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Index
In this short e-book, you will find 3 important dictations that are highly
beneficial from the CSIR Exam perspective. Each dictation contains up to
800 words and has been carefully marked at 80, 85, and 90 words per
minute. These markings will help you practice dictations with proper speed
variations and natural fluctuations, making your preparation more effective

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and exam-oriented.

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Type Topic No. of Words Level

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Debate / Speech Winning Elections by 811 Easy to Moderate
Power of Money
General (Editorial) Operation Sindoor 795
A Moderate to Hard
General (Essay) Generation Gap 809 Moderate
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Winning Elections by Power of

Money
Words: 811

Mr. Chairman, this is a Bill to be sent for eliciting public opinion on a matter which
concerns not only the political parties but the public life of the country as a whole. My
approach in this matter, subject to public discussion and conclusions arising out of it, is

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somewhat different from what has been said by the two previous speakers. Right at
the beginning, I should like to make it clear that I am in favour of cheap elections.

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==80== I want to rule out money as far as possible from the context of the processes
of our parliamentary institutions and democracy because money undoubtedly has a
corrupting influence. I wonder what would happen if these restraints were to be

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revoked. Would that lead to honesty and elimination of big money in election affairs? I
do not think it would be the contention that by abolishing these restraints we are going
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to have cheap elections or some kind of curb on election expenditure. I think ==85==
what he wants is to make people look somewhat honest or rather he does not want
dishonesty to be institutionalised in the shape of some kind of acceptance of it by the
society. His approach in this matter essentially is somewhat moral but it suffers from
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illusions.
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Now, let me come to the other aspects of the matter, but I should like to add here that if
the object is one of promoting cheap elections, eliminating the power of money in
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elections, it is not achieved by removing the restraints ==90== here. You may have the
consolation that some people who are naturally dishonest are asked not to behave
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dishonestly by dishonesty. In this case the law of money and dishonesty, therefore, is
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naturally the order to influence the voters. You are having huge sums and are
suppressing it. This by itself is not a minimum crime, it is not as if the crime arises only

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when people submit returns to the Commission after the election is over. The moment
the ==80== election takes place, the moment you spend power of money for elections,
you are committing a crime which is contrary to all democratic practices. It is there you
are committing an authority. He wants not merely to abolish the crime, he wants there
not to be any accountability about it in any way.

Now, the main problem that we are facing in our democratic institutions or elections, if
you like, is the influence and privilege of money. I should like it to be curbed if ==85==
not wholly eliminated. I am a realist in this matter. As long as the capitalist classes
remain, as long as the wealthy remain, as long as the haves and the have nots divide

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the society, money will have its part to play. It cannot be completely eliminated
because the present society, in which we are living, is largely influenced and

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dominated, not only in electoral matters but in various other matters also by the power
of money. Therefore, I have no illusion that by changing certain laws of this kind
==90== we will be getting out of the clutches of the big money in this matter. Now that

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power will remain.
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All that we can do now by legislation and otherwise by practices, conventions, etc., is
to reduce that power of money, that impact of money. This is the most we can achieve.
Now, I ask, can we achieve this thing by accepting the suggestion that he has made? I
do not think so. When the election law was framed, it was perhaps intended that some
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==85== kind of a restraint would be put if the election expenses were to be submitted
to the Election Commission after the elections. That was with the intention, but this
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objective has not been fulfilled. Why it has not been fulfilled, we know ourselves. If we
are not honest about our political sense that some people are honest and some people
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are dishonest. That would be an answer given by some people who are not conversant
with the political affairs of the country. The realities of ==85== political life.
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This objective has not been fulfilled because in the first place while India is a
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democratic country we are in the control of our State, of our economic life and so on
and things have to go on with some kind of funds and means to raise those funds

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either by big money as the elections cannot be won by spending a few rupees here
and there as long as you have big constituencies or whatever way you may have. How
to do so, it is a big ==90== question and how they get elected is a big thing. Why have
leaders who have been elected been spending anything now to spend so much
money? In that Congress case because Congress has been in the field for a long time.

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Operation Sindoor
Words: 795

On 7th May 2025, the Indian Army carried out Operation Sindoor. This operation was a
reply to the deadly terror attack that happened on 22nd April 2025 in Pahalgam,
Jammu and Kashmir. In that attack 26 innocent people lost their lives. The attack was
done by terrorist groups like Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba. These groups
aimed to disturb peace and hurt the tourism industry in Kashmir. The Indian

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Government and army decided to take strong action in response. The name Sindoor
==80== was chosen for the operation to honour the women who lost their husbands in

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the attack. It showed the country’s deep pain and firm decision to act against terrorism.
India wanted to destroy the terrorist camps in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied
Kashmir, but without starting a full war.

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The Indian Air Force carried out the attack at midnight on 7th May. They targeted nine
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terrorist camps across the border. These places were being used to plan and carry out
attacks against India. The air strikes were ==85== well-planned and used modern
weapons. According to reports, more than 100 terrorists were killed including some
important leaders of these terror groups. The Indian Army made sure there was little or
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no damage to normal people or places. One big highlight of this operation was the use
of Indian technology. The army used the D4 anti-drone system, which was made by
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Bharat Electronics Limited. It helped stop enemy drones from entering Indian airspace.
The other defence system also helped the army by giving real-time information and
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support during the mission. ==90== These systems show that India is ready with
modern tools to protect itself.
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After the strikes, Pakistan claimed that Indian aircraft were shot down and that civilians
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had died. But India clearly said that only terrorist camps were hit and no harm was
done to civilians. In response Pakistan closed its airspace to Indian planes and also

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stopped trade between the two countries. This increased tension between the two
nations. In India, people supported Operation Sindoor. Citizens felt proud of the army.
Many leaders praised ==85== the action. However, some political issues also came
up. A member of the Congress party said that the operation was a drama and blamed
the government. This created anger and other parties demanded action against him.

The S-400 missile defence system played an important role during Operation Sindoor.
This system gave India a powerful shield in the sky. It helped protect Indian airspace
from any possible enemy aircraft or missile attacks during the operation. The S-400
system is one of the most advanced air defence systems in the world, and ==90== its

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use in Operation Sindoor showed how serious and prepared India was during the
mission. The S-400 system was developed by Russia and is also used by countries

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like China and Turkey. India signed a deal with Russia to buy five units of the S-400
system in 2018. By 2024 India had deployed these systems at important locations to
protect its borders. During Operation Sindoor, the Indian Army and Air Force used the

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S-400 system to guard against any sudden counter-attacks from across the
border.==85== A
The system can detect and shoot down enemy aircraft, drones and missiles from a
distance of up to 400 kilometres. It can track 80 targets at the same time and hit
multiple targets with great accuracy. It uses different types of missiles depending on
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the range and type of threat. This made it a perfect choice to protect Indian skies while
the Air Force was busy carrying out strikes in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied
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Kashmir. During Operation Sindoor, the system was put on high alert mode. ==85== It
was placed in forward locations to monitor the air movements near the border. There
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were chances that Pakistan might launch fighter jets or drones to either attack India or
try to stop Indian planes. But with the S-400 in place, Indian forces felt confident and
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safe. Any attempt by the enemy to enter Indian airspace would have been stopped
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immediately.

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Though no direct air battle happened during Operation Sindoor, the presence of the
S-400 made sure that Pakistan did not try to respond with its air force. Defence experts
==90== believe that the powerful coverage of the S-400 was one of the reasons why
the enemy remained quiet in the sky. The system acted as a strong deterrent, meaning
it stopped the enemy from attacking just by being there. The S-400 was also
connected with other defence systems like the Akashteer Air Defence Network and the
D4 anti-drone system. Together, they created a full and smart defence circle for India.
This network gave real-time updates to army officers and helped them make fast
decisions. The ==85== coordination between the Indian Army, Air Force and these

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advanced systems showed that India is now ready for modern warfare.

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Generation Gap
Words: 809

Generation gap refers to the noticeable differences in beliefs, opinions and lifestyles
between people of different age groups particularly between the young and the old.
This theory explains why parents and children or grandparents sometimes struggle to
understand or relate to each other, despite sharing the same home or cultural
background. These differences do not arise only because of age but also due to the

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environment and experiences that shape each generation differently. In the past, the
generation gap was ==80== not very wide as most people lived in joint families

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followed similar customs and respected traditional values without much questioning.
Children usually accepted the decisions made by elders and did not challenge their
authority. However, in today’s world where technology is advancing rapidly and

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cultures are blending the gap has widened significantly.
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Young people are growing up in a time where information is just a click away and
freedom of thought is highly encouraged. As a result, they often think and speak
differently from their ==85== elders which leads to disagreements and
misunderstandings. The generation gap theory highlights that such differences are
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natural and will always exist because each generation is shaped by the unique time
period in which they are born and raised. For example, today’s teenagers are deeply
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influenced by the internet which allows them to explore various ideas and lifestyles. On
the other hand, older generations grew up with limited technology and strong
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traditional beliefs which often makes it difficult for them to accept modern ways easily.
One common area of conflict between ==90== generations is communication. While
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older people usually prefer direct conversations. Younger people are more comfortable
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using messaging apps. This change in the way people interact can create a sense of

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emotional distance where elders may feel ignored and the younger ones may feel they
are being misunderstood or judged.

Career choices also reflect the generation gap as parents often expect their children to
pursue traditional and stable jobs. Many young people today are more inclined towards
creative professions, which may seem risky or unfamiliar to ==85== their parents and
elders. Despite these differences, the generation gap can be managed and even
reduced through mutual respect and understanding. Elders can try to be more flexible
and willing to learn about modern changes while young people should take time to
listen to their elders' experiences and respect their values. Family discussions and

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quality time together can help build strong bonds and reduce confusion or conflict.

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When we talk about the generation gap, it is helpful to understand the different types of
generations that ==85== exist today. Generations are usually grouped based on the
years in which people were born and the major events or changes they experienced

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during their growing-up years. Each generation has its own way of thinking and
communicating which is why people from different generations sometimes find it hard
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to relate to one another. One of the oldest known modern generations is the silent
generation. These people were born between the 1920s and the early 1940s. They are
not very comfortable with technology and usually prefer a calm and quiet way ==90==
of living. Next came the baby boomers that were born between 1946 and 1964. This
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generation grew up after World War II during a time of growth and development. They
were part of big social changes. They often find it difficult to understand the fast and
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flexible lifestyle of today’s youth. After that came generation X that were born roughly
between 1965 and 1980. This group is often seen as independent and practical. Many
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people of this generation experienced the early rise of computers and ==85==
technology. They value a balance between work and life and are often described as
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hardworking but also private and cautious.

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Then came generation Y that were born between 1981 and 1996. This generation
grew up during the rise of the internet, mobile phones and social media. They are often

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more open-minded and focused on personal happiness and growth. These are
comfortable with change and often seek purpose in what they do. They are often
criticised by older generations for changing jobs frequently, but they believe ==85== in
following passion rather than staying stuck in one place. The next group is generation
Z born roughly between 1997 and 2012. This is the first generation to grow up entirely
in the digital age. They are used to smartphones and instant access to information.
They are quick learners and are very aware of social issues such as climate change
and equality. They value creativity and fast results. However, they may also face
challenges like short attention spans and social pressure from being constantly online.
Now the newest generation is ==90== being called generation alpha which includes

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children born from 2013 onwards. They are still very young, but it is clear they are

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growing up in a world full of artificial intelligence and digital education.

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