Year 10 Mathematical Reasoning

Questions 1–50

1. A shop sells pencils in packs of 4 for $3.60. What is the cost of each pencil?

2. A tank holds 2,500 litres of water. If it is 40% full, how much water is in the tank?

3. Zara spends 25% of her monthly income on rent. If her rent is $600, what is her monthly
income?

4. A train departs at 9:45 AM and arrives at 12:15 PM. How long is the journey?

5. A rectangle has a length of 10 cm and an area of 80 cm². What is its width?

6. A recipe requires 300 g of flour to make 5 cupcakes. How much flour is needed to make
12 cupcakes?

7. A student scored 72, 85, 91 and 87 on four tests. What is their average score?

8. If 3x – 5 = 13, what is the value of x?

9. A car travels 180 km in 3 hours. What is its average speed?

10. A circle has a radius of 7 cm. What is its circumference? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

11. A mobile phone is discounted by 15%. If the original price is $800, what is the sale
price?

12. What is the value of (2/3) ÷ (1/6)?

13. A rectangular garden is 8 m long and 6 m wide. What is its perimeter?

14. A box contains 3 red, 5 blue and 2 green marbles. What is the probability of drawing a
blue marble?

15. Simplify: 2x + 3x – 5 + 7

16. If 5 pencils cost $4.75, what is the cost of 1 pencil?

17. Convert 3.2 kg to grams.

18. A car’s value depreciates by 10% per year. If it’s worth $20,000 now, what will it be worth
after 1 year?

19. What is the mean of these numbers: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14?

20. A cube has a volume of 125 cm³. What is the length of one edge?

21. Simplify: (2x + 3)(x – 4)

22. The sum of two consecutive integers is 37. What are the numbers?

23. Calculate the area of a triangle with base 10 cm and height 5 cm.
24. A train travels at 90 km/h. How far will it travel in 2.5 hours?

25. What is 20% of 350?

26. If x = 3 and y = –2, evaluate: 2x² + 3y

27. Factorise: x² – 9

28. A container holds 2.5 L of juice. How many 250 mL cups can be filled?

29. What is the median of: 14, 18, 21, 22, 25, 30, 31?

30. Write 0.875 as a fraction in simplest form.

31. If 7x = 56, what is x?

32. Simplify: 3(a – 4) + 2a

33. A car uses 8 litres of fuel per 100 km. How much fuel is needed for a 350 km trip?

34. Find the simple interest on $500 for 2 years at 5% per annum.

35. A square has a perimeter of 36 cm. What is the length of one side?

36. A bag contains 12 apples. 3 are rotten. What fraction are not rotten?

37. Expand: (x + 2)(x + 5)

38. Solve: 2x – 7 = 3x + 5

39. A book was $45 but is now $36. What is the percentage discount?

40. How many minutes are there in 2.75 hours?

41. The temperature drops from 8°C to –4°C. What is the change?

42. Convert 3/8 into a decimal.

43. A circle has a diameter of 14 cm. Find its area. (π ≈ 3.14)

44. A parallelogram has a base of 6 cm and height of 4 cm. What is its area?

45. Find the HCF of 24 and 36.

46. Write 3:5 as a fraction.

47. There are 240 students, 3/5 are girls. How many are boys?

48. Simplify: 2(3x – 5) – 4(x + 2)

49. Find the mode: 5, 7, 9, 5, 11, 5, 7

50. A rectangular prism has a length of 5 cm, width 4 cm, height 3 cm. Find its volume.

Answers to Questions 1–50

2. 1,000 litres

3. $2,400

4. 2 hours 30 minutes

5. 8 cm

6. 720 g

7. 83.75

8. x = 6

9. 60 km/h

10. 43.96 cm

11. $680

12. 4

13. 28 m

14. 5/10 or 1/2

15. 5x + 2

16. $0.95

17. 3,200 g

18. $18,000

19. 10

20. 5 cm

21. 2x² – 5x – 12

22. 18 and 19

23. 25 cm²

24. 225 km

25. 70

26. 2(9) + 3(–2) = 18 – 6 = 12

27. (x – 3)(x + 3)

28. 10 cups
 29. 22

30. 7/8

31. x = 8

32. 5a – 12

33. 28 L

34. $50

35. 9 cm

36. 9/12 or 3/4

37. x² + 7x + 10

38. x = –12

39. 20%

40. 165 minutes

41. –12°C

42. 0.375

43. 153.86 cm²

44. 24 cm²

45. 12

46. 3/5

47. 96 boys

48. 2x – 18

49. 5

50. 60 cm³

Year 10 Mathematical Reasoning – Set 2

Questions 51–100

51. The perimeter of a rectangle is 54 cm. If its length is 16 cm, what is its width?

52. A product originally priced at $240 is now sold at 25% discount. What is the sale price?

53. Simplify: 5(x - 3) + 4(x + 2)

55. A train takes 3.5 hours to travel 315 km. What is its average speed?

56. Solve: (x + 4)(x - 6) = 0

57. Convert 2.5 hours to minutes.

58. A triangle has angles measuring 45° and 70°. What is the measure of the third angle?

59. If 3 pens cost $2.40, how much do 5 pens cost?

60. A shopkeeper increases the price of a $120 item by 15%. What is the new price?

61. What is the square root of 196?

62. Find the area of a trapezium with bases 8 cm and 12 cm, and height 5 cm.

63. Express 24 as a product of its prime factors.

64. A car travels at 60 km/h. How many minutes will it take to travel 30 km?

65. Find the next number in the sequence: 3, 6, 12, 24, __

66. A cone has a radius of 4 cm and height of 9 cm. Find its volume. (Use π ≈ 3.14)

67. Simplify: (3x² + 2x – 1) – (x² – x + 3)

68. What is 0.04 as a percentage?

69. What is the LCM of 6 and 8?

70. Find the simple interest on $1,000 for 3 years at 6% per annum.

71. A cube has surface area of 150 cm². What is the area of one face?

72. Solve: 5x – 3 = 2x + 9

73. Expand: (x – 2)²

74. Write 1.25 as a fraction in simplest form.

75. What is the mean of: 8, 12, 15, 20, 25?

76. If 4a – 7 = 25, what is a?

77. Convert 3/5 to a decimal.

78. Factorise: x² + 7x + 12

79. A pie is divided into 8 equal slices. If 3 are eaten, what fraction remains?

80. A TV is priced at $900. A customer pays $270 as deposit. What percentage of the price is
paid?

81. Round 567.891 to 1 decimal place.

82. A student scored 45 out of 60. What is the percentage score?

83. Simplify: 6x – 3(2x – 4)

85. Convert 1.75 hours into minutes.

86. Find the value of x in: 2(x – 3) = 14

87. What is 3/4 of 200?

88. The product of two numbers is 84. One number is 7. What is the other?

89. What is the cube root of 64?

90. A box weighs 12.6 kg. What is the weight of 5 such boxes?

91. What is the area of a circle with radius 5 cm? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

92. Solve: x/4 = 6

93. Write 250% as a decimal.

94. Convert 7/10 into a percentage.

95. Find the di erence between 3/4 and 2/5.

96. Simplify: (x + 1)(x – 3)

97. A rectangular pool is 12 m long and 7 m wide. What is its area?

98. A pencil costs $0.80. How many can be bought with $6.40?

99. Express 0.2 as a fraction.

100. If 5y = 65, what is y?

Answer Key (Set 2)

51. 5.5 cm

52. $180

53. 9x - 7

54. 282.6 cm³

55. 90 km/h

56. x = -4 or x = 6

57. 150 minutes

58. 65°

59. $4.00

60. $138

61. 14

62. 50 cm²
63. 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

64. 30 minutes

65. 48

66. 150.72 cm³

67. 2x² + 3x - 4

68. 4%

69. 24

70. $180

71. 25 cm²

72. x = 4

73. x² – 4x + 4

74. 5/4

75. 16

76. a = 8

77. 0.6

78. (x + 3)(x + 4)

79. 5/8

80. 30%

81. 567.9

82. 75%

83. 12

84. 35.99 cm

85. 105 minutes

86. x = 10

87. 150

88. 12

89. 4

90. 63 kg

91. 78.5 cm²

92. x = 24

93. 2.5
 94. 70%

95. 7/20

96. x² – 2x – 3

97. 84 m²

98. 8 pencils

99. 1/5

100. 13

Year 10 Mathematical Reasoning – Set 3

Questions 101–150

101. A rectangular garden is 15 m long and 9 m wide. What is its area?

102. Simplify: 3(2x – 5) – 4x

103. A bag contains 5 red, 7 green, and 8 blue marbles. What is the probability of
selecting a green marble?

104. Solve: 4x – 7 = 2x + 9

105. What is the value of 2³ × 5²?

106. Find the mean of these numbers: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30

107. Convert 2.25 hours into minutes.

108. A cube has a volume of 64 cm³. What is the length of one edge?

109. A number is doubled and then 7 is subtracted. The result is 15. What is the
number?

110. Write 0.6 as a fraction in its simplest form.

111. Find the HCF of 18 and 30.

112. A bike travels 48 km in 1.5 hours. What is its average speed?

113. Expand: (x + 4)(x – 6)

114. Factorise: x² – x – 6

115. The sum of three consecutive numbers is 75. What are they?

116. What is 45% of 320?

117. A triangle has sides of 8 cm, 15 cm, and 17 cm. Is it a right-angled triangle?

118. If a = 4 and b = –2, find the value of ab – b²

119. A store gives a 12% discount on a $150 item. How much is the discount?

120. If 2x + 3 = 4x – 1, what is x?
121. A rectangular prism has dimensions 10 cm, 5 cm, and 4 cm. What is its volume?

122. Simplify: (2x – 3)(x + 5)

123. Solve: x² = 144

124. A person earns $720 weekly. How much is earned in 8 weeks?

125. Find the perimeter of a square with area 49 cm².

126. Convert 3/20 into a percentage.

127. A ladder leans against a wall making a right triangle. If the base is 6 m and the
height is 8 m, find the length of the ladder.

128. Find the next term: 4, 9, 16, 25, __

129. If 5x = 80, what is x?

130. A carton contains 6 rows of 4 juice boxes. Each box costs $1.20. What is the total
cost?

131. A car’s fuel tank holds 48 litres. It’s currently 3/4 full. How many litres are in the
tank?

132. Simplify: 8a – 3(2a – 4)

133. Convert 0.125 to a fraction in simplest form.

134. A pack of 5 notebooks costs $7.25. What is the cost per notebook?

135. Evaluate: 2² + 3² + 4²

136. A shop earns $1,800 profit in March and $2,200 in April. What is the percentage
increase?

137. A student got 18 out of 25 on a test. What percentage is this?

138. Factorise: x² – 16

139. Solve: 3x + 1 = 4x – 6

140. A circle has a radius of 10 cm. Find its area (use π ≈ 3.14).

141. Write 125% as a fraction in simplest form.

142. The average of five numbers is 20. What is their total?

143. Expand and simplify: (x – 1)(x – 3)

144. What is the cube of 5?

145. What is the LCM of 10 and 15?

146. A parallelogram has base 12 cm and height 7 cm. Find its area.

147. What is the di erence between 4/5 and 1/3?

148. A pen costs $3.50. How many can you buy with $42?
149. Simplify: 4x² – 9x + 7 – (x² + 2x – 4)

150. If y = 2x + 3 and x = –1, what is the value of y?

Answer Key (Set 3)

101. 135 m²

102. 2x – 15

103. 7/20

104. x=8

105. 200

106. 20

107. 135 minutes

108. 4 cm

109. 11

110. 3/5

111. 6

112. 32 km/h

113. x² – 2x – 24

114. (x – 3)(x + 2)

115. 24, 25, 26

116. 144

117. Yes (Pythagorean triple)

118. –4

119. $18

120. x=2

121. 200 cm³

122. 2x² + 7x – 15

123. x = ±12

124. $5,760

125. 28 cm

126. 15%

127. 10 m
 128. 36

129. 16

130. $28.80

131. 36 litres

132. 2a + 12

133. 1/8

134. $1.45

135. 29

136. 22.2%

137. 72%

138. (x – 4)(x + 4)

139. x=7

140. 314 cm²

141. 5/4

142. 100

143. x² – 4x + 3

144. 125

145. 30

146. 84 cm²

147. 7/15

148. 12 pens

149. 3x² – 11x + 11

150. 1

Year 10 Mathematical Reasoning – Set 4

Questions 151–200

151. Solve for x: 3(x – 2) + 4 = 2x + 7

152. A circle has a circumference of 31.4 cm. What is its radius? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

153. Simplify: 7x – 2(3x – 4)

154. Find the area of a right-angled triangle with legs 6 cm and 8 cm.

155. What is 35% of 400?

157. The sum of angles in a polygon is 540°. How many sides does it have?

158. If 4y – 5 = 19, find y.

159. Find the volume of a cube with edge length 7 cm.

160. A rectangle has length 14 cm and width 9 cm. Find its perimeter.

161. Solve: 2x² – 18 = 0

162. A number is increased by 20% to get 72. What was the original number?

163. Expand: (x + 3)(x – 5)

164. A recipe calls for 250 g of sugar to make 8 servings. How much sugar is needed
for 12 servings?

165. What is the probability of rolling a number less than 3 on a six-sided die?

166. Find the median of: 12, 18, 25, 31, 35

167. If the ratio of cats to dogs is 3:5 and there are 24 dogs, how many cats are there?

168. Calculate the simple interest on $800 for 4 years at 7% per annum.

169. Simplify: 4(x + 2) – 3(x – 1)

170. What is the square root of 225?

171. A triangle has sides 7 cm, 24 cm, and 25 cm. Is it a right triangle?

172. Solve for x: 5x + 3 = 2x + 12

173. Write 0.375 as a fraction in simplest form.

174. What is the mode of these numbers: 4, 6, 6, 7, 9, 6, 11?

175. Find the next number in the pattern: 5, 11, 17, 23, __

176. A car uses 9 litres of fuel to travel 100 km. How much fuel is used in 250 km?

177. Calculate the perimeter of a regular hexagon with side length 10 cm.

178. Factorise: x² – 5x + 6

179. Find the area of a circle with diameter 10 cm. (Use π ≈ 3.14)

180. If 6x = 54, what is x?

181. A book originally costs $80 and is discounted by 20%. What is the sale price?

182. Simplify: 3(x – 2) + 4(2x + 1)

183. Convert 3/8 to a decimal.

184. What is the volume of a cylinder with radius 5 cm and height 10 cm? (Use π ≈
3.14)
185. A class has 24 students, 1/3 of whom are absent. How many students are
present?

186. Find the di erence between 7/8 and 1/4.

187. What is the value of x if 2x + 3 = 17?

188. Calculate the area of a square with side length 13 cm.

189. Write 0.05 as a percentage.

190. If y = 3x – 4 and x = 5, what is y?

191. What is the mean of these numbers: 14, 18, 20, 22, 26?

192. Simplify: 5(2x + 3) – 4(x – 1)

193. Calculate the simple interest on $600 for 3 years at 4% per annum.

194. Find the LCM of 9 and 12.

195. Solve: x² – 16 = 0

196. A rectangular prism has length 8 cm, width 6 cm, and height 5 cm. Find its
volume.

197. A number decreased by 15% is 85. What is the original number?

198. Write 7/20 as a decimal.

199. A pizza is cut into 10 slices. If 4 slices are eaten, what fraction remains?

200. Solve for x: 3x + 2 = 2x + 7

Answer Key (Set 4)

151. x=5

152. 5 cm

153. x+8

154. 24 cm²

155. 140

156. 9/20

157. 7 sides (heptagon)

158. 6

159. 343 cm³

160. 46 cm

161. x = ±3

162. 60
163. x² – 2x – 15

164. 375 g

165. 1/3

166. 25

167. 9 cats

168. $224

169. x + 11

170. 15

171. Yes

172. x=3

173. 3/8

174. 6

175. 29

176. 22.5 litres

177. 60 cm

178. (x – 2)(x – 3)

179. 78.5 cm²

180. 9

181. $64

182. 11x – 2

183. 0.375

184. 785 cm³

185. 16 students

186. 5/8

187. 7

188. 169 cm²

189. 5%

190. 11

191. 20

192. 6x + 19

193. $72
194. 36

195. x = ±4

196. 240 cm³

197. 100

198. 0.35

199. 3/5

200. x=5