5G New Radio Spectrum Related Aspects

Frequency Bands supported by 5G NR

Channel Bandwidth Supported in 5G NR

Waveform and Modulation used in 5G NR

5G NR Numerologies, Sub Carrier Spacing and Resource Block

Relation between 5G NR Numerologies, Supported Bandwidth, Frequency bands, cell size and its Usages

Carrier Aggregation (CA)

Bandwidth Part (BWP)

5G New Radio Spectrum Related Aspects

1/7 Frequency Bands supported by 5G NR

 5G New Radio Spectrum Related
Frequency Bands Supported in 5G NR Aspects
Low Bands <1GHz 2G 3G 4G 5G

Low Mid Bands 1 to 2.6 GHz 2G 3G 4G 5G

Mid Band 3.5 to 7.125 GHz 4G 5G

High Band 24 to 52 GHz
5G
Identification of Frequency Bands by ITU
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) identifies frequency
bands for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)

The Countries allocate the frequency bands to their Telecom

Service Providers, generally in line with ITU identified bands.

It is important to use harmonized frequency bands for worldwide

interoperability and development of ecosystem of equipment and
devices supporting those bands. This brings economy of scale

The Standard making bodies such as 3rd Generations Partnership

Project (3GPP) specifies the frequency bands supported by the
technology developed by it out of the bands identified by ITU
 5G New Radio Spectrum Related Aspects
Additional Frequency Bands for IMT / 5G
ITU in its World Radiocommunication Conference 2019
(WRC-19) held during 28 October to 22 November 2019
identified additional bands to enable 5G deployment
• 24.25-27.5 GHz,
• 37-43.5 GHz, 45.5-47 GHz,
• 47.2-48.2 and
• 66-71 GHz

In total 17.25 GHz of spectrum has been identified for

IMT by the Conference, in comparison with 1.9 GHz of
bandwidth available before WRC-19

https://news.itu.int/wrc-19-agrees-to-identify-new-frequency-bands-for-5g/
 5G : Multiple Layers for Multiple Requirements
Coverage Layer
Sub-1GHz

Capacity Layer
1GHz – 7.125GHz

High Throughput Layers

24.25GHz – 52.6GHz

Operators must use a mix of low-band, mid-band, and high-band to deliver the 5G
experience to their customers.
• Frequency range
Frequency • Frequency
1 (FR1) bands specified by 3GPPrange 2 (FR2)
for 5G
• 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz
– 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz.
 5G New Radio
Spectrum Related Aspects

2/7 Channel Bandwidth Supported in 5G NR

Channel BW

Minimum
Channel
bandwidth in FR1
is 5 MHz and FR2
50 MHz

Maximum
Channel
bandwidth in FR1
is 100MHz and in
FR2 400 MHz
 5G New Radio
Spectrum Related Aspects

3/7 Waveform and Modulation used in 5G NR

 5G : Multiple Layers for Multiple Requirements
FDM and OFDM
FDM and OFDM
 5G New Radio
Spectrum Related Aspects

ΠT· A sin(2πfSCt) AT sin[πT(f-fSC)]

πT(f-fSC)
 OFDM Wave form and Modulation

5G New Radio uses OFDM wave form 5G NR supports QPSK, 16 QAM, 64

QAM and 256 QAM modulation
Recap modulation
QAM

5G NR supports QPSK, 16 QAM, 64

QAM and 256 QAM modulation
16QAM
 5G : Multiple Layers for Multiple Requirements
OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

Digital multi-carrier modulation scheme where multiple subcarriers modulated within the
same single channel

OFDM uses large number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers that are transmitted in
parallel.

Each subcarrier is modulated with a digital modulation scheme (such as QPSK, 16QAM,
etc.)

Combination of many subcarriers enables data rates similar to conventional single-carrier

modulation schemes within equivalent bandwidths.
 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
OFDM is based on the technique of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).

In FDM different streams of information are mapped onto separate parallel frequency
channels.

Each FDM channel is separated from the others by a frequency guard band to reduce
interference between adjacent channels.

The OFDM scheme differs from traditional FDM in the following interrelated ways:

1. Multiple carriers (called subcarriers) carry the information stream,

2. The subcarriers are orthogonal to each other, and
3. A guard interval is added to each symbol to minimize inter symbol interference.
 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

In the frequency domain, multiple adjacent tones or subcarriers are each independently
modulated with complex data.

An Inverse FFT transform is performed on the frequency-domain subcarriers to produce

the OFDM symbol in the time-domain.

Then in the time domain, guard intervals are inserted between each of the symbols to
prevent inter-symbol interference at the receiver caused by multi-path delay spread in
the radio channel.

Multiple symbols can be concatenated to create the final OFDM burst signal. At the
receiver an FFT is performed on the OFDM symbols to recover the original data bits.
OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
OFDM System

IFFT takes frequency-domain

input data (complex numbers
representing the modulated
subcarriers) and converts it to the
time-domain output data
(analog OFDM symbol waveform)

Thus, the IFFT block provides a

simple way to modulate data
onto N orthogonal subcarriers.
Calculate no. of possible Sub carrier

Channel BW = 50 MHz

SCS = 15 Khz

Guard Band = 692.5KHz

Transmission BW

=48.617 MHz

No. of Sub Carriers

= 3241
 5G New Radio
Spectrum Related Aspects

5G NR Numerologies, Sub Carrier Spacing

4/7 and Resource Block
Numerologies in 5G NR

5G New Radio uses OFDM wave form

It uses variable sub carrier spacing

In 4G LTE, subcarrier spacing used is

15KHz

In 5G, possible sub carrier spacings are

15KHz, 30KHz,60KHz,120KHz and
240KHz
 Numerology and Sub Carrier Spacing

Sub Carrier Spacing = 2µ x 15 KHz

µ=0 (Numerology 0 ) SCS = 15KHz

µ=1 (Numerology 1 ) SCS = 30 KHz

µ=2 (Numerology 2) SCS = 60 KHz

µ=3 (Numerology 3 ) SCS = 120 KHz

µ=4 (Nuµ=0 (Numerology 0 ) merology 4 ) SCS = 240

KHz
Sub Carrier Spacing
Resource Block
 Resource Block and its Bandwidth

Sub Carrier Spacing = 2µ x 15 KHz

12 Consecutive Sub carriers

constitute one Resource Block (RB)
 Calculate no of Sub Carriers and RBs

Channel BW = 100 MHz

µ=2 SCS = 60KHz

Guard Band = 1370 KHz

Transmission BW = = 97.26 MHz

No. of Sub Carriers = = 1621

No of RBs = = 135
 5G : Multiple Layers for Multiple Requirements
Recourse Block and
• BW of RG for various Numerologies
its BW
=SCSx12 RB = 12 contiguous Sub Carriers

• µ=0 (Numerology 0 )

• µ=1 (Numerology 1 )

• µ=2 (Numerology 2)

• µ=3 (Numerology 3 )

• µ=4 (Numerology 4 )
 Calculate no of Sub Carriers
• Channel BW = 50 MHz
• SCS = 30Khz
• Guard Band = 692.5KHz

• Transmission BW =

• No. of Sub Carriers =

SCs=1620
 5G New Radio
Spectrum Related Aspects

Relation between 5G NR Numerologies, Supported

5/7 Bandwidth, Frequency bands, cell size and its Usages
Scenarios
 UE Channel Bandwidth

The UE channel bandwidth supports

a single NR RF carrier

BS supports different UE channel

bandwidths within the same BS
spectrum.

BS supports Transmission of multiple

carriers to the same UE (CA) or
multiple carriers to different UEs
within BS Channel BW

UE is configured with one or more

BWP / carriers, each with its own UE
3GPP TS38.101-1
channel BW
UE Channel Bandwidth

3GPP TS38.101-1
Maximum Transmission Bandwidth FR1

3GPP has
specified
Channel
bandwidths
for each NR
band

3GPP TS38.101-1
Maximum Transmission Bandwidth FR2

3GPP TS38.101-2
 Min and Max Channel BW

Band SCS Min Channel Max Channel

BW BW
FR1 15 KHz

FR1 30 KHz

FR1 60 KHz

FR1 120 KHz

FR1 240 KHz

FR2 15 KHz

FR2 30 KHz

FR2 60 KHz
 Min and Max Channel BW

Band SCS Min CH BW(MHz) Max CH BW (MHz)

FR1 15 KHz 5 50

FR1 30 KHz 5 100

FR1 60 KHz 10 100

FR1 120 KHz

FR1 240 KHz

FR2 15 KHz

FR2 30 KHz

FR2 60 KHz 50 200

FR2 120 KHz 50 400

Maximum Supported BW for each Numerology

SCS =15 KHz • 50 MHz

FR1 SCS = 30 KHz • 100 MHz

SCS = 60 KHz • 100 MHz

SCS =60 KHz • 200 MHz

FR2 SCS = 120 KHz • 400 MHz

SCS = 240 KHz • 400 MHz

Usage example of numerologies, Spectrum Band and cell size
Usage example of Frequency Band and SCS
 5G New Radio
Spectrum Related Aspects

6/7 Carrier Aggregation (CA)

Carrier Aggregation (CA) Concept
 Carrier Aggregation in LTE Advanced / Pro

CA concept introduced in LTE

Advanced ( Release-10) with 5
Carriers Components (CC)

LTE R-13 (LTE Advanced-PRO),

supports 32 CCs (Max Ch BW =
640 MHz)

Max Channel bandwidth with 5

Carrier component of 20MHz was
100MHz
 5G : Multiple Layers for Multiple Requirements
Carrier Aggregation Concept

gNB

Source : https://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/101-carrier-aggregation-explained
 Carrier Aggregation (CA) in 5G
5G NR supports CA with 16 CCs (both contiguous and non-
contiguous) in both FR1 and FR2 bands

Carrier aggregation of LTE and 5G NR carriers is known as Dual

Connectivity (DC).

Up to 1.2 GHz of spectrum can be aggregated.

CCs can use different numerologies

CA in both TDD and FDD possible

CA with Licensed and Unlicensed band Possible

CA with SUL /SDL possible

 Carrier aggregation and supplementary uplink

• Carrier aggregation (up to 16 • Supplementary uplink

carriers) • Main use case: uplink coverage
• Main use case: bandwidth extension
Carrier aggregation Supplementary uplink

Cell #1 Cell #2 A single cell

Carrier Aggregation Use Cases
 Dual Connectivity

4G LTE on 2.1 Ghz band 5G on

3.5GHz band

There is difference in 4G and

5Gcoverage, due to frequency
used

In area A, UE transmit (UL) data

on 4G and 5G both

In area B, because there is only

4G coverage, UE can only
transmit (UP)data via LTE.
Inter-Band Carrier Aggregation (Inter-Band CA)

CA with 2.1 GHz and

3.5GHz

In area A: with coverage

of two carriers. UL CA
can be activated;

In area B: only with the

coverage of one carrier.
UE uses one carrier to
transmit date.
 5G Supplementary Uplink (SUL)

Extends the uplink With SUL

One DL frequency band and two uplink

frequency bands (one NR frequency band
and one SUL frequency band) are used.

When the uplink coverage of the NR

carrier is good, UE uses the NR carrier to
send and receive data.

When the UE is moving beyond the

uplink coverage of the NR carrier, UE uses
the SUL carrier for transmitting data.
5G Supplementary Uplink (SUL)
 CA in unlicensed Band
CA of licensed and
un-licensed
spectrums possible

LTE – NR Dual
Connectivity

NR – NR Dual
Connectivity
 5G New Radio
Spectrum Related Aspects

7/7 Bandwidth part (BWP)

 Bandwidth part
LTE NR
All UEs support full carrier BW A UE can support less than the carrier BW

20 MHz Up to 400 MHz

A bandwidth part is a subset of contiguous common physical resource blocks (PRBs).

Each bandwidth part (BWP) has its own numerology (i.e. cyclic prefix length and subcarrier spacing)

A UE can be configured with up to four BWPs in the uplink or four BWPs in the downlink.

An additional four BWPs can be configured in a supplementary uplink.

Only one BWP in the UL and one in the DL are active at a given time.
 Bandwidth Part Use Cases
1) Supporting reduced UE bandwidth capability 2) Supporting reduced UE energy consumption

Overall carrier Overall carrier

BWP # 2

BWP BWP # 1

3) Supporting FDM of different numerologies

Overall carrier

BWP # 1 BWP # 2
(num erology # 1) (num erology # 2)
 Bandwidth Part Use Cases
5) Supporting forward compatibility
4) Supporting non-contiguous spectrum

Overall carrier Overall carrier

?
BWP # 1 BWP # 2 BWP

Something completely unknown Something new and not yet defined

 Bandwidth parts

BWP #1 active BWP #2 active BWP #1 active

frequency Switch of active bandwidth part

time
CORSET in BWP
Thank You