrastructure development. As the
world continues to urbanize and grapple with the challenges of climate change, the Solar Roadways system offers a
beacon of hope for a cleaner, safer, and more sustainable future.

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the management of JSPM’s campus for their support and
encouragement throughout this project. We would also like to thank our colleagues and peers who provided valuable
insights and feedback on our research. Additionally, we acknowledge the contributions of various researchers and
organizations whose work has informed and inspired our study on Solar roadways. Finally, we would like to thank the

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 World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2025, 14(03), 120-124

reviewers and editors for their constructive comments and suggestions, which have helped to improve the quality and
clarity of our paper.

Disclosure of conflict of interest

The authors have no financial or personal relationships that could influence this research.

References
[1] IJAEM, by Prof. Sudhir Autade¹, Pradeep Munde², Pravin Thorat ³ “Use of solar panel on the road to use the
available space and produce solar energy” Vol 5, Issue:11 November 2023.
[2] IRJET, by Prof. Dr.JP kesari¹, Aditya Kumar ² “Solar roadways: The roadways to next generation” vol. 08, Issue:03
March 2021.
[3] IRJET, by prof. Sri Mahalakshmi pendyala¹, Nishant Mohanani², Manoj Kavedia³ “ A path to the future: solar
roads” vol.08, Issue:11 November 2021,
[4] IJRES, by Prof. Manoj Kumar Panwar ¹, Manpreet Singh ², Shruti ³“ Solar roadways” vol.9, Issue:9 September 2021,
[5] JMER, by Prof. Dr. Vishal P. Deshmukh ¹, Rohan Raut², Indrajit Jadhav ³ “Solar roadways: The smart application
of solar energy source” Vol. 10, Issue: 30 August 2021.
[6] IRJET, by Prof. Ankit Singh ¹, Kaustubh Sachin Kulkarni ², Vikas Namdev ³ “solar roadways: A significant
infrastructure reform”, Vol. 06, Issue: 9 September 2019.

Authors short Biography

Prof.. Vishakha Omprakash Shirsat
(BE)Civil Engineering
(ME )construction Management
“Civil Department”
JSPM’s College of Engineering Tathawade Pune .
Paper published:03
Ms. Arti Panjabrao Chavan
Pursuing Diploma in civil engineering third year,
At JSPM’S, Rajarshi shahu college of engineering and polytechnic, Tathawade, Pune-33.

Ms. Shreya Shantaram Bhegade.

Pursuing Diploma in civil engineering third year,
At JSPM’S, Rajarshi shahu college of engineering and polytechnic Tathawade, Pune -33.

Ms. Kshitija Sunil Kalam

Pursuing diploma in civil engineering third year,
At JSPM’S, Rajarshi shahu college of engineering and polytechnic, Tathawade, Pune-33.

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 World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2025, 14(03), 120-124

Ms. Namrata Madanpal Suradkar

Pursuing Diploma in civil engineering third year
At JSPM’S, Rajarshi shahu college of engineering and polytechnic, Tathawade, Pune-33.

Ms. Aakanksha Baburao Bhegade

Pursuing diploma in civil engineering third year,
At JSPM’S, Rajarshi shahu college of engineering and polytechnic, Tathawade, Pune-33.

124
 This is certify that

Prof./Dr./Mr./Ms. Arti P. Chavan has contributed as a corresponding author of

Review Article entitled

Rebuilding the infrastructure: Solar roadway for JSPM’s college campus.

published in World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences (WJAETS)

Volume (14) Issue (3) of year 2025.

CrosRef DOI:10.30574/wjaets.2025.14.3.0097
 This is certify that

Prof./Dr./Mr./Ms. Vishakha O. Shirsat has contributed as a co-author of

Review Article entitled

Rebuilding the infrastructure: Solar roadway for JSPM’s college campus.

published in World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences (WJAETS)

Volume (14) Issue (3) of year 2025.

CrosRef DOI:10.30574/wjaets.2025.14.3.0097
 This is certify that

Prof./Dr./Mr./Ms. Aakanksha B. Bhegade has contributed as a co-author of

Review Article entitled

Rebuilding the infrastructure: Solar roadway for JSPM’s college campus.

published in World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences (WJAETS)

Volume (14) Issue (3) of year 2025.

CrosRef DOI:10.30574/wjaets.2025.14.3.0097
 This is certify that

Prof./Dr./Mr./Ms. Shreya S. Bhegade has contributed as a co-author of

Review Article entitled

Rebuilding the infrastructure: Solar roadway for JSPM’s college campus.

published in World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences (WJAETS)

Volume (14) Issue (3) of year 2025.

CrosRef DOI:10.30574/wjaets.2025.14.3.0097
 This is certify that

Prof./Dr./Mr./Ms. Namrata M. Suradkar has contributed as a co-author of

Review Article entitled

Rebuilding the infrastructure: Solar roadway for JSPM’s college campus.

published in World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences (WJAETS)

Volume (14) Issue (3) of year 2025.

CrosRef DOI:10.30574/wjaets.2025.14.3.0097
 This is certify that

Prof./Dr./Mr./Ms. Kshitija S. Kalam has contributed as a co-author of

Review Article entitled

Rebuilding the infrastructure: Solar roadway for JSPM’s college campus.

published in World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences (WJAETS)

Volume (14) Issue (3) of year 2025.

CrosRef DOI:10.30574/wjaets.2025.14.3.0097