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An Introduction to Statistical
Analysis in Research
 ix

Preface

This book is designed to be a practical guide to the basics of statis-

tical analysis. The structure of the book was born from a desire to
meet the needs of our own science students, who often felt discon-
nected from the mathematical basis of statistics and who struggled
with the practical application of statistical analysis software in their
research. Thus, the specific emphasis of this text is on the conceptual
framework of statistics and the practical application of statistics in
the biological and life sciences, with examples and case studies from
biology, kinesiology, and physical anthropology.
In the first few chapters, the book focuses on experimental design,
showing data, and the basics of sampling and populations. Under-
standing biases and knowing how to categorize data, process data,
and show data in a systematic way are important skills for any
researcher. By solidifying the conceptual framework of hypothesis
testing and research methods, as well as the practical instructions for
showing data through graphs and figures, the student will be better
equipped for the statistical tests to come.
Subsequent chapters delve into detail to describe many of the
parametric and nonparametric statistical tests commonly used in
research. Each section includes a description of the test, as well as
when and how to use the test appropriately in the context of exam-
ples from biology and the life sciences. The chapters include in-depth
tutorials for statistical analyses using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, Apple
Numbers, and R, which are the programs used most often on col-
lege campuses, or in the case of R, is free to access on the web. Each
tutorial includes sample datasets that allow for practicing and apply-
ing the statistical tests, as well as instructions on how to interpret the
x Preface

statistical outputs in the context of hypothesis testing. By building

confidence through practice and application, the student should gain
the proficiency needed to apply the concepts and statistical tests to
their own situations.
The material presented within is appropriate for anyone looking
to apply statistical tests to data, whether it is for the novice student,
for the student looking to refresh their knowledge of statistics, or for
those looking for a practical step-by-step guide for analyzing data
across multiple platforms. This book is designed for undergraduate-
level research methods and biostatistics courses and would also be
useful as an accompanying text to any statistics course or course that
requires statistical testing in its curriculum.

Examples from the Book

The tutorials in this book are built to show a variety of approaches to

using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, Apple Numbers, and R, so the student
can find their own unique style in working with statistical software,
as well as to enrich the student learning experience through exposure
to more and varied examples. Most of the data used in this book were
obtained directly from published articles or were drawn from unpub-
lished datasets with permission from the faculty at the University of
La Verne. In some tutorials, data were generated strictly for teaching
purposes; however, data were based on actual trends observed in the
literature.
 xi

Acknowledgments

This book was made possible by the help and support of many close
colleagues, students, friends, and family; because of you, the ideas
for this book became a reality. Thank you to Jerome Garcia and Anil
Kapoor for incorporating early drafts of this book into your courses
and for your constructive feedback that allowed it to grow and
develop. Thank you to Priscilla Escalante for your help in research-
ing tutorial design, Alicia Guadarrama and Jeremy Wagoner for being
our tutorial testers, and Margaret Gough and Joseph Cabrera for your
helpful comments and suggestions; we greatly appreciate it. Finally,
thank you to the University of La Verne faculty that kindly provided
their original data to be used as examples and to the students who
inspired this work from the beginning.
 xiii

About the Companion Website

This book is accompanied by a companion website:

www.wiley.com/go/weaver/statistical analysis in research
The website features:
r R, SPSS, Excel, and Numbers data sets from throughout the book
r Sample PowerPoint lecture slides
r End of the chapter review questions
r Software video tutorials that highlight basic statistical concepts
r Student workbook including material not found in the textbook,
such as probability, along with an instructor manual
 

Experimental Design

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Define key terms related to sampling and variables.

2. Describe the relationship between a population and a sample in
making a statistical estimate.
3. Determine the independent and dependent variables within a
given scenario.
4. Formulate a study with an appropriate sampling design that limits
bias and error.

. Experimental Design Background

As scientists, our knowledge of the natural world comes from direct

observations and experiments. A good experimental design is essen-
tial for making inferences and drawing appropriate conclusions
from our observations. Experimental design starts by formulating an
appropriate question and then knowing how data can be collected
and analyzed to help answer your question. Let us take the following
example.

An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research: With Applications in the Biological and Life Sciences,
First Edition. Kathleen F. Weaver, Vanessa C. Morales, Sarah L. Dunn, Kanya Godde and Pablo F. Weaver.
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Companion Website: www.wiley/com/go/weaver/statistical analysis in research
 An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research

Case Study

Observation: A healthy body weight is correlated with good diet and

regular physical activity. One component of a good diet is consuming
enough fiber; therefore, one question we might ask is: do Americans
who eat more fiber on a daily basis have a healthier body weight or
body mass index (BMI) score?
How would we go about answering this question?
In order to get the most accurate data possible, we would need to
design an experiment that would allow us to survey the entire pop-
ulation (all possible test subjects – all people living in the United
States) regarding their eating habits and then match those to their
BMI scores. However, it would take a lot of time and money to sur-
vey every person in the country. In addition, if too much time elapses
from the beginning to the end of collection, then the accuracy of the
data would be compromised.
More practically, we would choose a representative sample with
which to make our inferences. For example, we might survey 5000
men and 5000 women to serve as a representative sample. We could
then use that smaller sample as an estimate of our population to eval-
uate our question. In order to get a proper (and unbiased) sample and
estimate of the population, the researcher must decide on the best
(and most effective) sampling design for a given question.

. Sampling Design

Below are some examples of sampling strategies that a researcher

could use in setting up a research study. The strategy you choose will
be dependent on your research question. Also keep in mind that the
sample size (N) needed for a given study varies by discipline. Check
with your mentor and look at the literature to verify appropriate sam-
pling in your field.
Some of the sampling strategies introduce bias. Bias occurs when
certain individuals are more likely to be selected than others in a sam-
ple. A biased sample can change the predictive accuracy of your sam-
ple; however, sometimes bias is acceptable and expected as long as
 Experimental Design 

Figure . A representation of a random sample of individuals within a

population.

it is identified and justifiable. Make sure that your question matches

and acknowledges the inherent bias of your design.

Random Sample

In a random sample all individuals within a population have an equal

chance of being selected, and the choice of one individual does not
influence the choice of any other individual (as illustrated in Fig-
ure 1.1). A random sample is assumed to be the best technique for
obtaining an accurate representation of a population. This technique
is often associated with a random number generator, where each indi-
vidual is assigned a number and then selected randomly until a pres-
elected sample size is reached. A random sample is preferred in most
situations, unless there are limitations to data collection or there is
a preference by the researcher to look specifically at subpopulations
within the larger population.
In our BMI example, a person in Chicago and a person in Seat-
tle would have an equal chance of being selected for the study.
 An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research

Likewise, selecting someone in Seattle does not eliminate the pos-

sibility of selecting other participants from Seattle. As easy as this
seems in theory, it can be challenging to put into practice.

Systematic Sample

A systematic sample is similar to a random sample. In this case,

potential participants are ordered (e.g., alphabetically), a random first
individual is selected, and every kth individual afterward is picked for
inclusion in the sample. It is best practice to randomly choose the first
participant and not to simply choose the first person on the list. A
random number generator is an effective tool for this. To determine
k, divide the number of individuals within a population by the desired
sample size.
This technique is often used within institutions or companies
where there are a larger number of potential participants and a subset
is desired. In Figure 1.2, the third person (going down the first col-
umn) is the first individual selected and every sixth person afterward
is selected for a total of 7 out of 40 possible.

Figure . A systematic sample of individuals within a population, starting at

the third individual and then selecting every sixth subsequent individual in the
group.
 Experimental Design 

Figure . A stratified sample of individuals within a population. A minimum of

20% of the individuals within each subpopulation were selected.

Stratified Sample

A stratified sample is necessary if your population includes a num-

ber of different categories and you want to make sure your sample
includes all categories (e.g., gender, ethnicity, other categorical vari-
ables). In Figure 1.3, the population is organized first by category (i.e.,
strata) and then random individuals are selected from each category.
In our BMI example, we might want to make sure all regions of the
country are represented in the sample. For example, you might want
to randomly choose at least one person from each city represented in
your population (e.g., Seattle, Chicago, New York, etc.).

Volunteer Sample

A volunteer sample is used when participants volunteer for a partic-

ular study. Bias would be assumed for a volunteer sample because
people who are likely to volunteer typically have certain characteris-
tics in common. Like all other sample types, collecting demographic
data would be important for a volunteer study, so that you can deter-
mine most of the potential biases in your data.
 An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research

Sample of Convenience

A sample of convenience is not representative of a target population

because it gives preference to individuals within close proximity. The
reality is that samples are often chosen based on the availability of a
sample to the researcher.
Here are some examples:
r A university researcher interested in studying BMI versus fiber
intake might choose to sample from the students or faculty she has
direct access to on her campus.
r A skeletal biologist might observe skeletons buried in a particular
cemetery, although there are other cemeteries in the same ancient
city.
r A malacologist with a limited time frame may only choose to collect
snails from populations in close proximity to roads and highways.
In any of these cases, the researcher assumes that the sample is biased
and may not be representative of the population as a whole.

Replication is important in all experiments. Replication involves

repeating the same experiment in order to improve the chances of
obtaining an accurate result. Living systems are highly variable. In any
scientific investigation, there is a chance of having a sample that does
not represent the norm. An experiment performed on a small sample
may not be representative of the whole population. The experiment
should be replicated many times, with the experimental results aver-
aged and/or the median values calculated (see Chapter 2).

For all studies involving living human participants, you need to

ensure that you have submitted your research proposal to your cam-
pus’ Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee prior to
initiating the research protocol. For studies involving animals, sub-
mit your research proposal to the Institutional Animal Care and Use
Committee (IACUC).

Counterbalancing

When designing an experiment with paired data (e.g., testing multi-

ple treatments on the same individuals), you may need to consider
 Experimental Design 

counterbalancing to control for bias. Bias in these cases may take the
form of the subjects learning and changing their behavior between
trials, slight differences in the environment during different trials, or
some other variable whose effects are difficult to control between tri-
als. By counterbalancing we try to offset the slight differences that
may be present in our data due to these circumstances. For exam-
ple, if you were investigating the effects of caffeine consumption on
strength, compared to a placebo, you would want to counterbalance
the strength session with placebo and caffeine. By dividing the entire
test population into two groups (A and B), and testing them on two
separate days, under alternating conditions, you would counterbal-
ance the laboratory sessions. One group (A) would present to the
laboratory and undergo testing following caffeine consumption and
then the other group (B) would present to the laboratory and con-
sume the placebo on the same day. To ensure washout of the caffeine,
each group would come back one week later on the same day at the
same time and undergo the strength tests under the opposite con-
ditions from day 1. Thus, group B would consume the caffeine and
group A would consume the placebo on testing day 2. By counter-
balancing the sessions you reduce the risk of one group having an
advantage or a different experience over the other, which can ulti-
mately impact your data.

. Sample Analysis

Once we take a sample of the population, we can use descriptive

statistics to characterize the population. Our estimate may include
the mean and variance of the sample group. For example, we may
want to compare the mean BMI score of men who intake greater than
38 g of dietary fiber per day with those who intake less than 38 g of
dietary fiber per day (as indicated in Figure 1.4). We cannot sample all
men; therefore, we might randomly sample 100 men from the larger
population for each category (<38 g and >38 g). In this study, our
sample group, or subset, of 200 men (N = 200) is assumed to be rep-
resentative of the whole.
Although this estimate would not yield the exact same results as
a larger study with more participants, we are likely to get a good
estimate that approximates the population mean. We can then use
 An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research

Body mass index 35

30

25

20
< 38 > 38
Dietary fiber intake (grams per day)

Figure . Bar graph comparing the body mass index (BMI) of men who eat
less than 38 g of fiber per day to men who eat more than 38 g of fiber per day.

inferential statistics to determine the quality of our estimate in

describing the sample and determine our ability to make predictions
about the larger population.
If we wanted to compare dietary fiber intake between men and
women, we could go beyond descriptive statistics to evaluate whether
the two groups (populations) are different, as in Figure 1.5. Inferen-
tial statistics allows us to place a confidence interval on whether
the two samples are from the same population, or whether they are
really two different populations. To compare men and women, we
could use an independent t-test for statistical analysis. In this case,
we would receive both the means for the groups, as well as a p-value,

40
Daily dietary fiber (g)

30

20

10

0
Men Women
Gender

Figure . Bar graph comparing the daily dietary fiber (g) intake of men and
women.
 Experimental Design 

which would give us an estimated degree of confidence in whether

the groups are different from each other.

. Hypotheses

In essence, statistics is hypothesis testing. A hypothesis is a testable

statement that provides a possible explanation to an observable
event or phenomenon. A good, testable hypothesis implies that the
independent variable (established by the researcher) and depen-
dent variable (also called a response variable) can be measured.
Often, hypotheses in science laboratories (general biology, cell biol-
ogy, chemistry, etc.) are written as “If…then…” statements; how-
ever, in scientific publications, hypotheses are rarely spelled out in
this way. Instead, you will see them formulated in terms of possible
explanations to a problem. In this book, we will introduce formal-
ized hypotheses used specifically for statistical analysis. Hypotheses
are formulated as either the null hypothesis or alternative hypothe-
ses. Within certain chapters of this book, we indicate the opportunity
to formulate hypotheses using this symbol H .
In the simplest scenario, the null hypothesis (H0 ) assumes that
there is no difference between groups. Therefore, the null hypothesis
assumes that any observed difference between groups is based merely
on variation in the population. In the dietary fiber example, our null
hypothesis would be that there is no difference in fiber consumption
between the sexes.
The alternative hypotheses (H1 , H2 , etc.) are possible explana-
tions for the significant differences observed between study pop-
ulations. In the example above, we could have several alternative
hypotheses. An example for the first alternative hypothesis, H1 , is that
there will be a difference in the dietary fiber intake between men and
women.
Good hypothesis statements will include a rationale or reason for
the difference. This rationale will correspond with the background
research you have gathered on the system.
It is important to keep in mind that difference between groups
could be due to other variables that were not accounted for in our
experimental design. For example, if when you were surveying men
and women over the telephone, you did not ask about other dietary
 An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research

choices (e.g., Atkins, South Beach, vegan diets), you may have intro-
duced bias unexpectedly. If by chance, all the men were on a high pro-
tein diet and the women were vegan, this could bring bias into your
sample. It is important to plan out your experiments and consider all
variables that may influence the outcome.

. Variables

An important component of experimental design is to define and

identify the variables inherent in your sample. To explain these vari-
ables, let us look at another example.

Case Study

In 1995, wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park after

an almost 70-year absence. Without the wolf, many predator–prey
dynamics had changed, with one prominent consequence being an
explosion of the elk population. As a result, much of the vegetation
in the park was consumed, resulting in obvious changes, such as to
nesting bird habitat, but also more obscure effects like stream health.
With the reintroduction of the wolf, park rangers and scientists began
noticing dramatic and far reaching changes to food webs and ecosys-
tems within the park. One question we could ask is how trout pop-
ulations were impacted by the reintroduction of the wolf. To design
this experiment, we will need to define our variables.
The independent variable, also known as the treatment, is the
part of the experiment established by or directly manipulated by
the research that causes a potential change in another variable (the
dependent variable). In the wolf example, the independent variable is
the presence/absence of wolves in the park.
The dependent variable, also known as the response variable,
changes because it “depends” on the influence of the independent
variable. There is often only one independent variable (depending
on the level of research); however, there can potentially be several
dependent variables. In the question above, there is only one depen-
dent variable – trout abundance. However, in a separate question,
we could examine how wolf introduction impacted populations of
beavers, coyotes, bears, or a variety of plant species.
 Experimental Design 

Controlled variables are other variables or factors that cause

direct changes to the dependent variable(s) unrelated to the changes
caused by the independent variable. Controlled variables must be
carefully monitored to avoid error or bias in an experiment. Exam-
ples of controlled variables in our example would be abiotic factors
(such as sunlight) and biotic factors (such as bear abundance). In the
Yellowstone wolf/trout example, researchers would need to survey
the same streams at the same time of year over multiple seasons to
minimize error.
Here is another example: In a general biology laboratory, the stu-
dents in the class are asked to determine which fertilizer is best for
promoting plant growth. Each student in the class is given three
plants; the plants are of the same species and size. For the experi-
ment, each plant is given a different fertilizer (A, B, and C). What are
the other variables that might influence a plant’s growth?
Let us say that the three plants are not receiving equal sunlight, the
one on the right (C) is receiving the most sunlight and the one on the
left (A) is receiving the least sunlight. In this experiment, the results
would likely show that the plant on the right became more mature
with larger and fuller flowers. This might lead the experimenter to
determine that company C produces the best fertilizer for flowering
plants. However, the results are biased because the variables were not
controlled. We cannot determine if the larger flowers were the result
of a better fertilizer or just more sunlight.

Types of Variables

Categorical variables are those that fall into two or more categories.
Examples of categorical variables are nominal variables and ordinal
variables.
Nominal variables are counted not measured, and they have no
numerical value or rank. Instead, nominal variables classify informa-
tion into two or more categories. Here are some examples:

r Sex (male, female)

r College major (Biology, Kinesiology, English, History, etc.)
r Mode of transportation (walk, cycle, drive alone, carpool)
r Blood type (A, B, AB, O)
 An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research

Ordinal variables, like nominal variables, have two or more cat-

egories; however, the order of the categories is significant. Here are
some examples:
r Satisfaction survey (1 = “poor,” 2 = “acceptable,” 3 = “good,”
4 = “excellent”)
r Levels of pain (mild, moderate, severe)
r Stage of cancer (I, II, III, IV)
r Level of education (high school, undergraduate, graduate)
Ordinal variables are ranked; however, no arithmetic-like operations
are possible (i.e., rankings of poor (1) and acceptable (2) cannot be
added together to get a good (3) rating).
Quantitative variables are variables that are counted or mea-
sured on a numerical scale. Examples of quantitative variables include
height, body weight, time, and temperature. Quantitative variables
fall into two categories: discrete and continuous.
Discrete variables are variables that are counted:
r Number of wing veins
r Number of people surveyed
r Number of colonies counted
Continuous variables are numerical variables that are measured
on a continuous scale and can be either ratio or interval.
Ratio variables have a true zero point and comparisons of magni-
tude can be made. For instance, a snake that measures 4 feet in length
can be said to be twice the length of a 2 foot snake. Examples of ratio
variables include: height, body weight, and income.
Interval variables have an arbitrarily assigned zero point. Unlike
ratio data, comparisons of magnitude among different values on an
interval scale are not possible. An example of an interval variable is
temperature (Celsius or Fahrenheit scale).
 

Central Tendency and Distribution

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Define and calculate measures of central tendency.
2. Describe the variance within a normal population.
3. Interpret frequency distribution curves and compare normal and
non-normal populations.

. Central Tendency and Other Descriptive Statistics

Sampling Data and Distribution

Before beginning a project, we need an understanding of how pop-

ulations and data are distributed. How do we describe a population?
What is a bell curve, and why do biological data typically fall into a
normal, bell-shaped distribution? When do data not follow a normal
distribution? How are each of these populations treated statistically?

Measures of Central Tendencies: Describing a Population

The central tendency of a population characterizes a typical value

of a population. Let us take the following example to help illustrate
this concept. The company Gallup has a partnership with Healthways
to collect information about Americans’ perception of their health
An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research: With Applications in the Biological and Life Sciences,
First Edition. Kathleen F. Weaver, Vanessa C. Morales, Sarah L. Dunn, Kanya Godde and Pablo F. Weaver.
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Companion Website: www.wiley/com/go/weaver/statistical analysis in research
 An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research

Table . Americans’ perceptions of health and happiness collected from the
company Gallup.

US Well-Being Index Score Change versus Last Measure

Well-being index 67.0 +0.2

Emotional health 79.7 +0.3
Physical health 76.9 +0.6
Life evaluation 50.5 +0.5
Work environment 48.5 +0.6

and happiness, including work environment, emotional and physical

health, and basic access to health care services. This information is
compiled to calculate an overall well-being index that can be used to
gain insight into people at the community, state, and national level.
Gallup pollers call 1000 Americans per day, and their researchers
summarize the results using measures of central tendency to illus-
trate the typical response for the population. Table 2.1 is an example
of data collected by Gallup.
The central tendency of a population can be measured using the
arithmetic mean, median, or mode. These three components are uti-
lized to calculate or specify a numerical value that is reflective of the
distribution of the population. The measures of central tendency are
described in detail below.

Mean

The mean, also known as average, is the most common measure of

central tendency. All values are used to calculate the mean; therefore,
it is the measure that is most sensitive to any change in value. (This is
not the case with median and mode.) As you will see in a later section,
normally distributed data have an equal mean, median, and mode.
The mean is calculated by adding all the reported numerical values
together and dividing that total by the number of observations. Let
us examine the following scenario: suppose a professor is implement-
ing a new teaching style in the hope of improving students’ retention
of class material. Because there are two courses being offered, she
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et absolvendi a pereg-rinationibus. Tenore presenlium notum fiat
quod nos talis inquisitor, considerata senectute seu debiiitate talis
persone , peregrinationes olim sibi noraine penitentie impositas et
injunctas pro hiis que commiserat in facto seu crimine heretice
pravilatis, eidem commutaviraus in alia opera pietatis , eundem ac
ejus bona et heredes a predictis peregrinationibus extra Tholosam
dumtaxat faciendis tenore presentium absolvimus et quittaraus,
solutis quinquaginta libris Turonensibus ad opus talis pontis [f" 30 c]
(vel : talis ecciesie vel sic : in piis usibus ad nostrum arbitrium
expendendis, de quibus jam ad raandatum nostrum integre satisfecit
vel sic : pro quibus jam juxta ordinationem nostram de bonis suis
satisfecit in quibusdam operibus pielatis); nichil immutantes in aliis ,
etc. , ut supra. 24. Item forma alia quantum ad modum loquendi in
casu aliquo speciali. Tenore presentium notum fiat quod nos
inquisitor talis, considerantes quod hoc solum bene agitur ut vita
hominum corrigatur, videntes (1) Ista clausula poni poterit vel dimitli,
en marge.
 56 PRACTICA INQUISITIOMS IIERETICE PRAVITATIS.
sponlaneam confessionem el contritionis ac penilentie signa talis N.
de tali loco , el per hoc de ejusdcm correclione in posterum
confidenles , ad ejus instantiam et requisilionem humilem relevanles
ipsum a corporali labore mulliplici ctdiscursu, de gratia speciali
pcregrinationes olim sibi nomine penitenlie impositas et injunctas
eidem commulavimus, elc. , ut supra. 25. Item forma specialis ad
commutandum peregrinationes. Tenore presenlium notum fiat quod
nos talis N. inquisitor, piis bonorum virorum precibus inclinali ac moti
intuilu pietalis, considerala nimia senectute ac debililate corporis talis
N. de tali loco , peregrinationes extra Tholosam dumtaxat faciendas
eidem pro hiis que commisit in crimine seu [f° 30 d] facto heresis in
penitenliam et nomiue penilentie per nos {vel : per tales
inquisitores) duduni impositas el injunctas eidem commutavimus in
alia opera pietatis, injungentes eidem tali N. ut in redemplionem seu
commutalionem ipsarum det el persolvat quinquaginta libras
Turonenses expendendas el distribuendas ad nostrura arbitrium in
pios usus {vel sic : in persecutione hereticorum vel : pro
necessilatibus officii inquisitionis vel sic : in opere lalis ponlis vel :
lalis fonlis vel : talis ecclesie vel sic : ad arbitrium venerabilis ac
discreti viri talis abbalis) , de quibus quinquaginta libris jam ad
nostrum arbitrium satisfecit. Unde eundem N. et ejus bona et
heredes et successores suos teuore presentium absolvimus et
quiltamus, nichil immutantes inaliis que in litterissue
penitenliecontinentur. Datum, etc, ut supra. 26. Item forma alia
quittandi aliquem ab omnibus penis et penitentiis de gracia speciali ,
quod nunquam vel rarissime fieri debet. Tenore presenlium notum
fiat quod nos talis N. inquisitor, ad instanliam et preces multorum
virorum bonorum ac sollempnium personarum , ex gracia speciali
absolvimus in perpetuum et quitlamus talem N. de lali loco et ejus
bona preseulia et futura ac ipsius heredes ab omnibus
peregrinationibus et visitationibus [f" 31 a] ecclesiarum sibi nomine
penilentie dudum imposilis et injunclis pro hiis que commiserat in
facto seu crimine heresis, necnon ab omnibus penis in litteris
penitentie sue contentis et spccialiter et expresse a pena illa ne
publice officiis fungeretur, concedentes et resliluentes eidem teuore
presentium quod publicis officiis possil fungi , nichil immutantes in
aliis que in litleris sue penilentie conlinentur. In quorum omnium
teslimonium et munimen sigillum nostrum presentibus duximus
apponendum. Datum , etc.
 SECUNDA PARS. 57 27. Forma seu modus citandi seu
conveniendi heredes seu bonorum detentores illorum qui
peregrinationes sibi injunctas seu alia imposita sibi onera, dum
viverent, minime compleverunt. Frater lalis N. inquisitor tali
capellano seu rectori vel ejus locum tenenti , salutem in aclore fidei
Domino Jhesu Christo. — Mandamus vobis auctoritate apostolica qua
fungimur in hac parte quaiinus citetis ex parte nostra tales el tales
heredes seu l)onorum detentores talis N. nunc defuncti, quatinus tali
die, Tholose, in domo inquisitionis, personaliter compareant coram
nobis ostensuri lilteras penitentiarum dudum impositarum prefato tali
defuncto , dum vivebat, pro hiis que commiserat in crimine heretice
pravitatis , necnon satisfacturi super defectu predictarum [f" 31 b]
penitenliarum, et facluri quod fueril rationis. Datum sub sigillo nostro
, etc. 28. Modus scribendi ad compellendum heredes seu bonorum
detentores illorum qui pereg-rinationes sibi injunctas minime
compleverunt. Fraler talis N. inquisitor dilecto sibi in Chrislo bajulo
talis loci, salutem in actore fidei Domino Jhesu Christo. — Cum
dudum talis N. de tali loco, nunc defunctus, coram nobis {vel sic :
coram predecessoribus nostris inquisitoribus) obligaverit se et omnia
bona sua ad suscipiendum et perficiendum penitentiam quam sibi
inquisitores heretice pravitatis ducerent injungendum pro hiis que
tam per inquisitionem quam per suam propriam confessionem
faclam in juditio invenitur commisisse in crimine heretice pravitatis,
et eidem de discretorum consilio nomine penitentie certe
peregrinationes injuncte fuerint pro commissis in facto heresis
tempore quo vivebat, quas ipsura fecisse seu complevisse super hoc
citati a nobis heredes seu bonorum ipsius delentores minime
ostenderunt, el pro dictis peregrinationibus ac defectu earum
taxaverimus super bonis ipsius quondam defuncti predicti decem
libras Turonenses in operibus pietatis seu in piis usibus ad noslrum
arbilrium expendendas,auctoritate qua fungimur vos requirimus [f°
31 c] vobisque mandamus quatinus tales heredes seu bonorum
detentores predicli defuncti , que bona cum suo onere transeunt ad
heredes, compellatis ad solvendum dictas decem libras infra XV. dies
per bonorum captionem , aut venditionem, si necesse fuerit, taliter
facientes ue in defectu vestri nos oporteat majus brachium regal[is]
curie requirere in hac parte. Dalura sub sigillo nostro, elc. 8
 58 PRACTICA INQ['ISITIOMS HERETICE PRAVITATIS. 29.
Forma quittandi heredes alicujus defuncti, postquam satisfecerint
super defectu pereg-rinationum quas dictus defunctus non
compleverat, dum vivebat. Tenore presentium notum fial quod nos
talis N. inquisitor tenore presenlium absolvimus et quitlamus heredes
et bonorum detentores defuncti quondam talis N. ab omnibus
peregrinationibus et visitationibus ecclesiarum Tholose ac eorum
defectu , que olim predicto tali N. jam defuncto fuerunt imposite el
injuncle pro hiis que commiscrat, diim viveret, in criraine heretice
pravitatis , cum dicti iieredes super predictis ad nostram
ordinalionem et arbilriam satisfecerinl in el pro quibusdam operibus
pietatis. In cujus rei testimonium, elc. 30. Forma absolvendi et
quittandi aliquem a defectu visitationum. Tenore presentium notum
fiat quod nos talis N. inquisitor [f^* 31 d] absolvimus et quittamus
talem N. de tali loco a defectu visilationum ecclesiarum Tholose quas
usque ad presentem diem obmisit facere, quia satisfecit juxla
nostrnm arbilrium super illis, injungentes eidem quod visilationes
ecclesiarum Tholose deinceps faciat annuatim, prout in litteris sue
penitenlie continetur et eidem in penitentia est injunctum pro hiis
que commisit in crimine herelice pravitatis. In cujus rei teslimonium ,
etc. 31. Forma cujusdam commissionis particularis in casu. Frater
Bernardus inquisitor, etc, venerabilibus ac discretis viris taliN. et tali
N. etc, salutem. — Discretioni ac sollercie vestre de qua fiduciam
plenam gero, committo tenore presentium et injungo quatinus, vice
et auctoritate nostra , apud talem locum persoualiter accedentes,
convocatis coram vobis tali N. et tali N. de dicto loco, faciatis vobis
ostendi ab eis ac per eos locum in quo talis N. jam defunctus labe
infectus heretica fuit per ipsos in horto quodam sepultus, sicut per
inquisitionem ac per testes in inquisitione receplos super hoc
invenimus veritatem, et ibidem corpus seu ossa dicti defuncti
faciatis, ipsis presentibus et fodientibus, exhumari et in certo loco
reponi et sequestrari , in quo suo tempore, cum opportunum fuerit,
certitudinaliter [f° 3% a] valeant inveniri, ut de ipsis possit fieri quod
secundum sanctiones canonicas fuerit faciendum, contradictores aut
rebelles, si qui fuerint, auctoritale nostra quam vobis in hac parte
committo, per censuram ecclesiasticam com 
 SECUNDA PARS. 59 pescendo. Si vero ambo non potueritis
ad exequendum premissa personaliler inleresse, aller veslrum ea
nichilominus cum debila diligenlia exequatur. In cujus rei
testiraonium sigillum nostrum, etc. Dalum, etc. 32. Forma
denunciandi seu publicandi sententiam esse latam de domo aliqua
diruenda. Frater N. inquisitor, elc, capellano lalis ecclesie, vel ejus
locum lenenti, el aliis ad quos presentes littere pervenerint, salutem
in aclore fidei Domino Jhesu Chrislo. — Dudum (yel s/c .• nuper)sub
annoDominice Incarnationis tali et die tali, in sermone publico
inquisitorum facto Tholose in ecclesia Sancli Stephani cathedrali ,
presentibus officialibus regalis curie, universitate cleri ac populi
congregala, sicut moris est in hujusmodi ab antiquo,
condempnavimus per diffinitivam sententiam, de consilio peritorum ,
talem domum in qua lalis N. de lali loco in sua uilima egritudine fuit
hereticatus , seu in sectam dampnatam hereticorum receplus per
lalem herelicum , et obiit in eadem ; eamdemque domum juxta
sanctiones tam [f° 32 b] canonicas quam civiles senlentiavimus cum
suis appenditiis fundilus diruendam , ita quod sit perpetuo
inhabitabilis nunquamque reedificetur ; necnon premissa monitione
canonica tulimus sentenliam excommunicationis publice et in scriptis
in et conlra quoscumque conlradictores , seu rebelles, et contrarium
facienles. Quocirca, auctoritale aposlolica qua fungimur, vobis
precipiendo mandamus qualinus predictam senlentiam nostram in
ecclesia veslra, populo congregato ibidem ad audiendum divina,
publice denuncietis tribus diebus dominicis seu festivis proximo
subsequentibus, ne aliquis per ignoranliam crassam se valeat
excusare. Et si aliqui contrarium altemplaverint, hac noslra raonitione
premissa et denunciatione publice facta, ipsos denuncietis in ecclesia
veslra publice in excommunicalionis sentenliam incidisse ; et in
signum recepti ac compleli mandali nostri sigillum vestrum
presenlibus apponalis. Datum et sigillo noslro sigillatum, Tholose,
anno et die tali. 33. Forma scribendi ad applicandum materiam
alicujus domus piis usibus que propter heresim fuerit destruenda.
FraterBernardusGuidonis, ord. Predic, inquisilor, etc, universis
presentes lilteras inspecturis, salutem [f° 321 c] in actore fidei
Domino Jhesu Christo. — Cum domus talis N. de tali loco, pro eo
quod in ea quedam persona fuit hereticata et in dampnatam sectam
hereticorum in fine suo recepta et dampnabiliter obiil in eadem, ob
scelus dicte hereticationis et in deteslationem criminis tam nephandi,
exlilerit per dilfinitivam
 GO PRACTJCA INQUISITfOMS IIKKETICE PHAVITATIS.
senlenliam condempnala , ut tola cum suis appendiciis fnnditus
desIrualur, cjusque matcria ad noslrum arbitiium comburatur, vel piis
usibus appiicotur, nos, piis quorumdam bonorum virorum precibus
inclinati, necnon utililatc ac necessitale taiis hospilalis de tali loco
{vel : talis domus religiosorum talium) provida consideratione
pensata, totam materiam dicte domus, cum diruta extiterit,
reparationi seu reedificationi et alias utililati seu necessitati prefati
hospitalis (vel : lalis operis) , auctoritate qua fungimur, tenore
presentium applicamus, inhibenles, canonica monitioue premissa ,
sub pena excommunicatiouis , ne quis dictam materiam alibi
iransferat seu transportet, vel cam dislrahat seu alienel, nisi
dumtaxat ad utilitalem dicli hospitalis [seu operis) cui eam duximus
applicandam. In cujus rei teslimonium sigillum noslium, elc. Si auiem
videatur expediens, poterit ita scrihi SK.pra in loco suo : [F" 32 d]
Inhibentes, canonica monitione premissa, perhemptorie ac precise,
sub pena excommunicationis, ne quis dictam materiam, etc, ut
supra; alioquin in facientcs contrarium, aucloritale aposlolica qua
fungimur, hac nostra canonica monitione premissa, in hiis
presentibus scriplis excommunicalionis sententiam promulgamus. In
cujus rei testimonium, etc. 34. Forma scribendi contra molestantes
illos quibus cruces ad portandum nomine penitentie sunt injuncte.
Fraler Bernardus inquisitor heretice pravitalis , etc, omnibus Christi
fidelibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerinl i^vel : tali bajulo vel :
consulibus talis loci), salutem in actore fidei Domino Jhesu Christo.
— Cum sancla mater Ecclesia nnlli claudat gremium redeunti, ymmo
gaudens suscipit, fovet, protegil penilentes, exemplo pii patris
edocta, qui prodigum filium revertentem festiva cum letitia recollegit;
idcirco, auctorilate apostolica qua fungimur , inhibemus , et premissa
monitione canonica sub pena excommunicationis precipimus et
mandamus ne tales de tali loco [exprirriantur nomina) quibus
tanquam penilentibus in penitentiam et nomine penitentie per nos
(vel sic . per inquisitores predecessores nostros) cruces sunt imposile
ad portandum, et peregrinationes injuncte ad faciendum, pro hiis in
quibus in facto seu crimine heresis commiserunt, aliquis [f° 33 a]
audeal irridere, nec a locis propriis seu coramunibus commerciis
excludere, vel quoquo modo alias molestare, ne ex hoc relardctur
couversio peccatorum, et ne conversi propter scandalum, abjecta
penitentia , relabantur ; quin ymmo libere permittantur tam in locis
uode traxerunt originem quam alibi ubi commodius potuerint
habilare suamque agere penitentiam sine molestia et in pace,
quamdiu sua conversalio fidelis et calholica apparuerit legittimis
documenlis; alias enim molestantes ipsos indebite pena debila
 SECUNDA PARS. 64 piiniemus, ct conlra moleslanles, prout
justura fuerit, per censuram ecclesiasticam procedemus. In ciijus rei,
etc. Datnm, ut supra. 35. Forma littere declarandi et pronunciandi
quod aliquis publicis officiis possit uti. Tenore presenlium paleat
universis qiiod nos lalis N. inquisitor, nolentes quod aliquis innocens
vel immunis a deiicto heresis aliasque bene meritus, a publicis officiis
et legitlimis actibus sine culpa sua et absque causa rationabiii
excludatur, quem de jure possimus ex incumbenti nobis officio
relevare juxta canonicas sanctiones, tenore presenlium dicimus,
declaramus et pronunciamus talem N., filium quondam talis N., de
tali loco, posse uli officio consulatus, [f" 33 b] si ad illud electus
fuerit seu vocatus, et tenere bajulias el administrationes alias, el
quecumque publica officia exercere , non obstante quod predictus
talis N. pater suus quondam pro facto heresis habuerit penitenliam
de portandis crucibus et fuerit iramuralus, cum idem pater suus ad
mandatum Ecclesie et inquisilorum predictas penitentias compleveril
[vel sic : prediclarura penitenliarum proseculioni et complelioni, dum
viveret, insistebal) cl reincorporalus Ecclesie unilati decessit in
eadem. la cujus rei leslimoniura, etc. Datura, etcelera. 36. Forma
littere pro clerico jurato recepto ad fidelitatem et oflBcium
inquisitionis. Tenore presentiura pateat universis quod nos frater
Bernardus Guidonis, ord. Predic, inquisitor heretice pravitatis in
regno Francie per sedem apostolicara deputalus, recepimus in
juratum ac fidelem ministrum officii inquisitionis herclice pravitatis
ejusdem dilectum nostrum magislrura talem N. clericura talis
dyocesis, notariura publicum Tholose , juramenlo fidelitalis et secreti
recepto a nobis el preslito ab eodem,cum omnibus libertalibus,
iiiimunitatibus, graciis et privilegiis tam ab apostolica sede quam
etiam a regia majeslalc coucessis notariis, officiaiibus seu ministris
officii inquisitionis, quibus eundem talem N. gaudere volumus et
decerniraus [1° 33 c] per presentes. In quarum omnium teslimouium
et raunimen, etc. 37. Forma littere pro custode muri instituendo.
Tenore presentium paleat universis quod nos frater Bernardus
Guidonis, ord, Predic, inquisitor herelice pravilatis in regno Francie
per sedem
 62 PRACTICA INQUISITIOMS HERETICE PRAVITATIS.
aposlolicam deputatus, posuimus ac depulavimus ad custodiam muri
et carcerum Tholose ubi homines culpabiles pro crimine heresis
deliDeDlur, talem N. clericum, ipsumque custodem dicti muri el
immuralorum, seu in carceribus deteotorum, fecimus el consliluimus
quamdiu noslre seu successorum nostrorum in officio inquisitionis
placuerit volunlali, cum omnibus libertatibus, graciis et privilegiis tam
ab apostolica sede quam eiiam a regia majestate concessis
officialibus et ministris officii inquisitionis, necnon cum vadiis domini
nostri regis Francie dari dicti muri custodibus consuetis , juramento
fidelitalis et secreti prius recepto a nobis et preslito ab eodem :
inhibenles premissa monitione canonica, sub excommunicacionis
aliisque penis canonicis, omnibus etsingulis, ne aliquis dictum
custodem presumat in officio memorate cuslodie aliquatenus
impedire. In quorum omnium testimonium et munimen eidem lali N.
presentes litteras sigillo nostro concessimus sigillatas. Datum et
actum, etc. 38. [Fo 33 d] Forma littere testimonialis pro juratis
ofiQcii inquisitionis. FraterBernardusinquisitor, etc,
universispresenteslitterasinspecturis, etc. — Tenore presentium
notum fiat talem N. servientem esse fidelem nostrum pariter et
juratum : quo circa in persequendis et capiendis hereticis manifestis
generaliler, necnon in aliis exequendis que per eundem specialiter
duxerimus et mandaverimus exequenda, volumus et mandamus ab
omnibus Christi fidelibus quos ipse requisierit et quibus indiguerit
eidem impendi promptum auxilium et consilium opportunum. In
cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus duximus
apponendum. Datum, etc. [Poterit autem in fine addi, si et quando
expediens visum fuerit^ sequens dausula ne tales littere sint
perpelue : presentibus litteris post unum annum a dala presentium
minime valituris.) 39. Forma littere pro licentia exeundi terminos
alicui assignatos in penam ex aliqua causa rationabili. Tenore
presentium notum fiat quod nos talis inquisitor, piis quorumdam
bonorum virorum precibus inclinati, dedimus et coDcessimus
licentiam exeundi extra talem dyocesim tali N. de tali loco ista vice
causa peregrinationis visitandi limina Beate-Marie de Podio et
transitum [f
 SECUNDA PARS. 65 40. Forma scribendi littere testimonialis
de actis publicis que in libris inquisitionis continentur ; quod raro et
non sine magna et rationabili causa fiat. Ad cerlitudinem presentium
et memoriam fulurorum fidemque in juditiis quorum interest
astruendam, tenore presentium notum fiat quod nos Frater
Bernardus, inquisitor, etc, , vidimus et legimus in libro in quo acla
publica inquisitorum predecessorum nostrorum in officio inquisitionis
conscripta sunt, ea que sequuntur inler cetera contineri. [In isto loco
conscrihantur de verbo ad verbum illa que inde fuerint extrahenda.)
In quorum assertionem et testimonium verilatis , nos prefatus
inquisitor sigillum nostrum presentibus duximus apponendum; et ea
nichilominus de predicto libro et actis extrahi mandavimus et
conscribi per manum talis N. notarii nostri. Actum Tholose in domo
inquisitionis , etc. Et ego talis N. notarius de mandato et jussu prefali
domini inquisitoris predicta manu propria scripsi et de verbo ad
verbum extraxi de [f° 34 b] libro predicto in quo acta publica eadem
et consimilia conscribuntur , et hic in publicam formam redegi et
signo meo solito signavi rogatus. 41. Item aliter de eodem in casu.
Tenore presentium notum fiat quod nos inquisitor talis N (1)., ad
requisitionem talium et talium officialium domini nostri regis Francie ,
pro scienda publice veritate, quesivimus et invenimus in libro
inquisitionis Tholose in quo acta penitentie et sententie inquisitorum
predecessorum nostrorum conscripta sunt et habentur, et ad
requisitionem eorumdem inde extrahi fecimus et conscribi per
manum talis N. notarii nostri de verbo ad verbura ea que scqnuntur,
prout ibidem legimus et vidimus contineri. In noniine Patris , el Filii ,
et Spiritus Sancti, Amen , etc, (in isto loco scribantur integraliter que
inde fuerint extrahenda.) In quorum testimonium ei fidem ad
requisitionem predictorum nos prefatus inquisitor sigillum nostrum
duximus presentibus apponendum. 42. Littera testimonialis de usu,
cursu et stilo officii inquisitionis (1) N. dans le ms. 388.
 64 niACTICA INQUISmONIS IIERETICE PRAVITATIS.
quantum ad occupationem bonorum faciendam aut etiam
dimittendam. Ad cerliliiclinem presenlium el mcmoriam fulurorum ,
lenorc presenlium nolum fial quod ab anliquis lemporibus fuil usus,
cursus et sliius officii inquisilionis herelice piavitalis observalus in
parlibus [!*• 34 c] Carcassonensibus et Tholosanis et Albigeusibus et
circumvicinis , videliccl quod bona herelicorum ac eliam relapsorum
in heresim in judilio abjuralam , quamvis relapsi pcniteanl, poslquam
predicti tam hcrctici quam relapsi sunl per inquisilorum seu Ecciesie
judilium declarali esse tales et rclicli tanquam tales brachio et judilio
curie sccularis, itcm credentium herelicorum erroribus, postquam
sunl per inquisilorum sententiam aul judilium judicali ad murum seu
carcerem ad agendum penilentiam de commissis in heresi dum
vivunt, aut etiam post mortem ipsorum declarati quod forent si
viverent immurandi, talium, inquam, bona confiscantur, et a fisco
tunc et non antea occupantur, quamvis de faclo servclur quod prius
bona talium , postquam dcnotaii sunt aut citati, annotentur per
procuratorem fisci regii ; set poslquam sunt annotata seu conscripta
per eundem, dimittuntur seu dantur ad recredentiam suis
possessoribus aut personis conjunctis, data fidcjussoria caulione de
bonis ipsis non alienandis set conservandis , salvo usufruclu ipsis
possessoribus usque ad diffinilivam inquisitorum sententiam super
crimine predictorum. Bona vero aliorum qui in faclo seu criraine
heresis commiserunl, quibus per inquisitores pro commissis
injunguntur penitentie arbilrarie, sicut sunt peregrinationes faciende,
aut [f° 34 d] cruces de filtro portande, scu aliqua alia onera ad pios
usus seu ad opera pietalis ad arbitrium ipsorum inquisitorum, bona
etiam illorum quibus inquisitores ex certis et rationabilibus causis,
pro bono scu ulilitate fidei cl officii inquisitionis, promittunl ct faciunt
super hoc gratiam specialem , minimc confiscanlur; et sic ab olim
servatum extitit el adhuc observalur in parlibus supradictis. In cujus
rei testimonium ego talis N. (1), inquisitor herelice pravitatis in regno
Fraucie per sedem apostolicam depulalus, sigillum nostrum (2) duxi
preseulibus apponendum. Datum Tholose, in mense junii , anno
Domini M** CCC° XX°. 43. Forma litterarum seu cedularum ad
requirendum de provisione facienda personis detentis in muro
nondum sentenciatis. Discreto viro tali N. receptori incursuum
heresis ia senescallia Tho(1) J. dans le ms. 388. (i) Meum dans lc
nis. 388.
 SECUNDA PARS. 65 losana vel ejus lociim tenenli inquisilor
Thoiosanus. — Cuni lalis N. de tali loco , de mandato noslro captus
tanquam suspectus aut nolatus de facto heresis {vel sic : ex cerlis
causis inquisitionis officium tangentibus nobis notis) detineatur in
muro , volumus et vos requirimus quatinus facialis salisfieri custodi
muri de expensis pro eo factis a die captionis ipsius [f'* 35 a] (vel sic
: a die qua positus fuit in muro) citra de bonis ipsius prefati capli et
detenli si qua habet; alias pouatis eundem ad solutionem domini
noslri regis, prout est et fuit de talibus non habentibus unde
satisfaciant haclenus observalum ; prediclus vero talis captus fuit tali
die [vel sic : positus in muro tali die scribatur kalenda seu clies et
annus). Dalum , etc. Item alius modus loquendi de eodem. Discreto
viro, etc, inquisitor Tholosanus. — Talis N. de tali loco tanquam
suspectus de facto heresis captus fuit et detentus in muro a tali die
usque ad talem diem , et cum non habeat unde solvat aut satisfaciat
de expensis, volumus et vos requirimus quod de expensis factis pro
eo faciatis satisfieri custodi muri a tempore antedicto, prout est in
talibus non habentibus unde satisfaciant hactenus observatum.
Datum, elc. Item alius modus loquendi de eodem. Discreto viro, etc,
inquisitor, etc — Nuper talis N. de tali loco captus pro facto heresis et
confessus fuit positus in muro ubi detinetur, ut suo tempore recipiat
penitentiam pro commissis. Quo circa vos requirimus quatinus
faciatis provideri custodi muri de expensis debitis pro eodem de
bonis ejus si habet , vel faciatis eum poni ad solutionem communem
domini nostri [f'' 35 b] regis, si nulia bona habet, a tali die quo
positus fuit in muro, et deinceps usque ad talem diem , vel usque ad
diffinitivam sententiam. Datum, etc. 44. Forma recognitionis de
solutione facta inquisitori. Noverint universi quod nos Frater
Bernardus inquisitor Tholose, etc, recognoscimus nos habuisse et
recepisse a discreto viro tali N. procuratore et receptore incursuum
heresis in senescallia Tholosana et Albiensi pro domino nostro rege
Francie de parte solutionis vadiorum noslrorum pro termino festi
Ascencionis Domini (vel sic : Omnium Sanctorum, vel sic :
Purificationis Beate Marie) quinquaginta libras Turonensium
parvorum. In cujus recognitionis testimonium sigiilum nostrum
presentibus duximus apponendum. Datum, etc 45. Forma littere
committendi locum inquisitoris. In Jhesu Chrislo sibi karissimis fratri
tali N. priori Fratrum Predica9
 66 PRACTICA INQUISITIOMS HERETICE PRAVITATISi
torum Tholoseacfralri tali N. ejusdem ordinis,Fralcr Eernardus
inquisilor, elc, elernam in Dominosalulem. — Cum propter mulla
negocia et ex certis causis lalibus me opporleat esse absentem a
partibus Tholosanis, vobis ac veslrum cuilibet in solidum de quorum
zelo, discretione ac prudencia [f° 35 c] gero fiduciam pleniorem ,
commilto tenore presenlium in inquisitionis officio plenarie vices
meas. In cujus commissionis robur ac teslimonium sigillummeum
(1)duxi presentibusappendendum. Dalum, el cetera. 46. Item forma
alia de eodem in casu speciali. In Jhesu Chrislo sibi karissimis fratri
tali N. priori fratrum ord. Predic. Carcassone et fratri tali N. lectori
ibidem, Frater Bernardus inquisitor, etc, elernam in Domino salutem.
— Cum Dominus omnium ad se vocaverit et nobis subtraxerit de hoc
mundo karissimum michi patrem et collegam in officio inquisitionis
pugilemque coutra hostes fidei strenuum et alletam Fratrem
Gaufridum de Ablusiis coinquisitorem specialiter in parlibus
Carcassonensibus deputatum, et ego nunc agam necessario in
remotis (vel sic : et ego non possim illuc personaliter me conferre),
ne desint ministri necessarii in inquisitione , committo vobis lerminis
in omnibus senescalliarum Carcassonensis, Biterrensis et Bellicadri,
tenore presencium, plenarie vices meas, donec inquisitor alius de
quo provisum extiterit pervenerit Carcassonam, nisi ipse inquisitor
aliter duceret ordinandum. Datum Lucduni , III°-ydus septembris, in
craslino obitus memorali Fratris Gaufridi inquisitoris, anno Domini M°
CCC° X\T°. 47. [Fo 35 d] Littera de hospitio inquisitorum Tliolose non
exponendo. In Jhesu Christo sibi carissimis fratribus tenentibus
locum suum ThoJose, Frater Bernardus Guidonis, inquisitor Tholose
heretice pravitatis, eteruam in Domiao salutem. — Cum domus seu
hospicium inquisitionis sit valde necessarium omni tempore ad ea
que incumbunt in ipso inquisitionis officio prompcius exequenda,
necnon ad conservandum libros et acta inquisitionis tucius in eodem
propter multos casus inopinatos subito emergentes,sicut ego sepius
sum expertus, ideo volo et ordino vobisque districte impono ne
predictam domum seu hospicium tradatis seu exponatis alicui ad
habitandum in mea absentia, simpliciter vel ad tempus iu aliquo
casu, nisi forsan dominus senescallus Tholose pro persona sua
dumtaxat indigeret, in eo casu in quo hospicium prefati domini
senes(I) Mcum d'apres le iiis. 3SS.
 SECUNDA PARS, 67 calli per aliquos alios majores doQiinos
seu magislros conlingere-t oc« cupari, ubi ipse hoc requirerel et
habere vellet. Datura, etc. 48. Forma requisitionis librorum
Talmutorum Judeorum sub pena excommunicationis. Frater
Bernardus Guidonis, ord. Predic, inquisitor heretice pravitatis ac
perfidie Judeorum in regno Francie per sedem apostolicam
deputatus [f° 36 a], venerabiii ac discreto viro domino Johanni de
Crespeyo superintendenti negocio Judeorum in senescaHia
Tholosana et Ruthenensi per dominum nostrum regem Francie
deputato, salutem in actore fidei Domino Jhesu Christo. — Cum pia
voluntas et recta inlenlio christianissimi domini nostri regis Francie
Philippi versetur ad extirpationem errorum et errantium , el
exaltationem fidei orthodoxe ubique in toto regno suo , suorum
progenitorum in hoc piis vesligiis inherendo, veiilque non tanlum de
cordibus verum etiam de codicibus omnem errandi occasionem et
materiam aboleri , ac ulcisci blasfemias nominis Domini Jhesu Christi
et sue sanctissime genitricis , et ob hanc causam omnibus
senescallis ceterisque justiciariis et intendentibus negocio Judeorum
in toto regno suo per suas patentes litteras, de quibus vobis fecimus
plenam fidem, dederit in mandatis quod omnes libros omniaque
scripta Judeorum que penes vos habetis seu in locis vobis in hac
parte subjectis poteritis invenire, nobis exibeatis, ut ex eis possimus
eligere ac etiam separare oranes libros vocatos Talmutz et alios
quoscumque in quibus continentur errores pariter et horrores ac
blasfemie in Dominum Jhesum Christum et ejus sanctissimam
genitricem et ignominie nominis christiani , ad comburendum
eosdem taaquam reprobos et dudum per sententiam domini Odonis
cardinalis [f° 36 b] legati in Francia condempnatos ; ideo vos
requirimus per presentes, vobisque mandamus ex parle prefati
domini nostri regis, necnon autoritate apostolica monemus semel,
secundo ac tercio, sub pena excommunicationis, quam in vos, nisi
feceritis et compleveritis quod requirimus in hac parte, ferimus in hiis
scriptis, quatinus infra instans carnipridium omnes libros omniaque
scripta Judeorum , sicut premittitur, juxta tenorem et formam
litterarum regiarum, nobis integraliter ac fideliter exibeatis et plenius
ostendatis, seu exiberi et ostendi plenius faciatis, ut ex eis possimus
eligere ac etiam separare quos tanquam reprobos continentes
errores et blasfemias noverimus et de sapienlium consilio
decreverimus comburendos ; vobis insuper, de cujus discretione ac
zelo fidei firmam fiduciam optinemus, committimus et mandamus,
actoritate apostolica ac eliam regia, quatinus per vos seu per fideles
ac juratos vestros quos ad hoc duxeritis deputandos, faciatis perquiri
diclos libros seu scripta Judeorum in locis vobis
 68 PRACTICA INQUISITIOMS HEIIETICE PRAVITATIS. in
hac parle subjeclis, et ubicunique el apud quoscumque aliqui invenli
fuerint capiatis seu capi facialis eosdem nobis, ut premissum est,
exhibendos ; lilteras quoque nostras alias generales
excommunicationis sentenliam contincntes contra quoscumque
delenlores prediclorum librorum et occultatores ac celatores eorum ,
necnon [f" 36 c] contra impeditores el rebelles publicari faciatis per
rectores ecciesiarum locis et personis in quibuscumque partibus
vobis vel deputatis per vos in hac parte visum fuerit expedire.
Mandamus insuper auctoritate apostolica et monencius, sub pena
excommunicationis, omnes et singulos rectores ecclesiarum quos,
vel eorum loca tenentes, vos vel deputati a vobis duxeritis
requirendos super predicta pubiicatione litterarum nostrarum
facienda, quatinus vobis vel depulatis per vos promple pareant et
intendant; quod nisi fecerint citelis vel citari faciatis quos non
obedientes inveneritis aut rebelles quatinus ad certam diem, quam
eis duxeritis preBgendam^ Tholose personaliter corapareant coram
nobis, mandatum nostrum super hoc audituri et facturi alias quod
fuerit rationis. Datum sub appensione sigilli nostri Tholose, pridie
nonas januarii, sub anno Domini M«CCC«]X°. 49. Forma mitigationis
circa penam sententie excommunicationis ex causa. Frater
Bernardus, inquisitor, elc, venerabili ac discreto viro domino Johanni
de Crespeyo, etc, salutem. — Cum nuper vobis fecerim aliquas
requisitiones et monuerim canonice sub pena excommunicationis
super libris Judeorum michi exibendis infra certum terminum, prout
in litteris noslris vobis [t° 36 d] exibilis plenius continetur, et vos
nunc sicut intellexi opporleat esse absentem a senescallia Tholosana
et Ruthenensi , volens vos extra quodcumque periculum ponere et
conscienliam vestram securam esse pariter et serenam , duxi tenore
presentium modum et formam requisilionum ac monitionum
nostrarum , quantum ad excommunicationis sententiam, quoad
personam vestram penitus suspendendum , ita quod nulla sententia
excommunicationis ex parle nostra in hoc casu vos aliquatenus
apprehendat, requisitionibus nostris ac monilionibus in aliis et
quantum ad alios in suo robore duraturis, volens et obsecrans ut ex
hoc non minus quinymmo magis et amplius sitis soilicitus et attentus
ad periiciendum juxta volunlalem el ordinationem domini nostri regis,
requisitiones nostras de libris Judeorum inquirendis et inveniendis et
michi exibendis ad faciendum de eis quod justitia suadebit. In cujus
rei testimonium sigillum nostrum duxi presentibus appponendum.
Datum Tholose in feslo sancte Agnelis virginis et marliris , anno
Domini M'* CCC» IX°.
 SECUNDA PARS. 69 50. Sententia excommunicationis
contra detentores et celatores librorum Judeorum. Frater Bernardus,
inquisitor, etc, universis et siQgalis rectoribus ecclesiarum vel eorum
loca tenentibus [f" 37 a] ad quos presentes littere pervenerint,
salutem in actore fidei Domino Jhesu Christo. — Cum sit voluntas ac
intentio pariter et mandatum christianissimi domini nostri regis, sicut
nobis constat per ejus patentes litteras destinatas, necnon expediens
el necessarium fidei orthodoxe quod omnes libri Judeorum in quibus
continentur errores et blasfemie nominis Domini Jhesu Christi et ejus
sanclissime genitricis virginis Marie, in opprobrium ejusdem fidei
orthodoxe, tollantur de medio et ex debito justicie comburantur,
auctoritate apostolica qua fungimur, sub pena excommunicationis,
vobis raandamus quatinus in ecclesiis vestris, ibidem ad audiendum
divina (1) clero et populo congregatis, per tres immediate sequentes
dies dominicos seu festivos, ex parte nostra moneatis semel,
secundo ac tercio canonice et perhemptorie sub pena
excommunicationis omnes et singulos quicumque habent seu tenent
aliquos libros seu scripta aliqua Judeorum quocumque nomine
censeantur, nobis seu deputatis per nos in hac parte exibeant
integraliter et ostendant infra instans carniprivium , modo etiam et
forma consimili moneatis omnes et singulos qui sciunt predictos
libros seu scripta vel aliquem de eisdem haberi seu detineri a
quibuscumque personis, quod nobis infra dictum terrainum intiraent
[f° 37 b] et revelent, ut ex dictis libris seu scriptis possimus eligere
ac etiam separare oranes libros qui vocantur Talmulz et quoscumque
alios in quibus errores inventi fuerint et blasfemie nominis Domini
Jhesu Christi et ejus sanctissime genitricis et fidei orthodoxe, ut de
eis fiat executio debita justicie tanquam de reprobis et dampnatis :
quod nisi raoniti fecerint,sicut preraittitur,infra terminumpretaxatum,
in omnes detentores et celatores predictorura librorum seu
scriptorum, ac etiara in irapeditores, ista nostra competenti
monitione premissa, ex nunc ut ex tunc, et ex tunc ut ex nunc,
excommunicationis sententiam ferimus in hiis scriptis, ipsosque
excommunicatos publice in vestris ecclesiis nuncietis, et tanquam
excoraraunicatos eviletis et faciatis a vestris subdilis arcius evitari.
Datura Tholose pridie ydus januarii, anno Doraini M°CCC«IX". 51.
Requisitio senescalli Ag-enesii super libris Judeorum. Nobili ac
potenti viro domino senescallo Agenesii vel ejus locum (1) Divinum
dans le ms. 387.
 70 PRACTICA INQUISITIOMS HERETICE PRAVITATIS.
tenenti, Frater BernardusGuidonis, ord.Predic, inquisilorheretice
pravitatis in regno Francie per sedem apostolicam deputatus,
salutem in actore fidei Domino Jhesu Christo. — Ad extirpationem
errorum et errantium ubicumque et ad exaltationem fidei orthodoxe
sine qua non est salus, merito [f° 37 c] debent accingi omnes qui
fideles reputari cupiunt et halDeri, precipue quicumque regimini
presidentes quibus major facultas a Deo a quo est omnis potestas
collata esse dinoscitur alios cohercendi. Quocirca cum in libris et
scriptis pluribus Judeorum, maxime Talmutorum et glosis et
expositionibus eorumdem plures contineantur errores pariter et
horrores ac blasfemie nominis Domini Jhesu Christi et ejus
sanctissime genitricis Virginis Marie ac nominis chrisliani, que
reprobata esse noscunlur pariter et dampnata, vos de cujus fide ac
zelo fidei merito confidimus ct in Domino congaudemus , auctoritate
apostolica qua fungimur in hac parte, requirimus per presentes
pariter ac monemus quatinus omnes libros omniaque scripta
Judeorum , quibuscumque titulis aut nominibus censeantur, cum
debita soUicitudine, omni diiatione postposita, perquiratis seu
perquiri faciatis, et capiatis ubicumque et apud quoscumque fuerint
de omnibus locis vobis seu vestro regimini subraissis, et faciatis
portari eosdem libros seu scripta apud Agennum ad domum seu
conventum Fratrum Predicatorum, ubi cum sigillo vestro et prioris
eorumdem Fratrum quem in hoc deputamus loco noslri et cui super
premissis et ea tangentibus plenarie [f° 37 d] committimus vices
nostras, consignentur et sigillentur et fideii custodia reponantur, ut
ex eis possimus eligere ac etiam separare omnes libros qui vocantur
Talmutz et alios quoscumque in quibus errores seu blasfemie
continentur, ad faciendum de eis tanquam de reprobis et dampnatis
quod justicia suadebit ; in premissis taliter vos habeutes quod non
possitis redargui de negligentia vel defectu, set pocius de zelo fidei
et diligentia merito commendari. Datum Agenni, pridie nonas januarii
, anno Domini M^CCC^^IX". 52. Commissio facta priori Fratrum
Predicatorum Agenni super libris Judeorum inquirendis. Frater
Bernardus, inquisitor, etc, karissimo sibi in Christo priori Fratrum
Predicatorum Agenni, salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. —
Cum in libris et scriptis Judeorum, maxime in Talmutis etglosis et
expositionibus eorumdem plurimi contineantur errores, pariter et
horrores, ac blasfemie nominisDomini JhesuChristi et ejus
sanctissime genitricisVirginis Marie et nominis christiani, que omnia
dampnata sunl ut perversa pariter et adversa fidei orthodoxe , vobis,
de cujus discretione ac zelo fidei firmam fiduciam optinemus, tenore
presentium [f° 38 a] committimus in tota senescallia Agenesii
plenarie vices nostras, volentes et
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