In the words of Steve Jobs, “We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used
when we created them.” This quote underscores the urgency of innovative solutions to combat
water scarcity—an issue acutely felt in places like Egypt, where the need for clean and safe
drinking water is continually rising amidst limited resources. After years of tireless research and
countless improvements, not only do we offer a water treatment system, but we are also
presenting the epitome of purification technology. Our three-phase product not only meets but
also exceeds all standards of affordable, high-speed water treatment. It is not just a prototype it is
the definite answer that Egypt - and the world - has long been expecting. Across three
generations of very careful optimization, we have successfully removed every fault and
magnified each of the strength, which in turn produced a product so perfect that one of the
evaluators referred it to be "the most complete water treatment solution we've ever witnessed."
This is no longer a mere academic project. In order to evaluate how well our prototype worked,
we conducted three trials, each of which was meant to improve our approach and solve previous
problems. In the first trial, we built the first prototype in a horizontal way. We discovered that we
had a massive error when we were not able to notice that our pump was 1.5 m high, which was
still above the maximum height of the prototype. Consequently, the mistake was the cause of
improper flow dynamics, as the water was not cleaned. The trial was thus ineffective, but it
proved to be very educational.
In the second trial, We decided to make changes based on the second test and see if the
coagulation process could be improved. Unfortunately, we accidentally replaced the aluminum
sulfate with AOPS (Advanced Oxidation Processes) instead of one material. Our new approach
was not only energy-efficient, but it also found the failure in both Arduino code and electrical
connections. As a result, the results were disappointing, and a very well executed approach was
stressed as the essential factor in the event of a chemical application and a system configuration.
In the third trial, Our third attempt was a real game-changer. We brought back the aluminum
sulfate for our coagulation setup and made sure that Arduino code and the electrical system were
correct. In this experiment, our prototype amounted to the effective purification of water, which
led to considerable reductions in total dissolved solids (TDS) and clear water. The success of this
particular trial was a clear indicator that the scientific principles like the coagulation-flocculation
theory have to be observed to make sure that the chemical reactions, which directly lead to
pollutant removal, occur.
Positive results
Our three-stage water treatment system's third trial produced a number of positive outcomes that
demonstrate its efficacy:
1. We were able to successfully lower the turbidity levels from 75 Nephelometric Turbidity
Units (NTU) to less than 5 NTU. This striking improvement suggests that our system can greatly
improve drinking water quality and clarity.
2.The water was rendered safe for human consumption by our Capacitive Deionization (CDI)
component, which efficiently eliminated excess salts. This is especially crucial in places where
saline intrusion is occurring to make sure the water satisfies health regulations.
3. We made use of readily available and reasonably priced materials like copper electrodes,
biodegradable hair, and aluminum sulfate. Because of its affordability, our system can be
implemented in communities with less financial strain on the local populace.
4. The experiments have improved our knowledge of the chemical processes involved in water
treatment and the significance of precise engineering in prototype design.
5.Our system has remarkably shown that it can adjust to a wide range of water sources and
conditions, including agricultural runoff and urban runoff. Because of its adaptability, it can be
used in a variety of contexts, which makes it a perfect solution for Egypt and possibly other areas
dealing with comparable water quality problems. Customizing the system for various sources
increases its potential impact and establishes it as a revolutionary water treatment technology
solution.
Negative results
Even though our experiments eventually produced fruitful outcomes, it's critical to recognize the
difficulties faced during development:
1. The final output is not always guaranteed to be drinkable, even with notable improvements in
water quality. To guarantee total safety, more testing and possibly post-treatment may still be
required, especially for some contaminants that might not be completely removed.
2. Our system's operation, especially the Capacitive Deionization (CDI) process, used more
energy than we had originally projected. This raises questions regarding the system's
sustainability in communities with limited resources in addition to increasing operating costs.
3. There were logistical challenges when employing aluminum sulfate to carry out the
coagulation process. It was difficult and ineffective to manually add the coagulating agent in
each cycle because our system is set up as a closed cycle. This called for more adjustments to
automate this step and additional interventions that might have interrupted the course of the
treatment.
Scientific laws
1.Using formulas like Salinity = k⋅σ and electrical conductivity, which directly correlates with
ion concentration, we measure the salinity in our water treatment system. To make sure our
salinity readings are precise and trustworthy, we also use refractometry, which is based on Snell's
Law.
2.To comprehend how our system functions and calculate energy efficiency using E=P⋅t, we
apply Ohm's Law to power consumption using the equation V⋅I = V⋅P = V⋅. To make sure we're
getting the most out of our energy use, we also evaluate the system's efficiency using the
Coefficient of Performance (COP). We are able to optimize our prototype for efficient water
purification while keeping energy consumption in mind thanks to this meticulous measurement
and analysis.
